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Two-spirit

Index Two-spirit

Two-Spirit (also two spirit or, occasionally, twospirited) is a modern, pan-Indian, umbrella term used by some indigenous North Americans to describe certain people in their communities who fulfill a traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) ceremonial role in their cultures. [1]

124 relations: Activism, Alec Butler, Anthropologist, Apache, Aztecs, Bacqueville de la Potherie, Bloomington, Indiana, Browning, Montana, Canadian Indian residential school system, Catamite, CBC News, Chiricahua, Chrystos, Chumash people, Clothing, Cornell University Library, Cornell University Press, Cree, Crow Nation, Cultural appropriation, Dallas, Denver, Etymology, Eyak people, Femininity, First Nations, Florentine Codex, French language, Gender identity, Gender roles among the indigenous peoples of North America, Gender variance, Glenbow Museum, Harlan Pruden, Harvard University Press, Homophobia, Homosexuality, HuffPost, Human sexuality, Inca Empire, Independent Lens, Indian Country Today, Indiana, Indigenous peoples in Canada, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Iroquois, Kent Monkman, Kentucky, Koekchuch, Lakota people, Legacy Walk, ..., LGBT, Liminality, Lipan Apache people, Maclean's, Male prostitution, Mapuche, Massey Whiteknife, Matika Wilbur, Métis, Māhū, Menominee, Mescalero, Misogyny, Mohave people, Muxe, National Congress of American Indians, Native American identity in the United States, Native Americans in the United States, Navajo, Nádleehi, New York City, Off our backs, Ohio, Ojibwe, Ojibwe language, Oklahoma City, Osh-Tisch, Outreach, Oxford University Press, Pan-Indianism, Pedro Fages, Persian language, Person of color, Portland, Oregon, Portolá expedition, Queer of color critique, Queer studies, Raven Davis, Regina, Saskatchewan, Rewire.News, Richard LaFortune, San Francisco, Seattle, Slate (magazine), Social change, Southern Illinois, Spanish Empire, Spanish language, Stereotypes about indigenous peoples of North America, Support group, Susan Allen, The New York Times, Third gender, Tonto Apache, Toronto, Traditional knowledge, Transvestism, Tulsa, Oklahoma, Umbrella term, University of California Press, University of Chicago Press, University of Illinois Press, University of Nebraska Press, University of Oklahoma Press, University of Texas Press, Western Washington University, Wichita, Kansas, Will Roscoe, Winkte, Winnipeg, Wisconsin Public Radio, Witchcraft, Yupik, Zapotec peoples. Expand index (74 more) »

Activism

Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.

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Alec Butler

Alec Butler (born 1959) is a Canadian playwright and filmmaker.

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Anthropologist

An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology.

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Apache

The Apache are a group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, which include the Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Salinero, Plains and Western Apache.

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Aztecs

The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.

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Bacqueville de la Potherie

Bacqueville de la Potherie, also known as Claude-Charles Le Roy, was a French chronicler of New France.

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Bloomington, Indiana

Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County in the southern region of the U.S. state of Indiana.

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Browning, Montana

Browning (originally Browning Indian Agency) is a town in Glacier County, Montana.

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Canadian Indian residential school system

In Canada, the Indian residential school system was a network of boarding schools for Indigenous peoples.

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Catamite

In ancient Greece and Rome, a catamite (Latin catamitus) was a pubescent boy who was the intimate companion of a young man, usually in a pederastic relationship – in the broadest sense.

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CBC News

CBC News is the division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, namely CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC.ca.

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Chiricahua

Chiricahua are a band of Apache Native Americans, based in the Southern Plains and Southwest United States. Culturally related to other Apache peoples, Chiricahua historically shared a common area, language, customs, and intertwined family relations. At the time of European contact, they had a territory of 15 million acres (61,000 km2) in Southwestern New Mexico and Southeastern Arizona in the United States and in Northern Sonora and Chihuahua in Mexico. Today Chiricahua are enrolled in two federally recognized tribes in the United States: the Fort Sill Apache Tribe, located near Apache, Oklahoma with a small reservation outside Deming, New Mexico, and the Mescalero Apache Tribe of the Mescalero Reservation near Ruidoso, New Mexico. The San Carlos Apache Tribe, Arizona does have Chiricahua Apache people there also.

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Chrystos

Chrystos  (born November 7, 1946, as Christina Smith) is a Menominee self-educated writer and two-spirit activist who has published various books and poems that explore indigenous Americans's civil rights, social justice, and feminism.

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Chumash people

The Chumash are a Native American people who historically inhabited the central and southern coastal regions of California, in portions of what is now San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura and Los Angeles counties, extending from Morro Bay in the north to Malibu in the south.

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Clothing

Clothing (also known as clothes and attire) is a collective term for garments, items worn on the body.

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Cornell University Library

The Cornell University Library is the library system of Cornell University.

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Cornell University Press

The Cornell University Press is a division of Cornell University housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage.

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Cree

The Cree (script; Cri) are one of the largest groups of First Nations in North America, with over 200,000 members living in Canada.

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Crow Nation

The Crow, called the Apsáalooke in their own Siouan language, or variants including the Absaroka, are Native Americans, who in historical times lived in the Yellowstone River valley, which extends from present-day Wyoming, through Montana and into North Dakota, where it joins the Missouri River.

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Cultural appropriation

Cultural appropriation is a concept dealing with the adoption of the elements of a minority culture by members of the dominant culture.

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Dallas

Dallas is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Denver

Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Etymology

EtymologyThe New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".

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Eyak people

The Eyak (Eyak: ʔi·ya·ɢdəlahɢəyu·, literally "inhabitants of Eyak Village at Mile 6"Krauss, Michael E. 1970. Eyak dictionary. University of Alaska and Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1963-1970) are a Native American indigenous group historically located on the Copper River Delta and near the town of Cordova, Alaska.

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Femininity

Femininity (also called girlishness, womanliness or womanhood) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with girls and women.

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First Nations

In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.

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Florentine Codex

The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Gender identity

Gender identity is one's personal experience of one's own gender.

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Gender roles among the indigenous peoples of North America

Traditional gender roles among Native American and First Nations peoples tend to vary greatly by region and community.

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Gender variance

Gender variance, or gender nonconformity, is behavior or gender expression by an individual that does not match masculine and feminine gender norms.

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Glenbow Museum

The Glenbow Museum is an art and history museum in the city of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

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Harlan Pruden

Harlan Pruden is a First Nations Cree scholar and activist.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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Homophobia

Homophobia encompasses a range of negative attitudes and feelings toward homosexuality or people who are identified or perceived as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT).

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Homosexuality

Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.

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HuffPost

HuffPost (formerly The Huffington Post and sometimes abbreviated HuffPo) is a liberal American news and opinion website and blog that has both localized and international editions.

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Human sexuality

Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually.

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Inca Empire

The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu, "The Four Regions"), also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America, and possibly the largest empire in the world in the early 16th century.

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Independent Lens

Independent Lens is a weekly television series airing on PBS presenting documentary films made by independent filmmakers.

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Indian Country Today

Indian Country Today (ICT, formerly known as ICMN, or ICTMN) is a website and formerly weekly online newsletter that is a national news source for and about Native American people in North America as well as First Nations people in Canada and Indigenous people worldwide.

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Indiana

Indiana is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America.

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Indigenous peoples in Canada

Indigenous peoples in Canada, also known as Native Canadians or Aboriginal Canadians, are the indigenous peoples within the boundaries of present-day Canada.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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Iroquois

The Iroquois or Haudenosaunee (People of the Longhouse) are a historically powerful northeast Native American confederacy.

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Kent Monkman

Kent Monkman (born 1965) is a Canadian First Nations artist of Cree and Irish ancestry.

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Kentucky

Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States.

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Koekchuch

Koekchuch is an extinct gender identity recorded among the Itelmens of Siberia.

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Lakota people

The Lakota (pronounced, Lakota language: Lakȟóta) are a Native American tribe.

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Legacy Walk

The Legacy Walk is an outdoor public display in Chicago, Illinois, USA which celebrates LGBT history and people.

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LGBT

LGBT, or GLBT, is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender.

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Liminality

In anthropology, liminality (from the Latin word līmen, meaning "a threshold") is the quality of ambiguity or disorientation that occurs in the middle stage of rites, when participants no longer hold their preritual status but have not yet begun the transition to the status they will hold when the rite is complete.

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Lipan Apache people

Lipan Apache are Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) Native Americans whose traditional territory included present-day Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and the northern Mexican states of Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas prior to the 17th century.

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Maclean's

Maclean's is a Canadian news magazine that was founded in 1905, reporting on Canadian issues such as politics, pop culture, and current events.

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Male prostitution

Male prostitution is the act or practice of men providing sexual services in return for payment.

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Mapuche

The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of present-day Patagonia.

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Massey Whiteknife

Massey Whiteknife is a Canadian producer, businessman, and entertainer.

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Matika Wilbur

Matika Lorraine Wilbur is a member of the Swinomish and Tulalip tribes of the State of Washington where she was raised in a family of commercial fishermen.

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Métis

The Métis are members of ethnic groups native to Canada and parts of the United States that trace their descent to indigenous North Americans and European settlers.

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Māhū

Māhū ('in the middle') in Kanaka Maoli (Hawaiian) and Maohi (Tahitian) cultures are third gender persons with traditional spiritual and social roles within the culture, similar to Tongan fakaleiti and Samoan fa'afafine, Gauguin when he first came to Tahiti was mistaken for a māhū, due to his flamboyant manner of dress for the times.

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Menominee

The Menominee (also spelled Menomini, derived from the Ojibwe language word for "Wild Rice People;" known as Mamaceqtaw, "the people," in the Menominee language) are a federally recognized nation of Native Americans, with a reservation in Wisconsin.

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Mescalero

Mescalero or Mescalero Apache is an Apache tribe of Southern Athabaskan Native Americans.

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Misogyny

Misogyny is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls.

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Mohave people

Mohave or Mojave (Mojave: 'Aha Makhav) are a Native American people indigenous to the Colorado River in the Mojave Desert.

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Muxe

In Zapotec cultures of Oaxaca (southern Mexico), a muxe (also spelled muxhe) is an assigned male at birth individual who dresses and behaves in ways otherwise associated with the female gender; they may be seen as a third gender.

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National Congress of American Indians

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is an American Indian and Alaska Native indigenous rights organization.

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Native American identity in the United States

Native American identity in the United States is an evolving topic based on the struggle to define "Native American" or "(American) Indian" both for people who consider themselves Native American and for people who do not.

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.

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Navajo

The Navajo (British English: Navaho, Diné or Naabeehó) are a Native American people of the Southwestern United States.

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Nádleehi

Nádleehi refers to the Two-spirit identity in Diné (Navajo) culture.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Off our backs

off our backs (often referred to as oob) was an American radical feminist periodical that ran from 1970 to 2008.

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Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.

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Ojibwe

The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of Indigenous Peoples in North America, which is referred to by many of its Indigenous peoples as Turtle Island.

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Ojibwe language

Ojibwe, also known as Ojibwa, Ojibway, Chippewa, or Otchipwe,R.

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Oklahoma City

Oklahoma City, often shortened to OKC, is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

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Osh-Tisch

Osh-Tisch (Crow: "Finds Them and Kills Them")Also spelled Ohchiish; from óhchikaapi "find".

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Outreach

Outreach is an activity of providing services to any populations who might not otherwise have access to those services.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pan-Indianism

Pan-Indianism is a philosophy and movement promoting unity among different American Indian groups in the Americas regardless of tribal or local affiliations.

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Pedro Fages

Pedro Fages (1734–1794; Pere Fages i Beleta) was a Spanish soldier, explorer, first Lieutenant Governor of the Californias under Gaspar de Portolá, and second (1770–74) and fifth (1782–91) Governor of Alta California.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Person of color

The term "person of color" (plural: people of color, persons of color; sometimes abbreviated POC) is used primarily in the United States to describe any person who is not white.

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Portland, Oregon

Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County.

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Portolá expedition

Point of San Francisco Bay Discovery The Portolá expedition was the first recorded Spanish (or any European) land entry and exploration of the present-day state of California, in 1769–1770, that led to the founding of Alta California.

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Queer of color critique

Queer of color critique is a methodology that recognizes the intersections of race, gender, class, sexuality, capital, and nation, and disidentifies with the universality of social categories present in canonical sociology and historical materialism.

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Queer studies

Queer studies, sexual diversity studies, or LGBT studies is the study of issues relating to sexual orientation and gender identity usually focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, and intersex people and cultures.

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Raven Davis

Raven Davis (born 1975) is an Anishinaabe (Ojibwe) Aboriginal artist and activist living in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

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Regina, Saskatchewan

Regina is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.

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Rewire.News

Rewire.News (formerly Rewire and RH Reality Check, long name Reproductive Health Reality Check) is a website focused on reproductive and sexual health from a pro-reproductive rights perspective.

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Richard LaFortune

Richard LaFortune, also known as Anguksuar (Yupik for Little Man), (born 1960 in Bethel, Alaska), is a two spirit activist, author, community organizer, and artist based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

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San Francisco

San Francisco (initials SF;, Spanish for 'Saint Francis'), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.

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Seattle

Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States.

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Slate (magazine)

Slate is an online magazine that covers current affairs, politics, and culture in the United States from a liberal perspective.

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Social change

Social change is an alteration in the social order of a society.

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Southern Illinois

Southern Illinois (also known as "Little Egypt" or "Egypt") is the southern third of the state of Illinois.

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Spanish Empire

The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Stereotypes about indigenous peoples of North America

Stereotypes about Indigenous peoples of North America are a particular kind of ethnic stereotypes found both in North America, as well as elsewhere.

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Support group

In a support group, members provide each other with various types of help, usually nonprofessional and nonmaterial, for a particular shared, usually burdensome, characteristic.

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Susan Allen

Susan Allen (born March 27, 1963) is a Minnesota politician and member of the Minnesota House of Representatives.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Third gender

Third gender or third sex is a concept in which individuals are categorized, either by themselves or by society, as neither man nor woman.

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Tonto Apache

The Tonto Apache (Dilzhę́’é, also Dilzhe'e, Dilzhe’eh Apache) is one of the groups of Western Apache people.

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Toronto

Toronto is the capital city of the province of Ontario and the largest city in Canada by population, with 2,731,571 residents in 2016.

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Traditional knowledge

The terms traditional knowledge, indigenous knowledge and local knowledge generally refer to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities.

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Transvestism

Transvestism is the practice of dressing and acting in a style or manner traditionally associated with the opposite sex.

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Tulsa, Oklahoma

Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 47th-most populous city in the United States.

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Umbrella term

An umbrella term is a word or phrase that covers a wide range of concepts belonging to a common category.

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University of California Press

University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.

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University of Chicago Press

The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.

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University of Illinois Press

The University of Illinois Press (UIP) is a major American university press and is part of the University of Illinois system.

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University of Nebraska Press

The University of Nebraska Press, also known as UNP, was founded in 1941 and is an academic publisher of scholarly and general-interest books.

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University of Oklahoma Press

The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing arm of the University of Oklahoma.

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University of Texas Press

The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin.

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Western Washington University

Western Washington University (WWU or Western) is one of six public universities in the U.S. state of Washington.

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Wichita, Kansas

Wichita is the largest city in the U.S. state of Kansas.

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Will Roscoe

Will Roscoe (February 8, 1955) is an American activist, scholar, and author based in San Francisco, California.

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Winkte

Winkte (also spelled wíŋtke) is the contraction of an old Lakota word, winyanktehca, meaning ' to be like a woman'.

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Winnipeg

Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada.

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Wisconsin Public Radio

Wisconsin Public Radio is a network of 34 public radio stations in the state of Wisconsin.

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Witchcraft

Witchcraft or witchery broadly means the practice of and belief in magical skills and abilities exercised by solitary practitioners and groups.

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Yupik

The Yupik are a group of indigenous or aboriginal peoples of western, southwestern, and southcentral Alaska and the Russian Far East.

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Zapotec peoples

The Zapotecs (Zoogocho Zapotec: Didxažoŋ) are an indigenous people of Mexico.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-spirit

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