81 relations: Alkali metal, Alkaline earth metal, Alloy, Amplitude, Antimony, Arsenic, Batteryless radio, Bismuth, Bismuth telluride, Bulk cargo, Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics), Clathrate compound, Coefficient of performance, Cogeneration, Crystal, Crystal structure, Czochralski process, Density, Density functional theory, Dopant, Electric potential, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electron, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Fermi energy, Figure of merit, Functionally graded material, GPHS-RTG, Group velocity, Halogen, Heat capacity, Heat engine, Lead, Metalloid, MHW-RTG, Micrometre, Mineral, Nanocomposite, Neutron scattering, Oxide, Phonon, Phosphorus, Physical vapor deposition, Pnictogen, Polyhedron, Pyroelectricity, Quantum dot, Quantum-confined Stark effect, Radioisotope thermoelectric generator, Rare-earth element, ..., Refrigerant, Refrigeration, Ruddlesden-Popper phase, Seebeck coefficient, Selenium, Semiconductor, Semimetal, Silicon-germanium, Sintering, Skutterudite, Sodium, Solar thermal energy, Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, Space group, Stoichiometry, Superconductivity, Superlattice, Temperature, Thallium, Thermal conductivity, Thermionic converter, Thermoelectric cooling, Thermoelectric effect, Thermoelectric generator, Thin film, Transition metal, Valence and conduction bands, Vapor-compression refrigeration, Waste heat recovery unit, Wiedemann–Franz law, X-ray. Expand index (31 more) »
Alkali metal
The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, natrium and kalium; these are still the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian.
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Alkaline earth metal
The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table.
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Alloy
An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.
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Amplitude
The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change over a single period (such as time or spatial period).
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Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from stibium) and atomic number 51.
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Arsenic
Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33.
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Batteryless radio
A batteryless radio is a radio receiver which does not require the use of a battery to provide it with electrical power.
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Bismuth
Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83.
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Bismuth telluride
Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is a gray powder that is a compound of bismuth and tellurium also known as bismuth(III) telluride.
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Bulk cargo
Bulk cargo is commodity cargo that is transported unpackaged in large quantities.
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Carnot's theorem (thermodynamics)
Carnot's theorem, developed in 1824 by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, also called Carnot's rule, is a principle that specifies limits on the maximum efficiency any heat engine can obtain.
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Clathrate compound
A clathrate is a chemical substance consisting of a lattice that traps or contains molecules.
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Coefficient of performance
The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP) of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work required.
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Cogeneration
Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time.
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Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
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Crystal structure
In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystalline material.
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Czochralski process
The Czochralski process is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones.
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Density
The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume.
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Density functional theory
Density functional theory (DFT) is a computational quantum mechanical modelling method used in physics, chemistry and materials science to investigate the electronic structure (principally the ground state) of many-body systems, in particular atoms, molecules, and the condensed phases.
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Dopant
A dopant, also called a doping agent, is a trace impurity element that is inserted into a substance (in very low concentrations) to alter the electrical or optical properties of the substance.
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Electric potential
An electric potential (also called the electric field potential, potential drop or the electrostatic potential) is the amount of work needed to move a unit positive charge from a reference point to a specific point inside the field without producing any acceleration.
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Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrical resistivity (also known as resistivity, specific electrical resistance, or volume resistivity) is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.
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Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
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European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is a joint research facility situated in Grenoble, France, and supported by 22 countries (13 member countries: France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, The Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Russia and 9 associate countries: Austria, Portugal, Israel, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, India and South Africa).
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Fermi energy
The Fermi energy is a concept in quantum mechanics usually referring to the energy difference between the highest and lowest occupied single-particle states in a quantum system of non-interacting fermions at absolute zero temperature.
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Figure of merit
A figure of merit is a quantity used to characterize the performance of a device, system or method, relative to its alternatives.
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Functionally graded material
In materials science Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) may be characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over volume, resulting in corresponding changes in the properties of the material.
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GPHS-RTG
GPHS-RTG or General Purpose Heat Source — Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator, is a specific design of the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) used on US space missions.
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Group velocity
The group velocity of a wave is the velocity with which the overall shape of the wave's amplitudes—known as the modulation or envelope of the wave—propagates through space.
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Halogen
The halogens are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
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Heat capacity
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a measurable physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting temperature change.
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Heat engine
In thermodynamics, a heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal energy—and chemical energy—to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work.
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Lead
Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
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Metalloid
A metalloid is any chemical element which has properties in between those of metals and nonmetals, or that has a mixture of them.
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MHW-RTG
The Multihundred-Watt radioisotope thermoelectric generators (MHW RTG) is a type of US radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) developed for the Voyager spacecrafts, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.
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Micrometre
The micrometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is an SI derived unit of length equaling (SI standard prefix "micro-".
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Mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.
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Nanocomposite
Nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nanometers (nm), or structures having nano-scale repeat distances between the different phases that make up the material.
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Neutron scattering
Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials.
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Oxide
An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula.
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Phonon
In physics, a phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, like solids and some liquids.
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Phosphorus
Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15.
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Physical vapor deposition
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings.
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Pnictogen
A pnictogen is one of the chemical elements in group 15 of the periodic table.
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Polyhedron
In geometry, a polyhedron (plural polyhedra or polyhedrons) is a solid in three dimensions with flat polygonal faces, straight edges and sharp corners or vertices.
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Pyroelectricity
Pyroelectricity (from the Greek pyr, fire, and electricity) is the property of certain crystals which are naturally electrically polarized and as a result contain large electric fields.
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Quantum dot
Quantum dots (QD) are very small semiconductor particles, only several nanometres in size, so small that their optical and electronic properties differ from those of larger particles.
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Quantum-confined Stark effect
The quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) describes the effect of an external electric field upon the light absorption spectrum or emission spectrum of a quantum well (QW).
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Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
A Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG, RITEG) is an electrical generator that uses an array of thermocouples to convert the heat released by the decay of a suitable radioactive material into electricity by the Seebeck effect.
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Rare-earth element
A rare-earth element (REE) or rare-earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium.
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Refrigerant
A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle.
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Refrigeration
Refrigeration is a process of removing heat from a low-temperature reservoir and transferring it to a high-temperature reservoir.
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Ruddlesden-Popper phase
Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases are a form of layered perovskite structure consist of two-dimensional perovskite slabs interleaved with cations.
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Seebeck coefficient
The Seebeck coefficient (also known as thermopower, thermoelectric power, and thermoelectric sensitivity) of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material, as induced by the Seebeck effect.
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Selenium
Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34.
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Semiconductor
A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor – such as copper, gold etc.
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Semimetal
A semimetal is a material with a very small overlap between the bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band.
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Silicon-germanium
SiGe, or silicon-germanium, is an alloy with any molar ratio of silicon and germanium, i.e. with a molecular formula of the form Si1−xGex.
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Sintering
Clinker nodules produced by sintering Sintering is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction.
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Skutterudite
Named after the city of Skotterud, Norway, Skutterudite is a cobalt arsenide mineral containing variable amounts of nickel and iron substituting for cobalt with a general formula: CoAs3.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Solar thermal energy
Solar thermal energy (STE) is a form of energy and a technology for harnessing solar energy to generate thermal energy or electrical energy for use in industry, and in the residential and commercial sectors.
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Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SASER) refers to a device that emits acoustic radiation.
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Space group
In mathematics, physics and chemistry, a space group is the symmetry group of a configuration in space, usually in three dimensions.
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Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.
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Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic flux fields occurring in certain materials, called superconductors, when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.
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Superlattice
A superlattice is a periodic structure of layers of two (or more) materials.
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Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.
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Thallium
Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81.
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Thermal conductivity
Thermal conductivity (often denoted k, λ, or κ) is the property of a material to conduct heat.
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Thermionic converter
A thermionic converter consists of a hot electrode which thermionically emits electrons over a potential energy barrier to a cooler electrode, producing a useful electric power output.
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Thermoelectric cooling
Thermoelectric cooling uses the Peltier effect to create a heat flux between the junction of two different types of materials.
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Thermoelectric effect
The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple.
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Thermoelectric generator
A thermoelectric generator (TEG), also called a Seebeck generator, is a solid state device that converts heat flux (temperature differences) directly into electrical energy through a phenomenon called the Seebeck effect (a form of thermoelectric effect).
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Thin film
A thin film is a layer of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer (monolayer) to several micrometers in thickness.
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Transition metal
In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings.
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Valence and conduction bands
In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid.
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Vapor-compression refrigeration
Vapor-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air-conditioning of buildings and automobiles.
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Waste heat recovery unit
A waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) is an energy recovery heat exchanger that transfers heat from process outputs at high temperature to another part of the process for some purpose, usually increased efficiency.
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Wiedemann–Franz law
In physics, the Wiedemann–Franz law states that the ratio of the electronic contribution of the thermal conductivity (&kappa) to the electrical conductivity (&sigma) of a metal is proportional to the temperature (T).
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X-ray
X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_materials