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67 relations: Algorithm, Alternative hypothesis, Anti-spam techniques, Antivirus software, Atherosclerosis, Bayes' theorem, Binary classification, Biometrics, Birth defect, Blood transfusion, Cardiac stress test, Computer virus, Coronary arteries, Detection theory, Egon Pearson, Email spam, Errors of impunity, Ethics in mathematics, Facial recognition system, False alarm, False positive paradox, False positives and false negatives, Family-wise error rate, Fingerprint, Florence Nightingale David, Fluoride, Hepatitis, Heuristic (computer science), Hook effect, Hypothesis, Hypothyroidism, Information retrieval, Iris recognition, Jerzy Neyman, K. Ruben Gabriel, Mammography, Medical test, Miscarriage of justice, Netherlands, Neyman–Pearson lemma, Null hypothesis, Old wives' tale, Optical character recognition, Pap test, Phenylketonuria, Placebo, Positive and negative predictive values, Power (statistics), Precision and recall, Prosecutor's fallacy, ..., Receiver operating characteristic, Ronald Fisher, Roxy Peck, Screening (medicine), Sensitivity (electronics), Sensitivity and specificity, Spyware, Statistical hypothesis testing, Statistical significance, Statisticians' and engineers' cross-reference of statistical terms, Statistics, Stenosis, Testing hypotheses suggested by the data, Tooth decay, Trojan horse (computing), Type III error, Visual inspection. Expand index (17 more) »
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.
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Alternative hypothesis
In statistical hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis (or maintained hypothesis or research hypothesis) and the null hypothesis are the two rival hypotheses which are compared by a statistical hypothesis test.
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Anti-spam techniques
Various anti-spam techniques are used to prevent email spam (unsolicited bulk email).
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Antivirus software
Antivirus software, or anti-virus software (abbreviated to AV software), also known as anti-malware, is a computer program used to prevent, detect, and remove malware.
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Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build up of plaque.
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Bayes' theorem
In probability theory and statistics, Bayes’ theorem (alternatively Bayes’ law or Bayes' rule, also written as Bayes’s theorem) describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event.
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Binary classification
Binary or binomial classification is the task of classifying the elements of a given set into two groups (predicting which group each one belongs to) on the basis of a classification rule.
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Biometrics
Biometrics is the technical term for body measurements and calculations.
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Birth defect
A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.
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Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.
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Cardiac stress test
A cardiac stress test (also referred to as a cardiac diagnostic test, cardiopulmonary exercise test, or abbreviated CPX test) is a cardiological test that measures the heart's ability to respond to external stress in a controlled clinical environment.
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Computer virus
A computer virus is a type of malicious software program ("malware") that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code.
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Coronary arteries
The coronary arteries are the arteries of the coronary circulation that transport blood into and out of the cardiac muscle.
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Detection theory
Detection theory or signal detection theory is a means to measure the ability to differentiate between information-bearing patterns (called stimulus in living organisms, signal in machines) and random patterns that distract from the information (called noise, consisting of background stimuli and random activity of the detection machine and of the nervous system of the operator).
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Egon Pearson
Egon Sharpe Pearson, CBE FRS (11 August 1895 – 12 June 1980) was one of three children and the son of Karl Pearson and, like his father, a leading British statistician.
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Email spam
Email spam, also known as junk email, is a type of electronic spam where unsolicited messages are sent by email.
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Errors of impunity
Errors of impunity is a term used in 's book Errors of Justice and in Robert Bohm's introduction to a special edition of The Journal of Criminal Justice on miscarriages of justice.
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Ethics in mathematics
Ethics in mathematics is a field of applied ethics, the inquiry into ethical aspects of the applications of mathematics.
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Facial recognition system
A facial recognition system is a technology capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source.
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False alarm
A false alarm, also called a nuisance alarm, is the deceptive or erroneous report of an emergency, causing unnecessary panic and/or bringing resources (such as emergency services) to a place where they are not needed.
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False positive paradox
The false positive paradox is a statistical result where false positive tests are more probable than true positive tests, occurring when the overall population has a low incidence of a condition and the incidence rate is lower than the false positive rate.
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False positives and false negatives
In medical testing, and more generally in binary classification, a false positive is an error in data reporting in which a test result improperly indicates presence of a condition, such as a disease (the result is positive), when in reality it is not present, while a false negative is an error in which a test result improperly indicates no presence of a condition (the result is negative), when in reality it is present.
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Family-wise error rate
In statistics, family-wise error rate (FWER) is the probability of making one or more false discoveries, or type I errors when performing multiple hypotheses tests.
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Fingerprint
A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger.
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Florence Nightingale David
Florence Nightingale David, also known as F. N. David (23 August 1909 – 23 July 1993) was an English statistician, born in Ivington, Herefordshire, England.
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Fluoride
Fluoride.
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Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.
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Heuristic (computer science)
In computer science, artificial intelligence, and mathematical optimization, a heuristic (from Greek εὑρίσκω "I find, discover") is a technique designed for solving a problem more quickly when classic methods are too slow, or for finding an approximate solution when classic methods fail to find any exact solution.
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Hook effect
The hook effect or the prozone effect is a type of interference which plagues certain immunoassays and nephelometric assays, resulting in false negatives or inaccurately low results.
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Hypothesis
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
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Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone.
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Information retrieval
Information retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information system resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources.
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Iris recognition
Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of one or both of the irises of an individual's eyes, whose complex patterns are unique, stable, and can be seen from some distance.
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Jerzy Neyman
Jerzy Neyman (April 16, 1894 – August 5, 1981), born Jerzy Spława-Neyman, was a Polish mathematician and statistician who spent the first part of his professional career at various institutions in Warsaw, Poland and then at University College London, and the second part at the University of California, Berkeley.
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K. Ruben Gabriel
Kuno Ruben Gabriel (1929–2003) was a statistician known for the inventing the biplot and the Gabriel graph and for his work in statistical meteorology.
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Mammography
Mammography (also called mastography) is the process of using low-energy X-rays (usually around 30 kVp) to examine the human breast for diagnosis and screening.
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Medical test
A medical test is a medical procedure performed to detect, diagnose, or monitor diseases, disease processes, susceptibility, and determine a course of treatment.
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Miscarriage of justice
A miscarriage of justice is primarily the conviction and punishment of a person for a crime they did not commit.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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Neyman–Pearson lemma
In statistics, the Neyman–Pearson lemma was introduced by Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson in a paper in 1933.
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Null hypothesis
In inferential statistics, the term "null hypothesis" is a general statement or default position that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena, or no association among groups.
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Old wives' tale
Old wives' tale is a term used to indicate that a supposed truth is actually spurious or a superstition.
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Optical character recognition
Optical character recognition (also optical character reader, OCR) is the mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene-photo (for example the text on signs and billboards in a landscape photo) or from subtitle text superimposed on an image (for example from a television broadcast).
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Pap test
The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear, cervical smear, or smear test) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially pre-cancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb).
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Phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.
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Placebo
A placebo is a substance or treatment of no intended therapeutic value.
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Positive and negative predictive values
The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV respectively) are the proportions of positive and negative results in statistics and diagnostic tests that are true positive and true negative results, respectively.
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Power (statistics)
The power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis (H0) when a specific alternative hypothesis (H1) is true.
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Precision and recall
In pattern recognition, information retrieval and binary classification, precision (also called positive predictive value) is the fraction of relevant instances among the retrieved instances, while recall (also known as sensitivity) is the fraction of relevant instances that have been retrieved over the total amount of relevant instances.
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Prosecutor's fallacy
The prosecutor's fallacy is a fallacy of statistical reasoning, typically used by the prosecution to argue for the guilt of a defendant during a criminal trial.
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Receiver operating characteristic
In statistics, a receiver operating characteristic curve, i.e. ROC curve, is a graphical plot that illustrates the diagnostic ability of a binary classifier system as its discrimination threshold is varied.
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Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962), who published as R. A. Fisher, was a British statistician and geneticist.
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Roxy Peck
Roxy L. Peck is a statistics educator.
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Screening (medicine)
Screening, in medicine, is a strategy used in a population to identify the possible presence of an as-yet-undiagnosed disease in individuals without signs or symptoms.
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Sensitivity (electronics)
The sensitivity of an electronic device, such as a communications system receiver, or detection device, such as a PIN diode, is the minimum magnitude of input signal required to produce a specified output signal having a specified signal-to-noise ratio, or other specified criteria.
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Sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test, also known in statistics as a classification function.
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Spyware
Spyware is software that aims to gather information about a person or organization sometimes without their knowledge, that may send such information to another entity without the consumer's consent, that asserts control over a device without the consumer's knowledge, or it may send such information to another entity with the consumer's consent, through cookies.
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Statistical hypothesis testing
A statistical hypothesis, sometimes called confirmatory data analysis, is a hypothesis that is testable on the basis of observing a process that is modeled via a set of random variables.
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Statistical significance
In statistical hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when it is very unlikely to have occurred given the null hypothesis.
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Statisticians' and engineers' cross-reference of statistical terms
The following terms are used by electrical engineers in statistical signal processing studies instead of typical statistician's terms.
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Statistics
Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.
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Stenosis
A stenosis is an abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure.
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Testing hypotheses suggested by the data
In statistics, hypotheses suggested by a given dataset, when tested with the same dataset that suggested them, are likely to be accepted even when they are not true.
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Tooth decay
Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.
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Trojan horse (computing)
In computing, a Trojan horse, or Trojan, is any malicious computer program which misleads users of its true intent.
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Type III error
In statistical hypothesis testing, there are various notions of so-called type III errors (or errors of the third kind), and sometimes type IV errors or higher, by analogy with the type I and type II errors of Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson.
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Visual inspection
Visual inspection is a common method of quality control, data acquisition, and data analysis.
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Redirects here:
A error, Alpha error, Alpha level, B error, Beta error, Error of the first kind, Error of the fourth kind, Error of the second kind, Error of the third kind, Failed to show, False Alarm Rate, False alarm rate, False negative reaction, False negative reactions, False positive reaction, False positive reactions, False-negative, False-negative test result, False-positive, False-positive test result, Falsepositive, Level of significance, Significance level, Type 1 and Type 2 errors, Type 1 and type 2 error, Type 1 error, Type 2 error, Type I Error, Type I and Type II errors, Type I and type II error, Type I error, Type I error rate, Type I errors, Type II Error, Type II error, Type II errors, Type i and type ii error, Type one error, Types of error, Α error, Β error.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_I_and_type_II_errors
