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78 relations: American Thyroid Association, Anaplastic thyroid cancer, Asian people, Autopsy, Bioscientifica, Bone metastasis, Calcitonin, Cancer, Cancer staging, Carotid sheath, Cell (biology), Cell nucleus, Cervical lymph nodes, Chemotherapy, Chernobyl disaster, Chief Justice of the United States, Cowden syndrome, Daniel Snyder, Endocrine-Related Cancer, Endocrinology, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Euthyroid, Familial adenomatous polyposis, Fine-needle aspiration, Five-year survival rate, Follicular thyroid cancer, Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, Goitre, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Hürthle cell adenoma, Histopathology, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Infrahyoid muscles, Iodine-131, Ionizing radiation, Isotopes of iodine, Jerry Dipoto, Kyshtym disaster, Lenvatinib, Lymphoma, Medical ultrasound, Medullary thyroid cancer, Metastasis, Micrograph, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, Neck, Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, Obesity, Oncology, ..., Overdiagnosis, Papillary thyroid cancer, Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, Radiation, Radiation therapy, Recurrent laryngeal nerve, RET proto-oncogene, Sarcoma, Scintigraphy, Sorafenib, Squamous-cell thyroid carcinoma, Targeted therapy, Thyroid, Thyroid hormones, Thyroid lymphoma, Thyroid nodule, Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Thyroiditis, Thyroidologist, Tissue (biology), TNM staging system, Ultrasound, Unnecessary health care, Vandetanib, VEGF receptor, Watchful waiting, William Rehnquist, Windscale fire. Expand index (28 more) »
American Thyroid Association
The American Thyroid Association (ATA) is a professional organization of over 1700 medical specialists devoted to thyroid biology and to the prevention and treatment of thyroid disease through excellence in research, clinical care, education, and public health.
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Anaplastic thyroid cancer
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a form of thyroid cancer which has a very poor prognosis due to its aggressive behavior and resistance to cancer treatments.
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Asian people
Asian people or Asiatic peopleUnited States National Library of Medicine.
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Autopsy
An autopsy (post-mortem examination, obduction, necropsy, or autopsia cadaverum) is a highly specialized surgical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a corpse by dissection to determine the cause and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present for research or educational purposes.
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Bioscientifica
Established in 1996, Bioscientifica Ltd is the commercial subsidiary of the Society for Endocrinology, and provides publishing, events, and association management services to biomedical societies, and to the pharmaceutical industry.
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Bone metastasis
Bone metastases, or osseous metastatic disease, is a category of cancer metastases that results from primary tumor invasion to bone.
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Calcitonin
Calcitonin (also known as thyrocalcitonin) is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells (also known as C-cells) of the thyroid gland, and in many other animals in the ultimopharyngeal body.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Cancer staging
Cancer staging is the process of determining the extent to which a cancer has developed by growing and spreading.
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Carotid sheath
The carotid sheath is an anatomical term for the fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the vascular compartment of the neck.
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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Cervical lymph nodes
Cervical lymph nodes are lymph nodes found in the neck.
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.
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Chernobyl disaster
The Chernobyl disaster, also referred to as the Chernobyl accident, was a catastrophic nuclear accident.
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Chief Justice of the United States
The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and thus the head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government.
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Cowden syndrome
Cowden syndrome (also known as Cowden's disease and multiple hamartoma syndrome) is an autosomal dominant inherited condition characterized by benign overgrowths called hamartomas as well as an increased lifetime risk of breast, thyroid, uterine, and other cancers.
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Daniel Snyder
Daniel Marc Snyder (born November 23, 1964) is a businessman who is the majority owner of the Washington Redskins American football team, founder of Snyder Communications and primary investor in Red Zebra Broadcasting, which is home to the Redskins Radio ESPN.
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Endocrine-Related Cancer
Endocrine-Related Cancer is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering cancers in endocrine organs — such as the breast, prostate, pituitary, testes, ovaries, and neuroendocrine system — and hormone-dependent cancers occurring elsewhere in the body.
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Endocrinology
Endocrinology (from endocrine + -ology) is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB-1; HER1 in humans) is a transmembrane protein that is a receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF family) of extracellular protein ligands.
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Euthyroid
Euthyroid is the state of having normal thyroid gland function.
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Familial adenomatous polyposis
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited condition in which numerous adenomatous polyps form mainly in the epithelium of the large intestine.
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Fine-needle aspiration
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses.
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Five-year survival rate
The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis.
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Follicular thyroid cancer
Follicular thyroid cancer or follicular thyroid carcinoma accounts for 15% of thyroid cancer and occurs more commonly in women over 50 years of age.
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Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
The was an energy accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima Prefecture, initiated primarily by the tsunami following the Tōhoku earthquake on 11 March 2011.
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Goitre
A goitre or goiter is a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland.
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Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Hashimoto's disease, is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland is gradually destroyed.
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Hürthle cell adenoma
Hürthle cell adenoma is a rare benign tumor, typically seen in women between the ages of 70 and 80 years old.
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Histopathology
Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ἱστός histos "tissue", πάθος pathos "suffering", and -λογία -logia "study of") refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease.
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Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.
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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone.
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Infrahyoid muscles
The infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles) are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck.
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Iodine-131
Iodine-131 (131I) is an important radioisotope of iodine discovered by Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood in 1938 at the University of California, Berkeley.
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Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation (ionising radiation) is radiation that carries enough energy to liberate electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby ionizing them.
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Isotopes of iodine
There are 37 known isotopes of iodine (53I) from 108I to 144I; all undergo radioactive decay except 127I, which is stable.
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Jerry Dipoto
Gerard Peter Dipoto (born May 24, 1968) is an American baseball executive and former professional player.
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Kyshtym disaster
The Kyshtym disaster was a radioactive contamination accident that occurred on 29 September 1957 at Mayak, a plutonium production site in Russia for nuclear weapons and nuclear fuel reprocessing plant of the Soviet Union.
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Lenvatinib
Lenvatinib (trade name Lenvima) is an anti-cancer drug for the treatment of certain kinds of thyroid cancer, and potentially for other cancers as well.
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Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a group of blood cancers that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).
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Medical ultrasound
Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound.
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Medullary thyroid cancer
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a form of thyroid carcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells (C cells), which produce the hormone calcitonin.
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Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; it is typically spoken of as such spread by a cancerous tumor.
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Micrograph
A micrograph or photomicrograph is a photograph or digital image taken through a microscope or similar device to show a magnified image of an item.
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) (also known as "Pheochromocytoma and amyloid producing medullary thyroid carcinoma", "PTC syndrome," and "Sipple syndrome") is a group of medical disorders associated with tumors of the endocrine system.
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Neck
The neck is the part of the body, on many vertebrates, that separates the head from the torso.
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Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features
Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) is an indolent thyroid tumor that was previously classified as an encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, necessitating a new classification as it was recognized that encapsulated tumors without invasion have an indolent behavior, and may be over-treated if classified as a type of cancer.
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Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
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Oncology
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
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Overdiagnosis
Overdiagnosis is the diagnosis of "disease" that will never cause symptoms or death during a patient's ordinarily expected lifetime.
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Papillary thyroid cancer
Papillary thyroid cancer or papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer, representing 75 percent to 85 percent of all thyroid cancer cases.
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Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer
Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is malignant neoplasm of follicular cell origin showing intermediate histopathological patterns between differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancers.
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Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
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Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is therapy using ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator.
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve
The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles.
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RET proto-oncogene
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase for members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of extracellular signalling molecules.
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Sarcoma
A sarcoma is a cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin.
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Scintigraphy
Scintigraphy ("scint", Latin scintilla, spark) is a diagnostic test in nuclear medicine, where radioisotopes attached to drugs that travel to a specific organ or tissue (radiopharmaceuticals) are taken internally and the emitted gamma radiation is captured by external detectors (gamma cameras) to form two-dimensional images in a similar process to the capture of x-ray images.
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Sorafenib
Sorafenib (co-developed and co-marketed by Bayer and Onyx Pharmaceuticals as Nexavar), is a kinase inhibitor drug approved for the treatment of primary kidney cancer (advanced renal cell carcinoma), advanced primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), and radioactive iodine resistant advanced thyroid carcinoma.
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Squamous-cell thyroid carcinoma
Squamous-cell thyroid carcinoma (SCTC) is rare malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland which shows tumor cells with distinct squamous differentiation.
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Targeted therapy
Targeted therapy or molecularly targeted therapy is one of the major modalities of medical treatment (pharmacotherapy) for cancer, others being hormonal therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy.
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Thyroid
The thyroid gland, or simply the thyroid, is an endocrine gland in the neck, consisting of two lobes connected by an isthmus.
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Thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormones are two hormones produced and released by the thyroid gland, namely triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).
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Thyroid lymphoma
Thyroid lymphoma is a rare malignant tumor constituting 1% to 2% of all thyroid malignancies and less than 2% of lymphomas.
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Thyroid nodule
Thyroid nodules are nodules (raised areas of tissue or fluid) which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland.
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin, thyrotropic hormone, TSH, or hTSH for human TSH) is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (T4), and then triiodothyronine (T3) which stimulates the metabolism of almost every tissue in the body.
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Thyroiditis
Thyroiditis is the inflammation of the thyroid gland.
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Thyroidologist
A thyroidologist is a medical practitioner specializing in the thyroid and related areas.
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Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
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TNM staging system
The TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours (TNM) is a notation system that describes the stage of a cancer which originates from a solid tumour with alphanumeric codes.
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Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing.
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Unnecessary health care
Unnecessary health care (overutilization, overuse, or overtreatment) is healthcare provided with a higher volume or cost than is appropriate.
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Vandetanib
Vandetanib (INN, trade name Caprelsa) is an anti-cancer drug that is used for the treatment of certain tumours of the thyroid gland.
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VEGF receptor
VEGF receptors are receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
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Watchful waiting
Watchful waiting (also watch and wait or WAW) is an approach to a medical problem in which time is allowed to pass before medical intervention or therapy is used.
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William Rehnquist
William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005) was an American lawyer and jurist who served on the Supreme Court of the United States for 33 years, first as an Associate Justice from 1972 to 1986, and then as the 16th Chief Justice of the United States from 1986 until his death in 2005.
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Windscale fire
The Windscale fire of 10 October 1957 was the worst nuclear accident in Great Britain's history, ranked in severity at level 5 out of a possible 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.
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Cancer of the thyroid, Causes of thyroid cancer, Thyroid Cancer, Thyroid cancers.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_cancer
