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Capital punishment in the United States

Index Capital punishment in the United States

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states, the federal government, and the military. [1]

250 relations: ABC News, Agence France-Presse, Aggravation (law), Aircraft hijacking, Alaska, American Law Institute, Amnesty International, Anesthetic, Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Antonin Scalia, Appeal, Appellate court, Arizona, Assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Atkins v. Virginia, Barack Obama, Barry Schweid, Baze v. Rees, Benzodiazepine, Bernard Shaw (journalist), Bill Clinton, Billy Bailey, Bob Graham, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Byron White, California, Capital punishment, Capital punishment by country, Capital punishment by the United States federal government, Capital punishment by the United States military, Capital punishment debate in the United States, Capital punishment for juveniles in the United States, Capital punishment in Arizona, Capital punishment in California, Capital punishment in Colorado, Capital punishment in Japan, Capital punishment in Kentucky, Capital punishment in Maine, Capital punishment in Michigan, Capital punishment in Montana, Capital punishment in Nebraska, Capital punishment in Nevada, Capital punishment in North Carolina, Capital punishment in Oklahoma, Capital punishment in Oregon, Capital punishment in Pennsylvania, Capital punishment in Puerto Rico, Capital punishment in Rhode Island, Capital punishment in Singapore, Capital punishment in the District of Columbia, ..., Capital punishment in Vermont, Capital punishment in Washington state, Capital punishment in West Virginia, Capital punishment in Wisconsin, Capital punishment in Wyoming, Certiorari, Charles Lane (journalist), Chicago Tribune, Child murder, Child sexual abuse, Clarence Hill (murderer), CNN, Coker v. Georgia, Commutation (law), Connecticut, Connecticut Supreme Court, Constitutional right, Contract killing, Cruel and unusual punishment, Dead Man Walking (book), Death Penalty Information Center, Death row, Death-qualified jury, Delaware, Developed country, Dick Celeste, Drug lord, Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Electric chair, Elmo Patrick Sonnier, Espionage, Etomidate, Execution by firing squad, Execution of Joseph Wood, Execution warrant, Executive (government), Fatwa, Felony murder rule, Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Fiqh Council of North America, Florida, Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Furman v. Georgia, Gallup (company), Gary Gilmore, Gary M. Heidnik, Gas chamber, George H. W. Bush, George Ryan, Gideon v. Wainwright, Glossip v. Gross, Godfrey v. Georgia, Governor, Grand jury, Gregg v. Georgia, Habeas corpus, Hanging, Hawaii, Helen Prejean, Hill v. McDonough, Hispanic and Latino Americans, House v. Bell, Hugo Adam Bedau, Hung jury, Hydromorphone, Hypnotic, Illinois, Ineffective assistance of counsel, Inert gas asphyxiation, Initiatives and referendums in the United States, Iowa, Jamestown, Virginia, Jay Inslee, Jeremy Fogel, Jesse Tafero, Jesus, Jimmy Lee Gray, John A. Bennett, John Kitzhaber, John McCain, Judiciary, Jurisdiction, Jury, Kansas, Kansas v. Marsh, Kennedy v. Louisiana, Kentucky Supreme Court, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, LaGrand case, Last meal, Lethal injection, Life imprisonment, List of death row inmates in the United States, List of last executions in the United States by crime, List of people executed for witchcraft, List of United States Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment, Lists of people executed in the United States, Luis Monge, M. Watt Espy, Mandatory sentencing, Mary Surratt, Maryland, Mass murder, Michael Dukakis, Michael L. Radelet, Midazolam, Minnesota, Mitigating factor, Model Penal Code, Morphine, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York (state), New York State Assembly, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction, Oklahoma, Oregon, Original jurisdiction, Owensboro, Kentucky, Pancuronium bromide, Pardon, Pat Quinn (politician), Pennsylvania State Senate, Pentobarbital, Pepperdine University School of Law, Pew Research Center, Pfizer, Plea bargain, Police officer, Potassium chloride, Potter Stewart, Powell v. Alabama, President, President of the United States, Prosecutor, Public records, Race and capital punishment in the United States, Rainey Bethea, Rape, Referendum, Robert Gleason (murderer), Ronnie Lee Gardner, Roper v. Simmons, Salem witch trials, Sentence (law), Separation of powers, September 11 attacks, Stanford Law Review, Suffrage, Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court of Virginia, Taiwan, Temple Law Review, Texas, The Lancet, The New Republic, The New York Times, The Oregonian, The Washington Post, Third Enforcement Act, Thurgood Marshall, Timothy McVeigh, Tom Wolf, Toney Anaya, Torture murder, Treason, Trial, Trop v. Dulles, United States, United States Army, United States Attorney General, United States Bill of Rights, United States Code, United States Congress, United States Constitution, United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, United States district court, United States Marshals Service, United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, United States presidential election, 1988, United States presidential election, 2008, Utah, Velma Barfield, Vice (magazine), Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, Virginia, Wallace Wilkerson, Wanda Jean Allen, WBRL-CD, Wilkerson v. Utah, William J. Brennan Jr., William Kemmler, William O. Douglas, Writ, Wyoming. Expand index (200 more) »

ABC News

ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company (ABC), owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.

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Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.

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Aggravation (law)

Aggravation, in law, is "any circumstance attending the commission of a crime or tort which increases its guilt or enormity or adds to its injurious consequences, but which is above and beyond the essential constituents of the crime or tort itself." Aggravated assault, for example, is usually differentiated from simple assault by the offender's intent (e.g., to murder or to rape), the extent of injury to the victim, or the use of a deadly weapon.

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Aircraft hijacking

Aircraft hijacking (also air piracy or aircraft piracy, especially within the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States and in the US state of Mississippi, and as skyjacking in some nations) is the unlawful seizure of an aircraft by an individual or a group.

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Alaska

Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.

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American Law Institute

The American Law Institute (ALI) was established in 1923 to promote the clarification and simplification of United States common law and its adaptation to changing social needs.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Anesthetic

An anesthetic (or anaesthetic) is a drug to prevent pain during surgery, completely blocking any feeling as opposed to an analgesic.

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Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996

The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, Pub.

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Antonin Scalia

Antonin Gregory Scalia (March 11, 1936 – February 13, 2016) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1986 until his death in 2016.

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Appeal

In law, an appeal is the process in which cases are reviewed, where parties request a formal change to an official decision.

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Appellate court

An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court, court of appeals (American English), appeal court (British English), court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.

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Arizona

Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.

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Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. Shot in the head as he watched the play, Lincoln died the following day at 7:22 a.m., in the Petersen House opposite the theater.

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Atkins v. Virginia

Atkins v. Virginia,, is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled 6-3 that executing people with intellectual disabilities violates the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishments, but states can define who has intellectual disability.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Barry Schweid

Barry Schweid (July 30, 1932 – December 10, 2015) was an American journalist.

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Baze v. Rees

Baze v. Rees,, is a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which upheld the constitutionality of a particular method of lethal injection used for capital punishment.

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Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.

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Bernard Shaw (journalist)

Bernard Shaw (born May 22, 1940) is a retired American journalist and former lead news anchor for CNN from 1980 until his retirement in March 2001.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Billy Bailey

Billy Bailey (January 1947 – January 25, 1996) was a convicted murderer who was hanged in Delaware in 1996.

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Bob Graham

Daniel Robert Graham (born November 9, 1936) is an American politician and author.

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Bureau of Justice Statistics

The United States Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) is a federal government agency belonging to the U.S. Department of Justice and a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System.

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Byron White

Byron Raymond "Whizzer" White (June 8, 1917 – April 15, 2002) was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Capital punishment

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.

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Capital punishment by country

The following is a summary of the use of capital punishment by country.

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Capital punishment by the United States federal government

Capital punishment is a legal penalty under the United States federal government criminal justice system.

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Capital punishment by the United States military

Capital punishment is a legal penalty under the U.S. military criminal justice system.

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Capital punishment debate in the United States

Capital punishment debate in the United States existed as early as the colonial period.

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Capital punishment for juveniles in the United States

Capital punishment for juveniles in the United States existed until March 1, 2005, when the U.S. Supreme Court banned it in Roper v. Simmons.

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Capital punishment in Arizona

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Arizona.

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Capital punishment in California

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of California.

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Capital punishment in Colorado

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Capital punishment in Japan

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Japan.

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Capital punishment in Kentucky

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Kentucky.

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Capital punishment in Maine

Capital punishment is abolished in the U.S. state of Maine Between 1644 and 1885, 21 people were executed in Maine.

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Capital punishment in Michigan

Capital punishment in Michigan was legal from statehood in 1837 until it was abolished in 1846 for murder.

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Capital punishment in Montana

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Montana.

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Capital punishment in Nebraska

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Nebraska.

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Capital punishment in Nevada

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Nevada.

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Capital punishment in North Carolina

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of North Carolina.

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Capital punishment in Oklahoma

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

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Capital punishment in Oregon

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Oregon.

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Capital punishment in Pennsylvania

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.

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Capital punishment in Puerto Rico

Capital punishment in Puerto Rico, an unincorporated territory of the United States, is abolished.

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Capital punishment in Rhode Island

Rhode Island was one of the earliest states in the United States to abolish capital punishment, having abolished it for all crimes in 1852.

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Capital punishment in Singapore

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Singapore.

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Capital punishment in the District of Columbia

Capital punishment is abolished in the federal District of Columbia.

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Capital punishment in Vermont

Capital punishment was abolished in Vermont in 1972.

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Capital punishment in Washington state

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Washington.

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Capital punishment in West Virginia

Capital punishment is abolished in the U.S. State of West Virginia since 1965.

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Capital punishment in Wisconsin

Capital punishment in Wisconsin was abolished in 1853.

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Capital punishment in Wyoming

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Wyoming.

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Certiorari

Certiorari, often abbreviated cert. in the United States, is a process for seeking judicial review and a writ issued by a court that agrees to review.

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Charles Lane (journalist)

Charles "Chuck" Lane (born 1961) is an American journalist and editor who is an editorial writer for The Washington Post and a regular guest on Fox News Channel.

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Chicago Tribune

The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by Tronc, Inc., formerly Tribune Publishing.

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Child murder

Child murder or child homicide is the homicide of an individual who is a minor.

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Child sexual abuse

Child sexual abuse, also called child molestation, is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation.

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Clarence Hill (murderer)

Clarence Edward Hill (December 2, 1957 – September 20, 2006) was an American convicted murderer executed by the state of Florida.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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Coker v. Georgia

Coker v. Georgia, 433 U.S. 584 (1977), held that the death penalty for rape of an adult woman was grossly disproportionate and excessive punishment, and therefore unconstitutional under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Commutation (law)

In law, a commutation is the substitution of a lesser penalty for that given after a conviction for a crime.

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Connecticut

Connecticut is the southernmost state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Connecticut Supreme Court

The Connecticut Supreme Court, formerly known as the Connecticut Supreme Court of Errors, is the highest court in the U.S. state of Connecticut.

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Constitutional right

A constitutional right can be a prerogative or a duty, a power or a restraint of power, recognized and established by a sovereign state or union of states.

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Contract killing

Contract killing is a form of murder in which one party hires another party to kill a target individual or group of people.

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Cruel and unusual punishment

Cruel and unusual punishment is a phrase describing punishment that is considered unacceptable due to the suffering, pain, or humiliation it inflicts on the person subjected to it.

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Dead Man Walking (book)

Dead Man Walking (1993) is a work of non-fiction by Sister Helen Prejean, a Roman Catholic nun and one of the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Medaille based in New Orleans.

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Death Penalty Information Center

The Death Penalty Information Center (DPIC) is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C., that focuses on disseminating studies and reports related to the death penalty by itself and others to the news media and general public.

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Death row

Death row is a special section of a prison that houses inmates who are awaiting execution after being sentenced to death for the conviction of capital crimes.

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Death-qualified jury

A death-qualified jury is a jury in a criminal law case in the United States in which the death penalty is a prospective sentence.

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Delaware

Delaware is one of the 50 states of the United States, in the Mid-Atlantic or Northeastern region.

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Developed country

A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country, or "more economically developed country" (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

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Dick Celeste

Richard Frank "Dick" Celeste (born November 11, 1937) is an American former diplomat, university administrator and politician from Ohio, he is a member of the Democratic Party and served as the 64th Governor of Ohio from 1983 to 1991.

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Drug lord

A drug lord, drug baron, kingpin, or narcotrafficker is a person who controls a sizable network of people involved in the illegal drug trade.

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Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Eighth Amendment (Amendment VIII) of the United States Constitution prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments.

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Electric chair

Execution by electrocution, performed using an electric chair, is a method of execution originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg.

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Elmo Patrick Sonnier

Elmo Patrick "Pat" Sonnier (February 21, 1950 – April 5, 1984) was a convicted American murderer and rapist in Louisiana who was executed by electrocution at Louisiana State Penitentiary in Louisiana on April 5, 1984.

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Espionage

Espionage or spying, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information without the permission of the holder of the information.

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Etomidate

Etomidate (USAN, INN, BAN) (marketed as Amidate) is a short-acting intravenous anaesthetic agent used for the induction of general anaesthesia and sedation for short procedures such as reduction of dislocated joints, tracheal intubation, and cardioversion.

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Execution by firing squad

Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading (from the French fusil, rifle), is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war.

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Execution of Joseph Wood

The execution of Joseph Rudolph Wood III occurred on July 23, 2014, at Florence State Prison in Arizona, with a two-hour lethal injection procedure that was described as "botched".

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Execution warrant

An execution warrant (also called death warrant or black warrant) is a writ that authorizes the execution of a judgment of death (capital punishment) on an individual.

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Executive (government)

The executive is the organ exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state.

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Fatwa

A fatwā (فتوى; plural fatāwā فتاوى.) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law.

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Felony murder rule

The rule of felony murder is a legal doctrine in some common law jurisdictions that broadens the crime of murder: when an offender kills (regardless of intent to kill) in the commission of a dangerous or enumerated crime (called a felony in some jurisdictions), the offender, and also the offender's accomplices or co-conspirators, may be found guilty of murder.

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Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Fifth Amendment (Amendment V) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights and, among other things, protects individuals from being compelled to be witnesses against themselves in criminal cases.

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Fiqh Council of North America

The Fiqh Council of North America (originally known as ISNA Fiqh Committee) is an association of Muslims who interpret Islamic law on the North American continent.

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Florida

Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.

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Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.

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Furman v. Georgia

Furman v. Georgia, was a criminal case in which the United States Supreme Court struck down all death penalty schemes in the United States in a 5–4 decision, with each member of the majority writing a separate opinion.

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Gallup (company)

Gallup, Inc. is an American research-based, global performance-management consulting company.

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Gary Gilmore

Gary Mark Gilmore (December 4, 1940 – January 17, 1977) was an American criminal who gained international attention for demanding the implementation of his death sentence for two murders he committed in Utah.

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Gary M. Heidnik

Gary Michael Heidnik (November 22, 1943 – July 6, 1999) was an American murderer who kidnapped, tortured, and raped six women, killing two of them, while holding them prisoner in a pit in his basement in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Gas chamber

A gas chamber is an apparatus for killing humans or other animals with gas, consisting of a sealed chamber into which a poisonous or asphyxiant gas is introduced.

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George H. W. Bush

George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.

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George Ryan

George Homer Ryan Sr. (born February 24, 1934) is an American former politician who was the 39th Governor of the U.S. state of Illinois from 1999 until 2003.

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Gideon v. Wainwright

Gideon v. Wainwright,, is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history.

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Glossip v. Gross

Glossip v. Gross, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held, 5–4, that lethal injections using midazolam do not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Godfrey v. Georgia

Godfrey v. Georgia,, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a death sentence could not be granted for a murder when the only aggravating factor was that the murder was found to be "outrageously or wantonly vile." The Court reversed and remanded the Georgia death penalty sentence because, under Furman v. Georgia, such a factor did not help sentencing judges or juries avoid arbitrary and capricious infliction of the death penalty.

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Governor

A governor is, in most cases, a public official with the power to govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level of government, ranking under the head of state.

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Grand jury

A grand jury is a legal body empowered to conduct official proceedings and investigate potential criminal conduct, and determine whether criminal charges should be brought.

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Gregg v. Georgia

Gregg v. Georgia, Proffitt v. Florida, Jurek v. Texas, Woodson v. North Carolina, and Roberts v. Louisiana,, reaffirmed the United States Supreme Court's acceptance of the use of the death penalty in the United States, upholding, in particular, the death sentence imposed on Troy Leon Gregg.

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Habeas corpus

Habeas corpus (Medieval Latin meaning literally "that you have the body") is a recourse in law through which a person can report an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the detention is lawful.

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Hanging

Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Helen Prejean

Helen Prejean, C.S.J. (born April 21, 1939, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) is a Roman Catholic sister, a member of the Congregation of St. Joseph based in New Orleans, and a leading American advocate for the abolition of the death penalty.

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Hill v. McDonough

Hill v. McDonough,, was a United States Supreme Court case challenging the use of lethal injection as a form of execution in the state of Florida.

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Hispanic and Latino Americans

Hispanic Americans and Latino Americans (Estadounidenses hispanos) are people in the United States who are descendants of people from countries of Latin America and Spain.

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House v. Bell

House v. Bell, 547 U.S. 518 (2006),.

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Hugo Adam Bedau

Hugo Adam Bedau (September 23, 1926 – August 13, 2012) was the Austin B. Fletcher Professor of Philosophy, Emeritus, at Tufts University, and is best known for his work on capital punishment.

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Hung jury

A hung jury or deadlocked jury is a judicial jury that cannot agree upon a verdict after extended deliberation and is unable to reach the required unanimity or supermajority.

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Hydromorphone

Hydromorphone, also known as dihydromorphinone, and sold under the brand name Dilaudid, among others, is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.

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Hypnotic

Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep) or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and to be used in the treatment of insomnia (sleeplessness), or surgical anesthesia.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Ineffective assistance of counsel

Ineffective assistance of counsel is a claim raised by a convicted criminal defendant where the innocent defendant's legal counsel performed so ineffectively that it deprived the defendant of the constitutional right guaranteed by the Assistance of Counsel Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

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Inert gas asphyxiation

Inert gas asphyxiation is a form of asphyxiation which results from breathing a physiologically inert gas in the absence of oxygen, or a low amount of oxygen, rather than atmospheric air (which is largely composed of nitrogen and oxygen).

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Initiatives and referendums in the United States

Initiative, referendum, and recall are three powers reserved to enable the voters, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office.

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Iowa

Iowa is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers to the west.

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Jamestown, Virginia

The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.

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Jay Inslee

Jay Robert Inslee (born February 9, 1951) is an American politician, author, and attorney serving as the 23rd and current Governor of Washington since January 2013.

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Jeremy Fogel

Jeremy Don Fogel (born September 17, 1949)"." S. Hrg.

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Jesse Tafero

Jesse Joseph Tafero (October 12, 1946 – May 4, 1990), was convicted of murder and executed via electric chair in the state of Florida for the murders of Florida Highway Patrol officer Phillip Black and Donald Irwin, a visiting Canadian constable and friend of Black.

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Jesus

Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Jimmy Lee Gray

Jimmy Lee Gray (September 25, 1949 – September 2, 1983) was convicted for the murder of three-year-old Deressa Jean Scales in 1976, after kidnapping and sodomizing her.

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John A. Bennett

John Arthur Bennett (April 10, 1935April 13, 1961) was an African-American United States Army soldier who was convicted and executed for the rape and attempted murder of an 11-year-old Austrian girl.

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John Kitzhaber

John Albert Kitzhaber (born March 5, 1947) is an American physician and former politician.

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John McCain

John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Arizona, a seat he was first elected to in 1986.

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Judiciary

The judiciary (also known as the judicial system or court system) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state.

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Jurisdiction

Jurisdiction (from the Latin ius, iuris meaning "law" and dicere meaning "to speak") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined field of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law.

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Jury

A jury is a sworn body of people convened to render an impartial verdict (a finding of fact on a question) officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment.

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Kansas

Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.

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Kansas v. Marsh

Kansas v. Marsh,, is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a Kansas death penalty statute was consistent with the United States Constitution.

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Kennedy v. Louisiana

Kennedy v. Louisiana,, is a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that the Eighth Amendment's Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause prohibits imposing the death penalty for the rape of a child in cases where the victim did not die and death was not intended.

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Kentucky Supreme Court

The Kentucky Supreme Court was created by a 1975 constitutional amendment and is the state supreme court of the U.S. state of Kentucky.

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Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (sometimes also spelled Khalid Shaikh Mohammed; among at least fifty pseudonyms; born April 14, 1965) is a Pakistani Islamist militant held by the United States at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp under terrorism-related charges.

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LaGrand case

The LaGrand case was a legal action heard before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) which concerned the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations.

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Last meal

A condemned prisoner's last meal is a customary ritual preceding execution.

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Lethal injection

Lethal injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person (typically a barbiturate, paralytic, and potassium solution) for the express purpose of causing immediate death.

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Life imprisonment

Life imprisonment (also known as imprisonment for life, life in prison, a life sentence, a life term, lifelong incarceration, life incarceration or simply life) is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted persons are to remain in prison either for the rest of their natural life or until paroled.

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List of death row inmates in the United States

, there were 2,682 death row inmates in the United States.

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List of last executions in the United States by crime

This is a list of the last executions in the United States for the crimes stated.

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List of people executed for witchcraft

This is a list of people executed for witchcraft, many of whom were executed during organised witch-hunts, particularly from the 15th–18th centuries.

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List of United States Supreme Court decisions on capital punishment

The U.S. Supreme Court has issued numerous rulings on the use of capital punishment (the death penalty).

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Lists of people executed in the United States

The following are lists of people executed in the United States.

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Luis Monge

Luis José Monge (August 21, 1918 – June 2, 1967) was a convicted mass murderer who was executed in the gas chamber at Colorado State Penitentiary in 1967.

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M. Watt Espy

Major Watt Espy, Jr. (March 2, 1933 – August 13, 2009) was a researcher and expert on capital punishment in the United States.

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Mandatory sentencing

Mandatory sentencing requires that offenders serve a predefined term for certain crimes, commonly serious and violent offenses.

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Mary Surratt

Mary Elizabeth Jenkins SurrattCashin, p. 287.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.

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Mass murder

Mass murder is the act of murdering a number of people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity.

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Michael Dukakis

Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is a retired American politician who served as the 65th Governor of Massachusetts, from 1975 to 1979 and again from 1983 to 1991.

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Michael L. Radelet

Dr.

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Midazolam

Midazolam, marketed under the trade name Versed, among others, is a medication used for anesthesia, procedural sedation, trouble sleeping, and severe agitation.

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Minnesota

Minnesota is a state in the Upper Midwest and northern regions of the United States.

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Mitigating factor

In United States criminal law, a mitigating factor is any information or evidence presented to the court regarding the defendant or the circumstances of the crime that might result in reduced charges or a lesser sentence.

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Model Penal Code

The Model Penal Code (MPC) is a text designed to stimulate and assist U.S. state legislatures to update and standardize the penal law of the United States of America.

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Morphine

Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.

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National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (also known as "NASEM" or "the National Academies") is the collective scientific national academy of the United States.

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Nebraska

Nebraska is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States.

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New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States.

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New Mexico

New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.

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New York (state)

New York is a state in the northeastern United States.

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New York State Assembly

The New York State Assembly is the lower house of the New York State Legislature, the New York State Senate being the upper house.

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North Carolina

North Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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North Dakota

North Dakota is a U.S. state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States.

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Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.

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Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction

The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction (DRC or ODRC) is the administrative department of the Ohio state government that operates state prisons for adults in Ohio.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Oregon

Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.

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Original jurisdiction

The original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.

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Owensboro, Kentucky

Owensboro is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Daviess County, Kentucky, United States.

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Pancuronium bromide

Pancuronium (trademarked as Pavulon) is an aminosteroid muscle relaxant with various medical uses.

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Pardon

A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be absolved of guilt for an alleged crime or other legal offense, as if the act never occurred.

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Pat Quinn (politician)

Patrick Joseph Quinn Jr. (born December 16, 1948) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 41st Governor of Illinois, from 2009 to 2015.

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Pennsylvania State Senate

The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, the Pennsylvania state legislature.

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Pentobarbital

Pentobarbital (INN, AAN, BAN, USAN) or pentobarbitone (former AAN and BAN) is a short-acting barbiturate.

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Pepperdine University School of Law

The school offers the Juris Doctor (JD), and various Masters of Laws (LLM) options in Dispute Resolution, International Commercial Arbitration, United States Law, and Entertainment, Media, and Sports Law.

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Pew Research Center

The Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan American fact tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.

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Pfizer

Pfizer Inc. is an American pharmaceutical conglomerate headquartered in New York City, with its research headquarters in Groton, Connecticut.

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Plea bargain

The plea bargain (also plea agreement, plea deal, copping a plea, or plea in mitigation) is any agreement in a criminal case between the prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a particular charge in return for some concession from the prosecutor.

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Police officer

A police officer, also known as an officer, policeman, policewoman, cop, police agent, or a police employee is a warranted law employee of a police force.

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Potassium chloride

Potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine.

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Potter Stewart

Potter Stewart (January 23, 1915December 7, 1985) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from 1958 to 1981.

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Powell v. Alabama

In Powell v. Alabama, the United States Supreme Court reversed the convictions of nine young black men for allegedly raping two white women on a freight train near Scottsboro, Alabama.

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President

The president is a common title for the head of state in most republics.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Prosecutor

A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the common law adversarial system, or the civil law inquisitorial system.

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Public records

Public records are documents or pieces of information that are not considered confidential and generally pertain to the conduct of government.

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Race and capital punishment in the United States

The relationship between race and capital punishment in the United States has been studied extensively.

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Rainey Bethea

Rainey Bethea (c. 1909 – August 14, 1936) was the last person publicly executed in the United States.

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Rape

Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without that person's consent.

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Referendum

A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal.

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Robert Gleason (murderer)

Robert Charles Gleason, Jr. (April 10, 1970 - January 16, 2013) was an American murderer sentenced to death and executed by the Commonwealth of Virginia for two separate murders of two of his cellmates.

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Ronnie Lee Gardner

Ronnie Lee Gardner (January 16, 1961 – June 18, 2010) was an American criminal who received the death penalty for murder in 1985, and was executed by a firing squad by the state of Utah in 2010.

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Roper v. Simmons

Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005), was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that it is unconstitutional to impose capital punishment for crimes committed while under the age of 18.

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Salem witch trials

The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693.

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Sentence (law)

A sentence is a decree of punishment of the court in criminal procedure.

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Separation of powers

The separation of powers is a model for the governance of a state.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.

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Stanford Law Review

The Stanford Law Review (SLR) is a legal journal produced independently by Stanford Law School students.

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Suffrage

Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).

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Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.

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Supreme Court of Virginia

The Supreme Court of Virginia is the highest court in the Commonwealth of Virginia.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Temple Law Review

Temple Law Review is a student-edited law review, sponsored by the Temple University Beasley School of Law.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.

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The New Republic

The New Republic is a liberal American magazine of commentary on politics and the arts, published since 1914, with influence on American political and cultural thinking.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Oregonian

The Oregonian is a daily newspaper based in Portland, Oregon, owned by Advance Publications.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Third Enforcement Act

The Enforcement Act of 1871, also known as the Civil Rights Act of 1871, Force Act of 1871, Ku Klux Klan Act, Third Enforcement Act, or Third Ku Klux Klan Act, is an Act of the United States Congress which empowered the President to suspend the writ of habeas corpus to combat the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and other white supremacy organizations.

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Thurgood Marshall

Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908January 24, 1993) was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991.

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Timothy McVeigh

Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001) was an American domestic terrorist who perpetrated the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, which killed 168 people and injured over 680 others.

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Tom Wolf

Thomas Westerman Wolf (born November 17, 1948) is an American businessman and politician serving as the 47th and current Governor of Pennsylvania since taking office on January 20, 2015.

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Toney Anaya

Toney Anaya (born April 29, 1941) is an American Democratic politician who served as the 26th Governor of New Mexico from 1983 to 1987.

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Torture murder

A torture murder is a murder where death was preceded by the torture of the victim.

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Treason

In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's nation or sovereign.

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Trial

In law, a trial is a coming together of parties to a dispute, to present information (in the form of evidence) in a tribunal, a formal setting with the authority to adjudicate claims or disputes.

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Trop v. Dulles

Trop v. Dulles,, was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to revoke citizenship as a punishment for a crime.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Attorney General

The United States Attorney General (A.G.) is the head of the United States Department of Justice per, concerned with all legal affairs, and is the chief lawyer of the United States government.

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United States Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

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United States Code

The Code of Laws of the United States of America (variously abbreviated to Code of Laws of the United States, United States Code, U.S. Code, U.S.C., or USC) is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Constitution

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.

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United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (in case citations, D.C. Cir.) known informally as the D.C. Circuit, is the federal appellate court for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.

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United States district court

The United States district courts are the general trial courts of the United States federal court system.

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United States Marshals Service

The United States Marshals Service (USMS) is a federal law-enforcement agency within the U.S. Department of Justice.

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United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute

The United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute (USP Terre Haute) is a high-security United States federal prison for male inmates in Terre Haute, Indiana.

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United States presidential election, 1988

The United States presidential election of 1988 was the 51st quadrennial United States presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 2008

The United States presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election.

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Utah

Utah is a state in the western United States.

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Velma Barfield

Margie Velma Barfield (née Margie Velma Bullard) (October 29, 1932 – November 2, 1984) was an American serial killer, convicted of one murder, but she eventually confessed to six murders in total.

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Vice (magazine)

Vice is a Canadian-American print magazine focused on arts, culture, and news topics.

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Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act

The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994,, is an Act of Congress dealing with crime and law enforcement; it became law in 1994.

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Virginia

Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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Wallace Wilkerson

Wallace Wilkerson (c. 1834 – May 16, 1879) was an American stockman who was sentenced to death by the Territory of Utah for the murder of William Baxter.

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Wanda Jean Allen

Wanda Jean Allen (August 17, 1959 – January 11, 2001) was sentenced to death in 1989 for the murder of Gloria Jean Leathers, 29, her longtime girlfriend.

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WBRL-CD

WBRL-CD, virtual and UHF digital channel 21, is a low-powered, Class A CW-affiliated television station licensed to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States.

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Wilkerson v. Utah

Wilkerson v. Utah, 99 U.S. 130 (1879),.

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William J. Brennan Jr.

William Joseph Brennan Jr. (April 25, 1906 – July 24, 1997) was an American judge who served as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1956 to 1990.

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William Kemmler

William Francis Kemmler (May 9, 1860 – August 6, 1890) of Buffalo, New York, was a convicted murderer and the first person in the world to be legally executed using an electric chair.

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William O. Douglas

William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898January 19, 1980) was an American jurist and politician who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

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Writ

In common law, a writ (Anglo-Saxon gewrit, Latin breve) is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction; in modern usage, this body is generally a court.

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Wyoming

Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States

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