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35 relations: American Revolutionary War, Annapolis, Maryland, Artillery battery, Barge, Blockade, Captain (United States), Charleston, South Carolina, Chesapeake Bay, Continental Congress, Continental Navy, Desertion, Fell's Point, Baltimore, Frigate, Hampton, Virginia, James Nicholson (naval officer), Joshua Barney, Kingdom of Great Britain, Maritime pilot, Maryland, Merchant, Patapsco River, Penobscot Expedition, Port of Baltimore, Privateer, Royal Navy, Rudder, Schooner, Sloop, Sortie, Swivel gun, Tangier Sound, Thomas Johnson (jurist), USS Virginia (1776), West Indies, York, Pennsylvania.
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Annapolis, Maryland
Annapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County.
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Artillery battery
In military organizations, an artillery battery is a unit of artillery, mortars, rocket artillery, multiple rocket launchers, surface to surface missiles, ballistic missiles, cruise missiles etc, so grouped to facilitate better battlefield communication and command and control, as well as to provide dispersion for its constituent gunnery crews and their systems.
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Barge
A barge is a flat-bottomed ship, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods.
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Blockade
A blockade is an effort to cut off supplies, war material or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally.
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Captain (United States)
In the United States uniformed services, captain is a commissioned-officer rank.
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Charleston, South Carolina
Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area.
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Chesapeake Bay
The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary in the U.S. states of Maryland and Virginia.
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Continental Congress
The Continental Congress, also known as the Philadelphia Congress, was a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies.
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Continental Navy
The Continental Navy was the navy of the United States during the American Revolutionary War, and was formed in 1775.
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Desertion
In military terminology, desertion is the abandonment of a duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning.
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Fell's Point, Baltimore
Fell's Point is a historic waterfront neighborhood in the southeastern area of the City of Baltimore, Maryland.
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Frigate
A frigate is any of several types of warship, the term having been used for ships of various sizes and roles over the last few centuries.
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Hampton, Virginia
Hampton is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.
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James Nicholson (naval officer)
James Nicholson (1737 – 2 September 1804) was an officer in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War.
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Joshua Barney
Joshua Barney (6 July 1759 – 1 December 1818) was an American Navy officer who served in the Continental Navy during the Revolutionary War.
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Kingdom of Great Britain
The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.
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Maritime pilot
A maritime pilot, also known as a marine pilot, harbor pilot or bar pilot and sometimes simply called a pilot, is a sailor who maneuvers ships through dangerous or congested waters, such as harbors or river mouths.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Merchant
A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people.
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Patapsco River
The Patapsco River is a U.S. Geological Survey.
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Penobscot Expedition
The Penobscot Expedition was a 44-ship American naval task force mounted during the Revolutionary War by the Provincial Congress of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
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Port of Baltimore
Helen Delich Bentley Port of Baltimore is a shipping port along the shores and several branches of the Patapsco River in Baltimore, Maryland.
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Privateer
A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war.
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Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.
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Rudder
A rudder is a primary control surface used to steer a ship, boat, submarine, hovercraft, aircraft, or other conveyance that moves through a fluid medium (generally air or water).
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Schooner
A schooner is a type of sailing vessel with fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts.
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Sloop
A sloop (from Dutch sloep, in turn from French chaloupe) is a sailing boat with a single mast and a fore-and-aft rig.
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Sortie
A sortie (from the French word meaning ''exit'') is a deployment or dispatch of one military unit, be it an aircraft, ship, or troops, from a strongpoint.
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Swivel gun
The term swivel gun usually refers to a small cannon, mounted on a swiveling stand or fork which allows a very wide arc of movement.
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Tangier Sound
Tangier Sound is a sound of the Chesapeake Bay bounded on the west by Tangier Island in Virginia, and Smith Island and South Marsh Island in Maryland, by Deal Island in Maryland on the north, and the mainland of the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Pocomoke Sound on the east.
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Thomas Johnson (jurist)
Thomas Johnson (November 4, 1732 – October 26, 1819) was an 18th century American judge and politician.
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USS Virginia (1776)
The first USS Virginia was a 28-gun sailing frigate of the Continental Navy, a ship with a short and unfortunate career.
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West Indies
The West Indies or the Caribbean Basin is a region of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Caribbean that includes the island countries and surrounding waters of three major archipelagoes: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago.
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York, Pennsylvania
York (Pennsylvania German: Yarrick), known as the White Rose City (after the symbol of the House of York), is the county seat of York County, Pennsylvania, United States, located in the south-central region of the state.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Virginia_(1776)
