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Texas–Indian wars

Index Texas–Indian wars

The Texas–Indian wars were a series of 19th-century conflicts between settlers in Texas and the Southern Plains Indians. [1]

184 relations: Abolitionism, Adai people, Akokisa, Alabama people, Albert Sidney Johnston, Albuquerque, New Mexico, American bison, American Civil War, American Indian Wars, Ancestral Puebloans, Anson Jones, Antelope Hills expedition, Apache, Aranama language, Arapaho, Archaeology, Atakapa, Battle of Bandera Pass, Battle of Dove Creek, Battle of Little Robe Creek, Battle of San Jacinto, Battle of Stone Houses, Bidai, Big Red Meat, Bowl, Buffalo Hump, Caddo, Cattle drives in the United States, Caucasian race, Cavalry tactics, Córdova Rebellion, Central Texas, Charles Goodnight, Cherokee, Cherokee history, Cherokee removal, Cheyenne, Christopher C. Augur, Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas, Colorado, Comanche, Comanche campaign, Comancheria, Comanchero, Conquest (military), Cowboy, Cynthia Ann Parker, David G. Burnet, Department of New Mexico, Dohasan, ..., Earl Van Dorn, Ed Burleson, Edmund J. Davis, Edwards Plateau, English Americans, Equestrianism, Ethnic groups in Europe, Eyeish, Foard County, Texas, Fort Belknap (Texas), Fort Concho, Fort Griffin, Fort Parker, Fort Richardson (Texas), Fort Sill, Fort Worth, Texas, Gonzales, Texas, Goodnight–Loving Trail, Gray County, Texas, Great Plains, Green DeWitt, Guipago, Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition, Hainai, Handbook of Texas, Hardin Richard Runnels, Horseback (Comanche), Human cannibalism, Human migration, Huntsville Unit, Imperialism, Indian removal, Indian Territory, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Iron Jacket, Isatai'i, Jack County, Texas, James Henry Carleton, James W. Parker, John C. Ewers, John O. Meusebach, John Salmon Ford, José Francisco Ruiz, Kadohadacho, Kansas, Karankawa people, Kichai people, Kickapoo people, Killough massacre, Kiowa, Kit Carson, Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Lenape, Linnville, Calhoun County, Texas, Lipan Apache people, Little Buffalo River (Tennessee), Llano Estacado, Maman-ti, Mary Maverick, Mathew Caldwell, Mesoamerica, Meusebach–Comanche Treaty, Mexican Indian Wars, Mexican Texas, Mexican War of Independence, Mexican–American War, Mexico, Mirabeau B. Lamar, Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá, Mississippi embayment, Mississippian culture, Mound Builders, Mow-way, Mukwooru, Mustang, Nacogdoches, Texas, Nacono, Nadaco, New Mexico, New Spain, Oklahoma, Old Owl, Old Three Hundred, Oliver Loving, Pecos River, Pekka Hämäläinen (historian), Philip Sheridan, Placido (Tonkawa leader), Plains Apache, Plains Indians, Platte River, Pre-Columbian era, Quanah Parker, Ranald S. Mackenzie, Red River of the South, Red River War, Republic of Texas, Rio Grande, San Antonio, San Gabriel River (Texas), Santa Anna (Comanche war chief), Satanta (chief), Shawnee, Shoshone, Sitting Bear, Slavery, Sovereign default, Spanish Texas, Stephen F. Austin, T. R. Fehrenbach, Tawakoni, Ten Bears, Teotihuacan, Texas, Texas annexation, Texas Longhorn, Texas Revolution, Timeline of Cherokee history, Tom Green County, Texas, Tonkawa, Tosahwi, Treaty of Bird's Fort, Tribe, U.S. state, United States, United States Congress, United States Constitution, University of New Mexico Press, Waco people, Wichita people, William Tecumseh Sherman, Wyoming, Yojuane, 4th Cavalry Regiment (United States). Expand index (134 more) »

Abolitionism

Abolitionism is a general term which describes the movement to end slavery.

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Adai people

Adai (also Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) is the name of a Native American people of northwestern Louisiana and northeastern Texas with a Southeastern culture.

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Akokisa

The Akokisa were the indigenous tribe that lived on Galveston Bay and the lower Trinity and San Jacinto rivers in Texas, primarily in the present-day Greater Houston area.

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Alabama people

The Alabama or Alibamu (Albaamaha) are a Southeastern culture people of Native Americans, originally from Alabama.

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Albert Sidney Johnston

Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the Texian (''i.e.'' Republic of Texas) Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army.

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Albuquerque, New Mexico

Albuquerque (Beeʼeldííl Dahsinil; Arawageeki; Vakêêke; Gołgéeki) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico.

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American bison

The American bison or simply bison (Bison bison), also commonly known as the American buffalo or simply buffalo, is a North American species of bison that once roamed the grasslands of North America in massive herds.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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American Indian Wars

The American Indian Wars (or Indian Wars) is the collective name for the various armed conflicts fought by European governments and colonists, and later the United States government and American settlers, against various American Indian tribes.

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Ancestral Puebloans

The Ancestral Puebloans were an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado.

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Anson Jones

Anson Jones (January 20, 1798 – January 9, 1858) was a doctor, businessperson, member of Congress, and the fourth and last President of the Republic of Texas, sometimes called the "Architect of Annexation".

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Antelope Hills expedition

The Antelope Hills expedition was a campaign from January-May 1858 by the Texas Rangers and members of other allied Native American tribes against Comanche and Kiowa villages in the Comancheria.

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Apache

The Apache are a group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, which include the Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains and Western Apache.

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Aranama language

Aranama (Araname), also known as Tamique, is an extinct unclassified language of Texas, USA.

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Arapaho

The Arapaho (in French: Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a tribe of Native Americans historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming.

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Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Atakapa

The Atakapa Sturtevant, 659 are an indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, who spoke the Atakapa language and historically lived along the Gulf of Mexico.

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Battle of Bandera Pass

The Battle of Bandera Pass in 1841 marked the turning point of the Texas-Indian wars.

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Battle of Dove Creek

The Battle of Dove Creek was a small engagement during the American Civil War that took place January 8, 1865, along Dove Creek in what is now southwest Tom Green County, Texas.

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Battle of Little Robe Creek

The Battle of Little Robe Creek, also called the Battle of Antelope Hills, took place on May 12, 1858.

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Battle of San Jacinto

The Battle of San Jacinto, fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day Harris County, Texas, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution.

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Battle of Stone Houses

The Battle of Stone Houses was a skirmish between Texas Rangers and a band of Kichai Indians which took place on November 10, 1837.

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Bidai

The Bidai were a tribe of Atakapa Indians from eastern Texas.

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Big Red Meat

Big Red Meat (Comanche piarʉ ekarʉhkapʉ (big red-meat); c. 1820/1825 – January 1, 1875) was a Nokoni Comanche chief.

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Bowl

A bowl is a round, open-top container used in many cultures to serve hot and cold food.

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Buffalo Hump

Buffalo Hump (Comanche potsʉnakwahipʉ "buffalo bull's back") (born ca. late 1790s to early 19th century — died 1870) was a War Chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche Indians.

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Caddo

The Caddo Nation is a confederacy of several Southeastern Native American tribes.

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Cattle drives in the United States

Cattle drives were a major economic activity in the 19th century American West, particularly between 1856 and 1896.

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Caucasian race

The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid or Europid) is a grouping of human beings historically regarded as a biological taxon, which, depending on which of the historical race classifications used, have usually included some or all of the ancient and modern populations of Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia and South Asia.

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Cavalry tactics

For much of history, humans have used some form of cavalry for war and, as a result, cavalry tactics have evolved over time.

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Córdova Rebellion

The Córdova Rebellion, in 1838, was an uprising instigated in and around Nacogdoches, Texas.

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Central Texas

Central Texas is a region in the U.S. state of Texas surrounding Austin and roughly bordered by Brady to Brenham to Seguin to Waco.

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Charles Goodnight

Charles Goodnight (March 5, 1836 – December 12, 1929), also known as Charlie Goodnight, was an American cattle rancher in the American West, perhaps the best known rancher in Texas.

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Cherokee

The Cherokee (translit or translit) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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Cherokee history

Cherokee history draws upon the oral traditions and written history of the Cherokee people, who are currently enrolled in the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, Cherokee Nation, and United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians, living predominantly in North Carolina and Oklahoma.

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Cherokee removal

Cherokee removal, part of the Trail of Tears, refers to the forced relocation between 1836 and 1839 of the Cherokee Nation from their lands in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Alabama to the Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) in the then Western United States, and the resultant deaths along the way and at the end of the movement of an estimated 4000 Cherokee.

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Cheyenne

The Cheyenne are one of the indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and their language is of the Algonquian language family.

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Christopher C. Augur

Christopher Columbus Augur (July 10, 1821 – January 16, 1898) was an American military officer, most noted for his role in the American Civil War.

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Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas

Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas is based upon cultural regions, geography, and linguistics.

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Colorado

Colorado is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.

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Comanche

The Comanche (Nʉmʉnʉʉ) are a Native American nation from the Great Plains whose historic territory, known as Comancheria, consisted of present-day eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and most of northwest Texas and northern Chihuahua.

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Comanche campaign

The Comanche campaign is a general term for military operations by the United States government against the Comanche tribe in the newly settled west.

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Comancheria

The Comancheria (Comanche: Nʉmʉnʉʉ Sookobitʉ, 'Comanche land') is the name commonly given to the region of New Mexico, west Texas and nearby areas occupied by the Comanche before the 1860s.

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Comanchero

The Comancheros were traders based in northern and central New Mexico who made their living by trading with the nomadic Great Plains Indian tribes, in northeastern New Mexico, West Texas, and other parts of the southern plains of North America.

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Conquest (military)

Conquest is the act of military subjugation of an enemy by force of arms.

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Cowboy

A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks.

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Cynthia Ann Parker

Cynthia Ann Parker, or Naduah (Comanche Narua) (– March 1871), was an Anglo-American who was kidnapped in 1836, at the age of about ten (possibly as young as 8 or already over 11 – her birth year is uncertain), by a Comanche war band which had massacred her family's settlement.

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David G. Burnet

David Gouverneur Burnet (April 14, 1788 – December 5, 1870) was an early politician within the Republic of Texas, serving as interim President of Texas (1836 and again in 1841), second Vice President of the Republic of Texas (1839–41), and Secretary of State (1846) for the new state of Texas after it was annexed to the United States of America.

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Department of New Mexico

The Department of New Mexico was a department of the United States Army during the mid-19th century.

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Dohasan

Dohäsan, Dohosan, Tauhawsin, Tohausen, or Touhason (late 1780s to early 1790s – 1866) was a prominent Native American.

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Earl Van Dorn

Earl Van Dorn (September 17, 1820May 7, 1863) was a career United States Army officer and great-nephew of Andrew Jackson, fighting with distinction during the Mexican–American War and against several tribes of Native Americans.

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Ed Burleson

Ed Burleson is a Texas Country singer/songwriter from Denison, Texas.

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Edmund J. Davis

Edmund Jackson Davis (October 2, 1827 – February 24, 1883) was an American lawyer, soldier, and politician.

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Edwards Plateau

The Edwards Plateau is a region of west-central Texas which is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east, the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north, and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west.

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English Americans

English Americans, also referred to as Anglo-Americans, are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England, a country that is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Equestrianism

Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, horseman, horse), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.

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Ethnic groups in Europe

The Indigenous peoples of Europe are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various indigenous groups that reside in the nations of Europe.

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Eyeish

The Eyeish were a Native American tribe from present-day eastern Texas.

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Foard County, Texas

Foard County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Fort Belknap (Texas)

Fort Belknap, located near Newcastle, Texas, was established in November 1851Carter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Enyon Printing Co., p. 49 by brevet Brigadier William G. Belknap to protect the Texas frontier against raids by the Kiowa and Comanche.

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Fort Concho

Fort Concho is a National Historic Landmark owned and operated since 1935 by the city of San Angelo, the seat of Tom Green County in West Texas.

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Fort Griffin

Fort Griffin, now a Texas State Historic Site, was a US Cavalry fort established 31 July 1867 by four companies of the Sixth Cavalry, U.S. ArmyCarter, R.G., On the Border with Mackenzie, 1935, Washington D.C.: Enyon Printing Co., p. 49 under the command of Lt.

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Fort Parker

The Fort Laramie Indian Treaty of 1868, which closed travel on the Bozeman Trail and the Yellowstone Valley, stipulated that the re-defined Crow Reserve would have a new “centerpoint” or agency for the Crow.

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Fort Richardson (Texas)

Fort Richardson was a United States Army installation located in present-day Jacksboro, Texas.

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Fort Sill

Fort Sill, Oklahoma is a United States Army post north of Lawton, Oklahoma, about 85 miles southwest of Oklahoma City.

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Fort Worth, Texas

Fort Worth is the 15th-largest city in the United States and the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas.

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Gonzales, Texas

Gonzales is a city in Gonzales County, Texas, United States.

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Goodnight–Loving Trail

The Goodnight–Loving Trail was a trail used in the cattle drives of the late 1860s for the large-scale movement of Texas Longhorns.

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Gray County, Texas

Gray County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Great Plains

The Great Plains (sometimes simply "the Plains") is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe, and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie in the United States and east of the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. and Canada.

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Green DeWitt

Green DeWitt (February 12, 1787 – May 18, 1835) was an empresario in Mexican Texas.

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Guipago

Guipago (Gui-pah-gho, or Lone Wolf) (c. 1820 – July 1879) was the last Principal Chief of the Kiowa tribe.

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Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition

The Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition was an 1812–13 joint Mexican-US filibustering expedition against Spanish Texas during the early years of the Mexican War of Independence.

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Hainai

Hainai (Caddo: Háynay) is the name of a Native American tribe that lived in what is now east Texas.

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Handbook of Texas

The Handbook of Texas is a comprehensive encyclopedia of Texas geography, history, and historical persons published by the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA).

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Hardin Richard Runnels

Hardin Richard Runnels (August 30, 1820 – December 25, 1873) was a U.S. political figure.

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Horseback (Comanche)

Horseback (Comanche, Tʉhʉya Kwahipʉ "horse back") was a Nokoni Comanche chief.

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Human cannibalism

Human cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings.

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Human migration

Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a new location.

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Huntsville Unit

Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville or Huntsville Unit (HV), nicknamed "Walls Unit", is a Texas state prison located in Huntsville, Texas, United States.

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Imperialism

Imperialism is a policy that involves a nation extending its power by the acquisition of lands by purchase, diplomacy or military force.

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Indian removal

Indian removal was a forced migration in the 19th century whereby Native Americans were forced by the United States government to leave their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, specifically to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, modern Oklahoma).

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Indian Territory

As general terms, Indian Territory, the Indian Territories, or Indian country describe an evolving land area set aside by the United States Government for the relocation of Native Americans who held aboriginal title to their land.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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Iron Jacket

Iron Jacket (Pohebits-quasho, Po-hebitsquash, Pro-he-bits-quash-a, Po-bish-e-quasho in Comanche) (born c. late 1780s or early 1790sdied 1858) was a Native American War Chief and Chief of the Comanche Indians.

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Isatai'i

Isatai'i (Comanche isa 'wolf or coyote' + tai'i 'vagina') or Isatai (c.1840 – 1916) was a Comanche warrior and medicine man of the Kwaharʉ band.

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Jack County, Texas

Jack County is a county located in the north central part of the U.S. state of Texas.

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James Henry Carleton

James Henry Carleton (December 27, 1814 – January 7, 1873) was an officer in the U.S. Army and a Union general during the American Civil War.

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James W. Parker

James W. Parker (July 4, 1797 - died 1864) was the uncle of Cynthia Ann Parker and the great uncle of Quanah Parker, last chief of the Comanches.

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John C. Ewers

John Canfield Ewers (July 21, 1909 – May 7, 1997) was an American ethnologist and museum curator.

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John O. Meusebach

John O. Meusebach (May 26, 1812 – May 27, 1897), born Otfried Hans Freiherr von Meusebach, was at first a Prussian bureaucrat, later an American farmer and politician who served in the Texas Senate, District 22.

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John Salmon Ford

John Salmon Ford (May 26, 1815 – November 3, 1897), better known as "Rip" Ford, was a member of the Republic of Texas Congress and later of the State Senate, and mayor of Brownsville, Texas.

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José Francisco Ruiz

José Francisco "Francis" Ruiz (ca. January 29, 1783 – January 19, 1840) was a soldier, educator, politician, Republic of Texas Senator, and revolutionary.

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Kadohadacho

The Kadohadacho (Caddo: Kadawdáachuh) are a Native American tribe within the Caddo Confederacy.

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Kansas

Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.

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Karankawa people

The Karankawa (also known as Carancahuas, Carancahuases, Carancouas, Caranhouas, Caronkawa) were a Native American people concentrated in southern Texas along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

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Kichai people

The Kichai tribe (also Keechi or Kitsai) was a Native American Southern Plains tribe that lived in Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma.

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Kickapoo people

The Kickapoo people (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American and Indigenous Mexican tribe.

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Killough massacre

The Killough Massacre is believed to have been both the largest and last Native American attack on white settlers in East Texas.

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Kiowa

Kiowa people are a Native American tribe and an indigenous people of the Great Plains.

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Kit Carson

Christopher Houston Carson (December 24, 1809 – May 23, 1868), better known as Kit Carson, was an American frontiersman.

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Lawrence Sullivan Ross

Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross (September 27, 1838January 3, 1898) was the 19th Governor of Texas, a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War, and a president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, now called Texas A&M University.

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Lenape

The Lenape, also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in Canada and the United States.

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Linnville, Calhoun County, Texas

Linnville, Texas was a town in the Republic of Texas, in what is now Calhoun County.

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Lipan Apache people

Lipan Apache are Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) Native Americans whose traditional territory included present-day Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and the northern Mexican states of Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas prior to the 17th century.

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Little Buffalo River (Tennessee)

The Little Buffalo River is an U.S. Geological Survey.

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Llano Estacado

Llano Estacado, often translated as Staked Plains, is a region in the Southwestern United States that encompasses parts of eastern New Mexico and northwestern Texas.

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Maman-ti

Mamanti ("He Walking-above", "Sky Walker"), also known as Swan (ca. 1835–July 28, 1875) was a Kiowa medicine man.

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Mary Maverick

Mary Ann Adams Maverick (March 16, 1818 – February 24, 1898), was an early Texas pioneer and author of memoirs which form an important source of information about daily life in and around San Antonio during the Republic of Texas period through the American Civil War.

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Mathew Caldwell

Matthew Caldwell, (March 8, 1798 – December 28, 1842), also spelled Mathew Caldwell was a 19th-century Texas settler, military figure, Captain of the Gonzales – Seguin Rangers and a signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence.

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Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Meusebach–Comanche Treaty

The Meusebach–Comanche Treaty was a treaty made on May 9, 1847 between the private citizens of the Fisher-Miller Land Grant in Texas (United States), who were predominantly German in nationality, and the Penateka Comanche Tribe.

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Mexican Indian Wars

The Mexican Indian Wars refer to a series of conflicts fought between Spanish, and later Mexican, Guatemalan, Honduran, Salvadoran and Belizean forces against Amerindians in what is now called Mexico and surrounding areas such as Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Southern/Western United States.

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Mexican Texas

Mexican Texas is the historiographical name used to refer to the era of Texan history between 1821 and 1836, when it was part of Mexico.

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Mexican War of Independence

The Mexican War of Independence (Guerra de Independencia de México) was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain.

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Mexican–American War

The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War in the United States and in Mexico as the American intervention in Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Mexico) from 1846 to 1848.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Mirabeau B. Lamar

Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (August 16, 1798 – December 19, 1859), an attorney born in Georgia, became a Texas politician, poet, diplomat and soldier.

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Mission Santa Cruz de San Sabá

Mission Santa Cruz de San Saba was one of the Spanish missions in Texas.

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Mississippi embayment

The Mississippi Embayment is a physiographic feature in the south-central United States, part of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain.

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Mississippian culture

The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American civilization archeologists date from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, varying regionally.

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Mound Builders

The various cultures collectively termed Mound Builders were inhabitants of North America who, during a 5,000-year period, constructed various styles of earthen mounds for religious, ceremonial, burial, and elite residential purposes.

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Mow-way

Mow-way (c. 1825–1886) (usually referred by European settlers as "Shaking Hand" or "Hand Shaker", but more correctly as "Pushing-aside", "Pushing-in-the-middle" or "Breaking-in-the-middle"), was the principal leader and war chief of the Kotsoteka band of the Comanche during the 1860s and 1870s, following the deaths of Kuhtsu-tiesuat (known as 'Little Buffalo') in 1864 and Tasacowadi (known as "Big Cougar" or "Big Spotted Cat") in 1872.

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Mukwooru

Mukwoorʉ (based on Comanche mukua "spirit") (Spirit Talker) (Death March 19, 1840) was a 19th-century Penateka Comanche Chief and medicine man in Central Texas.

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Mustang

The mustang is a free-roaming horse of the American west that first descended from horses brought to the Americas by the Spanish.

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Nacogdoches, Texas

Nacogdoches is a small city situated in East Texas and the county seat of Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States.

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Nacono

The Nacono were a Native American tribe from eastern Texas.

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Nadaco

The Nadaco, also commonly known as the Anadarko, are a Native American tribe from eastern Texas.

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New Mexico

New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.

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New Spain

The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de la Nueva España) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Old Owl

Old Owl (Comanche, Mupitsukupʉ) (c. late 1780s – 1849) was a Native American Civil Chief of the Penateka band of the Comanche Indians.

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Old Three Hundred

The Old Three Hundred were the 297 grantees, made up of families and some partnerships of unmarried men, who purchased 307 parcels of land from Stephen Fuller Austin and established a colony that encompassed an area that ran from the Gulf of Mexico on the south, to near present-day Jones Creek, Brazoria county Texas, Brenham in Washington County, Texas, Navasota in Grimes County, and La Grange in Fayette County.

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Oliver Loving

Oliver Loving (December 4, 1812 – September 25, 1867) was a rancher and cattle driver.

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Pecos River

The Pecos River is a river that originates in eastern New Mexico and flows into Texas, emptying into the Rio Grande.

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Pekka Hämäläinen (historian)

Pekka Kalevi Hämäläinen (born 1967, Helsinki) is a Finnish professor, currently a Rhodes Professor at the University of Oxford, formerly in the History Department at University of California at Santa Barbara, and author of a multiple prize-winning book, The Comanche Empire.

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Philip Sheridan

Philip Henry Sheridan (March 6, 1831 – August 5, 1888) was a career United States Army officer and a Union general in the American Civil War.

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Placido (Tonkawa leader)

Plácido (ca. 1788-1862) was major Native American Chief of the Tonkawa Indians in Texas during the Spanish and Mexican rule, the Republic of Texas era, and with Texas as part of the United States.

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Plains Apache

The Plains Apache are a small Southern Athabaskan group who traditionally live on the Southern Plains of North America, in close association with the linguistically unrelated Kiowa nation, and today are centered in Southwestern Oklahoma.

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Plains Indians

Plains Indians, Interior Plains Indians or Indigenous people of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nation band governments who have traditionally lived on the greater Interior Plains (i.e. the Great Plains and the Canadian Prairies) in North America.

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Platte River

The Platte River is a major river in the state of Nebraska and is about long.

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Pre-Columbian era

The Pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period.

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Quanah Parker

Quanah Parker (Comanche kwana, "smell, odor") (– February 20, 1911) was a Comanche war leader of the Quahadi ("Antelope") band of the Comanche people.

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Ranald S. Mackenzie

Ranald Slidell Mackenzie, also called Bad Hand, (July 27, 1840 – January 19, 1889) was a career United States Army officer and general in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

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Red River of the South

The Red River, or sometimes the Red River of the South, is a major river in the southern United States of America. The river was named for the red-bed country of its watershed. It is one of several rivers with that name. Although it was once a tributary of the Mississippi River, the Red River is now a tributary of the Atchafalaya River, a distributary of the Mississippi that flows separately into the Gulf of Mexico. It is connected to the Mississippi River by the Old River Control Structure. The south bank of the Red River formed part of the US–Mexico border from the Adams–Onís Treaty (in force 1821) until the Texas Annexation and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The Red River is the second-largest river basin in the southern Great Plains. It rises in two branches in the Texas Panhandle and flows east, where it acts as the border between the states of Texas and Oklahoma. It forms a short border between Texas and Arkansas before entering Arkansas, turning south near Fulton, Arkansas, and flowing into Louisiana, where it flows into the Atchafalaya River. The total length of the river is, with a mean flow of over at the mouth.

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Red River War

The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory.

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Republic of Texas

The Republic of Texas (República de Tejas) was an independent sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846.

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Rio Grande

The Rio Grande (or; Río Bravo del Norte, or simply Río Bravo) is one of the principal rivers in the southwest United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Colorado River).

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San Antonio

San Antonio (Spanish for "Saint Anthony"), officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States.

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San Gabriel River (Texas)

The San Gabriel River is a river that flows through central Texas.

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Santa Anna (Comanche war chief)

Santa Anna (c. 1800 – 1849) was a Native American War Chief of the Penateka tribe of the Comanche Indians.

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Satanta (chief)

Satanta (Set'tainte or White Bear) (ca. 1820 – October 11, 1878) was a Kiowa war chief.

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Shawnee

The Shawnee (Shaawanwaki, Ša˙wano˙ki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki) are an Algonquian-speaking ethnic group indigenous to North America. In colonial times they were a semi-migratory Native American nation, primarily inhabiting areas of the Ohio Valley, extending from what became Ohio and Kentucky eastward to West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland; south to Alabama and South Carolina; and westward to Indiana, and Illinois. Pushed west by European-American pressure, the Shawnee migrated to Missouri and Kansas, with some removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. Other Shawnee did not remove to Oklahoma until after the Civil War. Made up of different historical and kinship groups, today there are three federally recognized Shawnee tribes, all headquartered in Oklahoma: the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, and Shawnee Tribe.

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Shoshone

The Shoshone or Shoshoni are a Native American tribe with four large cultural/linguistic divisions.

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Sitting Bear

Satank (Set-angya or Set-ankeah, translated as chief Topinabee A quiet Sitting Bear), was a prestigious Kiowa warrior and medicine man.

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Slavery

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.

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Sovereign default

A sovereign default is the failure or refusal of the government of a sovereign state to pay back its debt in full.

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Spanish Texas

Spanish Texas was one of the interior provinces of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1690 until 1821.

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Stephen F. Austin

Stephen Fuller Austin (November 3, 1793 – December 27, 1836) was an American empresario.

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T. R. Fehrenbach

Theodore Reed "T.

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Tawakoni

The Tawakoni (already known as Tahuacano in the first times of their contacts with white people) are a Native American tribe closely related to the Wichitas and who spoke a Wichita dialect of the Caddoan language family.

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Ten Bears

Ten Bears (Comanche Pawʉʉrasʉmʉnurʉ) (ca. 1790-November 23, 1872) was the principal chief of the Yamparika or "Root Eater" division of the Comanche from ca.

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Teotihuacan

Teotihuacan, (in Spanish: Teotihuacán), is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, located in the State of Mexico northeast of modern-day Mexico City, known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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Texas annexation

The Texas Annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845.

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Texas Longhorn

The Texas Longhorn is a breed of cattle known for its characteristic horns, which can extend to over tip to tip for bulls, and tip to tip for steers and exceptional cows.

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Texas Revolution

The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos (Texas Mexicans) in putting up armed resistance to the centralist government of Mexico.

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Timeline of Cherokee history

This timeline (present) events in the history of the Cherokee Nation, from its earliest appearance in historical records to modern court cases in the United States.

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Tom Green County, Texas

Tom Green County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Tonkawa

The Tonkawa are a Native American tribe indigenous to present-day Oklahoma and Texas.

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Tosahwi

Tosahwi (White Knife) was a Penateka Comanche chief.

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Treaty of Bird's Fort

The Treaty of Bird’s Fort, or Bird’s Fort Treaty was a peace treaty between the Republic of Texas and some of the Indian tribes of Texas and Oklahoma, signed on September 29, 1843.

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Tribe

A tribe is viewed developmentally, economically and historically as a social group existing outside of or before the development of states.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Constitution

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.

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University of New Mexico Press

The University of New Mexico Press, founded in 1929, is a university press that is part of the University of New Mexico.

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Waco people

The Waco (also spelled Huaco and Hueco) of the Wichita people is a Midwestern Native American tribe that inhabited northeastern Texas.

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Wichita people

The Wichita people are a confederation of Midwestern Native Americans.

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William Tecumseh Sherman

William Tecumseh Sherman (February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author.

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Wyoming

Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.

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Yojuane

The Yojuane were a people who lived in Texas in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.

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4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)

The 4th Cavalry Regiment is a United States Army cavalry regiment, whose lineage is traced back to the mid-19th century.

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Redirects here:

Texas-Indian Wars, Texas-Indian wars, Texas–Indian Wars, Texas—Indian Wars, Warren Wagontrain Raid.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas–Indian_wars

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