Townships of the People's Republic of China

Townships, formally township-level divisions, are the basic level (fourth-level administrative units) of political divisions in China. ^[1]

China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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County magistrate (or sometimes called local magistrate, in imperial China was the official in charge of the xian, or county, the lowest level of central government. The magistrate was the official who had face-to-face relations with the people and administered all aspects of government on behalf of the emperor. Because he was expected to rule in a disciplined but caring way and because the people were expected to obey, the county magistrate was informally known as the Fumu Guan, the "Father and Mother" or "parental" official. The emperor appointed magistrates from among those who passed the imperial examinations or had purchased equivalent degrees. Education in the Confucian Classics indoctrinated these officials with a shared ideology that helped to unify the empire, but not with practical training. A magistrate acquired specialized skills only after assuming office. Once in office, the magistrate was caught between the demands of his superiors and the needs and resistance of his often unruly constituents. Promotion depended on the magistrate's ability to maintain peace and lawful order as he supervised tax collection, roads, water control, and the census; handled legal functions as both prosecutor and judge; arranged relief for the poor or afflicted; carried out rituals; encouraged education and schools; and performed any further task the emperor chose to assign. Allowed to serve in any one place for only three years, he was also at the mercy of the local elites for knowledge of the local scene. There was a temptation to postpone difficult problems to the succeeding magistrate's term or to push them into a neighboring magistrate's jurisdiction. The Yongzheng emperor praised the magistrate: "The integrity of one man involves the peace or unhappiness of a myriad." But a recent historian said of the magistrate that "if he had possessed the qualifications for carrying out all his duties, he would have been a genius. Instead, he was an all-around blunderer, a harassed Jack-of-all trades...." The Republic of China (1912 –) made extensive reforms in county government, but the position of magistrate was retained.. Under the People's Republic of China (1949 –) the office of county magistrate, sometimes translated as "mayor," was no longer the lowest level of the central government, which extended its control directly to the village level.

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List of cities in China

According to the administrative divisions of China including Hong Kong and Macau, there are three levels of cities, namely provincial-level (consists of municipalities and SARs), prefectural-level cities, and county-level cities.

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List of counties in the People's Republic of China

This is a list of all counties (including Autonomous counties, Autonomous banners, and Banners) along with County-level cities and City districts.

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List of districts in China

This is a list of all districts (including new areas(districts) and ethnic districts).

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List of prefectures in the People's Republic of China

All provincial-level divisions of the People's Republic of China are divided into prefectural-level divisions (second-level): prefectural-level cities, prefectures, autonomous prefectures and leagues.

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List of township-level divisions of Anhui

This is a township-level divisions of the province of Anhui, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Beijing

This is a list of township-level divisions of the municipality of Beijing, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Chongqing

This is a list of township-level divisions of the municipality of Chongqing, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Fujian

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Fujian, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Gansu

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Gansu, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Guangdong

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Guangdong, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Guangxi

This is a list of township-level divisions of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Guizhou

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Guizhou, People's Republic of China.

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List of township-level divisions of Hainan

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Hainan, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Hebei

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Hebei, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Heilongjiang

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Henan

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Henan, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Hubei

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Hubei, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Hunan

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Hunan, China.

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List of township-level divisions of Inner Mongolia

This is a list of township-level divisions of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Jiangsu

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Jiangsu, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Jiangxi

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Jiangxi, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Jilin

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Jilin, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Liaoning

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Liaoning, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Ningxia

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Ningxia, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Qinghai

A list of township-level divisions of Qinghai, China (PRC): After province, prefecture, and county-level divisions, township-level divisions constitute the formal fourth-level administrative divisions of the PRC.

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List of township-level divisions of Shaanxi

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.

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List of township-level divisions of Shandong

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Shandong, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Shanghai

This is a list of township-level divisions of the municipality of Shanghai, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Shanxi

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Shanxi, People's Republic of China.

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List of township-level divisions of Sichuan

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Sichuan, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region

This is a list of township-level divisions of Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Tianjin

This is a list of township-level divisions of the municipality of Tianjin, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Xinjiang

This is a list of township-level divisions (formal fourth-level administrative divisions including towns, townships, subdistricts, and county districts) of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.

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List of township-level divisions of Yunnan

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Yunnan, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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List of township-level divisions of Zhejiang

This is a list of township-level divisions of the province of Zhejiang, People's Republic of China (PRC).

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One-child policy

The one-child policy, a part of the family planning policy, was a population planning policy of China.

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Subdistricts of the People's Republic of China

The subdistrict (literally "Street") (also abbreviated as 街(Jiē)) is one of the smaller political divisions of the People's Republic of China.

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Townships of the People's Republic of China

Townships, formally township-level divisions, are the basic level (fourth-level administrative units) of political divisions in China.

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Redirects here:

Chinese township, List of townships in China, List of townships of China, Township (China), Township (PRC), Township (People's Republic of China), Township in China, Township of China, Townships in China, Townships in the People's Republic of China, Townships of China, Xiāng, 乡.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townships_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China

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