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208 relations: American Civil War, American Revolutionary War, And did those feet in ancient time, Artisan, Ashton Canal, Asia, Battle of Plassey, Beam engine, Bengal, Bengal Subah, Beverly Cotton Manufactory, Beverly, Massachusetts, Birmingham, Blackburn, Blackstone Valley, Blast furnace, Bolton, Bridgewater Canal, Bristol, British Raj, Brunswick Mill, Ancoats, Bury, Cabot family, Calico, Calico Acts, Calton weavers, Cambridge University Press, Canal, Carding, Cast iron, Charcoal, Charlotte Brontë, Chartism, Cheshire, Child labour, Chintz, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Coke (fuel), Commerce, Company rule in India, Copper, Cotton, Cotton gin, Cotton mill, Cotton-spinning machinery, CRC Press, Cromford Mill, Cynthia Harrod-Eagles, Das Kapital, David Bellhouse, ..., Deindustrialization, Derbyshire, Derwent Valley Mills, Donkey, Early modern Europe, East India Company, Edmund Cartwright, Eli Whitney, Elizabeth Gaskell, Emigration, Engineering, Flax, Flying shuttle, Foundry, Friedrich Engels, Fustian, Glasgow, Government of the United Kingdom, Hall i' th' Wood, Handsworth, West Midlands, Harvard University, Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802, Henry Cort, Hopedale, Massachusetts, Howard & Bullough, Huguenots, Hydropower, Indian subcontinent, Industrial Revolution, Invention, Ironworks, Israel Thorndike, James Hargreaves, James Watt, Jedediah Strutt, Jeffrey G. Williamson, John Capron, John Esposito, John Fothergill (merchant), John Kay (flying shuttle), John Kay (spinning frame), John Marshall (industrialist), John Wyatt (inventor), Karl Marx, Labor unrest, Lancashire, Lancashire Loom, Lead, Leominster, Lewis Paul, Line shaft, Linen, Listed building, Litton Mill, Liverpool, Loom, Manchester, Manchester cotton warehouses, Marshall's Mill, Mary Barton, Matthew Boulton, Mill town, Mining, Mughal Empire, Mule scavenger, Mumford River, Muslin, Navigation, New England, North and South (Gaskell novel), Northampton, Northrop Loom, Occupational safety and health, Om Prakash (historian), Oxford University Press, Packhorse, Patent, Pennines, Pig iron, Plantation, Potting and stamping, Power loom, Protectionism, Putting-out system, Quarry Bank Mill, Real wages, Richard Arkwright, Richard Roberts (engineer), Richard Trevithick, River Bollin, River Medlock, Robert Peel, Roberts Loom, Routledge, Royal Exchange, Manchester, Royton, Ruhr, Salem Gazette, Samuel Crompton, Samuel Greg, Samuel Slater, Shirley (novel), Shudehill Mill, Silk, Smelting, Soho Foundry, Soho Manufactory, Sough, South Asia, Southern England, Southern United States, Spindle (textiles), Spinning (textiles), Spinning frame, Spinning jenny, Spinning mule, Spinning wheel, Stationary steam engine, Steam engine, Stockport, Stream, Styal, Tariff, Textile, Textile manufacturing, The Morland Dynasty, Thirteen Colonies, Thomas Highs, Thomas Newcomen, Thomas Savery, United States, Uxbridge, Massachusetts, Wage labour, Warez, Warp and weft, Warrington, Water frame, Water wheel, Watermill, Watt steam engine, Weavers' cottage, Weaving, Weaving shed, West Riding of Yorkshire, Whitinsville, Massachusetts, William Blake, William Fairbairn, William Radcliffe, Wool, Woolen, Workhouse, Worsley, Worsted, Wrought iron, Wuppertal, Yarn, 1650–1700 in Western European fashion, 1842 General Strike. Expand index (158 more) »
American Civil War
The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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And did those feet in ancient time
"And did those feet in ancient time" is a poem by William Blake from the preface to his epic Milton: A Poem in Two Books, one of a collection of writings known as the Prophetic Books.
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Artisan
An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.
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Ashton Canal
The Ashton Canal is a canal in Greater Manchester in North West England.
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Asia
Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.
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Battle of Plassey
The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies on 23 June 1757.
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Beam engine
A beam engine is a type of steam engine where a pivoted overhead beam is used to apply the force from a vertical piston to a vertical connecting rod.
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Bengal
Bengal (Bānglā/Bôngô /) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in Asia, which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.
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Bengal Subah
The Bengal Subah was a subdivision of the Mughal Empire encompassing modern Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal between the 16th and 18th centuries.
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Beverly Cotton Manufactory
Beverly Cotton Manufactory was the first cotton mill built in America, and the largest cotton mill to be built during its era.
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Beverly, Massachusetts
Beverly is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, (MA) United States.
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Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England, with an estimated population of 1,101,360, making it the second most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Blackburn
Blackburn is a town in Lancashire, England.
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Blackstone Valley
The Blackstone Valley or Blackstone River Valley is a region of Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
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Blast furnace
A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper.
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Bolton
Bolton (locally) is a town in Greater Manchester in North West England. A former mill town, Bolton has been a production centre for textiles since Flemish weavers settled in the area in the 14th century, introducing a wool and cotton-weaving tradition. The urbanisation and development of the town largely coincided with the introduction of textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. Bolton was a 19th-century boomtown, and at its zenith in 1929 its 216 cotton mills and 26 bleaching and dyeing works made it one of the largest and most productive centres of cotton spinning in the world. The British cotton industry declined sharply after the First World War, and by the 1980s cotton manufacture had virtually ceased in Bolton. Close to the West Pennine Moors, Bolton is northwest of Manchester. It is surrounded by several smaller towns and villages that together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bolton, of which Bolton is the administrative centre. The town of Bolton has a population of 139,403, whilst the wider metropolitan borough has a population of 262,400. Historically part of Lancashire, Bolton originated as a small settlement in the moorland known as Bolton le Moors. In the English Civil War, the town was a Parliamentarian outpost in a staunchly Royalist region, and as a result was stormed by 3,000 Royalist troops led by Prince Rupert of the Rhine in 1644. In what became known as the Bolton Massacre, 1,600 residents were killed and 700 were taken prisoner. Bolton Wanderers football club play home games at the Macron Stadium and the WBA World light-welterweight champion Amir Khan was born in the town. Cultural interests include the Octagon Theatre and the Bolton Museum and Art Gallery, as well as one of the earliest public libraries established after the Public Libraries Act 1850.
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Bridgewater Canal
The Bridgewater Canal connects Runcorn, Manchester and Leigh, in North West England.
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Bristol
Bristol is a city and county in South West England with a population of 456,000.
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British Raj
The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.
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Brunswick Mill, Ancoats
Brunswick Mill, Ancoats is a former cotton spinning mill in Ancoats, Manchester, England.
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Bury
Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England, on the River Irwell east of Bolton, southwest of Rochdale and northwest of Manchester.
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Cabot family
The Cabot family was part of the Boston Brahmin, also known as the "first families of Boston.".
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Calico
Calico (in British usage since 1505) is a plain-woven textile made from unbleached and often not fully processed cotton.
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Calico Acts
The Calico Acts (1700, 1721) banned the import of most cotton textiles into England, followed by the restriction of sale of most cotton textiles.
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Calton weavers
The Calton weavers were a community of handweavers established in the community of Calton, then in Lanarkshire just outside Glasgow, Scotland in the 18th century.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Canal
Canals, or navigations, are human-made channels, or artificial waterways, for water conveyance, or to service water transport vehicles.
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Carding
Carding is a mechanical process that disentangles, cleans and intermixes fibres to produce a continuous web or sliver suitable for subsequent processing.
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Cast iron
Cast iron is a group of iron-carbon alloys with a carbon content greater than 2%.
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Charcoal
Charcoal is the lightweight black carbon and ash residue hydrocarbon produced by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances.
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Charlotte Brontë
Charlotte Brontë (commonly; 21 April 1816 – 31 March 1855) was an English novelist and poet, the eldest of the three Brontë sisters who survived into adulthood and whose novels have become classics of English literature.
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Chartism
Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in Britain that existed from 1838 to 1857.
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Cheshire
Cheshire (archaically the County Palatine of Chester) is a county in North West England, bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south and Flintshire, Wales and Wrexham county borough to the west.
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Child labour
Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.
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Chintz
Chintz (from the plural of chint) was originally glazed calico textiles, initially specifically those imported from India, printed with designs featuring flowers and other patterns in different colours, typically on a light plain background.
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Chorlton-on-Medlock
Chorlton-on-Medlock is an inner city area of Manchester, England.
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Coke (fuel)
Coke is a fuel with a high carbon content and few impurities, usually made from coal.
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Commerce
Commerce relates to "the exchange of goods and services, especially on a large scale.” Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that operate in any country or internationally.
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Company rule in India
Company rule in India (sometimes, Company Raj, "raj, lit. "rule" in Hindi) refers to the rule or dominion of the British East India Company over parts of the Indian subcontinent.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.
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Cotton gin
A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.
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Cotton mill
A cotton mill is a factory housing powered spinning or weaving machinery for the production of yarn or cloth from cotton, an important product during the Industrial Revolution when the early mills were important in the development of the factory system.
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Cotton-spinning machinery
Cotton-spinning machinery refers to machines which process (or spin) prepared cotton roving into workable yarn or thread.
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CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is a publishing group based in the United States that specializes in producing technical books.
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Cromford Mill
Cromford Mills is a multi-use visitor centre, office space and learning venue which is the centrepiece of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Derwent Valley Mills - once the home of the world's first water-powered cotton spinning mill, developed by Richard Arkwright in 1771 in Cromford, Derbyshire, England.
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Cynthia Harrod-Eagles
Cynthia Harrod-Eagles is a British writer of romance and mystery novels.
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Das Kapital
Das Kapital, also known as Capital.
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David Bellhouse
David Bellhouse (1764–1840) was an English builder who did much to shape Victorian-era Manchester, both physically and socially.
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Deindustrialization
Deindustrialization or deindustrialisation is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially heavy industry or manufacturing industry.
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Derbyshire
Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England.
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Derwent Valley Mills
Derwent Valley Mills is a World Heritage Site along the River Derwent in Derbyshire, England, designated in December 2001.
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Donkey
The donkey or ass (Equus africanus asinus) is a domesticated member of the horse family, Equidae.
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Early modern Europe
Early modern Europe is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century.
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East India Company
The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.
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Edmund Cartwright
Edmund Cartwright (24 April 1743 – 30 October 1823) was an English inventor.
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Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney (December 8, 1765 – January 8, 1825) was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin.
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Elizabeth Gaskell
Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, (née Stevenson; 29 September 1810 – 12 November 1865), often referred to as Mrs Gaskell, was an English novelist, biographer, and short story writer.
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Emigration
Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere.
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Engineering
Engineering is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, operation and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations.
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Flax
Flax (Linum usitatissimum), also known as common flax or linseed, is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae.
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Flying shuttle
The flying shuttle was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.
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Foundry
A foundry is a factory that produces metal castings.
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Friedrich Engels
Friedrich Engels (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.;, sometimes anglicised Frederick Engels; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, social scientist, journalist and businessman.
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Fustian
Fustian is a variety of heavy cloth woven from cotton, chiefly prepared for menswear.
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Glasgow
Glasgow (Glesga; Glaschu) is the largest city in Scotland, and third most populous in the United Kingdom.
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Government of the United Kingdom
The Government of the United Kingdom, formally referred to as Her Majesty's Government, is the central government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Hall i' th' Wood
Hall i' th' Wood is an early 16th-century manor house in Bolton, Greater Manchester, England.
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Handsworth, West Midlands
Handsworth is now an inner city, urban area of northwest Birmingham in the West Midlands.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802
The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act 1802 (42 Geo III c.73), sometimes known as the Factory Act 1802, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom designed to improve conditions for apprentices working in cotton mills.
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Henry Cort
Henry Cort (c. 1740 – 23 May 1800) was an English ironmaster.
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Hopedale, Massachusetts
Hopedale is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
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Howard & Bullough
Howard & Bullough was a firm of textile machine manufacturers in Accrington, Lancashire.
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Huguenots
Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.
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Hydropower
Hydropower or water power (from ύδωρ, "water") is power derived from the energy of falling water or fast running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes.
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Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Invention
An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process.
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Ironworks
An ironworks or iron works is a building or site where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made.
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Israel Thorndike
Israel Thorndike (1755–1832) was an American merchant, politician, and industrialist.
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James Hargreaves
James Hargreaves (c. 1720 – 22 April 1778) was a weaver, carpenter and inventor in Lancashire, England.
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James Watt
James Watt (30 January 1736 (19 January 1736 OS) – 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.
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Jedediah Strutt
Jedediah Strutt (1726 – 7 May 1797) or Jedidiah Strutt – as he spelled it – was a hosier and cotton spinner from Belper, England.
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Jeffrey G. Williamson
Jeffrey Gale Williamson (born 1935) is the Laird Bell Professor of Economics (Emeritus), Harvard University; an Honorary Fellow in the Department of Economics at the University of Wisconsin (Madison); Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research; and Research Fellow for the Center for Economic and Policy Research.
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John Capron
John Willard Capron (February 14, 1797, at Uxbridge, Worcester County, Massachusetts – December 25, 1878, at Uxbridge) was an American military officer in the infantry, state legislator, and textile manufacturer.
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John Esposito
John Louis Esposito (born May 19, 1940) is University Professor, Professor of Religion & International Affairs and Islamic Studies at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. He was also the Founding Director of the Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding at Georgetown.
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John Fothergill (merchant)
John Fothergill (1730–1782) was a merchant from Birmingham, England.
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John Kay (flying shuttle)
John Kay (17 June 1704 – c. 1779) was the inventor of the flying shuttle, which was a key contribution to the Industrial Revolution.
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John Kay (spinning frame)
John Kay was a clockmaker from Warrington, Lancashire, England, associated with the scandal surrounding invention of the spinning frame in 1767, an important stage in the development of textile manufacturing in the Industrial Revolution.
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John Marshall (industrialist)
John Marshall (27 July 1765 – 6 June 1845) was a British businessman and politician from Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
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John Wyatt (inventor)
John Wyatt (April 1700 – 29 November 1766), an English inventor, was born near Lichfield and was related to Sarah Ford, Doctor Johnson's mother.
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Karl Marx
Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.
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Labor unrest
Labor unrest is strike action or industrial action undertaken by labor unions, especially where labor disputes become violent.
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Lancashire
Lancashire (abbreviated Lancs.) is a county in north west England.
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Lancashire Loom
The Lancashire Loom was a semi-automatic power loom invented by James Bullough and William Kenworthy in 1842.
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Lead
Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
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Leominster
Leominster is a market town in Herefordshire, England, and is located at the confluence of the River Lugg and its tributary the River Kenwater, approximately north of the city of Hereford and approx 7 miles south of the Shropshire border, 11 miles from Ludlow in Shropshire.
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Lewis Paul
Lewis Paul (died 1759) was the original inventor of roller spinning, the basis of the water frame for spinning cotton in a cotton mill.
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Line shaft
A line shaft is a power driven rotating shaft for power transmission that was used extensively from the Industrial Revolution until the early 20th century.
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Linen
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant.
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Listed building
A listed building, or listed structure, is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, Cadw in Wales, and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency in Northern Ireland.
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Litton Mill
Litton Mill is a textile mill at Millers Dale, near Tideswell in Derbyshire.
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Liverpool
Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.
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Loom
A loom is a device used to weave cloth and tapestry.
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Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 530,300.
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Manchester cotton warehouses
In the final half of the 19th century Manchester's reputation as a financial and commercial centre was boosted by the unprecedented number of warehouses erected in the city centre.
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Marshall's Mill
Marshall's Mill is a former flax spinning mill on Marshall Street in Holbeck, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.
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Mary Barton
Mary Barton is the first novel by English author Elizabeth Gaskell, published in 1848.
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Matthew Boulton
Matthew Boulton (3 September 1728 – 17 August 1809) was an English manufacturer and business partner of Scottish engineer James Watt.
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Mill town
A mill town, also known as factory town or mill village, is typically a settlement that developed around one or more mills or factories, usually cotton mills or factories producing textiles.
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Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.
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Mule scavenger
Scavengers were employed in 18th and 19th century in cotton mills, predominantly in the UK and the United States, to clean and recoup the area underneath a spinning mule.
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Mumford River
The Mumford River is an U.S. Geological Survey.
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Muslin
Muslin, also mousseline, is a cotton fabric of plain weave.
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Navigation
Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.
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New England
New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.
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North and South (Gaskell novel)
North and South is a social novel by English writer Elizabeth Gaskell.
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Northampton
Northampton is the county town of Northamptonshire in the East Midlands of England.
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Northrop Loom
The Northrop Loom was a fully automatic power loom marketed by George Draper and Sons, Hopedale, Massachusetts beginning in 1895.
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Occupational safety and health
Occupational safety and health (OSH), also commonly referred to as occupational health and safety (OHS), occupational health, or workplace health and safety (WHS), is a multidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work.
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Om Prakash (historian)
Om Prakash (born January 1940, in Delhi) is an Indian economic historian.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Packhorse
A packhorse or pack horse refers to a horse, mule, donkey, or pony used to carry goods on its back, usually in sidebags or panniers.
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Patent
A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.
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Pennines
The Pennines, also known as the Pennine Chain or Pennine Hills, are a range of mountains and hills in England separating North West England from Yorkshire and North East England.
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Pig iron
Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry.
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Plantation
A plantation is a large-scale farm that specializes in cash crops.
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Potting and stamping
Potting and stamping is a modern name for one of the 18th century processes for refining pig iron without the use of charcoal.
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Power loom
A power loom is a mechanized loom, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.
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Protectionism
Protectionism is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.
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Putting-out system
The putting-out system is a means of subcontracting work.
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Quarry Bank Mill
Quarry Bank Mill (also known as Styal Mill) in Styal, Cheshire, England, is one of the best preserved textile mills of the Industrial Revolution and is now a museum of the cotton industry.
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Real wages
Real wages are wages adjusted for inflation, or, equivalently, wages in terms of the amount of goods and services that can be bought.
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Richard Arkwright
Sir Richard Arkwright (23 December 1732 – 3 August 1792) was an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution.
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Richard Roberts (engineer)
Richard Roberts (22 April 1789 – 11 March 1864) was a British patternmaker and engineer whose development of high-precision machine tools contributed to the birth of production engineering and mass production.
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Richard Trevithick
Richard Trevithick (13 April 1771 – 22 April 1833) was a British inventor and mining engineer from Cornwall, England.
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River Bollin
The River Bollin is a major tributary of the River Mersey in the north-west of England.
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River Medlock
The River Medlock is a river in Greater Manchester, England, which rises near Oldham and flows south and west for ten miles to join the River Irwell in Manchester city centre.
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Robert Peel
Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet, (5 February 17882 July 1850) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–35 and 1841–46) and twice as Home Secretary (1822–27 and 1828–30).
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Roberts Loom
The Roberts Loom was a cast-iron power loom introduced by Richard Roberts in 1830.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Royal Exchange, Manchester
The Royal Exchange is a grade II listed building in Manchester, England.
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Royton
Royton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 21,284 in 2011.
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Ruhr
The Ruhr (Ruhrgebiet), or the Ruhr district, Ruhr region, Ruhr area or Ruhr valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Salem Gazette
The Salem Gazette is a newspaper that has been published since 1790 through today.
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Samuel Crompton
Samuel Crompton (3 December 1753 – 26 June 1827) was an English inventor and pioneer of the spinning industry.
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Samuel Greg
Samuel Greg (26 March 1758 – 4 June 1834) was a British entrepreneur of the early Industrial Revolution and a pioneer of the factory system.
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Samuel Slater
Samuel Slater (June 9, 1768 – April 21, 1835) was an early English-American industrialist known as the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution" (a phrase coined by Andrew Jackson) and the "Father of the American Factory System".
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Shirley (novel)
Shirley, A Tale is an 1849 social novel by the English novelist Charlotte Brontë.
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Shudehill Mill
Shudehill Mill or Simpson's Mill was a very early cotton mill in Manchester city centre, England.
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Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.
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Smelting
Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore in order to melt out a base metal.
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Soho Foundry
Soho Foundry is a factory created in 1795 by Matthew Boulton and James Watt and their sons Matthew Robinson Boulton and James Watt Jr. at Smethwick, West Midlands, England, for the manufacture of steam engines.
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Soho Manufactory
The Soho Manufactory was an early factory which pioneered mass production on the assembly line principle, in Soho, Birmingham, England, at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
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Sough
A sough is an underground channel for draining water out of a mine.
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South Asia
South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.
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Southern England
Southern England, or the South of England, also known as the South, refers roughly to the southern counties of England.
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Southern United States
The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.
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Spindle (textiles)
A spindle is a straight spike usually made from wood used for spinning, twisting fibers such as wool, flax, hemp, cotton into yarn.
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Spinning (textiles)
Spinning is the twisting together of drawn-out strands of fibers to form yarn, and is a major part of the textile industry.
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Spinning frame
The spinning frame is an Industrial Revolution invention for spinning thread or yarn from fibres such as wool or cotton in a mechanised way.
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Spinning jenny
The spinning jenny is a multi-spindle spinning frame, and was one of the key developments in the industrialization of weaving during the early Industrial Revolution.
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Spinning mule
The spinning mule is a machine used to spin cotton and other fibres.
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Spinning wheel
A spinning wheel is a device for spinning thread or yarn from natural or synthetic fibres.
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Stationary steam engine
Stationary steam engines are fixed steam engines used for pumping or driving mills and factories, and for power generation.
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Steam engine
A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.
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Stockport
Stockport is a large town in Greater Manchester, England, south-east of Manchester city centre, where the River Goyt and Tame merge to create the River Mersey.
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Stream
A stream is a body of water with surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel.
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Styal
Styal ("style") is a village on the River Bollin near Wilmslow, Cheshire, England.
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Tariff
A tariff is a tax on imports or exports between sovereign states.
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Textile
A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).
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Textile manufacturing
Textile manufacturing is a major industry.
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The Morland Dynasty
The Morland Dynasty is a series of historical novels by Cynthia Harrod-Eagles, recounting the lives of the Morland family of York, England and their national and international relatives and associates.
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Thirteen Colonies
The Thirteen Colonies were a group of British colonies on the east coast of North America founded in the 17th and 18th centuries that declared independence in 1776 and formed the United States of America.
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Thomas Highs
Thomas Highs (1718–1803), of Leigh, Lancashire, was a reed-maker and manufacturer of cotton carding and spinning engines in the 1780s, during the Industrial Revolution.
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Thomas Newcomen
Thomas Newcomen (February 1664 – 5 August 1729) was an English inventor who created the first practical steam engine in 1712, the Newcomen atmospheric engine.
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Thomas Savery
Thomas Savery (c. 1650 – 1715) was an English inventor and engineer, born at Shilstone, a manor house near Modbury, Devon, England.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Uxbridge, Massachusetts
Uxbridge is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts first settled in 1662 and incorporated in 1727.
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Wage labour
Wage labour (also wage labor in American English) is the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer, where the worker sells his or her labour under a formal or informal employment contract.
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Warez
Warez is a common computing and broader cultural term referring to pirated software (i.e. illegally copied, often after deactivation of anti-piracy measures) that is distributed via the Internet.
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Warp and weft
Warp and weft are terms for the two basic components used in weaving to turn thread or yarn into fabric.
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Warrington
Warrington is a large town and unitary authority area in Cheshire, England, on the banks of the River Mersey, east of Liverpool, and west of Manchester.
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Water frame
A water frame is a water-powered spinning frame designed for the production of cotton thread, first used in 1768.
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Water wheel
A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.
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Watermill
A watermill or water mill is a mill that uses hydropower.
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Watt steam engine
The Watt steam engine (alternatively known as the Boulton and Watt steam engine) was the first type of steam engine to make use of a separate condenser.
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Weavers' cottage
A weavers' cottage was (and to an extent is) a type of house used by weavers for cloth production in the putting-out system sometimes known as the domestic system.
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Weaving
Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.
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Weaving shed
A weaving shed is a distinctive type of single storey mill developed in the early 1800s in Lancashire, Derbyshire and Yorkshire to accommodate the new power looms weaving cotton, silk, woollen and worsted.
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West Riding of Yorkshire
The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England.
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Whitinsville, Massachusetts
Whitinsville is an unincorporated village within the town of Northbridge in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.
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William Blake
William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker.
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William Fairbairn
Sir William Fairbairn, 1st Baronet of Ardwick (19 February 1789 – 18 August 1874) was a Scottish civil engineer, structural engineer and shipbuilder.
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William Radcliffe
William Radcliffe (1761?, Mellor, Derbyshire – 20 May 1842, StockportDavid J. Jeremy,, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 9 July 2008) was a British inventor and author of the essay Origin of the New System of Manufacture, Commonly Called Power loom Weaving.
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Wool
Wool is the textile fiber obtained from sheep and other animals, including cashmere and mohair from goats, qiviut from muskoxen, angora from rabbits, and other types of wool from camelids.
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Woolen
Woolen (American English) or woollen (Commonwealth English) is a type of yarn made from carded wool.
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Workhouse
In England and Wales a workhouse, colloquially known as a spike, was a place where those unable to support themselves were offered accommodation and employment.
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Worsley
Worsley is a town in the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England.
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Worsted
Worsted is a high-quality type of wool yarn, the fabric made from this yarn, and a yarn weight category.
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Wrought iron
puddled iron, a form of wrought iron Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon (less than 0.08%) content in contrast to cast iron (2.1% to 4%).
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Wuppertal
Wuppertal is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in and around the Wupper valley, east of Düsseldorf and south of the Ruhr.
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Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, or ropemaking.
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1650–1700 in Western European fashion
Fashion in the period 1660–1700 in Western European clothing is characterised by rapid change.
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1842 General Strike
The 1842 General Strike, also known as the Plug Plot Riots, started among the miners in Staffordshire, England, and soon spread through Britain affecting factories, mills in Yorkshire and Lancashire, and coal mines from Dundee to South Wales and Cornwall.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_Industrial_Revolution
