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Theravada

Index Theravada

Theravāda (Pali, literally "school of the elder monks") is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core. [1]

306 relations: A. K. Warder, Abhayagiri vihāra, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Abhidhammattha-sangaha, Abhidhammavatara, Abhidharma, Achang people, Ajahn Amaro, Ajahn Brahm, Ajahn Chah, Ajahn Khemadhammo, Ajahn Maha Bua, Ajahn Sao Kantasīlo, Ajahn Sucitto, Ajahn Sumedho, Ajahn Thate, Amarapura Nikaya, Amaravati Buddhist Monastery, Amoghavajra, Anagarika Dharmapala, Anapanasati, Anatta, Anawrahta, Anāgāmi, Andhra Pradesh, Anuradhapura, Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya, Arhat, Aruna Ratanagiri, Asalha Puja, Asceticism, Ashoka, Asia Society, Atthakatha, Atthasālinī, Avanti (India), Avidyā (Buddhism), Ayatana, Āgama (Buddhism), Bagan, Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero, Bali, Bandung, Bangladesh, Bardo, Bhavanga, Bhikkhu, Bhikkhu Bodhi, Bhikkhuni, Blang people, ..., Bodhi, Bodhisattva, Brahmin, Buddhadasa, Buddhadatta, Buddhaghoṣa, Buddhahood, Buddhism, Buddhism by country, Buddhism in Bangladesh, Buddhism in Cambodia, Buddhism in Indonesia, Buddhism in Laos, Buddhism in Malaysia, Buddhism in Myanmar, Buddhism in Nepal, Buddhism in Singapore, Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Buddhism in Thailand, Buddhism in the West, Buddhism in Vietnam, Buddhist devotion, Buddhist meditation, Buddhist modernism, Buddhist philosophy, Buddhist pilgrimage, Cambodia, Caste system in Sri Lanka, Causality, Chao Phraya River, China, Chinese Buddhism, Chinese language, Chithurst Buddhist Monastery, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Chola dynasty, Classical Tibetan, Culavamsa, Dai people, Dalai Lama, Dambulla, Damien Keown, Dan Lusthaus, Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent, Devanampiya Tissa of Anuradhapura, Dhammananda Bhikkhuni, Dhammapada, Dhammapala, Dhammayuttika Nikaya, Dharma, Dharmaguptaka, Dhutanga, Dhyāna in Buddhism, Diaspora, Dimbulagala Raja Maha Vihara, Dipavamsa, Docetism, Dukkha, Dwara Nikaya, Early Buddhist schools, East Asia, East Asian Buddhism, Eternalism (philosophy of time), Faxian, Fetter (Buddhism), First Buddhist council, Five hindrances, Five Precepts, Four Noble Truths, Four stages of enlightenment, François Bizot, Gautama Buddha, Gil Fronsdal, Hani people, Helena Blavatsky, Henepola Gunaratana, Henry Steel Olcott, Hinayana, Hinduism, History of Buddhism in India, Hngettwin Nikaya, Householder (Buddhism), Huston Smith, Impermanence, Importance of religion by country, India, Indo-Aryan languages, Irrawaddy River, Island Hermitage, Jack Kornfield, Jayavarman VII, Jetavana, Joseph Goldstein (writer), K. L. Dhammajoti, Kalyāṇa-mittatā, Kammaṭṭhāna, Kanchipuram, Karma in Buddhism, Kasina, Kathavatthu, Kāśyapīya, Khmer Empire, Khmer Krom, Kleshas (Buddhism), Laos, Ledi Sayadaw, Legcuffs, Lingua franca, List of sovereign states, Lokottaravāda, Lower Myanmar, Luang Por, Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro, Magha Puja, Maha Nikaya, Maharashtra, Mahasi Sayadaw, Mahasthabir Nikaya, Mahavamsa, Mahavihara, Mahayana, Mahābhūta, Mahākassapa Thera, Mahāsāṃghika, Mahīśāsaka, Mahinda (Buddhist monk), Maitreya, Malay Peninsula, Malaysian Siamese, Mantra, Meditation, Melford Spiro, Merit (Buddhism), Moggaliputta-Tissa, Mon people, Mongkut, Mun Bhuridatta, Myanmar, Nepal, Nikāya, Nirvana, Noble Eightfold Path, Northeast India, Nyanaponika Thera, Nyanatiloka, Pagan Kingdom, Pali, Pali literature, Pali Text Society, Pāli Canon, Philip Novak, Philosophical presentism, Philosophy of space and time, Polonnaruwa, Prakrit, Pratītyasamutpāda, Prātimokṣa, Preah Maha Ghosananda, Pyu, Pyu city-states, Ram Khamhaeng, Ramanna Nikaya, Rebirth (Buddhism), Richard Gombrich, Rupert Gethin, S. N. Goenka, Saṃsāra, Saṅkhāra, Sacred language, Sakadagami, Samadhi, Samanera, Samatha, Sangha, Sanghamitta, Sangharaj Nikaya, Sangharaja, Sanskrit, Sarvastivada, Sāriputta Thera, Schools of Buddhism, Second Buddhist council, Shan people, Sharon Salzberg, Shinbyu, Shwegyin Nikaya, Siam Nikaya, Sinhalese language, Skandha, Sotāpanna, Soteriology, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Sri Kalyani Yogasrama Samstha, Sri Ksetra Kingdom, Sri Lanka, Sri Lankan Forest Tradition, Sri Lankans in Malaysia, Sthavira nikāya, Stupa, Subcommentaries, Theravada, Subitism, Suffering, Sukha, Sukhothai Kingdom, Sumatra, Supreme Patriarch of Thailand, Sutra, Sutta Pitaka, Suvarnabhumi, Svabhava, Syncretism, Taṇhā, Tai Dam people, Tai peoples, Tantra, Tantric Theravada, Tara Brach, Thai Forest Tradition, Thailand, Thanissaro Bhikkhu, Theosophical Society, Thero, Third Buddhist council, Three marks of existence, Thudhamma Nikaya, Trāyastriṃśa, Tripiṭaka, U Nārada, U Pandita, Upāsaka and Upāsikā, Uposatha, Vajrabodhi, Vajrayana, Vassa, Vesak, Vibhajyavāda, Vietnam, View (Buddhism), Vihara, Vinaya, Vinaya Pitaka, Vipassana movement, Vipassanā, Vipassanā-ñāṇa, Visuddhimagga, Wa people, Walpola Rahula, West Java, Western esotericism, Wilhelm Geiger, Xuanzang, Yantra, Yijing (monk), Yogāvacara's manual, Yunnan. Expand index (256 more) »

A. K. Warder

Anthony Kennedy Warder (September 8, 1924 - January 8, 2013) was a British scholar of Indology, mostly in Buddhist studies and related fields, such as the Pāḷi and Sanskrit languages.

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Abhayagiri vihāra

Abhayagiri Vihāra was a major monastery site of Mahayana, Theravada and Vajrayana Buddhism that was situated in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.

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Abhidhamma Pitaka

The Abhidhamma Pitaka (Pali; English: Basket of Higher Doctrine) is the last of the three pitakas (Pali for "baskets") constituting the Pali Canon, the scriptures of Theravāda Buddhism.

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Abhidhammattha-sangaha

Abhidhammattha-sangaha (Pali) is a Buddhist text attributed to Acariya Anuruddha; it is a commentary on the Abhidharma of the Theravada tradition.

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Abhidhammavatara

Abhidhammavatara (Pali, also Abhidhammāvatāra), according to Encyclopædia Britannica is "the earliest effort at systematizing, in the form of a manual, the doctrines dealt with in the Abhidhamma (scholastic) section of the Theravada Buddhist canon.

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Abhidharma

Abhidharma (Sanskrit) or Abhidhamma (Pali) are ancient (3rd century BCE and later) Buddhist texts which contain detailed scholastic reworkings of doctrinal material appearing in the Buddhist sutras, according to schematic classifications.

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Achang people

The Achang, also known as the Ngac'ang (their own name) or Maingtha (မိုင်းသာလူမျိုး) are an ethnic group.

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Ajahn Amaro

Ajahn Amaro (born 1956) is a Theravada Buddhist monk and teacher, and abbot of the Amaravati Buddhist Monastery at the eastern end of the Chiltern Hills in south east England.

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Ajahn Brahm

Phra Visuddhisamvarathera, known as Ajahn Brahmavamso, or simply Ajahn Brahm (born Peter Betts on 7 August 1951), is a British-Australian Theravada Buddhist monk.

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Ajahn Chah

Chah Subhaddo (ชา สุภัทโท, alternatively Achaan Chah, occasionally with honorific titles Luang Por and Phra) or in honorific name "Phra Bodhiñāṇathera" (พระโพธิญาณเถร, Chao Khun Bodhinyana Thera; 17 June 1918 – 16 January 1992) was a Thai Buddhist monk.

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Ajahn Khemadhammo

Venerable Ajahn Khemadhammo, OBE, (also known as Luang Por Khemadhammo or Chao Khun Bhavanaviteht) is a Theravada Buddhist monk.

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Ajahn Maha Bua

Phra Dharma Visuddhi Mangala (Bua Ñāṇasampaṇṇo) (RTGS: Phra Thamma Wisutthi Mongkhon (Bua Yanasampanno); พระธรรมวิสุทธิมงคล (บัว ญาณสมฺปนฺโน)), commonly known as Ajahn Maha Bua or in Thai Luang Ta Maha Bua (พระอาจารย์มหาบัว, หลวงตามหาบัว; the word "Ajahn" (อาจารย์) means "teacher"), born as Bua Lohitdee (บัว โลหิตดี), (August 12, 1913 – January 30, 2011), was a Thai Buddhist monk.

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Ajahn Sao Kantasīlo

Phra Ajahn Sao Kantasilo Mahathera (1861–1941) was a monk in the Thai Forest Tradition of Theravada Buddhism.

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Ajahn Sucitto

Ajahn Sucitto (Bhikkhu Sucitto, born 4 November 1949) is a British-born Theravada Buddhist monk ("ajahn" is the Thai rendition of ācārya "teacher").

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Ajahn Sumedho

Luang Por Sumedho or Ajahn Sumedho (อาจารย์สุเมโธ) (born Robert Kan Jackman, July 27, 1934, Seattle) is one of the senior Western representatives of the Thai forest tradition of Theravada Buddhism.

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Ajahn Thate

Phra Ajaan Thate Desaransi (1902–1994), also known as Ajaan Thate, Luangpu Thet Thetrangsi, Phra Desarangsee, or by his monastic title Phra Rajanirodharangsee, was a famous meditation master and Buddhist monk from northern Thailand.

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Amarapura Nikaya

The Amarapura Nikaya is a Sri Lankan monastic fraternity (gaṇa or nikāya) founded in 1800.

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Amaravati Buddhist Monastery

Amaravati is a Theravada Buddhist monastery at the eastern end of the Chiltern Hills in South East England.

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Amoghavajra

Amoghavajra (अमोघवज्र;, 705–774) was a prolific translator who became one of the most politically powerful Buddhist monks in Chinese history and is acknowledged as one of the Eight Patriarchs of the Doctrine in Shingon Buddhism.

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Anagarika Dharmapala

Anagārika Dharmapāla (Pali: Anagārika,; Sinhalese: Anagarika, lit., අනගාරික ධර්මපාල; 17 September 1864 – 29 April 1933) was a Sri Lankan (Sinhalese) Buddhist revivalist and writer.

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Anapanasati

Ānāpānasati (Pali; Sanskrit ānāpānasmṛti), meaning "mindfulness of breathing" ("sati" means mindfulness; "ānāpāna" refers to inhalation and exhalation), is a form of Buddhist meditation originally taught by Gautama Buddha in several suttas including the Ānāpānasati Sutta.

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Anatta

In Buddhism, the term anattā (Pali) or anātman (Sanskrit) refers to the doctrine of "non-self", that there is no unchanging, permanent self, soul or essence in living beings.

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Anawrahta

Anawrahta Minsaw (အနော်ရထာ မင်းစော,; 11 May 1014 – 11 April 1077) was the founder of the Pagan Empire.

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Anāgāmi

In Buddhism, an anāgāmi (Sanskrit and Pāli for "non-returning") is a partially enlightened person who has cut off the first five chains that bind the ordinary mind.

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Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh is one of the 29 states of India.

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Anuradhapura

Anuradhapura (අනුරාධපුරය; Tamil: அனுராதபுரம்) is a major city in Sri Lanka.

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Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya

The Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya was an important mahavihara or large Buddhist monastery for Theravada Buddhism in Sri Lanka.

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Arhat

Theravada Buddhism defines arhat (Sanskrit) or arahant (Pali) as "one who is worthy" or as a "perfected person" having attained nirvana.

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Aruna Ratanagiri

Aruna Ratanagiri Buddhist Monastery (Harnham Buddhist Monastery) is a Theravada Buddhist monastery of the Thai Forest Tradition in Northumberland, England.

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Asalha Puja

Asalha Puja (known as Asanha Bucha in Thailand, อาสาฬหบูชา) is a Theravada Buddhist festival which typically takes place in July, on the full moon of the sixth lunar month (the full moon of Cancer).

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Asceticism

Asceticism (from the ἄσκησις áskesis, "exercise, training") is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.

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Ashoka

Ashoka (died 232 BCE), or Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from to 232 BCE.

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Asia Society

The Asia Society is a non-profit organization that focuses on educating the world about Asia.

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Atthakatha

Aṭṭhakathā (Pali for explanation, commentary) refers to Pali-language Theravadin Buddhist commentaries to the canonical Theravadin Tipitaka.

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Atthasālinī

Atthasālinī (Pali) is a Buddhist text composed by Buddhaghosa in the Theravada Abhidharma tradition.

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Avanti (India)

Avanti (अवन्ति) was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada (Great Realm), roughly corresponded to the present day Malwa region.

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Avidyā (Buddhism)

Avidyā (Sanskrit; Pāli: avijjā; Tibetan phonetic: ma rigpa) in Buddhist literature is commonly translated as "ignorance".

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Ayatana

Āyatana (Pāli; Sanskrit: आयतन) is a Buddhist term that has been translated as "sense base", "sense-media" or "sense sphere." In Buddhism, there are six internal sense bases (Pali: ajjhattikāni āyatanāni; also known as, "organs", "gates", "doors", "powers" or "roots"Pine 2004, pg. 102) and six external sense bases (bāhirāni āyatanāni or "sense objects"; also known as vishaya or "domains"Pine 2004, pg. 103).

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Āgama (Buddhism)

In Buddhism, an āgama (आगम Prakrit/Sanskrit) is used as "sacred scriptures".

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Bagan

Bagan (formerly Pagan) is an ancient city located in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar.

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Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero

Balangoda Ananda Maitreya Thero (අග්ග මහා පණ්ඩිත බලංගොඩ ආනන්ද මෛත්‍රෙය මහනාහිමි;23 August 1896 – 18 July 1998) was a Sri Lankan scholar Buddhist monk and a personality of Theravada Buddhism in the twentieth century.

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Bali

Bali (Balinese:, Indonesian: Pulau Bali, Provinsi Bali) is an island and province of Indonesia with the biggest Hindu population.

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Bandung

Bandung (Sundanese:, Bandung, formerly Dutch: Bandoeng), is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia and Greater Bandung made up of 2 municipalities and 38 districts, making it Indonesia's 2nd largest metropolitan area with over 8.5 millions inhabitants listed in the 2015 Badan Pusat Statistik data.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Bardo

In some schools of Buddhism, bardo (Tibetan བར་དོ་ Wylie: bar do) or antarabhāva (Sanskrit) is an intermediate, transitional, or liminal state between death and rebirth.

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Bhavanga

Bhavaṅga (Pali, "ground of becoming", "condition for existence"), also bhavanga-sota and bhavanga-citta is a passive mode of intentional consciousness (citta) described in the Abhidhamma of Theravada Buddhism.

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Bhikkhu

A bhikkhu (from Pali, Sanskrit: bhikṣu) is an ordained male monastic ("monk") in Buddhism.

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Bhikkhu Bodhi

Bhikkhu Bodhi (born December 10, 1944), born Jeffrey Block, is an American Theravada Buddhist monk, ordained in Sri Lanka and currently teaching in the New York and New Jersey area.

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Bhikkhuni

A bhikkhunī (Pali) or bhikṣuṇī (Sanskrit) is a fully ordained female monastic in Buddhism.

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Blang people

The Blang (布朗族: Bùlǎng Zú) (also spelled Bulong) people are an ethnic group.

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Bodhi

Bodhi (Sanskrit: बोधि; Pali: bodhi) in Buddhism traditionally is translated into English with the term enlightenment, although its literal meaning is closer to "awakening".

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Bodhisattva

In Buddhism, Bodhisattva is the Sanskrit term for anyone who has generated Bodhicitta, a spontaneous wish and compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Bodhisattvas are a popular subject in Buddhist art.

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Brahmin

Brahmin (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मण) is a varna (class) in Hinduism specialising as priests, teachers (acharya) and protectors of sacred learning across generations.

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Buddhadasa

Phra Dharmakosacarya (Nguam Indapañño) (พระธรรมโกศาจารย์ (เงื่อม อินฺทปญฺโญ)), also known as Buddhadasa Bhikkhu (พุทธทาสภิกขุ;, May 27, 1906 – May 25, 1993) was a famous and influential ascetic-philosopher of the 20th century.

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Buddhadatta

Buddhadatta Thera was a 5th-century Theravada Buddhist writer from the town of Uragapura in the Chola kingdom of South India.

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Buddhaghoṣa

Buddhaghoṣa (พระพุทธโฆษาจารย์) was a 5th-century Indian Theravada Buddhist commentator and scholar.

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Buddhahood

In Buddhism, buddhahood (buddhatva; buddhatta or italic) is the condition or rank of a buddha "awakened one".

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Buddhism by country

Buddhism is a religion practiced by an estimated 488 million in the world,Pew Research Center,.

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Buddhism in Bangladesh

It is said that Buddha once in his life came to this region East Bengal to spread Buddhism and he was successful to convert the local people of East Bengal to Buddhism.

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Buddhism in Cambodia

Buddhism in Cambodia is currently a form of Theravada Buddhism.

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Buddhism in Indonesia

Buddhism in Indonesia has a long history, with a considerable range of relics dated from its earlier years in Indonesia.

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Buddhism in Laos

Buddhism is the primary religion of Laos.

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Buddhism in Malaysia

Buddhism is the second largest religion in Malaysia, after Islam, with 19.2% of Malaysia's population being Buddhist although some estimates put that figure up to 21.6% when combined with Chinese religions.

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Buddhism in Myanmar

Buddhism in Myanmar is practiced by 89% of the country's population, and is predominantly of the Theravada tradition.

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Buddhism in Nepal

Buddha was born in Shakya (Shakya) Kingdom of Kapilvastu which lies in present-day Rupandehi district, Lumbini zone of Nepal.

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Buddhism in Singapore

Buddhism is an Indian Religion which owes its origins primarily from Shakyamuni Buddha who appeared in India around 2500 years ago or more.

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Buddhism in Sri Lanka

Theravada Buddhism is the religion of 70.2% of the population of Sri Lanka.

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Buddhism in Thailand

Buddhism in Thailand is largely of the Theravada school, which is followed by 94.6 percent of the population.

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Buddhism in the West

Buddhism in the West broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside Asia in Europe, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand.

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Buddhism in Vietnam

Buddhism in Vietnam (Đạo Phật or Phật Giáo in Vietnamese), as practised by the ethnic Vietnamese, is mainly of the Mahayana tradition.

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Buddhist devotion

Devotion, a central practice in Buddhism, refers to commitment to religious observances or to an object or person, and may be translated with Sanskrit or Pāli terms like saddhā, gārava or pūjā.

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Buddhist meditation

Buddhist meditation is the practice of meditation in Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy.

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Buddhist modernism

Buddhist modernism (also referred to as Modern Buddhism, modernist Buddhism and Neo-Buddhism) are new movements based on modern era reinterpretations of Buddhism.

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Buddhist philosophy

Buddhist philosophy refers to the philosophical investigations and systems of inquiry that developed among various Buddhist schools in India following the death of the Buddha and later spread throughout Asia.

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Buddhist pilgrimage

The most important places of pilgrimage in Buddhism are located in the Gangetic plains of Northern India and Southern Nepal, in the area between New Delhi and Rajgir.

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Cambodia

Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Caste system in Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka a caste-based social stratification system can be seen among its two major ethnic groups (the Sinhalese and the Tamils).

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Causality

Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is what connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.

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Chao Phraya River

The Chao Phraya (แม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา, or) is the major river in Thailand, with its low alluvial plain forming the centre of the country.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese Buddhism

Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy, medicine, and material culture.

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Chinese language

Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.

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Chithurst Buddhist Monastery

Cittaviveka, popularly known as Chithurst Buddhist Monastery, is a Theravada Buddhist Monastery in the Thai Forest Tradition.

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Chittagong Hill Tracts

The Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT; Bengali: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম, Parbotto Choŧŧogram; or the Hill Tracts for short) are an area within the Chattogram Division in southeastern Bangladesh, bordering India and Myanmar (Burma).

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Chola dynasty

The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India.

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Classical Tibetan

Classical Tibetan refers to the language of any text written in Tibetic after the Old Tibetan period; though it extends from the 7th century until the modern day, it particularly refers to the language of early canonical texts translated from other languages, especially Sanskrit.

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Culavamsa

The Cūḷavaṃsa, also Chulavamsa (Pāli: "Lesser Chronicle"), is a historical record, written in the Pali language, of the monarchs of Sri Lanka.

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Dai people

The Dai people (Kam Mueang:; Thai: ไท; Shan: တႆး; Tai Nüa: ᥖᥭᥰ) are one of several ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (both in southern Yunnan, China), but by extension can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, and Myanmar when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Yai, Lue, Chinese Shan, Tai Dam, Tai Khao or even Tai in general.

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Dalai Lama

Dalai Lama (Standard Tibetan: ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་, Tā la'i bla ma) is a title given to spiritual leaders of the Tibetan people.

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Dambulla

Dambulla (දඹුල්ල Dam̆bulla, தம்புள்ளை Tampuḷḷai) is a large town, situated in the Matale District, Central Province of Sri Lanka, situated north-east of Colombo and north of Kandy.

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Damien Keown

Damien Keown (born 1951) is a prominent bioethicist and authority on Buddhist bioethics.

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Dan Lusthaus

Dan Lusthaus is an American writer on Buddhism.

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Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent

A steady decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent set in during the 1st millennium CE in the wake of the White Hun invasion followed by Turk-Mongol raids, though it continued to attract financial and institutional support during the Gupta era (4th to 6th century) and the Pala Empire (8th to 12th century).

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Devanampiya Tissa of Anuradhapura

Tissa, later Devanampiya Tissa was one of the earliest kings of Sri Lanka based at the ancient capital of Anuradhapura from 307 BC to 267 BC.

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Dhammananda Bhikkhuni

Dhammananda Bhikkhuni (ธัมมนันทา), was born Chatsumarn Kabilsingh (ฉัตรสุมาลย์ กบิลสิงห์) or Chatsumarn Kabilsingh Shatsena (ฉัตรสุมาลย์ กบิลสิงห์ ษัฏเสน;; 6 October 1944) is a Thai bhikkhuni ("Buddhist nun").

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Dhammapada

The Dhammapada (Pāli; धम्मपद Dhammapada) is a collection of sayings of the Buddha in verse form and one of the most widely read and best known Buddhist scriptures.

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Dhammapala

Dhammapāla was the name of two or more great Theravada Buddhist commentators.

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Dhammayuttika Nikaya

Dhammayuttika Nikaya (Pali; ธรรมยุติกนิกาย;; ធម្មយុត្តិក និកាយ Thommoyouttek Nikeay), or Thammayut (ธรรมยุต) is an order of Theravada Buddhist bhikkhus (monks) in Thailand, Cambodia and Burma, with significant branches in the Western world.

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Dharma

Dharma (dharma,; dhamma, translit. dhamma) is a key concept with multiple meanings in the Indian religions – Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism.

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Dharmaguptaka

The Dharmaguptaka (Sanskrit) are one of the eighteen or twenty early Buddhist schools, depending on the source.

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Dhutanga

Dhutanga (Pali dhutaṅga "renunciation", known in Thai as "Thudong"; ධුතාඞ්ග) is a group of thirteen austerities or ascetic practices most commonly observed by the practitioners of the Thai Forest Tradition of Theravada Buddhism.

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Dhyāna in Buddhism

In Buddhism, Dhyāna (Sanskrit) or Jhāna (Pali) is a series of cultivated states of mind, which lead to a "state of perfect equanimity and awareness (upekkhii-sati-piirisuddhl)." It is commonly translated as meditation, and is also used in Hinduism and Jainism.

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Diaspora

A diaspora (/daɪˈæspərə/) is a scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic locale.

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Dimbulagala Raja Maha Vihara

Dimbulagala Raja Maha Vihara is situated 16 kilometres south east of the ancient city of Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka.

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Dipavamsa

The Dipavamsa or Deepavamsa (i.e., "Chronicle of the Island"; in Pali: Dīpavaṃsa), is the oldest historical record of Sri Lanka.

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Docetism

In Christianity, docetism (from the Greek δοκεῖν/δόκησις dokeĩn (to seem) dókēsis (apparition, phantom), is the doctrine that the phenomenon of Christ, his historical and bodily existence, and above all the human form of Jesus, was mere semblance without any true reality. Broadly it is taken as the belief that Jesus only seemed to be human, and that his human form was an illusion. The word Δοκηταί Dokētaí (illusionists) referring to early groups who denied Jesus' humanity, first occurred in a letter by Bishop Serapion of Antioch (197–203), who discovered the doctrine in the Gospel of Peter, during a pastoral visit to a Christian community using it in Rhosus, and later condemned it as a forgery. It appears to have arisen over theological contentions concerning the meaning, figurative or literal, of a sentence from the Gospel of John: "the Word was made Flesh". Docetism was unequivocally rejected at the First Council of Nicaea in 325. and is regarded as heretical by the Catholic Church, Orthodox Church, Coptic Church and many other Christian denominations that accept and hold to the statements of these early church councils.

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Dukkha

Dukkha (Pāli; Sanskrit: duḥkha; Tibetan: སྡུག་བསྔལ་ sdug bsngal, pr. "duk-ngel") is an important Buddhist concept, commonly translated as "suffering", "pain", "unsatisfactoriness" or "stress".

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Dwara Nikaya

Maha Dwara Nikaya (မဟာဒွာရနိကာယ,; also spelt Maha Dwaya Nikaya or Maha Dvara Nikaya is the name of a small monastic order of monks in Myanmar (Burma), numbering a three to four thousand monks, primarily in Lower Myanmar. This order is very conservative with respect to Vinaya regulations. It is one of 9 legally sanctioned monastic orders (nikaya) in the country, under the 1990 Law Concerning Sangha Organizations.

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Early Buddhist schools

The early Buddhist schools are those schools into which the Buddhist monastic saṅgha initially split, due originally to differences in vinaya and later also due to doctrinal differences and geographical separation of groups of monks.

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East Asia

East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.

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East Asian Buddhism

East Asian Buddhism is a collective term for the schools of Mahayana Buddhism that developed in the East Asian region and follow the Chinese Buddhist canon.

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Eternalism (philosophy of time)

Eternalism is a philosophical approach to the ontological nature of time, which takes the view that all existence in time is equally real, as opposed to presentism or the growing block universe theory of time, in which at least the future is not the same as any other time.

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Faxian

Faxian (337 – c. 422) was a Chinese Buddhist monk who travelled by foot from China to India, visiting many sacred Buddhist sites in what are now Xinjiang, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka between 399-412 to acquire Buddhist texts.

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Fetter (Buddhism)

In Buddhism, a mental fetter, chain or bond (Pāli: samyojana, saŋyojana, saññojana) shackles a sentient being to ṃsāra, the cycle of lives with dukkha.

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First Buddhist council

The First Buddhist council was a gathering of senior monks of the Buddhist order convened just after Gautama Buddha's death in ca.

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Five hindrances

In the Buddhist tradition, the five hindrances (Sanskrit: पञ्च निवारण pañca nivāraṇa; Pali) are identified as mental factors that hinder progress in meditation and in our daily lives.

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Five Precepts

The five precepts (pañcasīlāni; pañcaśīlāni)) constitute the basic code of ethics undertaken by upāsaka and upāsikā (lay followers) of Buddhism. The precepts in all the traditions are essentially identical and are commitments to abstain from harming living beings, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying and intoxication. Undertaking the five precepts is part of both lay Buddhist initiation and regular lay Buddhist devotional practices. They are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that lay people undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. Additionally, in the Theravāda school of Buddhism, the bhikkhuni lineage died out, and women renunciates practicing Theravadin Buddhism have developed unofficial options for their own practice, dedicating their life to religion, vowing celibacy, living an ascetic life and holding eight or ten precepts.

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Four Noble Truths

The Four Noble Truths refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism in a short expression: we crave and cling to impermanent states and things, which are dukkha, "incapable of satisfying" and painful.

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Four stages of enlightenment

The four stages of enlightenment in Theravada Buddhism are the four progressive stages culminating in full enlightenment as an Arahant.

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François Bizot

François Bizot (born February 8, 1940 in Nancy, France), is a French anthropologist, the only Westerner to have survived imprisonment by the Khmer Rouge.

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Gautama Buddha

Gautama Buddha (c. 563/480 – c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic (śramaṇa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.

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Gil Fronsdal

Gil Fronsdal is a Norwegian-born, American Buddhist teacher, writer and scholar based in Redwood City, California.

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Hani people

Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province. The Hani or Ho people (Hani: Haqniq;; Người Hà Nhì) are an ethnic group.

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Helena Blavatsky

Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (Еле́на Петро́вна Блава́тская, Yelena Petrovna Blavatskaya; 8 May 1891) was a Russian occultist, philosopher, and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875.

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Henepola Gunaratana

Bhante Henepola Gunaratana is a Sri Lankan Theravada Buddhist monk.

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Henry Steel Olcott

Colonel Henry Steel Olcott (2 August 1832 – 17 February 1907) was an American military officer, journalist, lawyer and the co-founder and first President of the Theosophical Society.

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Hinayana

"Hīnayāna" is a Sanskrit term literally meaning the "inferior vehicle".

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

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History of Buddhism in India

Buddhism is a world religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama who was deemed a "Buddha" ("Awakened One").

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Hngettwin Nikaya

Hngettwin Nikaya (ငှက်တွင်နိကာယ,; officially Catubhummika Mahasatipatthana Hngettwin) is the name of a monastic order of monks in Burma, numbering approximately 1,000 monks, primarily in Mandalay.

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Householder (Buddhism)

In English translations of Buddhist texts, householder denotes a variety of terms.

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Huston Smith

Huston Cummings Smith (May 31, 1919 – December 30, 2016) was a religious studies scholar in the United States.

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Impermanence

Impermanence, also called Anicca or Anitya, is one of the essential doctrines and a part of three marks of existence in Buddhism.

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Importance of religion by country

This page charts a list of countries by importance of religion.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indo-Aryan languages

The Indo-Aryan or Indic languages are the dominant language family of the Indian subcontinent.

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Irrawaddy River

The Irrawaddy River or Ayeyarwady River (also spelt Ayeyarwaddy) is a river that flows from north to south through Myanmar.

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Island Hermitage

Island Hermitage on (Polgasduwa) Dodanduwa Island, Galle District, Sri Lanka is a famous Buddhist forest monastery founded by Ven.

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Jack Kornfield

Jack Kornfield is a bestselling American author and teacher in the vipassana movement in American Theravada Buddhism.

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Jayavarman VII

Jayavarman VII, post-humous name of Mahaparamasaugata, (ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧, 1125–1218) was a king (reigned c.1181–1218) of the Khmer Empire in present-day Siem Reap, Cambodia.

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Jetavana

Jetavana was one of the most famous of the Buddhist monasteries or viharas in India.

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Joseph Goldstein (writer)

Joseph Goldstein (born 1944) is one of the first American vipassana teachers, co-founder of the Insight Meditation Society (IMS) with Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg, contemporary author of numerous popular books on Buddhism (see publications below), resident guiding teacher at IMS, and leader of retreats worldwide on insight (vipassana) and lovingkindness (metta) meditation.

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K. L. Dhammajoti

Venerable Prof.

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Kalyāṇa-mittatā

(Pali; Skt.) is a Buddhist concept of "spiritual friendship" within Buddhist community life, applicable to both monastic and householder relationships.

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Kammaṭṭhāna

In Buddhism, is a Pali word (Sanskrit: karmasthana) which literally means the place of work.

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Kanchipuram

Kanchipuram also known as Kānchi is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu in Tondaimandalam region, from Chennaithe capital of Tamil Nadu.

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Karma in Buddhism

Karma (Sanskrit, also karman, Pāli: kamma) is a Sanskrit term that literally means "action" or "doing".

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Kasina

In Buddhism, kasiṇa (Pali; Sanskrit: kṛtsna) refers to a class of basic visual objects of meditation.

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Kathavatthu

Kathāvatthu (Pāli) (abbrev. Kv, Kvu), translated as "Points of Controversy", is a Buddhist scripture, one of the seven books in the Theravada Abhidhamma Pitaka.

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Kāśyapīya

Kāśyapīya (Sanskrit: काश्यपीय; Pali: Kassapiyā or Kassapikā) was one of the early Buddhist schools in India.

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Khmer Empire

The Khmer Empire (Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ: Anachak Khmer), officially the Angkor Empire (Khmer: អាណាចក្រអង្គរ: Anachak Angkor), the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia.

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Khmer Krom

The Khmer Krom (ខ្មែរក្រោម, Khơ Me Crộm) are ethnically Khmer people living in the south western part of Vietnam, where they are recognized as one of Vietnam's fifty-three ethnic minorities.

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Kleshas (Buddhism)

Kleshas (kleśa; किलेस kilesa; ཉོན་མོངས། nyon mongs), in Buddhism, are mental states that cloud the mind and manifest in unwholesome actions.

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Laos

Laos (ລາວ,, Lāo; Laos), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao; République démocratique populaire lao), commonly referred to by its colloquial name of Muang Lao (Lao: ເມືອງລາວ, Muang Lao), is a landlocked country in the heart of the Indochinese peninsula of Mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southwest and Thailand to the west and southwest.

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Ledi Sayadaw

Ledi Sayadaw U Ñanadhaja (လယ်တီဆရာတော် ဦးဉာဏဓဇ,; 1 December 1846 – 27 June 1923) was an influential Theravada Buddhist monk.

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Legcuffs

Legcuffs are physical restraints used on the ankles of a person to allow walking only with a restricted stride and to prevent running and effective physical resistance.

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Lingua franca

A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vernacular language, or link language is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.

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List of sovereign states

This list of sovereign states provides an overview of sovereign states around the world, with information on their status and recognition of their sovereignty.

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Lokottaravāda

The Lokottaravāda (Sanskrit, लोकोत्तरवाद) was one of the early Buddhist schools according to Mahayana doxological sources compiled by Bhāviveka, Vinitadeva and others, and was a subgroup which emerged from the Mahāsāṃghika.

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Lower Myanmar

Lower Burma (အောက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Outer Myanmar) is a geographic region of Burma (Myanmar) and includes the low-lying Irrawaddy delta (Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country (Rakhine and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region).

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Luang Por

Luang por means "venerable father" and is used as a title for respected senior Buddhist monastics.

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Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro

Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro (10 October 1884 – 3 February 1959), also known as Phramongkolthepmuni (พระมงคลเทพมุนี), was the abbot of Wat Paknam Bhasicharoen from 1916 until his death in 1959.

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Magha Puja

Māgha Pūjā is the second most important Buddhist festival, celebrated on the full moon day of the third lunar month in Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Sri Lanka and on the full moon day of Tabodwe in Myanmar.

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Maha Nikaya

The Maha Nikaya (literal translation: "Great Collection") is one of the two principal fraternities of modern Thai Buddhism.

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Maharashtra

Maharashtra (abbr. MH) is a state in the western region of India and is India's second-most populous state and third-largest state by area.

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Mahasi Sayadaw

Mahasi Sayadaw U Sobhana (မဟာစည်ဆရာတော် ဦးသောဘန,; 29 July 1904 – 14 August 1982) was a Burmese Theravada Buddhist monk and meditation master who had a significant impact on the teaching of Vipassana (Insight) meditation in the West and throughout Asia.

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Mahasthabir Nikaya

The Mahasthabir Nikaya is a Bengali order of Buddhist monks.

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Mahavamsa

The Mahavamsa ("Great Chronicle", Pali Mahāvaṃsa) (5th century CE) is an epic poem written in the Pali language.

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Mahavihara

Mahavihara is the Sanskrit and Pali term for a great vihara (Buddhist monastery) and is used to describe a monastic complex of viharas.

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Mahayana

Mahāyāna (Sanskrit for "Great Vehicle") is one of two (or three, if Vajrayana is counted separately) main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice.

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Mahābhūta

Mahābhūta is Sanskrit and Pāli for "great element.".

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Mahākassapa Thera

Mahākassapa Thera was a 12th-century Sri Lankan forest monk and an abbot of Dimbulagala Raja Maha Vihara, a forest monastery outside of Polonnaruwa.

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Mahāsāṃghika

The Mahāsāṃghika (Sanskrit "of the Great Sangha") was one of the early Buddhist schools.

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Mahīśāsaka

Mahīśāsaka is one of the early Buddhist schools according to some records.

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Mahinda (Buddhist monk)

Mahinda (Sanskrit Mahendra; born third century BCE in Ujjain, modern Madhya Pradesh, India) was a Buddhist monk depicted in Buddhist sources as bringing Buddhism to Sri Lanka.

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Maitreya

Maitreya (Sanskrit), Metteyya (Pali), is regarded as a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology.

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Malay Peninsula

The Malay Peninsula (Tanah Melayu, تانه ملايو; คาบสมุทรมลายู,, မလေး ကျွန်းဆွယ်, 马来半岛 / 馬來半島) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Malaysian Siamese

The Malaysian Siamese, Siamese Malaysians or Thai Malaysians are people of full or partial Thai descent who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia.

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Mantra

A "mantra" ((Sanskrit: मन्त्र)) is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words in Sanskrit believed by practitioners to have psychological and spiritual powers.

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Meditation

Meditation can be defined as a practice where an individual uses a technique, such as focusing their mind on a particular object, thought or activity, to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.

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Melford Spiro

Melford Elliot "Mel" Spiro (April 26, 1920 – October 18, 2014) was an American cultural anthropologist specializing in religion and psychological anthropology.

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Merit (Buddhism)

Merit (puṇya, puñña) is a concept considered fundamental to Buddhist ethics.

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Moggaliputta-Tissa

Moggaliputta-Tissa (ca. 327 BC – 247 BC), (born in Pataliputra, Magadha (now Patna, India) was a Buddhist monk and scholar who lived in the 3rd century BC. David Kalupahana sees him as a predecessor of Nagarjuna in being a champion of the Middle Way and a reviver of the original philosophical ideals of the Buddha. He was the spiritual teacher of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka, and his son Mahinda, who brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka. Moggaliputta-Tissa also presided over the Third Buddhist Council. According to the Mahavamsa, he had consented himself to be reincarnated as a human in order to chair the council, on the request of the arahants who has presided over the second. He was the son of Mogalli of Pataliputra, as Tissa. According to the Mahavamsa, Tissa, who was thoroughly proficient, at a young age was sought after by the Buddhist monks Siggava and Candavajji for conversion, as they went on their daily alms round. At the age of seven, Tissa was angered when Siggava, a Buddhist monk, occupied his seat in his house and berated him. Siggava responded by asking Tissa a question about the Cittayamaka which Tissa was not able to answer, and he expressed a desire to learn the dharma, converting to Buddhism. After obtaining the consent of his parents, he joined the Sangha as Siggava's disciple, who taught him the Vinaya and Candavajji the Abhidhamma Pitakas. He later attained arahantship and became an acknowledged leader of the monks at Pataliputra. He became known as Moggaliputta-Tissa. At a festival for the dedication of the Aśokārāma and the other viharas built by Ashoka, Moggaliputta-Tissa, in answer to a question, informed Ashoka that one becomes a kinsman of the Buddha's religion only by letting one's son or daughter enter the Sangha. Upon this suggestion, Ashoka had both his son Mahinda and daughter Sanghamitta ordained. Moggaliputta acted as Mahinda's teacher until Mahinda was sent to propagate Buddhism in Sri Lanka. Later, due to the great gains which accrued to the Sangha through Ashoka's patronage of Buddhism, he perceived that the Order had become corrupt. He committed the monks to the leadership of Mahinda, and lived in self-imposed solitary retreat for seven years on the Ahoganga pabbata. Ashoka recalled him to Pataliputra after some monks had been murdered by royal officials. After some initial reluctance, he traveled by boat to Pataliputra, and was met at the landing place by Ashoka. Ashoka had a dream on the previous night which royal soothsayers interpreted to mean that an eminent ascetic would touch him on the right hand. As the Moggaliputta touched Ashoka's hand the royal guards were about to carry out an instantaneous death penalty. Ashoka restrained his guards and Moggaliputta took his hand as a sign that he accepted him as a disciple. On the advice of Moggaliputta, Ashoka convened the Third Buddhist Council in Pataliputra, in the Aśokārāma, which was attended by some 1,000 monks in 253 BC. In his presence, Ashoka questioned the assembled monks on their views of various doctrines, and those who held views which were deemed to be contrary to Buddhism were disrobed. He compiled the Kathavatthu, in refutation of those views, and it was in this council that this text was approved and added to the Abhidhamma. Moggaliputta later made arrangements arising from the council to send monks outside of the Mauryan Empire to propagate Buddhism, and arranged for a bodhi tree sapling to be sent to Sri Lanka. He died at the age of eighty in the twenty-sixth year of Ashoka's reign and his relics were enshrined in a stupa in Sanchi along with nine other arahants.

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Mon people

The Mon (မောန် or မည်; မွန်လူမျိုး‌,; មន, มอญ) are an ethnic group from Myanmar living mostly in Mon State, Bago Region, the Irrawaddy Delta and along the southern border of Thailand and Myanmar.

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Mongkut

Phra Bat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Mongkut Phra Chom Klao Chao Yu Hua (พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหามงกุฎ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว), or Rama IV, known in English-speaking countries as King Mongkut (18 October 18041 October 1868), was the fourth monarch of Siam (Thailand) under the House of Chakri, ruling from 1851 to 1868.

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Mun Bhuridatta

Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta Thera (มั่น ภูริทตฺโต,; ຫຼວງປູ່ມັ່ນ ພູຣິທັຕໂຕ), 1870–1949, was a Thai bhikkhu of Lao descent who is credited, along with his mentor, Ajahn Sao Kantasīlo, with establishing the Thai Forest Tradition or "Kammaṭṭhāna tradition" that subsequently spread throughout Thailand and to several countries abroad.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.

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Nepal

Nepal (नेपाल), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल), is a landlocked country in South Asia located mainly in the Himalayas but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

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Nikāya

Nikāya is a Pāḷi word meaning "volume".

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Nirvana

(निर्वाण nirvāṇa; निब्बान nibbāna; णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa) literally means "blown out", as in an oil lamp.

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Noble Eightfold Path

The Noble Eightfold Path (ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, āryāṣṭāṅgamārga) is an early summary of the path of Buddhist practices leading to liberation from samsara, the painful cycle of rebirth.

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Northeast India

Northeast India (officially North Eastern Region, NER) is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country.

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Nyanaponika Thera

Nyanaponika Thera or Nyanaponika Mahathera (July 21, 1901 – 19 October 1994) was a German-born Sri-Lanka-ordained Theravada monk, co-founder of the Buddhist Publication Society, contemporary author of numerous seminal Theravada books, and teacher of contemporary Western Buddhist leaders such as Bhikkhu Bodhi.

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Nyanatiloka

Nyanatiloka Mahathera (19 February 1878, Wiesbaden, Germany – 28 May 1957, Colombo, Ceylon), born as Anton Walther Florus Gueth, was one of the earliest westerners in modern times to become a Bhikkhu, a fully ordained Buddhist monk.

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Pagan Kingdom

The Kingdom of Pagan (ပုဂံခေတ်,, lit. "Pagan Period"; also commonly known as the Pagan Dynasty and the Pagan Empire) was the first kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Burma (Myanmar).

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Pali

Pali, or Magadhan, is a Middle Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent.

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Pali literature

Pali literature is concerned mainly with Theravada Buddhism, of which Pali is the traditional language.

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Pali Text Society

The Pali Text Society is a text publication society founded in 1881 by Thomas William Rhys Davids "to foster and promote the study of Pāli texts".

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Pāli Canon

The Pāli Canon is the standard collection of scriptures in the Theravada Buddhist tradition, as preserved in the Pāli language.

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Philip Novak

Philip Novak is a Sarlo Distinguished Professor of Philosophy and Religion at Dominican University in San Rafael, California.

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Philosophical presentism

Philosophical presentism is the view that neither the future nor the past exist.

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Philosophy of space and time

Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time.

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Polonnaruwa

Poḷonnaruwa (Sinhalese: පොළොන්නරුව, Poḷonnaruwa or Puḷattipura, Tamil: பொலன்னறுவை, Polaṉṉaṟuvai or Puḷatti nakaram) is the main town of Polonnaruwa District in North Central Province, Sri Lanka.

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Prakrit

The Prakrits (प्राकृत; pāuda; pāua) are any of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages formerly spoken in India.

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Pratītyasamutpāda

Pratītyasamutpāda (प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद pratītyasamutpāda; पटिच्चसमुप्पाद paṭiccasamuppāda), commonly translated as dependent origination, or dependent arising, is the principle that all dharmas ("phenomena") arise in dependence upon other dharmas: "if this exists, that exists; if this ceases to exist, that also ceases to exist".

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Prātimokṣa

The Prātimokṣa (Sanskrit prātimokṣa) is a list of rules (contained within the vinaya) governing the behaviour of Buddhist monastics (monks or bhikṣus and nuns or bhikṣuṇīs).

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Preah Maha Ghosananda

Maha Ghosananda (full title Samdech Preah Maha Ghosananda - សម្ដចព្រះមហាឃោសានន្ទ) (May 23, 1913 – March 12, 2007) was a highly revered Cambodian Buddhist monk at CNN.com in the Theravada tradition, who served as the Patriarch (Sangharaja) of Cambodian Buddhism during the Khmer Rouge period and post-communist transition period of Cambodian history.

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Pyu

Pyu, also spelled Phyu or Phyuu, is a town in Taungoo District, Bago Region in Myanmar.

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Pyu city-states

The Pyu city states (ပျူ မြို့ပြ နိုင်ငံများ) were a group of city-states that existed from c. 2nd century BCE to c. mid-11th century in present-day Upper Burma (Myanmar).

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Ram Khamhaeng

King Ram Khamhaeng (พ่อขุนรามคำแหง;; c. 1237/1247 – 1298) was the third king of the Phra Ruang dynasty, ruling the Sukhothai Kingdom (a forerunner of the modern kingdom of Thailand) from 1279–1298, during its most prosperous era.

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Ramanna Nikaya

Ramanna Nikaya (spelled Rāmañña in Pali, also known as Ramanya Nikaya or රාමඤ්ඤ නිකාය) is one of the three major Buddhist orders in Sri Lanka.

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Rebirth (Buddhism)

Rebirth in Buddhism refers to its teaching that the actions of a person lead to a new existence after death, in endless cycles called saṃsāra.

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Richard Gombrich

Richard Francis Gombrich (born 17 July 1937) is an Indologist and scholar of Sanskrit, Pāli, and Buddhist Studies.

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Rupert Gethin

Rupert Mark Lovell Gethin (born 1957, Edinburgh) is Professor of Buddhist Studies in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies and codirector of the Centre for Buddhist Studies at the University of Bristol, and (since 2003) president of the Pali Text Society.

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S. N. Goenka

Satya Narayan Goenka (30 January 1924 – 29 September 2013), commonly known as S.N. Goenka, was a Burmese-Indian teacher of Vipassanā meditation.

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Saṃsāra

Saṃsāra is a Sanskrit word that means "wandering" or "world", with the connotation of cyclic, circuitous change.

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Saṅkhāra

(Pali; Sanskrit) is a term figuring prominently in Buddhism.

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Sacred language

A sacred language, "holy language" (in religious context) or liturgical language is any language that is cultivated and used primarily in religious service or for other religious reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily life.

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Sakadagami

In Buddhism, the Sakadāgāmin (Pali; Sanskrit: Sakṛdāgāmin), "returning once" or "once-returner," is a partially enlightened person, who has cut off the first three chains with which the ordinary mind is bound, and significantly weakened the fourth and fifth.

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Samadhi

Samadhi (Sanskrit: समाधि), also called samāpatti, in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and yogic schools refers to a state of meditative consciousness.

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Samanera

A sāmaṇera (Pali); Sanskrit śrāmaṇera, is a novice male monastic in a Buddhist context.

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Samatha

Samatha (Pāli) or śamatha (शमथ; zhǐ) is the Buddhist practice (bhāvanā भावना) of calming the mind (citta चित्त) and its 'formations' (saṅkhāra संस्कार).

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Sangha

Sangha (saṅgha; saṃgha; සංඝයා; พระสงฆ์; Tamil: சங்கம்) is a word in Pali and Sanskrit meaning "association", "assembly", "company" or "community" and most commonly refers in Buddhism to the monastic community of bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns).

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Sanghamitta

Saṅghamittā (Saṅghamitrā in Sanskrit) was the eldest daughter of Emperor Ashoka (304 BC – 232 BC) and his first wife, Devi.

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Sangharaj Nikaya

The Sangharaja Nikaya is a tradition of Theravada Buddhism, located in Bangladesh.

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Sangharaja

Sangharaja (Pāli: sangha religious community + raja ruler, king, or prince) is the title given in many Theravada Buddhist countries to a senior monk who is the titular head either of a monastic fraternity (nikaya), or of the Sangha throughout the country.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Sarvastivada

The Sarvāstivāda (Sanskrit) were an early school of Buddhism that held to the existence of all dharmas in the past, present and future, the "three times".

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Sāriputta Thera

Sāriputta Thera was a 12th century Sri Lankan scholar monk of Theravada Buddhism.

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Schools of Buddhism

The Schools of Buddhism are the various institutional and doctrinal divisions of Buddhism that have existed from ancient times up to the present.

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Second Buddhist council

The Second Buddhist council took place approximately in 383 BCE, seventy years after the Buddha's parinirvāṇa.

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Shan people

The Shan (တႆး;, ရှမ်းလူမျိုး;; ไทใหญ่ or ฉาน) are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia.

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Sharon Salzberg

Sharon Salzberg (born August 5, 1952) is a New York Times Best selling author and teacher of Buddhist meditation practices in the West.

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Shinbyu

Shinbyu (also spelt shinpyu) is the Burmese term for a novitiation ceremony (pabbajja) in the tradition of Theravada Buddhism, referring to the celebrations marking the sāmaṇera (novitiate) monastic ordination of a boy under the age of 20.

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Shwegyin Nikaya

Shwegyin Nikaya (ရွှေကျင်နိကာယ,, also spelt Shwekyin Nikaya) is the name of the second largest monastic order of monks in Burma.

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Siam Nikaya

The Siam (also Siyamopali and Siyam) Nikaya is a monastic order within Sri Lanka, founded by Upali Thera and located predominantly around the city of Kandy.

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Sinhalese language

Sinhalese, known natively as Sinhala (සිංහල; siṁhala), is the native language of the Sinhalese people, who make up the largest ethnic group in Sri Lanka, numbering about 16 million.

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Skandha

Skandhas (Sanskrit) or khandhas (Pāḷi) means "heaps, aggregates, collections, groupings".

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Sotāpanna

In Buddhism, a sotāpanna (Pali), srotāpanna (Sanskrit;, Tibetan: རྒྱུན་ཞུགས་, Wylie: rgyun zhugs), "stream-winner", or "stream-entrant" is a person who has seen the Dharma and consequently, has dropped the first three fetters (saŋyojana) that bind a being to rebirth, namely self-view (sakkāya-ditthi), clinging to rites and rituals (sīlabbata-parāmāsa), and skeptical indecision (Vicikitsa).

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Soteriology

Soteriology (σωτηρία "salvation" from σωτήρ "savior, preserver" and λόγος "study" or "word") is the study of religious doctrines of salvation.

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South Asia

South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

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Sri Kalyani Yogasrama Samstha

Śrī Kalyāṇī Yogāśrama Saṃsthā (Pali: Siri Kalyāṇī Yogassama Santhā, Sinhala: ශ්‍රී කල්‍යාණී ‍යෝගාශ්‍රම සංස්ථාව), also known as the Galduwa Forest Tradition is an independent part of the Sri Lankan Ramañña Nikāya Buddhist ordination line, with their headquarters in Galduva, Kahawa - Ambalangoda.

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Sri Ksetra Kingdom

Sri Ksetra (Śrī Kṣetra, သရေခေတ္တရာ ပြည်, IPA:; lit. "Field of Fortune"Htin Aung, Maung (1970). Burmese History before 1287: A Defence of the Chronicles. Oxford: The Asoka Society, 8 - 10. or "Field of Glory"), located along the Irrawaddy River at present-day Hmawza, was once a prominent Pyu settlement.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.

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Sri Lankan Forest Tradition

Sri Lankan Forest Monks' Tradition claims a long history.

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Sri Lankans in Malaysia

The Sri Lankan Malaysians are an ethnic group that consists of people of full or partial Sri Lankan descent who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia.

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Sthavira nikāya

The Sthavira nikāya (Sanskrit "Sect of the Elders") was one of the early Buddhist schools.

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Stupa

A stupa (Sanskrit: "heap") is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (śarīra - typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.

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Subcommentaries, Theravada

The subcommentaries (Pali: tika, ṭīkā) are primarily commentaries on the commentaries (Pali: atthakatha) on the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism, written in Sri Lanka.

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Subitism

The term subitism points to sudden enlightenment, the idea that insight is attained all at once.

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Suffering

Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, may be an experience of unpleasantness and aversion associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual.

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Sukha

Sukha (Sanskrit, Pali; Devanagari: सुख) means happiness, pleasure, ease, or bliss, in Sanskrit and Pali.

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Sukhothai Kingdom

The Kingdom of Sukhothai (สุโขทัย, Soo-Ker Ty) was an early kingdom in the area around the city Sukhothai, in north central Thailand.

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Sumatra

Sumatra is an Indonesian island in Southeast Asia that is part of the Sunda Islands.

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Supreme Patriarch of Thailand

The Supreme Patriarch or Sangharaja (สังฆราช) is the head of the order of Buddhist monks in Thailand.

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Sutra

A sutra (Sanskrit: IAST: sūtra; Pali: sutta) is a religious discourse (teaching) in text form originating from the spiritual traditions of India, particularly Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

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Sutta Pitaka

The Sutta Pitaka (or Suttanta Pitaka; Basket of Discourse; cf Sanskrit सूत्र पिटक) is the second of the three divisions of the Tripitaka or Pali Canon, the Pali collection of Buddhist writings of Theravada Buddhism.

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Suvarnabhumi

(सुवर्णभूमि; Pali) is the name of a land mentioned in many ancient Buddhist sources such as the Mahavamsa, some stories of the Jataka tales, and Milinda Panha.

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Svabhava

Svabhava (svabhāva; sabhāva) literally means "own-being" or "own-becoming".

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Syncretism

Syncretism is the combining of different beliefs, while blending practices of various schools of thought.

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Taṇhā

is a Pāli word, related to the Vedic Sanskrit word and, which means "thirst, desire, wish".

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Tai Dam people

The Tai Dam (ไทดำ) are an ethnic minority predominantly from China, northwest Vietnam, Laos, Thailand.

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Tai peoples

Tai peoples refers to the population of descendants of speakers of a common Tai language, including sub-populations that no longer speak a Tai language.

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Tantra

Tantra (Sanskrit: तन्त्र, literally "loom, weave, system") denotes the esoteric traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism that co-developed most likely about the middle of 1st millennium CE.

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Tantric Theravada

Tantric Theravada, Esoteric Southern Buddhism and Borān kammaṭṭhāna ('ancient practices') are terms used to refer to certain Tantric and esoteric practices, views and texts within Theravada Buddhism.

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Tara Brach

Tara Brach (born May 17, 1953) is an American psychologist and proponent of Buddhist meditation.

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Thai Forest Tradition

The Kammaṭṭhāna Forest Tradition of Thailand (Pali: kammaṭṭhāna meaning "place of work"), commonly known in the West as the Thai Forest Tradition, is a lineage of Theravada Buddhist monasticism, as well as the lineage's associated heritage of Buddhist praxis.

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.

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Thanissaro Bhikkhu

hānissaro Bhikkhu, also known as Ajaan Geoff (born 1949), is an American Buddhist monk.

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Theosophical Society

The Theosophical Society was an organization formed in 1875 by Helena Blavatsky to advance Theosophy.

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Thero

Thero (Pali; also appearing in stem-form as thera, feminine therī) is an honorific term for bhikkhus and bhikkhunis (Buddhist monks and nuns) in the Buddhist monastic order.

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Third Buddhist council

The Third Buddhist council was convened in about 250 BCE at Asokarama in Pataliputra, supposedly under the patronage of Emperor Ashoka.

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Three marks of existence

In Buddhism, the three marks of existence are three characteristics (Pali: tilakkhaa; Sanskrit: trilakaa) of all existence and beings, namely impermanence (anicca), unsatisfactoriness or suffering (dukkha), and non-self (anattā).

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Thudhamma Nikaya

Thudhamma Nikaya (သုဓမ္မာနိကာယ,; also spelt Sudhamma Nikaya) is the largest monastic order of monks in Burma, with 85-90% of Burmese monks (250,000) belonging to this order.

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Trāyastriṃśa

The (Sanskrit; Pali) heaven is an important world of the devas in Hindu and Buddhist cosmology.

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Tripiṭaka

The Tripiṭaka (Sanskrit) or Tipiṭaka (Pali), is the traditional term for the Buddhist scriptures.

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U Nārada

U Nārada (နာရဒ; 1868–1955),Robert H. Sharf, Buddhist Modernism and the Rhetoric of Meditative Experience, Numen 42 (1995) pg 242 also Mingun Jetawun Sayādaw or Mingun Jetavana Sayādaw, was a Burmese monk in the Theravada tradition credited with being one of the key figures in the revival of Vipassana meditation.

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U Pandita

Sayadaw U Pandita (ဆရာတော် ဦးပဏ္ဍိတ,; also; 28 July 1921 – 16 April 2016) was one of the foremost masters of Vipassanā.

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Upāsaka and Upāsikā

Upāsaka (masculine) or Upāsikā (feminine) are from the Sanskrit and Pāli words for "attendant".

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Uposatha

The Uposatha (Upavasatha) is a Buddhist day of observance, in existence from the Buddha's time (500 BCE), and still being kept today in Buddhist countries.

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Vajrabodhi

Vajrabodhi (Ch.金剛智) (671–741) was an Indian Buddhist monk and esoteric Buddhist teacher in Tang China.

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Vajrayana

Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia.

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Vassa

Vassa (script, script, both "rain") is the three-month annual retreat observed by Theravada practitioners.

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Vesak

Vesak (Pali: Vesākha, Vaiśākha), also known as Buddha Purnima and Buddha Day, is a holiday traditionally observed by Buddhists and some Hindus on different days in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tibet, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Mongolia and the Philippines and in China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam as "Buddha's Birthday" as well as in other parts of the world.

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Vibhajyavāda

Vibhajyavāda (Sanskrit; Pāli: Vibhajjavāda) was a group of Sthavira Buddhist schools of early Buddhism, who rejected the Sarvastivada teachings at the Third Buddhist council (ca. 250 BCE).

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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View (Buddhism)

View or position (Pali, Sanskrit) is a central idea in Buddhism.

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Vihara

Vihara (विहार, IAST: vihāra) generally refers to a Buddhist bhikkhu monastery.

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Vinaya

The Vinaya (Pali and Sanskrit, literally meaning "leading out", "education", "discipline") is the regulatory framework for the sangha or monastic community of Buddhism based on the canonical texts called the Vinaya Pitaka.

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Vinaya Pitaka

The (Pali; English: Basket of Discipline) is a Buddhist scripture, one of the three parts that make up the Tripitaka (literally. "Three Baskets").

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Vipassana movement

The Vipassanā movement, also called the Insight Meditation Movement, refers to a number of branches of modern Theravāda Buddhism which stress insight into the three marks of existence as the main means to attain awakening and become a stream-enterer.

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Vipassanā

Vipassanā (Pāli) or vipaśyanā (विपश्यन) in the Buddhist tradition means insight into the true nature of reality.

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Vipassanā-ñāṇa

The Vipassanā-ñāṇas (Pali, Sanskrit: Vipaśyanā-jñāna) or insight knowledges are various stages that a practitioner of Buddhist Vipassanā ("insight", "clear-seeing") meditation is said to pass through on the way to nibbana.

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Visuddhimagga

The Visuddhimagga (Pali; English: The Path of Purification), is the 'great treatise' on Theravada Buddhist doctrine written by Buddhaghosa approximately in the 5th Century in Sri Lanka.

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Wa people

The Wa people (Wa language: Vāx; ဝလူမျိုး;; ว้า) are an ethnic group that lives mainly in northern Myanmar, in the northern part of Shan State and the eastern part of Kachin State, near and along Burma's border with China, as well as in Yunnan, China.

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Walpola Rahula

Walpola Rahula (1907–1997) was a Sri Lankan Buddhist monk, scholar and writer.

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West Java

West Java (Jawa Barat, abbreviated as Jabar; Sundanese: Jawa Kulon) is a province of Indonesia.

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Western esotericism

Western esotericism (also called esotericism and esoterism), also known as the Western mystery tradition, is a term under which scholars have categorised a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements which have developed within Western society.

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Wilhelm Geiger

Wilhelm Ludwig Geiger (21 July 1856 – 2 September 1943) was a German Orientalist in the fields of Indo-Iranian languages and the history of Iran and Sri Lanka.

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Xuanzang

Xuanzang (fl. c. 602 – 664) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who travelled to India in the seventh century and described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.

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Yantra

Yantra (यन्त्र) (Sanskrit) (literally "machine, contraption") is a mystical diagram, mainly from the Tantric traditions of the Indian religions.

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Yijing (monk)

Yijing (635–713 CE) was a Tang dynasty Chinese Buddhist monk originally named Zhang Wenming.

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Yogāvacara's manual

The Yogāvacara's manual Theravada Buddhist meditation manual with unique and unorthodox features such as the use of mental images of the elements, the mantra "A-RA-HAN", and the use of a candle for meditation.

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Yunnan

Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theravada

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