118 relations: Acid dissociation constant, Acid strength, Adenine, Agence France-Presse, Alanine, Aldehyde, Alkylation, Allosteric regulation, Amide, Ammonia, Animal, Antimetabolite, Aromaticity, Aspartate carbamoyltransferase, Aspartic acid, Bacteria, Base pair, Berry, Biosynthesis, Bovinae, Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, Carbohydrate metabolism, Carbon dioxide, Cassini–Huygens, Cereal germ, Chemical synthesis, Chloroacetic acid, Cofactor (biochemistry), Condensation, Cosmic dust, Cotton, Cytosine, Dehydrogenation, Demethylation, Diazine, DNA, DNA replication, Drug delivery, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Fluorine, Fluorouracil, Folate, Galactose, Glucose, Guanine, Halogen, Helianthus, Herring, Hydrazine, Hydrogen bond, ..., Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrolysis, Imide, Ionization, Iron, Lactam, Lactic acid, Life, Liver, Malic acid, Medication, Meteorite, Methylation, Microorganism, Murchison meteorite, NASA, Natural abundance, Nitration, Nucleic acid, Nucleobase, Oleum, Orchard, Organic compound, Outer space, Oxygen, Panspermia, Pea, Pesticide, PH, Phenol, Phosphate, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Polysaccharide, Pyrimidine, Red giant, Redox, Ribonucleoside, Ribose, RNA, RNA world, Saturn, Sodium hypochlorite, Soybean, Sperm, Spleen, Sugar, Sugar beet, Tautomer, Thiouracil, Thymine, Thymus, Titan (moon), Tomato, Turnip, Ultraviolet, Universe, Uracil-DNA glycosylase, Urea, Uric acid, Uridine, Uridine diphosphate, Uridine diphosphate glucose, Uridine monophosphate, Uridine triphosphate, Vineyard, Wheat, Xanthine, Yeast. Expand index (68 more) »
Acid dissociation constant
An acid dissociation constant, Ka, (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant) is a quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution.
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Acid strength
The strength of an acid refers to its ability or tendency to lose a proton (H+).
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Adenine
Adenine (A, Ade) is a nucleobase (a purine derivative).
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Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.
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Alanine
Alanine (symbol Ala or A) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Aldehyde
An aldehyde or alkanal is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.
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Alkylation
Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another.
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Allosteric regulation
In biochemistry, allosteric regulation (or allosteric control) is the regulation of an enzyme by binding an effector molecule at a site other than the enzyme's active site.
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Amide
An amide (or or), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RnE(O)xNR′2 (R and R′ refer to H or organic groups).
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Ammonia
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Antimetabolite
An antimetabolite is a chemical that inhibits the use of a metabolite, which is another chemical that is part of normal metabolism.
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Aromaticity
In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms.
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Aspartate carbamoyltransferase
Aspartate carbamoyltransferase (also known as aspartate transcarbamoylase or ATCase) catalyzes the first step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway.
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Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid (symbol Asp or D; salts known as aspartates), is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
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Berry
A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.
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Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.
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Bovinae
The biological subfamily Bovinae includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, bison, African buffalo, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes.
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Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase catalyzes the ATP-dependent synthesis of carbamoyl phosphate from glutamine or ammonia and bicarbonate.
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Carbohydrate metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown, and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Cassini–Huygens
The Cassini–Huygens mission, commonly called Cassini, was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.
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Cereal germ
The germ of a cereal is the reproductive part that germinates to grow into a plant; it is the embryo of the seed.
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Chemical synthesis
Chemical synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product, or several products.
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Chloroacetic acid
Chloroacetic acid, industrially known as monochloroacetic acid (MCA) is the organochlorine compound with the formula ClCH2CO2H.
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Cofactor (biochemistry)
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's activity.
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Condensation
Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of vapourisation.
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Cosmic dust
Cosmic dust, also called extraterrestrial dust or space dust, is dust which exists in outer space, as well as all over planet Earth.
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Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.
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Cytosine
Cytosine (C) is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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Dehydrogenation
Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen from an organic molecule.
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Demethylation
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH3) from a molecule.
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Diazine
Diazines are a group of organic compounds having the molecular formula C4H4N2.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
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Drug delivery
Drug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, technologies, and systems for transporting a pharmaceutical compound in the body as needed to safely achieve its desired therapeutic effect.
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Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Earth and Planetary Science Letters is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on physical, chemical and mechanical processes of the Earth and other planets, including extrasolar ones.
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Fluorine
Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9.
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Fluorouracil
Fluorouracil (5-FU), sold under the brand name Adrucil among others, is a medication used to treat cancer.
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Folate
Folate, distinct forms of which are known as folic acid, folacin, and vitamin B9, is one of the B vitamins.
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Galactose
Galactose (galacto- + -ose, "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is about as sweet as glucose, and about 30% as sweet as sucrose.
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Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
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Guanine
Guanine (or G, Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
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Halogen
The halogens are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
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Helianthus
Helianthus or sunflower is a genus of plants comprising about 70 species Flora of North America.
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Herring
Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae.
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Hydrazine
Hydrazine is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula (also written), called diamidogen, archaically.
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Hydrogen bond
A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen (H) which is bound to a more electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F), and another adjacent atom bearing a lone pair of electrons.
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Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.
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Imide
In organic chemistry, an imide is a functional group consisting of two acyl groups bound to nitrogen.
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Ionization
Ionization or ionisation, is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.
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Iron
Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.
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Lactam
A lactam is a cyclic amide.
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Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
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Life
Life is a characteristic that distinguishes physical entities that do have biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Malic acid
Malic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4H6O5.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Meteorite
A meteorite is a solid piece of debris from an object, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, that originates in outer space and survives its passage through the atmosphere to reach the surface of a planet or moon.
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Methylation
In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Murchison meteorite
The Murchison meteorite is a large meteorite that fell to earth near Murchison, Victoria, in Australia, in 1969.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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Natural abundance
In physics, natural abundance (NA) refers to the abundance of isotopes of a chemical element as naturally found on a planet.
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Nitration
Nitration is a general class of chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group into an organic chemical compound.
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Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or small biomolecules, essential to all known forms of life.
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Nucleobase
Nucleobases, also known as nitrogenous bases or often simply bases, are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which in turn are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids.
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Oleum
Oleum (Latin oleum, meaning oil), or fuming sulfuric acid, is a solution of various compositions of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid, or sometimes more specifically to disulfuric acid (also known as pyrosulfuric acid).
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Orchard
An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production.
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Organic compound
In chemistry, an organic compound is generally any chemical compound that contains carbon.
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Outer space
Outer space, or just space, is the expanse that exists beyond the Earth and between celestial bodies.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Panspermia
Panspermia is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids, and also by spacecraft carrying unintended contamination by microorganisms.
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Pea
The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit Pisum sativum.
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Pesticide
Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Phenol
Phenol, also known as phenolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.
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Phosphate
A phosphate is chemical derivative of phosphoric acid.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, also polyaromatic hydrocarbons or polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) are hydrocarbons—organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen—that are composed of multiple aromatic rings (organic rings in which the electrons are delocalized).
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Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides.
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Pyrimidine
Pyrimidine is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound similar to pyridine.
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Red giant
A red giant is a luminous giant star of low or intermediate mass (roughly 0.3–8 solar masses) in a late phase of stellar evolution.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Ribonucleoside
A ribonucleoside is a type of nucleoside including ribose as a component.
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Ribose
Ribose is a carbohydrate with the formula C5H10O5; specifically, it is a pentose monosaccharide (simple sugar) with linear form H−(C.
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RNA
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
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RNA world
The RNA world is a hypothetical stage in the evolutionary history of life on Earth, in which self-replicating RNA molecules proliferated before the evolution of DNA and proteins.
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Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.
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Sodium hypochlorite
No description.
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Soybean
The soybean (Glycine max), or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.
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Sperm
Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").
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Spleen
The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates.
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Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
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Sugar beet
A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and which is grown commercially for sugar production.
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Tautomer
Tautomers are constitutional isomers of organic compounds that readily interconvert.
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Thiouracil
Thiouracil refers both to a specific molecule consisting of a sulfated uracil, and a family of molecules based upon that structure.
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Thymine
---> Thymine (T, Thy) is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA that are represented by the letters G–C–A–T.
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Thymus
The thymus is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system.
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Titan (moon)
Titan is the largest moon of Saturn.
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Tomato
The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit/berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as a tomato plant.
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Turnip
The turnip or white turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) is a root vegetable commonly grown in temperate climates worldwide for its white, bulbous taproot.
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Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
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Universe
The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy.
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Uracil-DNA glycosylase
Uracil-DNA glycosylase, also known as UNG or UDG, is an enzyme.
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Urea
Urea, also known as carbamide, is an organic compound with chemical formula CO(NH2)2.
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Uric acid
Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3.
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Uridine
Uridine is a glycosylated pyrimidine-analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond.
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Uridine diphosphate
Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is a nucleotide diphosphate.
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Uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine diphosphate glucose (uracil-diphosphate glucose, UDP-glucose) is a nucleotide sugar.
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Uridine monophosphate
Uridine monophosphate (UMP), also known as 5′-uridylic acid (conjugate base uridylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA.
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Uridine triphosphate
Uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of the organic base uracil linked to the 1' carbon of the ribose sugar, and esterified with tri-phosphoric acid at the 5' position.
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Vineyard
A vineyard is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice.
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Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.
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Xanthine
Xanthine (or; archaically xanthic acid) (3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione), is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids and in other organisms.
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Yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.
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Redirects here:
2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione, 2,4-dihydroxypryimidine, 2,4-pyrimidinediol, 2-oxy-4-oxy pyrimidine, DNA glycosidae, DNA-uracil glycosidase, Uracil in DNA, Uracil nucleotides, Uraecil.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uracil