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Thoracic diaphragm

Index Thoracic diaphragm

For other uses, see Diaphragm (disambiguation). The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (partition), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. [1]

115 relations: Abdomen, Abdominal cavity, Amphibian, Anatomical terms of muscle, Anterior longitudinal ligament, Aorta, Aortic hiatus, Ascidiacea, Azygos vein, Barrett's esophagus, Bird anatomy, Brachiocephalic vein, Brainstem, Breathing, Central tendon of diaphragm, Cervical vertebrae, Chordate, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Connective tissue, Costal margin, Costodiaphragmatic recess, Crus of diaphragm, Descending thoracic aorta, Diaphragm, Diaphragmatic breathing, Embryo, Esophageal hiatus, Esophagitis, Esophagus, Exhalation, External intercostal muscles, Feces, Gastroesophageal reflux disease, Gastrointestinal tract, Geniohyoid muscle, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Hagfish, Heart, Hemiazygos vein, Hernia, Hiatal hernia, Homology (biology), Human, Human embryogenesis, Hyoid bone, Hypoplasia, Inferior phrenic arteries, Inferior phrenic vein, Inferior vena cava, Intercostal arteries, ..., Intercostal nerves, Internal intercostal muscles, Internal thoracic artery, Kidney, Lancelet, Lateral arcuate ligament, Liver, Loose connective tissue, Lumbar vertebrae, Lumbocostal triangle, Lung, Lung cancer, Lymphatic vessel, Mammal, Medial arcuate ligament, Model organism, Muscle tissue, Muscles of respiration, Parallel evolution, Pelvic floor, Pericardiacophrenic artery, Pericardium, Phrenic nerve, Pleural cavity, Pleural effusion, Pleuroperitoneal, Pneumoperitoneum, Pubis (bone), Pulmonary pleurae, Rectus abdominis muscle, Reptile, Respiration (physiology), Septum transversum, Sinosauropteryx, Skeletal muscle, Spinal nerve, Splanchnic nerves, Sternocostal triangle, Sternohyoid muscle, Sternum, Stomach, Subcostal nerve, Superior epigastric artery, Superior phrenic arteries, Superior phrenic vein, Suprarenal veins, Sympathetic trunk, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Thoracic cavity, Thoracic diaphragm, Thoracic duct, Thoracic outlet, Thorax, Trachea, Tunicate, Urine, Urogenital diaphragm, Vacuum, Vagus nerve, Vertebra, Vertebral column, Vertebrate, Vomiting, X-ray, Xiphoid process. Expand index (65 more) »

Abdomen

The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates.

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Abdominal cavity

The abdominal cavity is a large body cavity in humans and many other animals that contains many organs.

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Amphibian

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.

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Anatomical terms of muscle

Muscles are described using unique anatomical terminology according to their actions and structure.

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Anterior longitudinal ligament

The anterior longitudinal ligament is a ligament that runs down the anterior surface of the spine.

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Aorta

The aorta is the main artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries).

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Aortic hiatus

The aortic hiatus is a hole in the diaphragm.

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Ascidiacea

Ascidiacea (commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts) is a paraphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders.

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Azygos vein

The azygos vein is a vein running up the side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cava.

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Barrett's esophagus

Barrett's esophagus refers to an (abnormal) change in the cells of the lower portion of the esophagus. It is characterized by the replacement of the normal stratified squamous epithelium lining of the esophagus by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells (which are usually found lower in the gastrointestinal tract). The medical significance of Barrett's esophagus is its strong association (0.1 per 1 cm Prague C>M> total segment length per patient-year) with esophageal adenocarcinoma, a very often deadly cancer, because of which it is considered to be a premalignant condition. The main cause of Barrett's esophagus is thought to be an adaptation to chronic acid exposure from reflux esophagitis The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased substantially in the Western world in recent years. The condition is found in 5–15% of patients who seek medical care for heartburn (gastroesophageal reflux disease), although a large subgroup of patients with Barrett's esophagus do not have symptoms. Diagnosis requires endoscopy (more specifically, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a procedure in which a fibreoptic cable is inserted through the mouth to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) and biopsy. The cells of Barrett's esophagus, after biopsy, are classified into four general categories: nondysplastic, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, and frank carcinoma. High-grade dysplasia and early stages of adenocarcinoma can be treated by endoscopic resection and new endoscopic therapies such as radiofrequency ablation, whereas advanced stages (submucosal) are generally advised to undergo surgical treatment. Nondysplastic and low-grade patients are generally advised to undergo annual observation with endoscopy, with radiofrequency ablation as a therapeutic option. In high-grade dysplasia, the risk of developing cancer might be at 10% per patient-year or greater. The condition is named after the Australian-born British thoracic surgeon Norman Barrett (1903–1979), who described it in 1950. Those with the eating disorder bulimia are more likely to develop Barrett’s esophagus because bulimia can cause severe acid reflux, and because purging also floods the esophagus with acid.

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Bird anatomy

Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight.

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Brachiocephalic vein

The left and right brachiocephalic veins (or innominate veins) in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein.

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Brainstem

The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord.

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Breathing

Breathing (or respiration, or ventilation) is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly by bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide.

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Central tendon of diaphragm

The central tendon of the diaphragm is a thin but strong aponeurosis situated slightly anterior to the vault formed by the muscle, resulting in longer posterior muscle fibers.

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Cervical vertebrae

In vertebrates, cervical vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the vertebrae of the neck, immediately below the skull.

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Chordate

A chordate is an animal belonging to the phylum Chordata; chordates possess a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail, for at least some period of their life cycle.

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Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect of the diaphragm.

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Connective tissue

Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

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Costal margin

The costal margin is the lower edge of the chest (thorax) formed by the bottom edge of the rib cage.

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Costodiaphragmatic recess

The costodiaphragmatic recess, also called the costophrenic recess or phrenicocostal sinus, is a potential space in the pleural cavity, at the posterior-most tips of the cavity, located at the junction of the costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura (in the costophrenic angle).

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Crus of diaphragm

The crus of diaphragm (pl. crura), refers to one of two tendinous structures that extends below the diaphragm to the vertebral column.

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Descending thoracic aorta

The descending thoracic aorta is a part of the aorta located in the thorax.

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Diaphragm

Diaphragm may refer to.

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Diaphragmatic breathing

Diaphragmatic breathing, or deep breathing, is breathing that is done by contracting the diaphragm, a muscle located horizontally between the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity.

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Embryo

An embryo is an early stage of development of a multicellular diploid eukaryotic organism.

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Esophageal hiatus

In human anatomy, the esophageal hiatus is an opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus and the vagus nerve pass.

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Esophagitis

Esophagitis (or oesophagitis) is an inflammation of the esophagus.

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Esophagus

The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet (gut), is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.

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Exhalation

Exhalation (or expiration) is the flow of the breath out of an organism.

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External intercostal muscles

The external intercostal muscles, or external intercostals (Intercostales externi) are eleven in number on both sides.

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Feces

Feces (or faeces) are the solid or semisolid remains of the food that could not be digested in the small intestine.

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), also known as acid reflux, is a long-term condition where stomach contents come back up into the esophagus resulting in either symptoms or complications.

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Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.

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Geniohyoid muscle

The geniohyoid muscle is a narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle.

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Guillain–Barré syndrome

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system.

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Hagfish

Hagfish, the class '''Myxini''' (also known as Hyperotreti), are eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish (occasionally called slime eels).

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Heart

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.

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Hemiazygos vein

The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column.

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Hernia

A hernia is the abnormal exit of tissue or an organ, such as the bowel, through the wall of the cavity in which it normally resides.

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Hiatal hernia

A hiatal hernia is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest.

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Homology (biology)

In biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human embryogenesis

Human embryogenesis is the process of cell division and cellular differentiation of the embryo that occurs during the early stages of development.

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Hyoid bone

The hyoid bone (lingual bone or tongue-bone) is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage.

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Hypoplasia

Hypoplasia (from Ancient Greek ὑπo- hypo-, "under" + πλάσις plasis, "formation"; adjective form hypoplastic) is underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ.

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Inferior phrenic arteries

The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin.

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Inferior phrenic vein

The Inferior Phrenic Veins drain the diaphragm and follow the course of the inferior phrenic arteries;.

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Inferior vena cava

The inferior vena cava (or IVC) is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart.

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Intercostal arteries

The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs ("costae"), called the intercostal space.

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Intercostal nerves

The intercostal nerves are part of the somatic nervous system, and arise from the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11.

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Internal intercostal muscles

The internal intercostal muscles (intercostales interni) are a group of skeletal muscles located between the ribs.

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Internal thoracic artery

In human anatomy, the internal thoracic artery (ITA), previously known as the internal mammary artery (a name still common among surgeons), is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts.

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Kidney

The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.

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Lancelet

The lancelets — also known as amphioxi (singular, amphioxus) consist of about 32 species of fish-like marine chordates in the order Amphioxiformes.

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Lateral arcuate ligament

The lateral arcuate ligament (also lateral lumbocostal arch and external arcuate ligament) is a ligament under the diaphragm that arches across the upper part of the quadratus lumborum muscle.

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Liver

The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

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Loose connective tissue

Loose connective tissue is a category of connective tissue which includes areolar tissue, reticular tissue, and adipose tissue.

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Lumbar vertebrae

The lumbar vertebrae are, in human anatomy, the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.

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Lumbocostal triangle

The Lumbocostal triangle or Bochdalek's foramen is a space between the costal and lumbar parts of the diaphragm.

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Lung

The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.

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Lung cancer

Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.

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Lymphatic vessel

The lymphatic vessels (or lymph vessels or lymphatics) are thin-walled vessels structured like blood vessels, that carry lymph.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Medial arcuate ligament

The medial arcuate ligament (also medial lumbocostal arch and internal arcuate ligament) is a tendinous fascia that arches over the psoas major muscle as it passes through the diaphragm.

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Model organism

A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.

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Muscle tissue

Muscle tissue is a soft tissue that composes muscles in animal bodies, and gives rise to muscles' ability to contract.

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Muscles of respiration

The muscles of respiration are those muscles that contribute to inhalation and exhalation, by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity.

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Parallel evolution

Parallel evolution is the development of a similar trait in related, but distinct, species descending from the same ancestor, but from different clades.

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Pelvic floor

The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus muscle, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis.

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Pericardiacophrenic artery

The pericardiacophrenic artery is a long slender branch of the internal thoracic artery.

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Pericardium

The pericardium is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels.

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Phrenic nerve

The phrenic nerve is a nerve that originates in the neck (C3-C5) and passes down between the lung and heart to reach the diaphragm.

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Pleural cavity

The pleural cavity is the thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae (known as visceral and parietal) of each lung.

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Pleural effusion

A pleural effusion is excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs.

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Pleuroperitoneal

Pleuroperitoneal is a term denoting the pleural and peritoneal serous membranes or the cavities they line.

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Pneumoperitoneum

Pneumoperitoneum is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.

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Pubis (bone)

In vertebrates, the pubic bone is the ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis.

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Pulmonary pleurae

The pulmonary pleurae (sing. pleura) are the two pleurae of the invaginated sac surrounding each lung and attaching to the thoracic cavity.

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Rectus abdominis muscle

The rectus abdominis muscle, also known as the "abdominal muscles" or "abs", is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen, as well as that of some other mammals.

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Reptile

Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.

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Respiration (physiology)

In physiology, respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.

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Septum transversum

The septum transversum is a thick mass of cranial mesenchyme, formed in the embryo, that gives rise to parts of the thoracic diaphragm and the ventral mesentery of the foregut in the developed human being.

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Sinosauropteryx

Sinosauropteryx (meaning "Chinese reptilian wing") is a compsognathid dinosaur.

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Skeletal muscle

Skeletal muscle is one of three major muscle types, the others being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

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Spinal nerve

A spinal nerve is a mixed nerve, which carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.

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Splanchnic nerves

The splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves (nerves that contribute to the innervation of the internal organs), carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system (visceral efferent fibers) as well as sensory fibers from the organs (visceral afferent fibers).

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Sternocostal triangle

The sternocostal triangle or foramina of Morgagni are small zones lying between the costal and sternal attachments of the thoracic diaphragm. Important vessels that pass through these bilateral foramina include the superior epigastric arteries as terminations of the internal thoracic arteries, with accompanying veins and lymphatics. Also known as sternocostal hiatus or (Larrey's) triangle.

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Sternohyoid muscle

The sternohyoid muscle is a thin, narrow muscle attaching the hyoid bone to the sternum, one of the paired strap muscles of the infrahyoid muscles serving to depress the hyoid bone.

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Sternum

The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the center of the chest.

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Stomach

The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.

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Subcostal nerve

The anterior division of the twelfth thoracic nerve (subcostal nerve) is larger than the others; it runs along the lower border of the twelfth rib, often gives a communicating branch to the first lumbar nerve, and passes under the lateral lumbocostal arch.

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Superior epigastric artery

In human anatomy, superior epigastric artery refers to a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood and arises from the internal thoracic artery (referred to as the internal mammary artery in the accompanying diagram).

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Superior phrenic arteries

The superior phrenic arteries are small and arise from the lower part of the thoracic aorta; they are distributed to the posterior part of the upper surface of the diaphragm, and anastomose with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries.

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Superior phrenic vein

The superior phrenic vein, i.e., the vein accompanying the pericardiacophrenic artery, usually opens into the azygos vein.

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Suprarenal veins

The Suprarenal veins are two in number.

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Sympathetic trunk

The sympathetic trunks (sympathetic chain, gangliated cord) are a paired bundle of nerve fibers that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known simply as lupus, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.

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Thoracic cavity

The thoracic cavity (or chest cavity) is the chamber of the body of vertebrates that is protected by the thoracic wall (rib cage and associated skin, muscle, and fascia).

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Thoracic diaphragm

For other uses, see Diaphragm (disambiguation). The thoracic diaphragm, or simply the diaphragm (partition), is a sheet of internal skeletal muscle in humans and other mammals that extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity.

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Thoracic duct

In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the larger of the two lymph ducts of the lymphatic system.

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Thoracic outlet

The thoracic outlet is the lower opening of the thoracic cavity whose edges are the lowest ribs.

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Thorax

The thorax or chest (from the Greek θώραξ thorax "breastplate, cuirass, corslet" via thorax) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals located between the neck and the abdomen.

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Trachea

The trachea, colloquially called the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all air-breathing animals with lungs.

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Tunicate

A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata, which is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords.

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Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.

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Urogenital diaphragm

Older texts have asserted the existence of a urogenital diaphragm, also called the triangular ligament, which was described as a layer of the pelvis that separates the deep perineal sac from the upper pelvis, lying between the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane) and superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.

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Vacuum

Vacuum is space devoid of matter.

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Vagus nerve

The vagus nerve, historically cited as the pneumogastric nerve, is the tenth cranial nerve or CN X, and interfaces with parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract.

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Vertebra

In the vertebrate spinal column, each vertebra is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, the proportions of which vary according to the segment of the backbone and the species of vertebrate.

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Vertebral column

The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is part of the axial skeleton.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

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Vomiting

Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.

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X-ray

X-rays make up X-radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

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Xiphoid process

The xiphoid process, or xiphisternum or metasternum, is a small cartilaginous process (extension) of the lower (inferior) part of the sternum, which is usually ossified in the adult human.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm

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