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Toulouse

Index Toulouse

Toulouse (Tolosa, Tolosa) is the capital of the French department of Haute-Garonne and of the region of Occitanie. [1]

310 relations: Académie française, Aeronautics, Aerospace Valley, Airbus, Airbus A320 family, Airbus A330, Airbus A350 XWB, Airbus A380, Albert Dauzat, Albert Fert, Alexandre Falguière, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers, Amusement park, André Abbal, Antoine Bourdelle, Antonin Mercié, Apollo, Aquitaine, Aquitanian language, Aragon, Ariane 5, Asteroid, Astrium, Atlanta, Atlantic Ocean, ATR (aircraft manufacturer), AZF (factory), École d'ingénieurs de Purpan, École nationale de l'aviation civile, École nationale de la météorologie, École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, École nationale supérieure de formation de l’enseignement agricole, École Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques, École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées, Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse, Battle of Toulouse (1814), Battle of Toulouse (721), Battle of Toulouse (844), Battle of Tours, Battle of Vouillé, Bazacle, Biotechnology, Black Death, Blagnac, Bologna, Bordeaux, Bordeaux wine, Botanical garden, Bronze sculpture, Camino de Santiago, ..., Canal de Brienne, Canal du Midi, Canon Alberic's Scrap-Book, Canton of Toulouse-1, Canton of Toulouse-10, Canton of Toulouse-11, Canton of Toulouse-2, Canton of Toulouse-3, Canton of Toulouse-4, Canton of Toulouse-5, Canton of Toulouse-6, Canton of Toulouse-7, Canton of Toulouse-8, Canton of Toulouse-9, Capitole de Toulouse, Carlos Gardel, Carolingian Empire, Cassoulet, Catharism, Catholic Church, Catholic University of Toulouse, Challenges (magazine), Championship (rugby league), Charles Martel, Charles Rostaing, Charles the Bald, Charles VII of France, Chongqing, Christendom, Church of the Jacobins, Cité de l'espace, Claude Nougaro, Clément Ader, Clovis I, CNES, Colomiers, Communes of France, Concorde, Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel, Consistori del Gay Saber, County of Toulouse, Crusades, Cyril Kongo, Düsseldorf, Departments of France, Deutsche Schule Toulouse, Dominican Order, Dominique Baudis, Duchy of Aquitaine, E-Artsup, Early modern period, Elche, ENSEEIHT, Epitech, EuroBasket 1999, European Rugby Champions Cup, Federal Communications Commission, Fermat's Last Theorem, First Crusade, First French Empire, Fleur-de-lis, Foie gras, Françoise de Veyrinas, France, Francia, French Revolution, French Section of the Workers' International, Galileo (satellite navigation), Gallia Narbonensis, Garbure, Gare de Toulouse-Matabiau, Gare de Toulouse-Saint-Cyprien-Arènes, Gargoyle, Garonne, Gauls, Georges Guiraud, Georges Labit Museum, Ghost Stories of an Antiquary, Greek language, Groupe Latécoère, Hamburg, Hanoi, Haute-Garonne, Hôpital de La Grave, Hôtel d'Assézat, Hôtel de Bernuy, Hôtel du Vieux-Raisin, Hôtel particulier, Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin, Hers-Mort, History of the tango, History of Toulouse, Humid subtropical climate, Hundred Years' War, Iberian language, Indigo dye, Institut catholique d'arts et métiers, Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse, Institut national des sciences appliquées de Toulouse, Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées, Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace, Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action, Institut supérieur européen de gestion group, Intel, International School of Toulouse, Iron Age Europe, Isatis tinctoria, Jardin des Plantes, Toulouse, Jean Calas, Jean Dausset, Jean Tirole, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol, Jean-de-Dieu Soult, Jean-Jacques Laffont, Jean-Luc Moudenc, Joan, Countess of Toulouse, John Calvin, Köppen climate classification, Kiev, Kingdom of France, L'Express, Languedoc, Late Middle Ages, Le château d’eau, pôle photographique de Toulouse, Lebanon, Les Abattoirs, Ligue 1, Lille, List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants (2006 census), List of works by Alexandre Falguière, List of works by Antonin Mercié, Louis IX of France, Lourdes, Lyon, Lyric poetry, M. 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Académie française

The Académie française is the pre-eminent French council for matters pertaining to the French language.

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Aeronautics

Aeronautics (from the ancient Greek words ὰήρ āēr, which means "air", and ναυτική nautikē which means "navigation", i.e. "navigation into the air") is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere.

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Aerospace Valley

Aerospace Valley is a French cluster of aerospace engineering companies and research centres.

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Airbus

Airbus SE is a European corporation, registered in the Netherlands and trading shares in France, Germany and Spain.

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Airbus A320 family

The Airbus A320 family consists of short- to medium-range, narrow-body, commercial passenger twin-engine jet airliners manufactured by Airbus.

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Airbus A330

The Airbus A330 is a medium- to long-range wide-body twin-engine jet airliner made by Airbus.

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Airbus A350 XWB

The Airbus A350 XWB is a family of long-range, twin-engine wide-body jet airliners developed by European aerospace manufacturer Airbus.

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Airbus A380

The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by multi-national manufacturer Airbus.

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Albert Dauzat

Albert Dauzat (4 July 1877 – 31 October 1955) was a French linguist specializing in toponymy and onomastics.

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Albert Fert

Albert Fert (born 7 March 1938) is a French physicist and one of the discoverers of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disks.

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Alexandre Falguière

Jean Alexandre Joseph Falguière (also given as Jean-Joseph-Alexandre Falguière, or in short Alexandre Falguière) (7 September 183120 April 1900) was a French sculptor and painter.

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Alphonse, Count of Poitiers

Alphonse or Alfonso (11 November 122021 August 1271) was the Count of Poitou from 1225 and Count of Toulouse (as Alphonse II) from 1249.

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Amusement park

An amusement park is a park that features various attractions, such as rides and games, as well as other events for entertainment purposes.

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André Abbal

André Abbal (1876–1953) was a French sculptor.

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Antoine Bourdelle

Antoine Bourdelle (30 October 1861 – 1 October 1929), born Émile Antoine Bordelles, was an influential and prolific French sculptor, painter, and teacher.

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Antonin Mercié

Marius Jean Antonin Mercié (Toulouse October 30, 1845December 13, 1916 Paris), was a French sculptor and painter.

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Apollo

Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: Ἀπόλλων, Apollōn (Ἀπόλλωνος); Doric: Ἀπέλλων, Apellōn; Arcadocypriot: Ἀπείλων, Apeilōn; Aeolic: Ἄπλουν, Aploun; Apollō) is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology.

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Aquitaine

Aquitaine (Aquitània; Akitania; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Aguiéne), archaic Guyenne/Guienne (Occitan: Guiana) was a traditional region of France, and was an administrative region of France until 1 January 2016.

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Aquitanian language

The Aquitanian language was spoken on both sides of the western Pyrenees in ancient Aquitaine (approximately between the Pyrenees and the Garonne, in the region later known as Gascony) and in the areas south of the Pyrenees in the valleys of the Basque Country before the Roman conquest.

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Aragon

Aragon (or, Spanish and Aragón, Aragó or) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.

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Ariane 5

Ariane 5 is a European heavy-lift launch vehicle that is part of the Ariane rocket family, an expendable launch system used to deliver payloads into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) or low Earth orbit (LEO).

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Asteroid

Asteroids are minor planets, especially those of the inner Solar System.

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Astrium

Astrium was an aerospace manufacturer subsidiary of the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) that provided civil and military space systems and services from 2006 to 2013.

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Atlanta

Atlanta is the capital city and most populous municipality of the state of Georgia in the United States.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.

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ATR (aircraft manufacturer)

ATR (Aerei da Trasporto Regionale or Avions de transport régional; Regional Air Transport in English) is a Franco-Italian aircraft manufacturer headquartered on the grounds of Toulouse Blagnac International Airport in Blagnac, France.

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AZF (factory)

AZF (French initialism for AZote Fertilisant, i.e. nitrogen fertiliser) was the name of a chemical factory in Toulouse, France, which exploded on 21 September 2001.

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École d'ingénieurs de Purpan

Located in the campus of University of Toulouse in France, École d'ingénieurs de Purpan is a Graduate Engineering school, created in 1919.

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École nationale de l'aviation civile

The (ENAC) (French Civil Aviation University) is one of the 207 schools that offers degrees in engineering in France.

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École nationale de la météorologie

Located in Toulouse in France, École nationale de la météorologie (ENM, French Meteorology University) is a renowned Graduate Engineering school in meteorology, with roots back to 1948 as the École de la météorologie.

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École Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse

The School of Agricultural and Life Sciences (Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse) is a French public and national Grande Ecole in agricultural and life sciences, funded by the Ministry of Higher Education and Research and member of Toulouse Tech.

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École nationale supérieure de formation de l’enseignement agricole

Located in the campus of Université fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées in France, École nationale supérieure de formation de l’enseignement agricole is a renowned Agricultural school, with roots back to 1963 as the École nationale de formation agronomique, re-organised in 2016 as École nationale supérieure de formation de l’enseignement agricole.

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École Nationale Supérieure des Ingénieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques

The École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques, or INP-ENSIACET (or A7), is a high-level selective institute, located in Toulouse, France.

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École pour l'informatique et les techniques avancées

The École Pour l'Informatique et les Techniques Avancées (the "Graduate School of Computer Science and Advanced Technologies"), more commonly known as EPITA is a French grande école specialized in the field of computer science and software engineering.

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Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse

The Basilica of Saint-Sernin (Occitan: Basilica de Sant Sarnin) is a church in Toulouse, France, the former abbey church of the Abbey of Saint-Sernin or St Saturnin.

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Battle of Toulouse (1814)

The Battle of Toulouse (10 April 1814) was one of the final battles of the Napoleonic Wars, four days after Napoleon's surrender of the French Empire to the nations of the Sixth Coalition.

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Battle of Toulouse (721)

The Battle of Toulouse (721) was a victory of an Aquitanian Christian army led by Duke Odo of Aquitaine over an Umayyad Muslim army besieging the city of Toulouse, and led by the governor of Al-Andalus, Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani.

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Battle of Toulouse (844)

The Battle of Toulouse in 844 was part of the campaign by Charles the Bald in Aquitaine to force the submission of Pepin II of Aquitaine, the rebellious son of Pepin, the half-brother of Charles.

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Battle of Tours

The Battle of Tours (10 October 732) – also called the Battle of Poitiers and, by Arab sources, the Battle of the Palace of the Martyrs (Ma'arakat Balāṭ ash-Shuhadā’) – was fought by Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate led by Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, Governor-General of al-Andalus.

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Battle of Vouillé

The Battle of Vouillé — or Vouglé (from Latin Campus Vogladensis) — was fought in the northern marches of Visigothic territory, at Vouillé near Poitiers (Gaul), in the spring of 507 between the Franks commanded by Clovis and the Visigoths commanded by Alaric II.

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Bazacle

The Bazacle is a structure in and on the banks of the River Garonne in the French city of Toulouse.

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology is the broad area of science involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).

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Black Death

The Black Death, also known as the Great Plague, the Black Plague, or simply the Plague, was one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, resulting in the deaths of an estimated people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.

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Blagnac

Blagnac (Blanhac) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

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Bologna

Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.

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Bordeaux

Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: Bordèu) is a port city on the Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.

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Bordeaux wine

A Bordeaux wine is any wine produced in the Bordeaux region of southwest France, centred on the city of Bordeaux on the Garonne River, to the north of the city the Dordogne River joins the Garonne forming the broad estuary called the Gironde and covering the whole area of the Gironde department,with a total vineyard area of over 120,000 hectares, making it the largest wine growing area in France.

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Botanical garden

A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms botanic and botanical and garden or gardens are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word botanic is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens.

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Bronze sculpture

Bronze is the most popular metal for cast metal sculptures; a cast bronze sculpture is often called simply a "bronze".

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Camino de Santiago

The Camino de Santiago (Peregrinatio Compostellana, "Pilgrimage of Compostela"; O Camiño de Santiago), known in English as the Way of Saint James among other names, is a network of pilgrims' ways serving pilgrimage to the shrine of the apostle Saint James the Great in the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia in northwestern Spain, where tradition has it that the remains of the saint are buried.

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Canal de Brienne

The Canal de Brienne (also known as the "Canal de Saint-Pierre") is a French canal connecting the Garonne River with the Canal du Midi and the Canal de Garonne.

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Canal du Midi

The Canal du Midi (meaning canal of the two seas) is a long canal in Southern France (le Midi).

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Canon Alberic's Scrap-Book

"Canon Alberic's Scrap-Book" is the first story in the first collection of ghost stories published by M. R. James, Ghost Stories of an Antiquary.

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Canton of Toulouse-1

The canton of Toulouse-1 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-10

The canton of Toulouse-10 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-11

The canton of Toulouse-11 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-2

The canton of Toulouse-2 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-3

The canton of Toulouse-3 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-4

The canton of Toulouse-4 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-5

The canton of Toulouse-5 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-6

The canton of Toulouse-6 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-7

The canton of Toulouse-7 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-8

The canton of Toulouse-8 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Canton of Toulouse-9

The canton of Toulouse-9 is an administrative division of the Haute-Garonne department, southern France.

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Capitole de Toulouse

The Capitole back side The Capitole (French for "capitol") is the heart of the municipal administration of the French city of Toulouse and its city hall.

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Carlos Gardel

Carlos Gardel (born Charles Romuald Gardès; 11 December 1890 – 24 June 1935) was a French Argentine singer, songwriter, composer and actor, and the most prominent figure in the history of tango.

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Carolingian Empire

The Carolingian Empire (800–888) was a large empire in western and central Europe during the early Middle Ages.

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Cassoulet

Cassoulet (from Occitan caçolet) is a rich, slow-cooked casserole originating in the south of France, containing meat (typically pork sausages, goose, duck and sometimes mutton), pork skin (couennes) and white beans (haricots blancs).

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Catharism

Catharism (from the Greek: καθαροί, katharoi, "the pure ") was a Christian dualist or Gnostic revival movement that thrived in some areas of Southern Europe, particularly northern Italy and what is now southern France, between the 12th and 14th centuries.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Catholic University of Toulouse

The Institut Catholique de Toulouse (or ICT) is a Catholic university in Toulouse, France.

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Challenges (magazine)

Challenges is a French language weekly business magazine headquartered in Paris, France.

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Championship (rugby league)

The Championship is a professional rugby league competition.

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Charles Martel

Charles Martel (c. 688 – 22 October 741) was a Frankish statesman and military leader who as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death.

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Charles Rostaing

Charles Rostaing (9 October 1904 – 24 April 1999) was a French linguist who specialised in toponymy.

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Charles the Bald

Charles the Bald (13 June 823 – 6 October 877) was the King of West Francia (843–877), King of Italy (875–877) and Holy Roman Emperor (875–877, as Charles II).

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Charles VII of France

Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called the Victorious (le Victorieux)Charles VII, King of France, Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War, ed.

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Chongqing

Chongqing, formerly romanized as Chungking, is a major city in southwest China.

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Christendom

Christendom has several meanings.

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Church of the Jacobins

The Church of the Jacobins is a deconsecrated Roman Catholic church located in Toulouse, France.

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Cité de l'espace

The Cité de l'espace (City of Space) is a theme park focused on space and the conquest of space.

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Claude Nougaro

Claude Nougaro (9 September 1929 – 4 March 2004) was a French songwriter and singer.

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Clément Ader

Clément Ader (2 April 1841 – 3 May 1925) was a French inventor and engineer who was born in Muret, Haute-Garonne (a distant suburb of Toulouse), and died in Toulouse.

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Clovis I

Clovis (Chlodovechus; reconstructed Frankish: *Hlōdowig; 466 – 27 November 511) was the first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, changing the form of leadership from a group of royal chieftains to rule by a single king and ensuring that the kingship was passed down to his heirs.

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CNES

The Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES) (English: National Centre for Space Studies) is the French government space agency (administratively, a "public administration with industrial and commercial purpose").

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Colomiers

Colomiers is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.

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Communes of France

The commune is a level of administrative division in the French Republic.

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Concorde

The Aérospatiale/BAC Concorde is a British-French turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner that was operated from 1976 until 2003.

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Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel

The Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (Superior Council of the Audiovisual), abbreviated CSA, is a French institution created in 1989 whose role is to regulate the various electronic media in France, such as radio and television.

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Consistori del Gay Saber

The Consistori del Gay Saber ("Consistory of the Gay Science") was a poetic academy founded at Toulouse in 1323 to revive and perpetuate the lyric poetry of the troubadours.

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County of Toulouse

The County of Toulouse was a territory in southern France consisting of the city of Toulouse and its environs, ruled by the Count of Toulouse from the late 9th century until the late 13th century.

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Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Cyril Kongo

Cyril Kongo (also known as Kongo), (born 1969 as Cyril Phan in Toulouse, France) is a French painter and graffiti artist.

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Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf (Low Franconian, Ripuarian: Düsseldörp), often Dusseldorf in English sources, is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the seventh most populous city in Germany. Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs.

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Departments of France

In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.

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Deutsche Schule Toulouse

Deutsche Schule Toulouse is a German international school in Colomiers, France, near Toulouse, serving years 1-12.

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Dominican Order

The Order of Preachers (Ordo Praedicatorum, postnominal abbreviation OP), also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the Papal bull Religiosam vitam on 22 December 1216.

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Dominique Baudis

Dominique Baudis (14 April 1947 – 10 April 2014) was the French ombudsman.

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Duchy of Aquitaine

The Duchy of Aquitaine (Ducat d'Aquitània,, Duché d'Aquitaine) was a historical fiefdom in western, central and southern areas of present-day France to the south of the Loire River, although its extent, as well as its name, fluctuated greatly over the centuries, at times comprising much of what is now southwestern France (Gascony) and central France.

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E-Artsup

E-Artsup is a French private university created in 2001 and specialized in digital creativity and multimedia.

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Early modern period

The early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages of the post-classical era.

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Elche

Elche, or Elx, is a town located in the comarca of Baix Vinalopó, Spain.

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ENSEEIHT

The École nationale supérieure d'électrotechnique, d'électronique, d'informatique, d'hydraulique et des télécommunications (ENSEEIHT) is a French engineering school (Grande École) in Electrical Engineering, Electronics, Computer Science, Hydraulics and Telecommunications.

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Epitech

The Paris Graduate School of Digital Innovation (École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies, or Epitech), formerly European Institute of Information Technology in English is a private institution of higher education in general computer science that was founded in 1999 and has been accredited by the French government.

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EuroBasket 1999

The 1999 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1999, was the 31st FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship held by FIBA Europe, which also served as Europe qualifier for the 2000 Olympic Tournament, giving a berth to the top five (or six, depending on Yugoslavia reaching one of the top five places) teams in the final standings.

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European Rugby Champions Cup

The European Rugby Champions Cup (known as the Heineken Champions Cup for sponsorship reasons) is an annual rugby union tournament organised by European Professional Club Rugby (EPCR).

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Federal Communications Commission

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States government created by statute (and) to regulate interstate communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.

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Fermat's Last Theorem

In number theory, Fermat's Last Theorem (sometimes called Fermat's conjecture, especially in older texts) states that no three positive integers,, and satisfy the equation for any integer value of greater than 2.

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First Crusade

The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095.

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First French Empire

The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.

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Fleur-de-lis

The fleur-de-lis/fleur-de-lys (plural: fleurs-de-lis/fleurs-de-lys) or flower-de-luce is a stylized lily (in French, fleur means "flower", and lis means "lily") that is used as a decorative design or motif, and many of the Catholic saints of France, particularly St. Joseph, are depicted with a lily.

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Foie gras

Foie gras (French for "fat liver") is a luxury food product made of the liver of a duck or goose that has been specially fattened.

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Françoise de Veyrinas

Françoise de Veyrinas (4 September 1943 – 16 August 2008), born Gardey de Soos, was a French politician and Member of the European Parliament.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Francia

Francia, also called the Kingdom of the Franks (Regnum Francorum), or Frankish Empire was the largest post-Roman Barbarian kingdom in Western Europe.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.

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French Section of the Workers' International

The French Section of the Workers' International (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO) was a French socialist political party founded in 1905 and replaced in 1969 by the current Socialist Party (PS).

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Galileo (satellite navigation)

Galileo is the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that is being created by the European Union (EU) through the European Space Agency (ESA), headquartered in Prague in the Czech Republic, with two ground operations centres, Oberpfaffenhofen near Munich in Germany and Fucino in Italy.

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Gallia Narbonensis

Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France.

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Garbure

Garbure is a thick French soup or stew of ham with cabbage and other vegetables, usually with cheese and stale bread added.

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Gare de Toulouse-Matabiau

Toulouse-Matabiau is the main railway station in Toulouse, southern France.

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Gare de Toulouse-Saint-Cyprien-Arènes

Toulouse-Saint-Cyprien-Arènes is a railway station in Toulouse, Occitanie, France.

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Gargoyle

In architecture, a gargoyle is a carved or formed grotesque with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building, thereby preventing rainwater from running down masonry walls and eroding the mortar between.

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Garonne

The Garonne (Garonne,; in Occitan, Catalan, and Spanish: Garona; Garumna or Garunna) is a river in southwest France and northern Spain, with a length of.

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Gauls

The Gauls were Celtic people inhabiting Gaul in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD).

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Georges Guiraud

Georges, Dominique, Jacques Guiraud (8 March 1868 – 11 March 1928) was a French organist, cellist and composer.

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Georges Labit Museum

The Georges Labit Museum (Musée Georges Labit) (founded in 1893) is an archaeological museum located in Toulouse, France.

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Ghost Stories of an Antiquary

Ghost Stories of an Antiquary is the title of M. R. James' first collection of ghost stories, published in 1904 (some had previously appeared in magazines).

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Groupe Latécoère

The Groupe Latécoère is an aircraft company based in Toulouse, France.

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Hamburg

Hamburg (locally), Hamborg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),Constitution of Hamburg), is the second-largest city of Germany as well as one of the country's 16 constituent states, with a population of roughly 1.8 million people. The city lies at the core of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region which spreads across four German federal states and is home to more than five million people. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. The city has repeatedly been beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, exceptional coastal flooding and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids. Historians remark that the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. Situated on the river Elbe, Hamburg is home to Europe's second-largest port and a broad corporate base. In media, the major regional broadcasting firm NDR, the printing and publishing firm italic and the newspapers italic and italic are based in the city. Hamburg remains an important financial center, the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, italic, italic, italic, and Unilever. The city is a forum for and has specialists in world economics and international law with such consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. In recent years, the city has played host to multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Former German Chancellor italic, who governed Germany for eight years, and Angela Merkel, German chancellor since 2005, come from Hamburg. The city is a major international and domestic tourist destination. It ranked 18th in the world for livability in 2016. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. Among its most notable cultural venues are the italic and italic concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's italic is among the best-known European entertainment districts.

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Hanoi

Hanoi (or; Hà Nội)) is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city by population. The population in 2015 was estimated at 7.7 million people. The city lies on the right bank of the Red River. Hanoi is north of Ho Chi Minh City and west of Hai Phong city. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Huế, the imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn Dynasty (1802–1945). In 1873 Hanoi was conquered by the French. From 1883 to 1945, the city was the administrative center of the colony of French Indochina. The French built a modern administrative city south of Old Hanoi, creating broad, perpendicular tree-lined avenues of opera, churches, public buildings, and luxury villas, but they also destroyed large parts of the city, shedding or reducing the size of lakes and canals, while also clearing out various imperial palaces and citadels. From 1940 to 1945 Hanoi, as well as the largest part of French Indochina and Southeast Asia, was occupied by the Japanese. On September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). The Vietnamese National Assembly under Ho Chi Minh decided on January 6, 1946, to make Hanoi the capital of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam, and it became the capital of a reunified Vietnam in 1976, after the North's victory in the Vietnam War. October 2010 officially marked 1,000 years since the establishment of the city. The Hanoi Ceramic Mosaic Mural is a ceramic mosaic mural created to mark the occasion.

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Haute-Garonne

Haute-Garonne (Nauta Garona; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwest of France named after the Garonne river.

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Hôpital de La Grave

The Hôpital de La Grave is a hospital situated in the Saint-Cyprien quartier of Toulouse in Southwest France on the left bank of the Garonne.

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Hôtel d'Assézat

The Hôtel d'Assézat in Toulouse, France, is a Renaissance hôtel particulier (palace) of the 16th century which houses the Bemberg Foundation, a major art gallery of the city.

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Hôtel de Bernuy

The Hôtel de Bernuy in rue Léon Gambetta, Toulouse, France, is a Renaissance hôtel particulier (palace) of the 16th century built by the mason Louis Privat for the woad merchant, Jean de Bernuy.

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Hôtel du Vieux-Raisin

The Hôtel du Vieux Raisin in Toulouse, France, is a Renaissance hôtel particulier (palace) of the 16th century.

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Hôtel particulier

An hôtel particulier ("hôtel" being rendered in Middle English as "inn"—as only used now in Inns of Court—and "particulier" meaning "personal" or "private") is a townhouse of a grand sort, comparable to the British townhouse.

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Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin

Henri-Jean Guillaume Martin (5 August 1860 – 12 November 1943) was a renowned French impressionist painter.

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Hers-Mort

The Hers-Mort (the "Dead Hers", as opposed to the faster-flowing Hers-Vif, or "Live Hers") is a long river in southern France, a right-bank tributary of the Garonne.

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History of the tango

Tango, a distinctive tango dance and the corresponding musical style of tango music, began in the working-class port neighborhoods of Montevideo (Uruguay) and Buenos Aires (Argentina); on both sides of the Rio de la Plata.

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History of Toulouse

The history of Toulouse, in Midi-Pyrénées, southern France, traces back to ancient times.

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Humid subtropical climate

A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild to cool winters.

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Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.

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Iberian language

The Iberian language was the language of an indigenous pre-Migration Period people identified by Greek and Roman sources who lived in the eastern and southeastern regions of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Indigo dye

Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color (see indigo).

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Institut catholique d'arts et métiers

Located in six cities in France, Institut catholique d'arts et métiers is a Graduate Engineering school created in 1898.

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Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse

Sciences Po Toulouse, or The Institut d'études politiques de Toulouse is one of the nine Institutes of Political Studies of France.

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Institut national des sciences appliquées de Toulouse

The Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse or INSA Toulouse is one of the 210 Grande Ecole d’Ingénieurs, an engineering school, under the authority of the French Ministry of Education and Research.

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Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées

The Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées (IPSA) is a French private postgraduate school in aerospace engineering located at Ivry-sur-Seine and Toulouse, recognized by the French state since 2010, whose diploma has been accredited by the French Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur since 2011.

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Institut supérieur de l'aéronautique et de l'espace

ISAE-SUPAERO is a higher education and research Institute located in Toulouse, France.

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Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action

The Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action (ISEFAC) is a French private business school created in 2000.

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Institut supérieur européen de gestion group

The Institut supérieur européen de gestion group (ISEG group, French for Advanced European Institute of Management) is a group of two business schools, ISEG Marketing & Communication School and ISG Programme Business & Management, the former created in 1980, and the latter formed in 2014 when ISEG Business School and ISEG Finance School, each also founded in 1980, merged.

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Intel

Intel Corporation (stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in the Silicon Valley.

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International School of Toulouse

The International School of Toulouse is a private, international day school for boys and girls aged 3 to 18.

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Iron Age Europe

In Europe, the Iron Age may be defined as including the last stages of the prehistoric period and the first of the proto-historic periods.

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Isatis tinctoria

Isatis tinctoria, also called woad, dyer's woad, or glastum, is a flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae.

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Jardin des Plantes, Toulouse

The Jardin des Plantes (7 hectares) is a public park and botanical garden located on Allée Jules-Guesde, Toulouse, France.

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Jean Calas

Jean Calas (1698 – March 10, 1762) was a merchant living in Toulouse, France, who was tried, tortured and executed for the murder of his son, despite his protestations of innocence.

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Jean Dausset

Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset (19 October 1916 – 6 June 2009) was a French immunologist born in Toulouse, France.

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Jean Tirole

Jean Tirole (born 9 August 1953) is a French professor of economics.

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Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (29 August 1780 – 14 January 1867) was a French Neoclassical painter.

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Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol

Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol (3 February 1772 – 12 December 1840) was a French psychiatrist.

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Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Marshal General Jean-de-Dieu Soult, 1st Duke of Dalmatia, (29 March 1769 – 26 November 1851) was a French general and statesman, named Marshal of the Empire in 1804 and often called Marshal Soult.

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Jean-Jacques Laffont

Jean-Jacques Marcel Laffont (April 13, 1947 – May 1, 2004) was a French economist specializing in public economics and information economics.

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Jean-Luc Moudenc

Jean-Luc Moudenc (born 19 July 1960) is a French politician who has been the mayor of Toulouse since 2014, having previously held the job from 2004 to 2008.

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Joan, Countess of Toulouse

Joan (1220 – Castle of Corneto near Siena, 25 August 1271), was Countess of Toulouse from 1249 until her death.

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John Calvin

John Calvin (Jean Calvin; born Jehan Cauvin; 10 July 150927 May 1564) was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Kiev

Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.

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Kingdom of France

The Kingdom of France (Royaume de France) was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe.

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L'Express

L'Express is a French weekly news magazine headquartered in Paris.

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Languedoc

Languedoc (Lengadòc) is a former province of France.

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Late Middle Ages

The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD.

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Le château d’eau, pôle photographique de Toulouse

The Château d'Eau is an old nineteenth century water tower, near to the cours Dillon, just next to the Pont-Neuf, in Toulouse, France.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.

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Les Abattoirs

The Musée des Abattoirs-(which translates to museum of slaughterhouse),is a museum in the French south-west, in the city of Toulouse, capital of the Haute-Garonne département.

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Ligue 1

Ligue 1, also called Ligue 1 Conforama for sponsorship reasons with Conforama, is a French professional league for men's association football clubs.

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Lille

Lille (Rijsel; Rysel) is a city at the northern tip of France, in French Flanders.

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List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants (2006 census)

Below is a list of communes in France (overseas departments included) with a population over 20,000 at the 2006 census.

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List of works by Alexandre Falguière

This is a list of some of the works by the French artist Alexandre Falguière.

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List of works by Antonin Mercié

This is a list of some of the works of the French sculptor and painter Marius Jean Antonin Mercié.

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Louis IX of France

Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly known as Saint Louis, was King of France and is a canonized Catholic and Anglican saint.

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Lourdes

Lourdes (Lorda in Occitan) is a small market town lying in the foothills of the Pyrenees.

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Lyon

Lyon (Liyon), is the third-largest city and second-largest urban area of France.

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Lyric poetry

Lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person.

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M. R. James

Montague Rhodes James (1 August 1862 – 12 June 1936), who published under the name M. R. James, was an English author, medievalist scholar and provost of King's College, Cambridge (1905–18), and of Eton College (1918–36).

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Marseille

Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.

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Mayor (France)

In France, a mayor (maire in French) is chairperson of the municipal council, which organizes the work and deliberates on municipal matters.

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Médiathèque José Cabanis

The Médiathèque José Cabanis is the main building of the Public Libraries of Toulouse.

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Météo-France

Météo-France is the French national meteorological service.

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Métropole

A métropole (French for "metropolis") is an administrative entity in France, in which several communes cooperate, and which has the right to levy local tax, an établissement public de coopération intercommunale à fiscalité propre.

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Mediterranean climate

A Mediterranean climate or dry summer climate is characterized by rainy winters and dry summers.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Metropolitan France

Metropolitan France (France métropolitaine or la Métropole), also known as European France or Mainland France, is the part of France in Europe.

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Michel Plasson

Michel Plasson (born 2 October 1933, Paris, France) is a French conductor.

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Mobile, Alabama

Mobile is the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States.

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Muret

Muret (in Gascon Occitan Murèth) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region of southwestern France.

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Musée des Augustins

The Musée des Augustins de Toulouse is a fine arts museum in Toulouse, France which conserves a collection of sculpture and paintings from the Middle Ages to the early 20th century.

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Musée Saint-Raymond

Musée Saint-Raymond (in English, Saint-Raymond museum) is the archeological museum of Toulouse, opened in 1892.

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Muséum de Toulouse

The Muséum de Toulouse, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de la ville de Toulouse (abbreviation: MHNT) is a museum of natural history in Toulouse, France.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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N'Djamena

N’Djamena (N'Djaména; انجمينا Injamīnā) is the capital and largest city of Chad.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom.

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Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (officially Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne, or the Swedish National Bank's Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel), commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics, is an award for outstanding contributions to the field of economics, and generally regarded as the most prestigious award for that field.

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Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.

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Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.

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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.

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Notre-Dame de la Daurade

Notre-Dame de la Daurade is a basilica in Toulouse, France.

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Notre-Dame du Taur

Notre-Dame du Taur is a Roman Catholic church located in Toulouse, France.

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Occitan cross

The Occitan cross (also called cross of Occitania, cross of Languedoc, cross of Toulouse; heraldically cross cleché voided) is a heraldic cross, today chiefly used as a symbol of Occitania.

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Occitan language

Occitan, also known as lenga d'òc (langue d'oc) by its native speakers, is a Romance language.

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Occitania

Occitania (Occitània,,,, or) is the historical region and a nation, in southern Europe where Occitan was historically the main language spoken, and where it is sometimes still used, for the most part as a second language.

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Occitanie (administrative region)

Occitanie (Occitània,, Occitània) is an administrative region of France that was created on 1 January 2016 from former French regions Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées.

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Odo the Great

Odo the Great (also called Eudes or Eudo) (died 735), was the Duke of Aquitaine by 700.

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Optical fiber

An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.

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Orchestre national du Capitole de Toulouse

The Orchestre National du Capitole de Toulouse is a French orchestra based in Toulouse.

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Orly Airport

Paris Orly Airport (Aéroport de Paris-Orly), commonly referred to as Orly, is an international airport located partially in Orly and partially in Villeneuve-le-Roi, south of Paris, France.

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Oxford

Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Parlement of Toulouse

The Parlement of Toulouse was one of the parlements of the Kingdom of France.

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Pastel

A pastel is an art medium in the form of a stick, consisting of pure powdered pigment and a binder.

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Paul Sabatier (chemist)

Prof Paul Sabatier FRS(For) HFRSE (5 November 1854 – 14 August 1941) was a French chemist, born in Carcassonne.

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Paul Sabatier University

Paul Sabatier University (Université Paul Sabatier, UPS, also known as Toulouse III) is a French university, in the Academy of Toulouse.

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Pepin II of Aquitaine

Pepin II, called the Younger (823 – after 864 in Senlis), was King of Aquitaine from 838 as the successor upon the death of his father, Pepin I. Pepin II was eldest son of Pepin I and Ingeltrude, daughter of Theodobert, count of Madrie.

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Philippe Douste-Blazy

Philippe Douste-Blazy (born 1 January 1953) is a United Nations official and former French centre-right politician.

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Pierre Cohen

Pierre Cohen (born 20 March 1950 in Bizerte, Tunisia) is a member of the National Assembly of France.

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Pierre de Fermat

Pierre de Fermat (Between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality.

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Pipe organ

The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurized air (called wind) through organ pipes selected via a keyboard.

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Pont Neuf, Toulouse

The Pont Neuf, French for "New Bridge" (a.k.a. Pont de Pierre and Grand Pont), is a 16th-century bridge in Toulouse, in the South of France.

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Prefectures in France

A prefecture (préfecture) in France may refer to.

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Provinces of France

The Kingdom of France was organized into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the department (French: département) system superseded provinces.

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Rapid transit

Rapid transit or mass rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, MRT, subway, tube, U-Bahn or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas.

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Raymond II Trencavel

Raymond II Trencavel (also spelled Raimond; 1207 – 1263/1267) was the last ruler of the branch of the Trencavel viscounts of Béziers.

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Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse

Raymond IV (1041 – 28 February 1105), sometimes called Raymond of Saint-Gilles or Raymond I of Tripoli, was a powerful noble in southern France and one of the leaders of the First Crusade (1096–99).

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Regions of France

France is divided into 18 administrative regions (région), including 13 metropolitan regions and 5 overseas regions.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toulouse

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toulouse (–Saint Bertrand de Comminges–Rieux) (Archidioecesis Tolosana (–Convenarum–Rivensis); French: Archidiocèse de Toulouse (–Saint-Bertrand de Comminges–Rieux-Volvestre); Occitan: Archidiocèsi de Tolosa (–Sent Bertran de Comenge–Rius (Volvèstre))) is an archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in France.

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Roman Gaul

Roman Gaul refers to Gaul under provincial rule in the Roman Empire from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD.

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Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire.

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Romanesque architecture

Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.

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Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France

UNESCO designated the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France as a World Heritage Site in December 1998.

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Rubber-tyred metro

A rubber-tyred metro, also spelled rubber-tired metro, is a form of rapid transit system that uses a mix of road and rail technology.

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Rugby league

Rugby league football is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field.

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Rugby League World Cup

The Rugby League World Cup is an international rugby league tournament, contested by national teams of the Rugby League International Federation, which was first held in France in 1954, the first World Cup in either rugby code.

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Rugby union

Rugby union, commonly known in most of the world as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century.

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Saint Dominic

Saint Dominic (Santo Domingo), also known as Dominic of Osma and Dominic of Caleruega, often called Dominic de Guzmán and Domingo Félix de Guzmán (8 August 1170 – 6 August 1221), was a Castilian priest and founder of the Dominican Order.

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Saint-Louis, Senegal

Saint-Louis, or Ndar as it is called in Wolof, is the capital of Senegal's Saint-Louis Region.

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Saucisse de Toulouse

Saucisse de Toulouse or "Toulouse Sausage" is a fresh sausage originating from Toulouse in the southwest of France.

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Sausage

A sausage is a cylindrical meat product usually made from ground meat, often pork, beef, or veal, along with salt, spices and other flavourings, and breadcrumbs, encased by a skin.

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Sète

Sète (Seta in Occitan), known as Cette until 1928, is a commune in the Hérault department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

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Septimania

Septimania (Septimanie,; Septimània,; Septimània) was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462, when Septimania was ceded to their king, Theodoric II.

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Sigfox

Sigfox is a French company founded in 2009 that builds wireless networks to connect low-power objects such as electricity meters and smartwatches, which need to be continuously on and emitting small amounts of data.

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SNCF

The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF, "French National Railway Company") is France's national state-owned railway company.

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Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party (Parti socialiste, PS) is a social-democratic political party in France, and the largest party of the French centre-left.

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SPOT (satellite)

SPOT (Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre, lit. "Satellite for observation of Earth") is a commercial high-resolution optical imaging Earth observation satellite system operating from space.

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Stade Toulousain

Stade Toulousain (Estadi Tolosenc), also referred to as Toulouse, is a French rugby union club from Toulouse in Occitania.

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Stadium Municipal

Stadium Municipal de Toulouse is the largest multi-purpose stadium in Toulouse, France.

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Stew

A stew is a combination of solid food ingredients that have been cooked in liquid and served in the resultant gravy.

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Tacuarembó

Tacuarembó is the capital city of the Tacuarembó Department in north-central Uruguay.

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Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv (תֵּל אָבִיב,, تل أَبيب) is the second most populous city in Israel – after Jerusalem – and the most populous city in the conurbation of Gush Dan, Israel's largest metropolitan area.

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Terracotta

Terracotta, terra cotta or terra-cotta (Italian: "baked earth", from the Latin terra cocta), a type of earthenware, is a clay-based unglazed or glazed ceramic, where the fired body is porous.

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Thales Alenia Space

Thales Alenia Space is a Franco-Italian aerospace manufacturer formed after the Thales Group bought the participation of Alcatel in the two joint-ventures between Alcatel and Leonardo, Alcatel Alenia Space and Telespazio.

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Théâtre du Capitole

The Théâtre du Capitole de Toulouse is an opera house located within the main administration buildings, the Capitole, of the city of Toulouse in south-west France.

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The Greens (France)

The Greens (Les Verts,; VEC or LV) was a green-ecologist political party in France.

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The Republicans (France)

The Republicans (Les Républicains; LR) is a centre-right political party in France.

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Thomas Aquinas

Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian Dominican friar, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church.

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Tianjin

Tianjin, formerly romanized as Tientsin, is a coastal metropolis in northern China and one of the four national central cities of the People's Republic of China (PRC), with a total population of 15,469,500, and is also the world's 11th-most populous city proper.

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Top 14

The Top 14 is a professional rugby union club competition that is played in France created in 1892.

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Touch (river)

The Touch (le Touch, Toish) is a long river in southwestern France, left tributary of the Garonne.

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Toulouse 1 University Capitole

Toulouse 1 University Capitole (Université Toulouse 1 Capitole, also called UT1) is a French university established in 1968.

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Toulouse – Lasbordes Airport

Toulouse – Lasbordes Airport (Aéroport de Toulouse - Lasbordes) is a small non-commercial airport in the commune of Balma, situated east of the city center of Toulouse, both located in the Haute-Garonne department of the Midi-Pyrénées region in southwest France.

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Toulouse Business School

Toulouse Business School(TBS) was founded in 1903 by the Toulouse Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the school's initial vocation was to respond to the needs of the local business community for able business administrators.

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Toulouse Cathedral

Toulouse Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Toulouse) is a Roman Catholic church located in the city of Toulouse, France.

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Toulouse FC

Toulouse Football Club, also known simply as Toulouse or (especially locally) TFC, is a French association football club based in the city of Toulouse.

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Toulouse Métropole

Toulouse Métropole is the métropole, an intercommunal structure, centred on the city of Toulouse.

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Toulouse Metro

The Toulouse Metro (Métro de Toulouse) serves the city of Toulouse, France, and some of the surrounding area.

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Toulouse Olympique

Toulouse Olympique are a professional rugby league club in Toulouse, south-west France.

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Toulouse School of Economics

The Toulouse School of Economics (TSE) is a school within Toulouse 1 University Capitole.

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Toulouse School of Management

The Toulouse School of Management (also known as IAE Toulouse or Institut d’administrations des entreprises de Toulouse) is a public business school, part of Toulouse 1 University Capitole in France.

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Toulouse Space Center

The Toulouse Space Centre is a center for research and development relating to space travel.

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Toulouse tramway

The Toulouse tramway (Tramway de Toulouse) is a two-line tram system in Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France, and operates from Toulouse to the suburb of Beauzelle, passing through Blagnac.

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Toulouse–Blagnac Airport

Toulouse Blagnac Airport (French: Aéroport de Toulouse–Blagnac) is an international airport located west northwest of Toulouse, and partially in Blagnac, both communes of the Haute-Garonne department in the Occitanie region of France.

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Treaty of Paris (1229)

The Treaty of Paris, also known as Treaty of Meaux, was signed on April 12, 1229 between Raymond VII of Toulouse and Louis IX of France in Meaux near Paris.

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Troubadour

A troubadour (trobador, archaically: -->) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350).

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Umayyad Caliphate

The Umayyad Caliphate (ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلأُمَوِيَّة, trans. Al-Khilāfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah), also spelt, was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Union for a Popular Movement

The Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un mouvement populaire; UMP) was a centre-right political party in France that was one of the two major contemporary political parties in France along with the centre-left Socialist Party (PS).

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Union for French Democracy

The Union for French Democracy (Union pour la Démocratie Française, UDF) was a centre-right political party in France.

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University of Lille

The University of Lille (French: Université de Lille) is a pluridisciplinary French university located in and around Lille, France.

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University of Lyon

The University of Lyon (Université de Lyon), located in Lyon and Saint-Étienne, France, is a center for higher education and research comprising 16 institutions of higher education.

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University of Paris

The University of Paris (Université de Paris), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (one of its buildings), was a university in Paris, France, from around 1150 to 1793, and from 1806 to 1970.

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University of Toulouse

The University of Toulouse (Université de Toulouse) was a university in France that was established by papal bull in 1229, making it one of the earliest universities to emerge in Europe.

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University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès

University of Toulouse-Jean Jaurès (Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès) has been known by this name since 2014.

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Urban area (France)

An aire urbaine (literal and official translation: "urban area") is an INSEE (France's national statistics bureau) statistical concept describing a core of urban development and the extent of its commuter activity.

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Urban unit

In France, an urban unit (fr: "unité urbaine") is a statistical area defined by INSEE, the French national statistics office, for the measurement of contiguously built-up areas.

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Uruguay

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a sovereign state in the southeastern region of South America.

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USA Today

USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.

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Véhicule Automatique Léger

Véhicule Automatique Léger (automatic light vehicle), or VAL is a type of automatic rubber-tyred people mover technology, based on an invention by Professor Robert Gabillard from the Université Lille Nord de France.

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Visigothic Kingdom

The Visigothic Kingdom or Kingdom of the Visigoths (Regnum Gothorum) was a kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries.

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Volcae

The Volcae were a tribal confederation constituted before the raid of combined Gauls that invaded Macedonia c. 270 BC and fought the assembled Greeks at the Battle of Thermopylae in 279 BC.

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War of the Sixth Coalition

In the War of the Sixth Coalition (March 1813 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the War of Liberation, a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, Spain and a number of German states finally defeated France and drove Napoleon into exile on Elba.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Zaragoza

Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain.

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138 Tolosa

138 Tolosa (Latin Tolōsa, or) is a brightly coloured, stony main-belt asteroid.

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1957 Coupe de France Final

The 1957 Coupe de France Final was a football match held at Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir, Colombes on May 26, 1957, that saw Toulouse FC defeat Angers SCO 6–3 thanks to goals by René Dereuddre (2), Abdelhamid Bouchouk, Robert Bocchi, Eduardo Di Loreto and Said Brahimi.

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1998 FIFA World Cup

The 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams.

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2007 Rugby World Cup

The 2007 Rugby World Cup was the sixth Rugby World Cup, a quadrennial international rugby union competition inaugurated in 1987.

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Redirects here:

Bonhoure Radio Tower, Geography of Toulouse, Radio Tower Bonhoure, The weather in Toulouse, Thoulouse, Tolosa de Llenguadoc, Tolosates, Tolouse, Toulousain, Toulouse of Languedoc, Toulouse, FR, Toulouse, France, Toulousian, Toulousians, Toulousse, UN/LOCODE:FRTLS, Ville rose.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulouse

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