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Transcription (biology)

Index Transcription (biology)

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 149 relations: Abortive initiation, Activator (genetics), Alternative splicing, Antibiotic, Antifungal, Antiparallel (biochemistry), Apoptosis, Archaea, Archaeal transcription factor B, Bacteria, Bacterial transcription, Base pair, BRCA1, Cancer epigenetics, Cell (biology), Cell cycle, Cell division, ChIP-on-chip, Cis-regulatory element, Coactivator (genetics), Coding strand, Complementarity (molecular biology), Complementary DNA, CpG site, CTCF, Cytosine, DBTSS, DNA, DNA demethylation, DNA methylation, DNA microarray, DNA replication, EGR1, Elsevier, Enhancer (genetics), Enhancer RNA, Enzyme, Epigenetics, Euchromatin, Eukaryote, Eukaryotic transcription, Five prime untranslated region, François Jacob, Fungus, G-less cassette, Gene, Gene expression, General transcription factor, Genetic code, Genetic hitchhiking, ... Expand index (99 more) »

Abortive initiation

Abortive initiation, also known as abortive transcription, is an early process of genetic transcription in which RNA polymerase binds to a DNA promoter and enters into cycles of synthesis of short mRNA transcripts which are released before the transcription complex leaves the promoter. Transcription (biology) and abortive initiation are gene expression and molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Abortive initiation

Activator (genetics)

A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes.

See Transcription (biology) and Activator (genetics)

Alternative splicing

Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants. Transcription (biology) and alternative splicing are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Alternative splicing

Antibiotic

An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria.

See Transcription (biology) and Antibiotic

Antifungal

An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.

See Transcription (biology) and Antifungal

Antiparallel (biochemistry)

In biochemistry, two biopolymers are antiparallel if they run parallel to each other but with opposite directionality (alignments).

See Transcription (biology) and Antiparallel (biochemistry)

Apoptosis

Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.

See Transcription (biology) and Apoptosis

Archaea

Archaea (archaeon) is a domain of single-celled organisms.

See Transcription (biology) and Archaea

Archaeal transcription factor B

Archaeal transcription factor B (ATFB or TFB) is a protein family of extrinsic transcription factors that guide the initiation of RNA transcription in organisms that fall under the domain of Archaea. Transcription (biology) and Archaeal transcription factor B are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Archaeal transcription factor B

Bacteria

Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.

See Transcription (biology) and Bacteria

Bacterial transcription

Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use of the enzyme RNA polymerase. Transcription (biology) and bacterial transcription are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Bacterial transcription

Base pair

A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.

See Transcription (biology) and Base pair

BRCA1

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1 gene.

See Transcription (biology) and BRCA1

Cancer epigenetics

Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the DNA of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence, but instead involve a change in the way the genetic code is expressed.

See Transcription (biology) and Cancer epigenetics

Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.

See Transcription (biology) and Cell (biology)

Cell cycle

The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequential series of events that take place in a cell that causes it to divide into two daughter cells. Transcription (biology) and cell cycle are cellular processes.

See Transcription (biology) and Cell cycle

Cell division

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Transcription (biology) and cell division are cellular processes.

See Transcription (biology) and Cell division

ChIP-on-chip

ChIP-on-chip (also known as ChIP-chip) is a technology that combines chromatin immunoprecipitation ('ChIP') with DNA microarray ("chip"). Transcription (biology) and ChIP-on-chip are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and ChIP-on-chip

Cis-regulatory element

Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) or cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) are regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of neighboring genes.

See Transcription (biology) and Cis-regulatory element

Coactivator (genetics)

A coactivator is a type of transcriptional coregulator that binds to an activator (a transcription factor) to increase the rate of transcription of a gene or set of genes. Transcription (biology) and coactivator (genetics) are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Coactivator (genetics)

Coding strand

When referring to DNA transcription, the coding strand (or informational strand) is the DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced (although with thymine replaced by uracil). Transcription (biology) and coding strand are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Coding strand

Complementarity (molecular biology)

In molecular biology, complementarity describes a relationship between two structures each following the lock-and-key principle. Transcription (biology) and complementarity (molecular biology) are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Complementarity (molecular biology)

Complementary DNA

In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA that was reverse transcribed (via reverse transcriptase) from an RNA (e.g., messenger RNA or microRNA).

See Transcription (biology) and Complementary DNA

CpG site

The CpG sites or CG sites are regions of DNA where a cytosine nucleotide is followed by a guanine nucleotide in the linear sequence of bases along its 5' → 3' direction.

See Transcription (biology) and CpG site

CTCF

Transcriptional repressor CTCF also known as 11-zinc finger protein or CCCTC-binding factor is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the CTCF gene. Transcription (biology) and CTCF are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and CTCF

Cytosine

Cytosine (symbol C or Cyt) is one of the four nucleobases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).

See Transcription (biology) and Cytosine

DBTSS

DBTSS, the DataBase of Transcriptional Start Sites, is a database hosted by the Human Genome Center at the University of Tokyo. Transcription (biology) and DBTSS are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and DBTSS

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

See Transcription (biology) and DNA

DNA demethylation

For molecular biology in mammals, DNA demethylation causes replacement of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in a DNA sequence by cytosine (C) (see figure of 5mC and C). Transcription (biology) and DNA demethylation are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and DNA demethylation

DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

See Transcription (biology) and DNA methylation

DNA microarray

A DNA microarray (also commonly known as DNA chip or biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Transcription (biology) and DNA microarray are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and DNA microarray

DNA replication

In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. Transcription (biology) and DNA replication are cellular processes and molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and DNA replication

EGR1

EGR-1 (Early growth response protein 1) also known as ZNF268 (zinc finger protein 268) or NGFI-A (nerve growth factor-induced protein A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EGR1 gene.

See Transcription (biology) and EGR1

Elsevier

Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.

See Transcription (biology) and Elsevier

Enhancer (genetics)

In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur. Transcription (biology) and enhancer (genetics) are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Enhancer (genetics)

Enhancer RNA

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) represent a class of relatively long non-coding RNA molecules (50-2000 nucleotides) transcribed from the DNA sequence of enhancer regions. Transcription (biology) and enhancer RNA are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Enhancer RNA

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

See Transcription (biology) and Enzyme

Epigenetics

In biology, epigenetics is the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence.

See Transcription (biology) and Epigenetics

Euchromatin

Euchromatin (also called "open chromatin") is a lightly packed form of chromatin (DNA, RNA, and protein) that is enriched in genes, and is often (but not always) under active transcription.

See Transcription (biology) and Euchromatin

Eukaryote

The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.

See Transcription (biology) and Eukaryote

Eukaryotic transcription

Eukaryotic transcription is the elaborate process that eukaryotic cells use to copy genetic information stored in DNA into units of transportable complementary RNA replica. Transcription (biology) and eukaryotic transcription are gene expression and molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Eukaryotic transcription

Five prime untranslated region

The 5′ untranslated region (also known as 5′ UTR, leader sequence, transcript leader, or leader RNA) is the region of a messenger RNA (mRNA) that is directly upstream from the initiation codon. Transcription (biology) and Five prime untranslated region are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Five prime untranslated region

François Jacob

François Jacob (17 June 1920 – 19 April 2013) was a French biologist who, together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through regulation of transcription.

See Transcription (biology) and François Jacob

Fungus

A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

See Transcription (biology) and Fungus

G-less cassette

The G-less cassette transcription assay is a method used in molecular biology to determine promoter strength in vitro. Transcription (biology) and g-less cassette are gene expression and molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and G-less cassette

Gene

In biology, the word gene has two meanings. Transcription (biology) and gene are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Gene

Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype. Transcription (biology) and gene expression are cellular processes and molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Gene expression

General transcription factor

General transcription factors (GTFs), also known as basal transcriptional factors, are a class of protein transcription factors that bind to specific sites (promoter) on DNA to activate transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA.

See Transcription (biology) and General transcription factor

Genetic code

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Transcription (biology) and genetic code are gene expression and molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Genetic code

Genetic hitchhiking

Genetic hitchhiking, also called genetic draft or the hitchhiking effect, is when an allele changes frequency not because it itself is under natural selection, but because it is near another gene that is undergoing a selective sweep and that is on the same DNA chain.

See Transcription (biology) and Genetic hitchhiking

Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

See Transcription (biology) and Genome

HeLa

HeLa is an immortalized cell line used in scientific research.

See Transcription (biology) and HeLa

Histone methylation

Histone methylation is a process by which methyl groups are transferred to amino acids of histone proteins that make up nucleosomes, which the DNA double helix wraps around to form chromosomes. Transcription (biology) and histone methylation are cellular processes.

See Transcription (biology) and Histone methylation

HIV

The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans.

See Transcription (biology) and HIV

HIV/AIDS

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system.

See Transcription (biology) and HIV/AIDS

Homologous recombination

Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually DNA as in cellular organisms but may be also RNA in viruses).

See Transcription (biology) and Homologous recombination

In situ hybridization

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a type of hybridization that uses a labeled complementary DNA, RNA or modified nucleic acid strand (i.e., a probe) to localize a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a portion or section of tissue (in situ) or if the tissue is small enough (e.g., plant seeds, Drosophila embryos), in the entire tissue (whole mount ISH), in cells, and in circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

See Transcription (biology) and In situ hybridization

In vitro

In vitro (meaning in glass, or in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.

See Transcription (biology) and In vitro

In vivo

Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.

See Transcription (biology) and In vivo

Insulator (genetics)

An insulator is a type of cis-regulatory element known as a long-range regulatory element. Transcription (biology) and insulator (genetics) are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Insulator (genetics)

Integrase

Retroviral integrase (IN) is an enzyme produced by a retrovirus (such as HIV) that integrates (forms covalent links between) its genetic information into that of the host cell it infects.

See Transcription (biology) and Integrase

Intrinsic termination

Intrinsic, or rho-independent termination, is a process to signal the end of transcription and release the newly constructed RNA molecule. Transcription (biology) and Intrinsic termination are gene expression and molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Intrinsic termination

Intron

An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is not expressed or operative in the final RNA product. Transcription (biology) and intron are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Intron

Jacques Monod

Jacques Lucien Monod (9 February 1910 – 31 May 1976) was a French biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965, sharing it with François Jacob and André Lwoff "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis".

See Transcription (biology) and Jacques Monod

Life

Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from matter that does not.

See Transcription (biology) and Life

Long non-coding RNA

Long non-coding RNAs (long ncRNAs, lncRNA) are a type of RNA, generally defined as transcripts more than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into protein.

See Transcription (biology) and Long non-coding RNA

Mediator (coactivator)

Mediator is a multiprotein complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator in all eukaryotes. Transcription (biology) and Mediator (coactivator) are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Mediator (coactivator)

Messenger RNA

In molecular biology, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein. Transcription (biology) and messenger RNA are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Messenger RNA

Methyl-CpG-binding domain

The Methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) in molecular biology binds to DNA that contains one or more symmetrically methylated CpGs.

See Transcription (biology) and Methyl-CpG-binding domain

Methylation

Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.

See Transcription (biology) and Methylation

Missense mRNA

Missense mRNA is a messenger RNA bearing one or more mutated codons that yield polypeptides with an amino acid sequence different from the wild-type or naturally occurring polypeptide. Transcription (biology) and Missense mRNA are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Missense mRNA

Mitosis

Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

See Transcription (biology) and Mitosis

MS2 tagging

MS2 tagging is a technique based upon the natural interaction of the MS2 bacteriophage coat protein with a stem-loop structure from the phage genome, which is used for biochemical purification of RNA-protein complexes and partnered to GFP for detection of RNA in living cells.

See Transcription (biology) and MS2 tagging

Mutation Frequency Decline

Mutation Frequency Decline (mfd) is the gene which encodes the protein Mfd (also known as Transcription Repair Coupling Factor, TRCF).

See Transcription (biology) and Mutation Frequency Decline

Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.

See Transcription (biology) and Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine.

See Transcription (biology) and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Non-coding RNA

A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein.

See Transcription (biology) and Non-coding RNA

Northern blot

The northern blot, or RNA blot,Gilbert, S. F. (2000) Developmental Biology, 6th Ed.

See Transcription (biology) and Northern blot

Nuclear run-on

A nuclear run-on assay is conducted to identify the genes that are being transcribed at a certain time point. Transcription (biology) and nuclear run-on are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Nuclear run-on

Nuclease protection assay

Nuclease protection assay is a laboratory technique used in biochemistry and genetics to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells.

See Transcription (biology) and Nuclease protection assay

Nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are large biomolecules that are crucial in all cells and viruses.

See Transcription (biology) and Nucleic acid

Nucleoside triphosphate

A nucleoside triphosphate is a nucleoside containing a nitrogenous base bound to a 5-carbon sugar (either ribose or deoxyribose), with three phosphate groups bound to the sugar.

See Transcription (biology) and Nucleoside triphosphate

Nucleosome

A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes. Transcription (biology) and nucleosome are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Nucleosome

Nucleotide

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. Transcription (biology) and Nucleotide are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Nucleotide

Nucleotide excision repair

Nucleotide excision repair is a DNA repair mechanism.

See Transcription (biology) and Nucleotide excision repair

Okazaki fragments

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides (approximately 150 to 200 base pairs long in eukaryotes) which are synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to create the lagging strand during DNA replication. Transcription (biology) and Okazaki fragments are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Okazaki fragments

Pathogenic bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.

See Transcription (biology) and Pathogenic bacteria

Polyadenylation

Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly(A) tail to an RNA transcript, typically a messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcription (biology) and Polyadenylation are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Polyadenylation

Polymerase

In biochemistry, a polymerase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.7.6/7/19/48/49) that synthesizes long chains of polymers or nucleic acids.

See Transcription (biology) and Polymerase

Polynucleotide phosphorylase

Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase) is a bifunctional enzyme with a phosphorolytic 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity and a 3'-terminal oligonucleotide polymerase activity.

See Transcription (biology) and Polynucleotide phosphorylase

Primary transcript

A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs.

See Transcription (biology) and Primary transcript

Primer (molecular biology)

A primer is a short, single-stranded nucleic acid used by all living organisms in the initiation of DNA synthesis. Transcription (biology) and primer (molecular biology) are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Primer (molecular biology)

Promoter (genetics)

In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. Transcription (biology) and promoter (genetics) are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Promoter (genetics)

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Transcription (biology) and Protein are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Protein

Protein isoform

A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.

See Transcription (biology) and Protein isoform

Regulation of gene expression

Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Transcription (biology) and regulation of gene expression are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Regulation of gene expression

Regulation of transcription in cancer

Generally, in progression to cancer, hundreds of genes are silenced or activated. Transcription (biology) and Regulation of transcription in cancer are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Regulation of transcription in cancer

Regulatory sequence

A regulatory sequence is a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism. Transcription (biology) and regulatory sequence are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Regulatory sequence

Repressor

In molecular genetics, a repressor is a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers. Transcription (biology) and repressor are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Repressor

Reverse transcriptase

A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to convert RNA genome to DNA, a process termed reverse transcription. Transcription (biology) and reverse transcriptase are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Reverse transcriptase

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA (in this context called complementary DNA or cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA targets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Transcription (biology) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

Rho factor

A ρ factor (Rho factor) is a bacterial protein involved in the termination of transcription. Transcription (biology) and Rho factor are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Rho factor

Ribonuclease H

Ribonuclease H (abbreviated RNase H or RNH) is a family of non-sequence-specific endonuclease enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of RNA in an RNA/DNA substrate via a hydrolytic mechanism.

See Transcription (biology) and Ribonuclease H

Rifampicin

Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an ansamycin antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis (TB), ''Mycobacterium avium'' complex, leprosy, and Legionnaires' disease.

See Transcription (biology) and Rifampicin

RNA polymerase

In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template. Transcription (biology) and RNA polymerase are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase II

RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. Transcription (biology) and RNA polymerase II are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and RNA polymerase II

RNA splicing

RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed into a mature messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcription (biology) and RNA splicing are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and RNA splicing

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or RNA replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the replication of RNA from an RNA template. Transcription (biology) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

RNA-Seq

RNA-Seq (named as an abbreviation of RNA sequencing) is a technique that uses next-generation sequencing to reveal the presence and quantity of RNA molecules in a biological sample, providing a snapshot of gene expression in the sample, also known as transcriptome. Transcription (biology) and RNA-Seq are gene expression and molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and RNA-Seq

Roger D. Kornberg

Roger David Kornberg (born April 24, 1947) is an American biochemist and professor of structural biology at Stanford University School of Medicine.

See Transcription (biology) and Roger D. Kornberg

Run-off transcription

A run-off transcription assay is an assay in molecular biology which is conducted in vitro to identify the position of the transcription start site (1 base pair upstream) of a specific promoter along with its accuracy and rate of in vitro transcription.

See Transcription (biology) and Run-off transcription

Sense (molecular biology)

In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Transcription (biology) and sense (molecular biology) are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Sense (molecular biology)

Sequence homology

Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life.

See Transcription (biology) and Sequence homology

Severo Ochoa

Severo Ochoa de Albornoz (24 September 1905 – 1 November 1993) was a Spanish physician and biochemist, and winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine together with Arthur Kornberg for their discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)".

See Transcription (biology) and Severo Ochoa

Sigma factor

A sigma factor (σ factor or specificity factor) is a protein needed for initiation of transcription in bacteria. Transcription (biology) and sigma factor are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Sigma factor

Silencer (genetics)

In genetics, a silencer is a DNA sequence capable of binding transcription regulation factors, called repressors. Transcription (biology) and silencer (genetics) are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Silencer (genetics)

Single-cell sequencing

Single-cell sequencing examines the nucleic acid sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment.

See Transcription (biology) and Single-cell sequencing

Stem-loop

Stem-loop intramolecular base pairing is a pattern that can occur in single-stranded RNA.

See Transcription (biology) and Stem-loop

Stochastic process

In probability theory and related fields, a stochastic or random process is a mathematical object usually defined as a sequence of random variables in a probability space, where the index of the sequence often has the interpretation of time.

See Transcription (biology) and Stochastic process

T cell

T cells are one of the important types of white blood cells of the immune system and play a central role in the adaptive immune response.

See Transcription (biology) and T cell

TATA-binding protein

The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds to a DNA sequence called the TATA box.

See Transcription (biology) and TATA-binding protein

Telomerase

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.

See Transcription (biology) and Telomerase

Telomere

A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes (see Sequences). Transcription (biology) and telomere are molecular biology.

See Transcription (biology) and Telomere

TET enzymes

The TET enzymes are a family of ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases. Transcription (biology) and TET enzymes are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and TET enzymes

Three prime untranslated region

In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3′-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. Transcription (biology) and three prime untranslated region are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Three prime untranslated region

Thymine

---> Thymine (symbol T or Thy) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T.

See Transcription (biology) and Thymine

Transcription factor

In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. Transcription (biology) and transcription factor are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Transcription factor

Transcription factor II A

Transcription factor TFIIA is a nuclear protein involved in the RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription of DNA. Transcription (biology) and transcription factor II A are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Transcription factor II A

Transcription factor II B

Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) is a general transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) and aids in stimulating transcription initiation. Transcription (biology) and transcription factor II B are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Transcription factor II B

Transcription factor II D

Transcription factor II D (TFIID) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. Transcription (biology) and transcription factor II D are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Transcription factor II D

Transcription factor II E

Transcription factor II E (TFIIE) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. Transcription (biology) and transcription factor II E are gene expression.

See Transcription (biology) and Transcription factor II E

Transcription factor II F

Transcription factor II F (TFIIF) is one of several general transcription factors that make up the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. Transcription (biology) and transcription factor II F are gene expression.

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Transcription factor II H

Transcription factor II H (TFIIH) is an important protein complex, having roles in transcription of various protein-coding genes and DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways. Transcription (biology) and transcription factor II H are gene expression.

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Transcription factory

Transcription factories, in genetics describe the discrete sites where transcription occurs in the cell nucleus, and are an example of a biomolecular condensate. Transcription (biology) and transcription factory are gene expression.

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Transcription preinitiation complex

The preinitiation complex (abbreviated PIC) is a complex of approximately 100 proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea. Transcription (biology) and transcription preinitiation complex are gene expression.

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Transcriptional bursting

Transcriptional bursting, also known as transcriptional pulsing, is a fundamental property of genes in which transcription from DNA to RNA can occur in "bursts" or "pulses", which has been observed in diverse organisms, from bacteria to mammals. Transcription (biology) and transcriptional bursting are gene expression and molecular biology.

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Transcriptome

The transcriptome is the set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells. Transcription (biology) and transcriptome are gene expression.

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Transcriptomics technologies

Transcriptomics technologies are the techniques used to study an organism's transcriptome, the sum of all of its RNA transcripts. Transcription (biology) and Transcriptomics technologies are molecular biology.

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Translation (biology)

In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. Transcription (biology) and translation (biology) are cellular processes, gene expression and molecular biology.

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TTF2

Transcription termination factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TTF2 gene.

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Upstream and downstream (DNA)

In molecular biology and genetics, upstream and downstream both refer to relative positions of genetic code in DNA or RNA. Transcription (biology) and upstream and downstream (DNA) are molecular biology.

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Uracil

Uracil (symbol U or Ura) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid RNA.

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Viral replication

Viral replication is the formation of biological viruses during the infection process in the target host cells.

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Virology

Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses.

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Virus

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.

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YY1

YY1 (Yin Yang 1) is a transcriptional repressor protein in humans that is encoded by the YY1 gene.

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2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol

2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol is the organic compound with the formula CF3CH2OH.

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5-Methylcytosine

5-Methylcytosine is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine (C) that regulates gene transcription and takes several other biological roles.

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8-Hydroxyquinoline

8-Hydroxyquinoline (also known as oxine) is an organic compound derived from the heterocycle quinoline.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_(biology)

Also known as DNA transcription, Gene transcription, Genetic transcription, Initiation of transcription, MRNA biosynthesis (bacteria), MRNA biosynthesis (eukaryotes), MRNA transcription, RNA synthesis, RNA synthesis inhibitor, RNA transcript, RNA transcription, Rna elongation, Template strand, Transcript (biology), Transcription (DNA), Transcription (RNA), Transcription (genetics), Transcription inhibitor, Transcription initiation, Transcription start site, Transcription, genetic, Transcriptional, Transcriptional elongation, Transcriptional initiation, Transcriptional start sites.

, Genome, HeLa, Histone methylation, HIV, HIV/AIDS, Homologous recombination, In situ hybridization, In vitro, In vivo, Insulator (genetics), Integrase, Intrinsic termination, Intron, Jacques Monod, Life, Long non-coding RNA, Mediator (coactivator), Messenger RNA, Methyl-CpG-binding domain, Methylation, Missense mRNA, Mitosis, MS2 tagging, Mutation Frequency Decline, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Non-coding RNA, Northern blot, Nuclear run-on, Nuclease protection assay, Nucleic acid, Nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosome, Nucleotide, Nucleotide excision repair, Okazaki fragments, Pathogenic bacteria, Polyadenylation, Polymerase, Polynucleotide phosphorylase, Primary transcript, Primer (molecular biology), Promoter (genetics), Protein, Protein isoform, Regulation of gene expression, Regulation of transcription in cancer, Regulatory sequence, Repressor, Reverse transcriptase, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Rho factor, Ribonuclease H, Rifampicin, RNA polymerase, RNA polymerase II, RNA splicing, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RNA-Seq, Roger D. Kornberg, Run-off transcription, Sense (molecular biology), Sequence homology, Severo Ochoa, Sigma factor, Silencer (genetics), Single-cell sequencing, Stem-loop, Stochastic process, T cell, TATA-binding protein, Telomerase, Telomere, TET enzymes, Three prime untranslated region, Thymine, Transcription factor, Transcription factor II A, Transcription factor II B, Transcription factor II D, Transcription factor II E, Transcription factor II F, Transcription factor II H, Transcription factory, Transcription preinitiation complex, Transcriptional bursting, Transcriptome, Transcriptomics technologies, Translation (biology), TTF2, Upstream and downstream (DNA), Uracil, Viral replication, Virology, Virus, YY1, 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol, 5-Methylcytosine, 8-Hydroxyquinoline.