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Testosterone

Index Testosterone

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 316 relations: Acne, Active metabolite, Adam's apple, Adipose tissue, Adolf Butenandt, Adrenal gland, Aggression, Agnatha, Agonist, Albumin, Alcoholism, Allomothering, Allosteric modulator, American College of Physicians, Anabolism, Androgen, Androgen receptor, Androgen replacement therapy, Androstane, Androstenedione, Androsterone, Antiandrogen, Antisocial personality disorder, Antithyroid autoantibodies, Anus, Arnold Adolph Berthold, Aromatase, Aromatization, Athlete, Baltic states, Beard, Bile, Bioconjugation, Biological activity, Biomarker, Biosynthesis, Biotransformation, Birth defect, Blood, Blood plasma, Blood–brain barrier, Body hair, Body mass index, Body odor, Bone, Bone age, Bone density, Brain, Breast cancer, Breastfeeding, ... Expand index (266 more) »

  2. Cyclopentanols
  3. Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis
  4. Hormones of the ovary
  5. Hormones of the suprarenal cortex
  6. Hormones of the testis
  7. Human hormones
  8. Sex hormones

Acne

Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin condition that occurs when dead skin cells and oil from the skin clog hair follicles.

See Testosterone and Acne

Active metabolite

An active metabolite, or pharmacologically active metabolite is a biologically active metabolite of a xenobiotic substance, such as a drug or environmental chemical.

See Testosterone and Active metabolite

Adam's apple

The Adam's apple is the protrusion in the neck formed by the angle of the thyroid cartilage surrounding the larynx, typically visible in men, less frequently in women.

See Testosterone and Adam's apple

Adipose tissue

Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.

See Testosterone and Adipose tissue

Adolf Butenandt

Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (24 March 1903 – 18 January 1995) was a German biochemist.

See Testosterone and Adolf Butenandt

Adrenal gland

The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.

See Testosterone and Adrenal gland

Aggression

Aggression is a behavior aimed at opposing or attacking something or someone.

See Testosterone and Aggression

Agnatha

Agnatha is an infraphylum of jawless fish in the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, consisting of both living (cyclostomes) and extinct (conodonts, anaspids, and ostracoderms) species.

See Testosterone and Agnatha

Agonist

An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response.

See Testosterone and Agonist

Albumin

Albumin is a family of globular proteins, the most common of which are the serum albumins.

See Testosterone and Albumin

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems.

See Testosterone and Alcoholism

Allomothering

Allomothering, allomaternal infant care/handling, or non-maternal infant care/handling is performed by any group member other than the mother.

See Testosterone and Allomothering

Allosteric modulator

In pharmacology and biochemistry, allosteric modulators are a group of substances that bind to a receptor to change that receptor's response to stimuli.

See Testosterone and Allosteric modulator

American College of Physicians

The American College of Physicians (ACP) is a Philadelphia-based national organization of internal medicine physicians, who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of adults.

See Testosterone and American College of Physicians

Anabolism

Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct macromolecules like DNA or RNA from smaller units.

See Testosterone and Anabolism

Androgen

An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone that regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. Testosterone and androgen are anabolic–androgenic steroids, hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and sex hormones.

See Testosterone and Androgen

Androgen receptor

The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding any of the androgenic hormones, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.

See Testosterone and Androgen receptor

Androgen replacement therapy

Androgen replacement therapy (ART), often referred to as testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), is a form of hormone therapy in which androgens, often testosterone, are supplemented or replaced.

See Testosterone and Androgen replacement therapy

Androstane

Androstane is a C19 steroidal hydrocarbon with a gonane core. Testosterone and Androstane are anabolic–androgenic steroids and androstanes.

See Testosterone and Androstane

Androstenedione

Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of estrone and of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Testosterone and Androstenedione are anabolic–androgenic steroids, androstanes and estrogens.

See Testosterone and Androstenedione

Androsterone

Androsterone, or 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one, is an endogenous steroid hormone, neurosteroid, and putative pheromone. Testosterone and Androsterone are anabolic–androgenic steroids, androstanes and GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators.

See Testosterone and Androsterone

Antiandrogen

Antiandrogens, also known as androgen antagonists or testosterone blockers, are a class of drugs that prevent androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from mediating their biological effects in the body. Testosterone and Antiandrogen are sex hormones.

See Testosterone and Antiandrogen

Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD or APD), sometimes referred to as dissocial personality disorder, is a personality disorder characterized by a limited capacity for empathy and a long-term pattern of disregard for or violation of the rights of others.

See Testosterone and Antisocial personality disorder

Antithyroid autoantibodies

Antithyroid autoantibodies (or simply antithyroid antibodies) are autoantibodies targeted against one or more components on the thyroid.

See Testosterone and Antithyroid autoantibodies

Anus

In mammals, invertebrates and most fish, the anus (anuses or ani; from Latin, 'ring' or 'circle') is the external body orifice at the exit end of the digestive tract (bowel), i.e. the opposite end from the mouth.

See Testosterone and Anus

Arnold Adolph Berthold

Arnold Adolph Berthold (also Arnold Adolf Berthold) (26 February 1803, in Soest – 3 January 1861, in Göttingen) was a German scientist, most notably a physiologist and zoologist.

See Testosterone and Arnold Adolph Berthold

Aromatase

Aromatase, also called estrogen synthetase or estrogen synthase, is an enzyme responsible for a key step in the biosynthesis of estrogens.

See Testosterone and Aromatase

Aromatization

Aromatization is a chemical reaction in which an aromatic system is formed from a single nonaromatic precursor.

See Testosterone and Aromatization

Athlete

An athlete is most commonly a person who competes in one or more sports involving physical strength, speed, power, or endurance.

See Testosterone and Athlete

Baltic states

The Baltic states or the Baltic countries is a geopolitical term encompassing Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

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Beard

A beard is the hair that grows on the jaw, chin, upper lip, lower lip, cheeks, and neck of humans and some non-human animals.

See Testosterone and Beard

Bile

Bile (from Latin bilis), or gall, is a yellow-green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine.

See Testosterone and Bile

Bioconjugation

Bioconjugation is a chemical strategy to form a stable covalent link between two molecules, at least one of which is a biomolecule.

See Testosterone and Bioconjugation

Biological activity

In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter.

See Testosterone and Biological activity

Biomarker

In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition.

See Testosterone and Biomarker

Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis, i.e., chemical synthesis occuring in biological contexts, is a term most often referring to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex products.

See Testosterone and Biosynthesis

Biotransformation

Biotransformation is the biochemical modification of one chemical compound or a mixture of chemical compounds.

See Testosterone and Biotransformation

Birth defect

A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is an abnormal condition that is present at birth regardless of its cause.

See Testosterone and Birth defect

Blood

Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

See Testosterone and Blood

Blood plasma

Blood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but which contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension.

See Testosterone and Blood plasma

Blood–brain barrier

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system, thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood.

See Testosterone and Blood–brain barrier

Body hair

Body hair or androgenic hair is terminal hair that develops on the human body during and after puberty.

See Testosterone and Body hair

Body mass index

Body mass index (BMI) is a value derived from the mass (weight) and height of a person.

See Testosterone and Body mass index

Body odor

Body odor or body odour (BO) is present in all animals and its intensity can be influenced by many factors (behavioral patterns, survival strategies).

See Testosterone and Body odor

Bone

A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals.

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Bone age

Bone age is the degree of a person's skeletal development.

See Testosterone and Bone age

Bone density

Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.

See Testosterone and Bone density

Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

See Testosterone and Brain

Breast cancer

Breast cancer is a cancer that develops from breast tissue.

See Testosterone and Breast cancer

Breastfeeding

Breastfeeding, variously known as chestfeeding or nursing, is the process where breast milk is fed to a child.

See Testosterone and Breastfeeding

Buccal administration

Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream.

See Testosterone and Buccal administration

C-reactive protein

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an annular (ring-shaped) pentameric protein found in blood plasma, whose circulating concentrations rise in response to inflammation.

See Testosterone and C-reactive protein

Cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is any disease involving the heart or blood vessels.

See Testosterone and Cardiovascular disease

Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.

See Testosterone and Cell (biology)

Cell nucleus

The cell nucleus (nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells.

See Testosterone and Cell nucleus

Central Asia

Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.

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Central Europe

Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.

See Testosterone and Central Europe

Challenge hypothesis

The challenge hypothesis outlines the dynamic relationship between testosterone and aggression in mating contexts.

See Testosterone and Challenge hypothesis

Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard

Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard FRS (8 April 1817 – 2 April 1894) was a Mauritian physiologist and neurologist who, in 1850, became the first to describe what is now called Brown-Séquard syndrome.

See Testosterone and Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard

Chemical synthesis

Chemical synthesis (chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products.

See Testosterone and Chemical synthesis

Chest hair

Chest hair is hair that grows on the chest in the region between the neck and the abdomen.

See Testosterone and Chest hair

Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai

Chita (Чита) is a city and the administrative center of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia, located on the Trans-Siberian Railway route, roughly east of Irkutsk.

See Testosterone and Chita, Zabaykalsky Krai

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is the principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. Testosterone and Cholesterol are GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators.

See Testosterone and Cholesterol

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme is commonly referred to as P450scc, where "scc" is an acronym for side-chain cleavage.

See Testosterone and Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme

Chromosome

A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.

See Testosterone and Chromosome

Circadian rhythm

A circadian rhythm, or circadian cycle, is a natural oscillation that repeats roughly every 24 hours.

See Testosterone and Circadian rhythm

Circulatory system

The circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.

See Testosterone and Circulatory system

Clitoris

In amniotes, the clitoris (or;: clitorises or clitorides) is a female sex organ.

See Testosterone and Clitoris

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis.

See Testosterone and Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Cortisol

Cortisol is a steroid hormone in the glucocorticoid class of hormones and a stress hormone.

See Testosterone and Cortisol

Courtship display

A courtship display is a set of display behaviors in which an animal, usually a male, attempts to attract a mate; the mate exercises choice, so sexual selection acts on the display.

See Testosterone and Courtship display

CRC Press

The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.

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Cream (pharmacy)

A cream is a preparation usually for application to the skin.

See Testosterone and Cream (pharmacy)

CYP17A1

Cytochrome P450 17A1 (steroid 17α-monooxygenase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17-alpha-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, 17,20-desmolase) is an enzyme of the hydroxylase type that in humans is encoded by the CYP17A1 gene on chromosome 10.

See Testosterone and CYP17A1

CYP2C19

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme protein.

See Testosterone and CYP2C19

CYP2C9

Cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme protein.

See Testosterone and CYP2C9

CYP2D6

Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2D6 gene.

See Testosterone and CYP2D6

CYP3A4

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine, which in humans is encoded by CYP3A4 gene.

See Testosterone and CYP3A4

CYP3A5

Cytochrome P450 3A5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP3A5 gene.

See Testosterone and CYP3A5

Cytochrome P450

Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases.

See Testosterone and Cytochrome P450

Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus.

See Testosterone and Cytoplasm

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Death

Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.

See Testosterone and Death

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, abbreviated as DHEA sulfate or DHEA-S, also known as androstenolone sulfate, is an endogenous androstane steroid that is produced by the adrenal cortex. Testosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate are anabolic–androgenic steroids and androstanes.

See Testosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

Dementia

Dementia is a syndrome associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by a general decline in cognitive abilities that affects a person's ability to perform everyday activities.

See Testosterone and Dementia

Developmental biology

Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.

See Testosterone and Developmental biology

Digit ratio

The digit ratio is the ratio taken of the lengths of different digits or fingers on a hand.

See Testosterone and Digit ratio

Dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, 5α-DHT, androstanolone or stanolone) is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone primarily involved in the growth and repair of the prostate and the penis, as well as the production of sebum and body hair composition. Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone are anabolic–androgenic steroids, androstanes, Cyclopentanols, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, hormones of the testis, human hormones and sex hormones.

See Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone

Dominance hierarchy

In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system.

See Testosterone and Dominance hierarchy

Ecdysone

Ecdysone is a prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, secreted from the prothoracic glands.

See Testosterone and Ecdysone

Edema

Edema (AmE), also spelled oedema (BrE), and also known as fluid retention, dropsy, hydropsy and swelling, is the build-up of fluid in the body's tissue.

See Testosterone and Edema

Endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.

See Testosterone and Endoplasmic reticulum

Endurance training

Endurance training is the act of exercising to increase endurance.

See Testosterone and Endurance training

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

See Testosterone and Enzyme

Epiandrosterone

Epiandrosterone, or isoandrosterone, also known as 3β-androsterone, 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one, or 5α-androstan-3β-ol-17-one, is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. Testosterone and Epiandrosterone are anabolic–androgenic steroids and androstanes.

See Testosterone and Epiandrosterone

Epididymis

The epididymis (epididymides or) is an elongated tubular structure attached to the posterior side of each one of the two male reproductive glands, the testicles.

See Testosterone and Epididymis

Epietiocholanolone

Epietiocholanolone, also known as 3β-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one or as etiocholan-3β-ol-17-one, is an etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid as well as an inactive metabolite of testosterone that is formed in the liver.

See Testosterone and Epietiocholanolone

Epiphysis

An epiphysis (epiphyses) is one of the rounded ends or tips of a long bone that ossify from a secondary center of ossification.

See Testosterone and Epiphysis

Erection

An erection (clinically: penile erection or penile tumescence) is a physiological phenomenon in which the penis becomes firm, engorged, and enlarged.

See Testosterone and Erection

Estonia

Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.

See Testosterone and Estonia

Estradiol

Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone. Testosterone and Estradiol are estrogens, hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and sex hormones.

See Testosterone and Estradiol

Estrogen receptor

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells.

See Testosterone and Estrogen receptor

Etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone, also known as 5β-androsterone, as well as 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one or etiocholan-3α-ol-17-one, is an etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid as well as an endogenous 17-ketosteroid that is produced from the metabolism of testosterone. Testosterone and Etiocholanolone are GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators.

See Testosterone and Etiocholanolone

Eurasian Steppe

The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or The Steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome.

See Testosterone and Eurasian Steppe

Evolutionary neuroandrogenic theory

The evolutionary neuroandrogenic (ENA) theory is a conceptual framework which seeks to explain trends in violent and criminal behavior from an evolutionary and biological perspective.

See Testosterone and Evolutionary neuroandrogenic theory

Excretion

Excretion is elimination of metabolic waste, which is an essential process in all organisms.

See Testosterone and Excretion

Facial hair

Facial hair is hair grown on the face, usually on the chin, cheeks, and upper lip region.

See Testosterone and Facial hair

Falling in love

Falling in love is the development of strong feelings of attachment and love, usually towards another person.

See Testosterone and Falling in love

Feces

Feces (or faeces;: faex) are the solid or semi-solid remains of food that was not digested in the small intestine, and has been broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.

See Testosterone and Feces

Feedback

Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.

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Female

An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.

See Testosterone and Female

Female sexual arousal disorder

Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) is a disorder characterized by a persistent or recurrent inability to attain sexual arousal or to maintain arousal until the completion of a sexual activity.

See Testosterone and Female sexual arousal disorder

Fertility

Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring.

See Testosterone and Fertility

First pass effect

The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism at a specific location in the body which leads to a reduction in the concentration of the active drug before it reaches the site of action or systemic circulation.

See Testosterone and First pass effect

Fish

A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.

See Testosterone and Fish

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone. Testosterone and Follicle-stimulating hormone are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, human hormones and sex hormones.

See Testosterone and Follicle-stimulating hormone

Food and Drug Administration

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.

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Functional group

In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.

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GABAA receptor

The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is an ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel.

See Testosterone and GABAA receptor

Gdańsk

Gdańsk is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

See Testosterone and Gdańsk

Gdańsk University of Technology

The Gdańsk University of Technology (Gdańsk Tech, formerly GUT; Politechnika Gdańska) is a university of technology in the Wrzeszcz borough of Gdańsk, and one of the oldest universities in Poland.

See Testosterone and Gdańsk University of Technology

Gel

A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough.

See Testosterone and Gel

Gender dysphoria

Gender dysphoria (GD) is the distress a person experiences due to a mismatch between their gender identitytheir personal sense of their own genderand their sex assigned at birth.

See Testosterone and Gender dysphoria

Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings.

See Testosterone and Gene

Generic drug

A generic drug (or simply generic) is a pharmaceutical drug that contains the same chemical substance as a drug that was originally protected by chemical patents.

See Testosterone and Generic drug

Glucuronidation

Glucuronidation is often involved in drug metabolism of substances such as drugs, pollutants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids, and bile acids.

See Testosterone and Glucuronidation

Glucuronosyltransferase

Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT) is a microsomal glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of the glucuronic acid component of UDP-glucuronic acid to a small hydrophobic molecule.

See Testosterone and Glucuronosyltransferase

Gnathostomata

Gnathostomata (from Ancient Greek: γνάθος 'jaw' + στόμα 'mouth') are the jawed vertebrates.

See Testosterone and Gnathostomata

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a releasing hormone responsible for the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. Testosterone and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and sex hormones.

See Testosterone and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Growth hormone

Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin, also known as human growth hormone (hGH or HGH) in its human form, is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals.

See Testosterone and Growth hormone

Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia (also spelled gynaecomastia) is the abnormal non-cancerous enlargement of one or both breasts in males due to the growth of breast tissue as a result of a hormone imbalance between estrogens and androgens.

See Testosterone and Gynecomastia

Hair follicle

The hair follicle is an organ found in mammalian skin.

See Testosterone and Hair follicle

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed.

See Testosterone and Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Health system

A health system, health care system or healthcare system is an organization of people, institutions, and resources that delivers health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.

See Testosterone and Health system

Heart failure

Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood.

See Testosterone and Heart failure

Hepatotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity (from hepatic toxicity) implies chemical-driven liver damage.

See Testosterone and Hepatotoxicity

Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.

See Testosterone and Hormone

Hormone replacement therapy

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), also known as menopausal hormone therapy or postmenopausal hormone therapy, is a form of hormone therapy used to treat symptoms associated with female menopause.

See Testosterone and Hormone replacement therapy

Human height

Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.

See Testosterone and Human height

Human penis

In human anatomy, the penis (penises or penes; from the Latin pēnis, initially "tail") is an external male sex organ (intromittent organ) that serves as a passage for excretion of urine and ejaculation of semen.

See Testosterone and Human penis

Human serum albumin

Human serum albumin is the serum albumin found in human blood.

See Testosterone and Human serum albumin

Human voice

The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal tract, including talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, shouting, humming or yelling.

See Testosterone and Human voice

Hydroxy group

In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom.

See Testosterone and Hydroxy group

Hydroxylation

In chemistry, hydroxylation can refer to.

See Testosterone and Hydroxylation

Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism is a medical condition characterized by high levels of androgens. Testosterone and Hyperandrogenism are anabolic–androgenic steroids.

See Testosterone and Hyperandrogenism

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), hyposexuality or inhibited sexual desire (ISD) is sometimes considered a sexual dysfunction, and is characterized as a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity, as judged by a clinician.

See Testosterone and Hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Hypogonadism

Hypogonadism means diminished functional activity of the gonads—the testicles or the ovaries—that may result in diminished production of sex hormones.

See Testosterone and Hypogonadism

Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA axis or HTPA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among three components: the hypothalamus (a part of the brain located below the thalamus), the pituitary gland (a pea-shaped structure located below the hypothalamus), and the adrenal (also called "suprarenal") glands (small, conical organs on top of the kidneys). Testosterone and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis are Neuroendocrinology.

See Testosterone and Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis

Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis, also known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian/testicular axis) refers to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonadal glands as if these individual endocrine glands were a single entity. Testosterone and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis are Neuroendocrinology.

See Testosterone and Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus (hypothalami) is a small part of the vertebrate brain that contains a number of nuclei with a variety of functions. Testosterone and hypothalamus are Neuroendocrinology.

See Testosterone and Hypothalamus

Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.

See Testosterone and Inflammation

Interleukin 1 beta

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) also known as leukocytic pyrogen, leukocytic endogenous mediator, mononuclear cell factor, lymphocyte activating factor and other names, is a cytokine protein that in humans is encoded by the IL1B gene.

See Testosterone and Interleukin 1 beta

Interleukin 6

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin that acts as both a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine.

See Testosterone and Interleukin 6

International unit

In pharmacology, the international unit (IU) is a unit of measurement for the effect or biological activity of a substance, for the purpose of easier comparison across similar forms of substances.

See Testosterone and International unit

Intramuscular injection

Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle.

See Testosterone and Intramuscular injection

Jaw

The jaws are a pair of opposable articulated structures at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food.

See Testosterone and Jaw

Ketone

In organic chemistry, a ketone is an organic compound with the structure, where R and R' can be a variety of carbon-containing substituents.

See Testosterone and Ketone

Ketosteroid

Androstenedione Androsterone Estrone A ketosteroid, or an oxosteroid, is a steroid in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced with a ketone (C.

See Testosterone and Ketosteroid

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.

See Testosterone and Kyrgyzstan

Lamprey

Lampreys (sometimes inaccurately called lamprey eels) are a group of jawless fish comprising the order Petromyzontiformes.

See Testosterone and Lamprey

Late-onset hypogonadism

Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) or testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is a term for a condition in older men characterized by measurably low testosterone levels and clinical symptoms mostly of a sexual nature, including decreased desire for mating, fewer spontaneous erections, and erectile dysfunction.

See Testosterone and Late-onset hypogonadism

Latvia

Latvia (Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

See Testosterone and Latvia

Leg hair

Leg hair is hair that grows on the legs of humans, generally appearing after the onset of puberty.

See Testosterone and Leg hair

Leopold Ružička

Leopold Ružička (born Lavoslav Stjepan Ružička; 13 September 1887 – 26 September 1976) was a Croatian-Swiss scientist and joint winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" "including the first chemical synthesis of male sex hormones." He worked most of his life in Switzerland, and received eight doctorates honoris causa in science, medicine, and law; seven prizes and medals; and twenty-four honorary memberships in chemical, biochemical, and other scientific societies.

See Testosterone and Leopold Ružička

Leydig cell

Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of the testes and interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testicle and produce testosterone in the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH).

See Testosterone and Leydig cell

Libido

In psychology, libido (from the Latin, 'desire') is psychic drive or energy, usually conceived as sexual in nature, but sometimes conceived as including other forms of desire. Testosterone and libido are estrogens.

See Testosterone and Libido

Life extension

Life extension is the concept of extending the human lifespan, either modestly through improvements in medicine or dramatically by increasing the maximum lifespan beyond its generally-settled biological limit of around 125 years.

See Testosterone and Life extension

Ligand (biochemistry)

In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.

See Testosterone and Ligand (biochemistry)

Lipid

Lipids are a broad group of organic compounds which include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.

See Testosterone and Lipid

Lipophilicity

Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly") is the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.

See Testosterone and Lipophilicity

Lipopolysaccharide

Lipopolysaccharide, now more commonly known as Endotoxin, is a collective term for components of the outermost membrane of cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella.

See Testosterone and Lipopolysaccharide

Liquorice

Liquorice (British English) or licorice (American English) is the common name of Glycyrrhiza glabra, a flowering plant of the bean family Fabaceae, from the root of which a sweet, aromatic flavouring is extracted. The liquorice plant is an herbaceous perennial legume native to West Asia, North Africa, and Southern Europe.

See Testosterone and Liquorice

List of androgen esters

This is a list of androgen esters, including esters (as well as ethers) of natural androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and synthetic anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) like nandrolone (19-nortestosterone). Testosterone and list of androgen esters are anabolic–androgenic steroids.

See Testosterone and List of androgen esters

List of androgens and anabolic steroids

This is a list of androgens/anabolic steroids (AAS) or testosterone derivatives. Testosterone and list of androgens and anabolic steroids are anabolic–androgenic steroids.

See Testosterone and List of androgens and anabolic steroids

List of human hormones

The following is a list of hormones found in Homo sapiens. Testosterone and list of human hormones are human hormones.

See Testosterone and List of human hormones

Live Science

Live Science is a science news website.

See Testosterone and Live Science

Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

See Testosterone and Liver

Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor

The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) was first identified in 1973 as the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (LNGFR) before discovery that p75NTR bound other neurotrophins equally well as nerve growth factor.

See Testosterone and Low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor

Low-fat diet

A low-fat diet is one that restricts fat, and often saturated fat and cholesterol as well.

See Testosterone and Low-fat diet

Luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as luteinising hormone, lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Testosterone and Luteinizing hormone are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, human hormones and sex hormones.

See Testosterone and Luteinizing hormone

Male

Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilisation.

See Testosterone and Male

Male reproductive system

The male reproductive system consists of a number of sex organs that play a role in the process of human reproduction.

See Testosterone and Male reproductive system

Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

See Testosterone and Mammal

Masturbation

Masturbation is a form of autoeroticism in which a person sexually stimulates their own genitals for sexual arousal or other sexual pleasure, usually to the point of orgasm.

See Testosterone and Masturbation

Medication

A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

See Testosterone and Medication

Megakaryocyte

A megakaryocyte (mega- + karyo- + -cyte, "large-nucleus cell") is a large bone marrow cell with a lobated nucleus that produces blood platelets (thrombocytes), which are necessary for normal clotting.

See Testosterone and Megakaryocyte

Membrane androgen receptor

Membrane androgen receptors (mARs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which bind and are activated by testosterone and/or other androgens.

See Testosterone and Membrane androgen receptor

Menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is a series of natural changes in hormone production and the structures of the uterus and ovaries of the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible.

See Testosterone and Menstrual cycle

Meta-analysis

Meta-analysis is the statistical combination of the results of multiple studies addressing a similar research question.

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Metabolic pathway

In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.

See Testosterone and Metabolic pathway

Metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

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Metabolism

Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.

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Metabolite

In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism.

See Testosterone and Metabolite

Methods in Molecular Biology

Methods in Molecular Biology is a book series published by Humana Press (an imprint of Springer Science+Business Media) that covers molecular biology research methods and protocols.

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Mitochondrion

A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.

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Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.

See Testosterone and Mongolia

Mortality rate

Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.

See Testosterone and Mortality rate

Moustache

A moustache (mustache) is a growth of facial hair grown above the upper lip and under the nose.

See Testosterone and Moustache

Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue, one of the four basic types of animal tissue.

See Testosterone and Muscle

Nasal administration

Nasal administration, popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose.

See Testosterone and Nasal administration

The navel (clinically known as the umbilicus;: umbilici or umbilicuses; commonly known as the belly button or tummy button) is a protruding, flat, or hollowed area on the abdomen at the attachment site of the umbilical cord.

See Testosterone and Navel

Nerve growth factor

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide primarily involved in the regulation of growth, maintenance, proliferation, and survival of certain target neurons.

See Testosterone and Nerve growth factor

Neuroscience of sex differences

The neuroscience of sex differences is the study of characteristics that separate brains of different sexes.

See Testosterone and Neuroscience of sex differences

Neurotrophin

Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that induce the survival, development, and function of neurons.

See Testosterone and Neurotrophin

Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.

See Testosterone and Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Novartis

Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland.

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Nucleotide

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

See Testosterone and Nucleotide

Off-label use

Off-label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration.

See Testosterone and Off-label use

Old World sparrow

Old World sparrows are a group of small passerine birds forming the family Passeridae.

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Oral administration

| name.

See Testosterone and Oral administration

Oral contraceptive pill

Oral contraceptives, abbreviated OCPs, also known as birth control pills, are medications taken by mouth for the purpose of birth control.

See Testosterone and Oral contraceptive pill

Organon & Co.

Organon & Co. is an American pharmaceutical company headquartered in Jersey City, New Jersey.

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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk.

See Testosterone and Osteoporosis

Ovary

The ovary is a gonad in the female reproductive system that produces ova.

See Testosterone and Ovary

Pattern hair loss

Pattern hair loss (also known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA)) is a hair loss condition that primarily affects the top and front of the scalp.

See Testosterone and Pattern hair loss

Performance-enhancing substance

Performance-enhancing substances, also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans.

See Testosterone and Performance-enhancing substance

Phallus

A phallus (phalli or phalluses) is a penis (especially when erect), an object that resembles a penis, or a mimetic image of an erect penis.

See Testosterone and Phallus

Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland or hypophysis is an endocrine gland in vertebrates. Testosterone and pituitary gland are Neuroendocrinology.

See Testosterone and Pituitary gland

Placenta

The placenta (placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.

See Testosterone and Placenta

Plasma protein

Plasma proteins, sometimes referred to as blood proteins, are proteins present in blood plasma.

See Testosterone and Plasma protein

Plasma protein binding

Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to blood proteins within the blood plasma.

See Testosterone and Plasma protein binding

Platelet

Platelets or thrombocytes are a blood component whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.

See Testosterone and Platelet

Polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome, or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age.

See Testosterone and Polycystic ovary syndrome

Postpartum period

The postpartum (or postnatal) period begins after childbirth and is typically considered to last for six weeks.

See Testosterone and Postpartum period

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb).

See Testosterone and Pregnancy

Pregnenolone

Pregnenolone (P5), or pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, is an endogenous steroid and precursor/metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of most of the steroid hormones, including the progestogens, androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.

See Testosterone and Pregnenolone

Prostate

The prostate is both an accessory gland of the male reproductive system and a muscle-driven mechanical switch between urination and ejaculation.

See Testosterone and Prostate

Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system below the bladder.

See Testosterone and Prostate cancer

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

See Testosterone and Protein

Protein biosynthesis

Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins.

See Testosterone and Protein biosynthesis

Pubarche

Pubarche refers to the first appearance of pubic hair at puberty and it also marks the beginning of puberty.

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Puberty

Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.

See Testosterone and Puberty

Pubic hair

Pubic hair (or pubes) is terminal body hair that is found in the genital area of adolescent and adult humans.

See Testosterone and Pubic hair

Rapid eye movement sleep

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals (including humans) and birds, characterized by random rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.

See Testosterone and Rapid eye movement sleep

Receptor (biochemistry)

In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems.

See Testosterone and Receptor (biochemistry)

Receptor antagonist

A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.

See Testosterone and Receptor antagonist

Redox

Redox (reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change.

See Testosterone and Redox

Reference range

In medicine and health-related fields, a reference range or reference interval is the range or the interval of values that is deemed normal for a physiological measurement in healthy persons (for example, the amount of creatinine in the blood, or the partial pressure of oxygen).

See Testosterone and Reference range

Reference ranges for blood tests

Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples.

See Testosterone and Reference ranges for blood tests

Response element

Response elements are short sequences of DNA within a gene promoter or enhancer region that are able to bind specific transcription factors and regulate transcription of genes.

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Reversible reaction

A reversible reaction is a reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and the conversion of products to reactants occur simultaneously.

See Testosterone and Reversible reaction

Rugae

In anatomy, rugae (ruga) are a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ.

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Schering AG

Schering AG was a research-centered German multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Wedding, Berlin, which operated as an independent company from 1851 to 2006.

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Scrotum

In most terrestrial mammals, the scrotum (scrotums or scrota; possibly from Latin scortum, meaning "hide" or "skin") or scrotal sac is a part of the external male genitalia located at the base of the penis.

See Testosterone and Scrotum

Sebaceous gland

A sebaceous gland or oil gland is a microscopic exocrine gland in the skin that opens into a hair follicle to secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, which lubricates the hair and skin of mammals.

See Testosterone and Sebaceous gland

Secondary sex characteristic

A secondary sex characteristic is a physical characteristic of an organism that is related to or derived from its sex, but not directly part of its reproductive system.

See Testosterone and Secondary sex characteristic

Seminal vesicles

The seminal vesicles (also called vesicular glands or seminal glands) are a pair of convoluted tubular accessory glands that lie behind the urinary bladder of male mammals.

See Testosterone and Seminal vesicles

Sertoli cell

Sertoli cells are a type of sustentacular "nurse" cell found in human testes which contribute to the process of spermatogenesis (the production of sperm) as a structural component of the seminiferous tubules.

See Testosterone and Sertoli cell

Sex

Sex is the biological trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces male or female gametes.

See Testosterone and Sex

Sex hormone

Sex hormones, also known as sex steroids, gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. Testosterone and sex hormone are hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and sex hormones.

See Testosterone and Sex hormone

Sex hormone-binding globulin

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or sex steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to androgens and estrogens.

See Testosterone and Sex hormone-binding globulin

Sex organ

A sex organ, also known as a reproductive organ, is a part of an organism that is involved in sexual reproduction.

See Testosterone and Sex organ

Sexual differentiation

Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the sex differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote.

See Testosterone and Sexual differentiation

Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.

See Testosterone and Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or partners during any stage of normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal, or orgasm.

See Testosterone and Sexual dysfunction

Side effect

In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is unintended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug.

See Testosterone and Side effect

Sideburns

Sideburns, sideboards, or side whiskers are facial hair grown on the sides of the face, extending from the hairline to run parallel to or beyond the ears.

See Testosterone and Sideburns

Sigma-1 receptor

The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), one of two sigma receptor subtypes, is a chaperone protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that modulates calcium signaling through the IP3 receptor.

See Testosterone and Sigma-1 receptor

Skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle (commonly referred to as muscle) is one of the three types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

See Testosterone and Skeletal muscle

Skin

Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions: protection, regulation, and sensation.

See Testosterone and Skin

Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

See Testosterone and Slovakia

Spearmint

Spearmint, scientific name Mentha spicata, also known as garden mint, common mint, lamb mint and mackerel mint, is native to Europe and southern temperate Asia, extending from Ireland in the west to southern China in the east.

See Testosterone and Spearmint

Sperm

Sperm (sperm or sperms) is the male reproductive cell, or gamete, in anisogamous forms of sexual reproduction (forms in which there is a larger, female reproductive cell and a smaller, male one).

See Testosterone and Sperm

Sperm competition

Sperm competition is the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg during sexual reproduction.

See Testosterone and Sperm competition

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testicle.

See Testosterone and Spermatogenesis

Spermatogonium

A spermatogonium (spermatogonia) is an undifferentiated male germ cell.

See Testosterone and Spermatogonium

Steroid

A steroid is an organic compound with four fused rings (designated A, B, C, and D) arranged in a specific molecular configuration.

See Testosterone and Steroid

Sterol

Sterol is an organic compound with formula, whose molecule is derived from that of gonane by replacement of a hydrogen atom on C3 position by a hydroxyl group.

See Testosterone and Sterol

Strength training

Strength training, also known as weight training or resistance training, involves the performance of physical exercises that are designed to improve strength and endurance.

See Testosterone and Strength training

Subdermal implant

A subdermal implant is a body modification placed under the skin, allowing the body to heal over the implant and creating a raised design.

See Testosterone and Subdermal implant

Suffix

In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.

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Sulfation

Sulfation is the chemical reaction that entails the addition of SO3 group.

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Sulfotransferase

In biochemistry, sulfotransferases (SULTs) are transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group from a donor molecule to an acceptor alcohol or amine.

See Testosterone and Sulfotransferase

Testicle

A testicle or testis (testes) is the male gonad in all bilaterians, including humans.

See Testosterone and Testicle

Testosterone (medication)

Testosterone (T) is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. Testosterone and Testosterone (medication) are anabolic–androgenic steroids, androstanes, Cyclopentanols, Enones, estrogens and GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators.

See Testosterone and Testosterone (medication)

Testosterone (patch)

The testosterone patch, brand name Intrinsa among others, was designed to treat female sexual dysfunction. Testosterone and testosterone (patch) are anabolic–androgenic steroids.

See Testosterone and Testosterone (patch)

Testosterone and the cardiovascular system

Testosterone and the cardiovascular system are the effects that the male hormone testosterone has on the cardiovascular system.

See Testosterone and Testosterone and the cardiovascular system

Testosterone glucuronide

Testosterone glucuronide is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and minor urinary metabolite of testosterone.

See Testosterone and Testosterone glucuronide

Testosterone sulfate

Testosterone sulfate is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and minor urinary metabolite of testosterone. Testosterone and testosterone sulfate are androstanes.

See Testosterone and Testosterone sulfate

Testosterone undecanoate

Testosterone undecanoate, sold under the brand name Nebido among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication that is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men, It is taken by mouth or given by injection into muscle. Testosterone and testosterone undecanoate are anabolic–androgenic steroids and androstanes.

See Testosterone and Testosterone undecanoate

The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind.

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Theca of follicle

The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the ovarian follicles.

See Testosterone and Theca of follicle

Thromboxane A2

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets during hemostasis and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.

See Testosterone and Thromboxane A2

Thyroid's secretory capacity

Thyroid's secretory capacity (GT, also referred to as thyroid's incretory capacity, maximum thyroid hormone output, T4 output or, if calculated from serum levels of thyrotropin and thyroxine, as SPINA-GT) is the maximum stimulated amount of thyroxine that the thyroid can produce in a given time-unit (e.g.

See Testosterone and Thyroid's secretory capacity

Tissue (biology)

In biology, tissue is an assembly of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same embryonic origin that together carry out a specific function.

See Testosterone and Tissue (biology)

Transdermal

Transdermal is a route of administration wherein active ingredients are delivered across the skin for systemic distribution.

See Testosterone and Transdermal

Transdermal patch

A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream.

See Testosterone and Transdermal patch

Tropomyosin receptor kinase A

Tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), also known as high affinity nerve growth factor receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1, or TRK1-transforming tyrosine kinase protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK1 gene.

See Testosterone and Tropomyosin receptor kinase A

Tumor necrosis factor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin; formerly known as tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα or TNF-α) is a cytokine and member of the TNF superfamily, which consists of various transmembrane proteins with a homologous TNF domain.

See Testosterone and Tumor necrosis factor

Underarm hair

Underarm hair, also known as axillary hair or armpit hair, is the hair in the underarm area (axilla).

See Testosterone and Underarm hair

Urethra

The urethra (urethras or urethrae) is the tube that connects the mammalian urinary bladder to the urinary meatus.

See Testosterone and Urethra

Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.

See Testosterone and Urine

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.

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Vasopressin

Human vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized from the AVP gene as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP. Testosterone and vasopressin are Neuroendocrinology.

See Testosterone and Vasopressin

Vertebrate

Vertebrates are deuterostomal animals with bony or cartilaginous axial endoskeleton — known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone — around and along the spinal cord, including all fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

See Testosterone and Vertebrate

Virilization

Virilization or masculinization is the biological development of adult male characteristics in young males or females.

See Testosterone and Virilization

Vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues.

See Testosterone and Vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and for many other biological effects.

See Testosterone and Vitamin D

Water

Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.

See Testosterone and Water

White blood cell

White blood cells (scientific name leukocytes), also called immune cells or immunocytes, are cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.

See Testosterone and White blood cell

WHO Model List of Essential Medicines

The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (aka Essential Medicines List or EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.

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Word stem

In linguistics, a word stem is a part of a word responsible for its lexical meaning.

See Testosterone and Word stem

World Anti-Doping Agency

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA; Agence mondiale antidopage, AMA) is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against drugs in sports.

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Yakuts

The Yakuts or Sakha (саха,; сахалар) are a Turkic ethnic group native to North Siberia, primarily the Republic of Sakha in the Russian Federation, with some extending to the Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin regions, and the Taymyr and Evenk Districts of the Krasnoyarsk region.

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Zinc deficiency

Zinc deficiency is defined either as insufficient zinc to meet the needs of the body, or as a serum zinc level below the normal range.

See Testosterone and Zinc deficiency

11-Ketotestosterone

11-Ketotestosterone (11-KT) is an oxidized form of testosterone that contains a keto group at the C11 position. Testosterone and 11-Ketotestosterone are anabolic–androgenic steroids, androstanes, hormones of the suprarenal cortex and sex hormones.

See Testosterone and 11-Ketotestosterone

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD, HSD17B), also 17-ketosteroid reductases (17-KSR), are a group of alcohol oxidoreductases which catalyze the reduction of 17-ketosteroids and the dehydrogenation of 17β-hydroxysteroids in steroidogenesis and steroid metabolism.

See Testosterone and 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

3α-Androstanediol

3α-Androstanediol also known as 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol and sometimes shortened in the literature to 3α-diol, is an endogenous steroid hormone and neurosteroid and a metabolite of androgens like dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone and 3α-Androstanediol are anabolic–androgenic steroids, androstanes, estrogens and GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators.

See Testosterone and 3α-Androstanediol

3α-Etiocholanediol

3α-Etiocholanediol, or simply etiocholanediol, also known as 3α,5β-androstanediol or as etiocholane-3α,17β-diol, is a naturally occurring etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid and an endogenous metabolite of testosterone.

See Testosterone and 3α-Etiocholanediol

3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) is an enzyme (1.1.1.50) that plays a role in the metabolism of steroids and non-steroidal compounds in humans and other species, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and so on.

See Testosterone and 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

3β-Androstanediol

3β-Androstanediol, also known as 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol, and sometimes shortened in the literature to 3β-diol, is an endogenous steroid hormone and a metabolite of androgens like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone and 3β-Androstanediol are androstanes and estrogens.

See Testosterone and 3β-Androstanediol

3β-Etiocholanediol

3β-Etiocholanediol, or epietiocholanediol, also known as 3β,5β-androstanediol or as etiocholane-3β,17β-diol, is a naturally occurring etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid and an endogenous metabolite of testosterone.

See Testosterone and 3β-Etiocholanediol

3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase (3β-HSD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of the steroid progesterone from pregnenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone from 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, and androstenedione from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the adrenal gland.

See Testosterone and 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

5α-Reductase

5α-Reductases, also known as 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenases, are enzymes involved in steroid metabolism.

See Testosterone and 5α-Reductase

5β-Dihydrotestosterone

5β-Dihydrotestosterone (5β-DHT), also known as 5β-androstan-17β-ol-3-one or as etiocholan-17β-ol-3-one, is an etiocholane (5β-androstane) steroid as well as an inactive metabolite of testosterone formed by 5β-reductase in the liver and bone marrow and an intermediate in the formation of 3α,5β-androstanediol and 3β,5β-androstanediol (by 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) and, from them, respectively, etiocholanolone and epietiocholanolone (by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase).

See Testosterone and 5β-Dihydrotestosterone

5β-Reductase

5β-Reductase, or Δ4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase (3-oxo-Δ4-steroid 5β-reductase, androstenedione 5β-reductase, cholestenone 5β-reductase, cortisone 5β-reductase, cortisone Δ4-5β-reductase, steroid 5β-reductase, testosterone 5β-reductase, Δ4-3-ketosteroid 5β-reductase, Δ4-5β-reductase, Δ4-hydrogenase, 4,5β-dihydrocortisone:NADP+ Δ4-oxidoreductase, 3-oxo-5β-steroid:NADP+ Δ4-oxidoreductase) is an enzyme with systematic name 5β-cholestan-3-one:NADP+ 4,5-oxidoreductase.

See Testosterone and 5β-Reductase

See also

Cyclopentanols

Hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis

Hormones of the ovary

Hormones of the suprarenal cortex

Hormones of the testis

Human hormones

Sex hormones

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testosterone

Also known as 17-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one, 17β-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one, 4-Testosterone, Androst-4-en-17-ol-3-one, Androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one, Beta Testosterone, Bioavailable testosterone, Biosynthesis of testosterone, Crime and testosterone, Criminality and testosterone, Free testosterone, Male testosterone, Testerone, Testosretone, Testosterone (hormone), Testosterone and crime, Testosterone congeners, Testostrone, Total testosterone, Δ4-Testosterone.

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