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Grenache

Index Grenache

Grenache or Garnacha is one of the most widely planted red wine grape varieties in the world. [1]

178 relations: Acids in wine, Acre, Aging of wine, Alcohol by volume, Alella, Algerian wine, Alicante Bouschet, Amarone, American Viticultural Area, Ampelography, Annual growth cycle of grapevines, Appellation d'origine contrôlée, Aragon, Argentine wine, Australian wine, Banyuls AOC, Barossa Valley (wine), Black pepper, Blackberry, Blackcurrant, Botrytis cinerea, Brandy, Burgundy wine, Cabernet Sauvignon, Calabrian wine, Calatayud (DO), California wine, Campo de Borja (DO), Canopy (grape), Carboy, Cariñena (DO), Carignan, Catalan wine, Côtes du Rhône AOC, Cebreros, Central Coast AVA, Chardonnay, Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC, Cheese, Chilean wine, Cierzo, Cinsaut, Clare Valley, Coffee, Columbia Gorge AVA, Corbières AOC, Costers del Segre, Coulure, Crown of Aragon, ..., Cutting (plant), Cypriot wine, Denominación de origen, Downy mildew, Drôme, Drought, Empordà (DO), Fermentation in winemaking, Ficus, Fitou AOC, Fortified wine, France, French wine, Gigondas AOC, Gingerbread, Granite, Great French Wine Blight, Greek wine, Grenache blanc, Harvest (wine), Hectare, Honey, Horse Heaven Hills AVA, Irrigation in viticulture, Israeli wine, Italian wine, James Busby, Jug wine, La Mancha (DO), La Rioja (Spain), Languedoc-Roussillon, Languedoc-Roussillon wine, Leather, Leon Adams, Lirac AOC, List of grape diseases, List of grape varieties, List of vineyard soil types, Litre, Maceration (wine), Maderisation, Madrid, Marselan, Maury AOC, Méntrida (wine), McLaren Vale, Mechanised agriculture, Mediterranean Sea, Mendocino County wine, Merlot, Mexican wine, Minervois AOC, Mistral (wind), Morocco, Mourvèdre, Navarra (DO), New World wine, Nut (fruit), Oak (wine), Old vine, Olive, Penedès, Penfolds, Perpignan, Phenolic content in wine, Pierre Galet, Plant breeding, Plant nursery, Port wine, Pressing (wine), Priorat, Priorat (DOQ), Procyanidin, Propagation of grapevines, Provence wine, Prunus serotina, Pyrenees, Racking, Raisin, Raspberry, Redox, Rhône, Rhône wine, Rhone Rangers, Rioja (wine), Ripeness in viticulture, Riverland, Rootstock, Rosé, Roussillon, Royal Spanish Academy, San Joaquin Valley, Sardinia, Sémillon, Schist, Sicily, Somontano, South African wine, South Australian wine, Spain, Spanish wine, Spanish wine regions, Spice, Strawberry, Sugars in wine, Synonym, Syrah, Tar, Tarragona (DO), Tavel AOC, Teinturier, Tempranillo, Terra Alta (DO), Ton, Trebbiano, Uruguayan wine, Vacqueyras AOC, Varietal, Vine training, Vinos de Madrid, Vitis vinifera, Washington wine, Water scarcity, White Zinfandel, Wine color, Wine tasting descriptors, Yakima Valley AVA, Yield (wine). Expand index (128 more) »

Acids in wine

The acids in wine are an important component in both winemaking and the finished product of wine.

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Acre

The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems.

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Aging of wine

The aging of wine (American spelling) or ageing of wine (British spelling) is potentially able to improve the quality of wine.

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Alcohol by volume

Alcohol by volume (abbreviated as ABV, abv, or alc/vol) is a standard measure of how much alcohol (ethanol) is contained in a given volume of an alcoholic beverage (expressed as a volume percent).

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Alella

Alella is a village in the ''comarca'' (shire) of Maresme in Catalunya, Spain.

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Algerian wine

Algerian wine is wine made in Algeria.

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Alicante Bouschet

Alicante Bouschet or Alicante Henri Bouschet is a wine grape variety that has been widely cultivated since 1866.

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Amarone

Amarone della Valpolicella, usually known as Amarone, is a typically rich Italian dry red wine made from the partially dried grapes of the Corvina (45–95%, of which up to 50% could be substituted with Corvinone), Rondinella (5–30%) and other approved red grape varieties (up to 25%).

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American Viticultural Area

An American Viticultural Area (AVA) is a designated wine grape-growing region in the United States, providing an official appellation for the benefit of wineries.

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Ampelography

Ampelography (ἄμπελος, "vine" + γράφος, "writing") is the field of botany concerned with the identification and classification of grapevines, ''Vitis'' spp. Traditionally this has been done by comparing the shape and colour of the vine leaves and grape berries; more recently the study of vines has been revolutionised by DNA fingerprinting.

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Annual growth cycle of grapevines

The annual growth cycle of grapevines is the process that takes place in the vineyard each year, beginning with bud break in the spring and culminating in leaf fall in autumn followed by winter dormancy.

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Appellation d'origine contrôlée

The appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC;; "protected designation of origin") is the French certification granted to certain French geographical indications for wines, cheeses, butters, and other agricultural products, all under the auspices of the government bureau Institut national des appellations d'origine, now called Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO).

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Aragon

Aragon (or, Spanish and Aragón, Aragó or) is an autonomous community in Spain, coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon.

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Argentine wine

Argentina is the fifth largest producer of wine in the world.

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Australian wine

The Australian wine industry is the world's fourth largest exporter of wine with approximately 750 million litres a year to the international export market with only about 40% of production consumed domestically.

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Banyuls AOC

Banyuls is a French appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) for a fortified apéritif or dessert wine made from old vines cultivated in terraces on the slopes of the Catalan Pyrenees in the Roussillon county of France, bordering, to the south, the Empordà wine region in Catalonia in Spain.

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Barossa Valley (wine)

The Barossa Valley wine region is one of Australia's oldest wine regions.

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Black pepper

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning, known as a peppercorn.

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Blackberry

The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus Rubus, and hybrids between the subgenera Rubus and Idaeobatus.

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Blackcurrant

The blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) is a woody shrub in the family Grossulariaceae grown for its piquant berries.

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Botrytis cinerea

Botrytis cinerea ("botrytis" from Ancient Greek botrys (βότρυς) meaning "grapes" plus the New Latin suffix -itis for disease) is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes.

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Brandy

Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine.

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Burgundy wine

Burgundy wine (Bourgogne or vin de Bourgogne) is wine made in the Burgundy region in eastern France, in the valleys and slopes west of the Saône, a tributary of the Rhône.

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Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.

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Calabrian wine

Calabrian wine (Italian: Vino Calabrese) is Italian wine from the Calabria region of southern Italy.

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Calatayud (DO)

Calatayud is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines located in the southwestern corner of the province of Zaragoza (Aragón, Spain) about 90 km from Zaragoza and covers over 5,600 ha, extending over 46 different municipalities, including Calatayud itself.

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California wine

California wine is wine made in the U.S. state of California.

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Campo de Borja (DO)

Campo de Borja is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines located in the Campo de Borja comarca, northwest of the province of Zaragoza (Aragon, Spain).

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Canopy (grape)

In viticulture, the canopy of a grapevine includes the parts of the vine visible aboveground - the trunk, cordon, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit.

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Carboy

A carboy (or carbouy), demijohn, or jimmyjohn is a rigid container with a typical capacity of.

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Cariñena (DO)

Cariñena is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines located in Cariñena in the province of Zaragoza (Aragón, Spain).

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Carignan

Carignan (also known as Mazuelo, Bovale Grande, Cariñena, Carinyena, Samsó, Carignane, and Carignano) is a red grape variety of Spanish origin that is more commonly found in French wine but is widely planted throughout the western Mediterranean and around the globe.

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Catalan wine

Catalan wines are those that are produced in the wine region of Catalonia.

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Côtes du Rhône AOC

Côtes du Rhône is a wine-growing Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for the Rhône wine region of France, which may be used throughout the region, also in those areas which are covered by other AOCs.

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Cebreros

Cebreros is a municipality in the Ávila province, Castile-Leon in Spain.

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Central Coast AVA

The Central Coast AVA is a large American Viticultural Area that spans from Santa Barbara County in the south to the San Francisco Bay Area in the north.

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Chardonnay

Chardonnay is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine.

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Châteauneuf-du-Pape

Châteauneuf-du-Pape is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC

Châteauneuf-du-Pape is a French wine Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) located around the village of Châteauneuf-du-Pape in the Rhône wine region in southeastern France.

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Cheese

Cheese is a dairy product derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.

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Chilean wine

Chilean wine has a long history for a New World wine region, as it was the 16th century when the Spanish conquistadors brought Vitis vinifera vines with them as they colonized the region.

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Cierzo

The cierzo is a strong, dry and usually cold wind that blows from the North or Northwest through the regions of Aragon, La Rioja and Navarra in the Ebro valley in Spain.

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Cinsaut

Cinsaut or Cinsault is a red wine grape, whose heat tolerance and productivity make it important in Languedoc-Roussillon and the former French colonies of Algeria and Morocco.

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Clare Valley

The Clare Valley is a valley located in South Australia about north of Adelaide in the Clare and Gilbert Valleys council area.

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Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant.

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Columbia Gorge AVA

The Columbia Gorge AVA is an American Viticultural Area which includes land surrounding the Columbia River Gorge, straddling the border between Oregon and Washington.

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Corbières AOC

Corbières is an Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) for wine in the Languedoc-Roussillon, France, and it is this region's largest AOC, responsible for 46 per cent of the region's AOC wine production in 2005.

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Costers del Segre

Costers del Segre is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) (Denominació d'Origen in Catalan) for wines located in the province of Lleida (Catalonia, Spain) and is divided into several separate sub-zones.

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Coulure

Coulure (pronounced coo-LYUR) is a viticultural hazard that is the result of metabolic reactions to weather conditions that causes a failure of grapes to develop after flowering.

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Crown of Aragon

The Crown of Aragon (Corona d'Aragón, Corona d'Aragó, Corona de Aragón),Corona d'AragónCorona AragonumCorona de Aragón) also referred by some modern historians as Catalanoaragonese Crown (Corona catalanoaragonesa) or Catalan-Aragonese Confederation (Confederació catalanoaragonesa) was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities or kingdoms ruled by one king, with a personal and dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy (a state with primarily maritime realms) controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now southern France, and a Mediterranean "empire" which included the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Southern Italy (from 1442) and parts of Greece (until 1388). The component realms of the Crown were not united politically except at the level of the king, who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws, raising funds under each tax structure, dealing separately with each Corts or Cortes. Put in contemporary terms, it has sometimes been considered that the different lands of the Crown of Aragon (mainly the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Valencia) functioned more as a confederation than as a single kingdom. In this sense, the larger Crown of Aragon must not be confused with one of its constituent parts, the Kingdom of Aragon, from which it takes its name. In 1469, a new dynastic familial union of the Crown of Aragon with the Crown of Castile by the Catholic Monarchs, joining what contemporaries referred to as "the Spains" led to what would become the Kingdom of Spain under King Philip II. The Crown existed until it was abolished by the Nueva Planta decrees issued by King Philip V in 1716 as a consequence of the defeat of Archduke Charles (as Charles III of Aragon) in the War of the Spanish Succession.

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Cutting (plant)

A plant cutting is a piece of a plant that is used in horticulture for vegetative (asexual) propagation.

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Cypriot wine

The Cypriot wine industry ranks 50th in the world in terms of total production quantity (10,302 tonnes)., and much higher on a per capita basis.

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Denominación de origen

The denominación de origen ('designation of origin')In other languages of Spain.

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Downy mildew

Downy mildew refers to any of several types of oomycete microbes that are obligate parasites of plants.

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Drôme

Drôme (Droma in Occitan, Drôma in Arpitan) is a department in southeastern France named after the Drôme River.

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Drought

A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.

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Empordà (DO)

Empordà is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) (Denominació d'Origen in Catalan) for wines produced in the northeastern corner of Catalonia, Spain in the province of Girona.

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Fermentation in winemaking

The process of fermentation in winemaking turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage.

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Ficus

Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes and hemiepiphytes in the family Moraceae.

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Fitou AOC

Fitou (Fiton) is a large French wine appellation in Languedoc-Roussillon, France.

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Fortified wine

Fortified wine is a wine to which a distilled spirit, usually brandy, is added.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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French wine

French wine is produced all throughout France, in quantities between 50 and 60 million hectolitres per year, or 7–8 billion bottles.

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Gigondas AOC

Gigondas is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in the southern Rhône wine region of France.

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Gingerbread

Gingerbread refers to a broad category of baked goods, typically flavored with ginger, cloves, nutmeg or cinnamon and sweetened with honey, sugar or molasses.

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Granite

Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture.

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Great French Wine Blight

The Great French Wine Blight was a severe blight of the mid-19th century that destroyed many of the vineyards in France and laid waste the wine industry.

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Greek wine

Greece is one of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world and among the first wine-producing territories in Europe.

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Grenache blanc

Grenache blanc (also known as garnatxa blanca in Catalonia) is a variety of white wine grape that is related to the red grape Grenache.

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Harvest (wine)

The harvesting of wine grapes (Vintage) is one of the most crucial steps in the process of wine-making.

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Hectare

The hectare (SI symbol: ha) is an SI accepted metric system unit of area equal to a square with 100 meter sides, or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land.

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Honey

Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees and some related insects.

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Horse Heaven Hills AVA

The Horse Heaven Hills AVA is an American Viticultural Area in southeastern Washington, and is part of the larger Columbia Valley AVA.

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Irrigation in viticulture

Irrigation in viticulture is the process of applying extra water in the cultivation of grapevines.

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Israeli wine

Israeli wine is produced by hundreds of wineries, ranging in size from small boutique enterprises to large companies producing over ten million bottles per year.

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Italian wine

Italy is home to some of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world, and Italian wines are known worldwide for their broad variety.

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James Busby

James Busby (7 February 1802 – 15 July 1871) is widely regarded as the "father" of the Australian wine industry, as he brought the first collection of vine stock from Spain and France to Australia.

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Jug wine

"Jug wine" is a term in the United States for inexpensive table wine (or "bulk wine") typically bottled in a glass jug.

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La Mancha (DO)

La Mancha is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines, with over 190,000 ha planted to vines, and is the largest continuous vine-growing area in the world.

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La Rioja (Spain)

La Rioja is an autonomous community and a province in Spain, located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Languedoc-Roussillon

Languedoc-Roussillon (Lengadòc-Rosselhon; Llenguadoc-Rosselló) is a former administrative region of France.

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Languedoc-Roussillon wine

Languedoc-Roussillon wine, including the vin de pays labeled Vin de Pays d'Oc, is produced in southern France.

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Leather

Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhides, mostly cattle hide.

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Leon Adams

Leon David Adams (February 1, 1905 – September 14, 1995) was an American journalist, publicist, historian and co-founder of the Wine Institute.

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Lirac AOC

Lirac is a wine-growing Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in the department of Gard situated in the low hills along the right bank of the Rhône river in the southern Rhône wine region of France.

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List of grape diseases

This is a list of diseases of grapes (Vitis spp.).

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List of grape varieties

This list of grape varieties includes cultivated grapes, whether used for wine, or eating as a table grape, fresh or dried (raisin, currant, sultana).

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List of vineyard soil types

The soil composition of vineyards is one of the most important viticultural considerations when planting grape vines.

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Litre

The litre (SI spelling) or liter (American spelling) (symbols L or l, sometimes abbreviated ltr) is an SI accepted metric system unit of volume equal to 1 cubic decimetre (dm3), 1,000 cubic centimetres (cm3) or 1/1,000 cubic metre. A cubic decimetre (or litre) occupies a volume of 10 cm×10 cm×10 cm (see figure) and is thus equal to one-thousandth of a cubic metre. The original French metric system used the litre as a base unit. The word litre is derived from an older French unit, the litron, whose name came from Greek — where it was a unit of weight, not volume — via Latin, and which equalled approximately 0.831 litres. The litre was also used in several subsequent versions of the metric system and is accepted for use with the SI,, p. 124. ("Days" and "hours" are examples of other non-SI units that SI accepts.) although not an SI unit — the SI unit of volume is the cubic metre (m3). The spelling used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures is "litre", a spelling which is shared by almost all English-speaking countries. The spelling "liter" is predominantly used in American English. One litre of liquid water has a mass of almost exactly one kilogram, because the kilogram was originally defined in 1795 as the mass of one cubic decimetre of water at the temperature of melting ice. Subsequent redefinitions of the metre and kilogram mean that this relationship is no longer exact.

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Maceration (wine)

Maceration is the winemaking process where the phenolic materials of the grape—tannins, coloring agents (anthocyanins) and flavor compounds—are leached from the grape skins, seeds and stems into the must.

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Maderisation

Maderisation (also maderization) is a process that involves the heating and oxidization of a wine.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.

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Marselan

Marselan is a red French wine grape variety that is a cross between Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache.

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Maury AOC

Maury is an Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) for fortified vin doux naturel wines made in the Roussillon wine region of France.

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Méntrida (wine)

Méntrida is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines covering many municipalities in the northeast corner of the province of Toledo (Castile-La Mancha, Spain) and which is divided into three distinct areas: Talavera, Torrijos and Sagra-Toledo, with over under vines, the majority (71%) being in Torrijos.

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McLaren Vale

McLaren Vale is Australia's premium food and wine region centred at the town of McLaren Vale approximately 43 km south of Adelaide in South Australia.

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Mechanised agriculture

Mechanised agriculture is the process of using agricultural machinery to mechanise the work of agriculture, greatly increasing farm worker productivity.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Mendocino County wine

The Mendocino County wine is an appellation that designates wine made from grapes grown mostly in Mendocino County, California.

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Merlot

Merlot is a dark blue-colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines.

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Mexican wine

Mexican wine and wine making began with the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, when they brought vines from Europe to modern day Mexico, the oldest wine-growing region in the Americas.

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Minervois AOC

Minervois is an AOC in the Languedoc-Roussillon wine region.

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Mistral (wind)

The mistral (Mestral, Μαΐστρος, Maestrale, Corsican: Maestral) is a strong, cold, northwesterly wind that blows from southern France into the Gulf of Lion in the northern Mediterranean, with sustained winds often exceeding, sometimes reaching.

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Morocco

Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.

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Mourvèdre

Mourvèdre (also known as Mataró or Monastrell) is a red wine grape variety that is grown in many regions around the world including the Rhône and Provence regions of France, the Valencia and Jumilla denominaciones de origen of Spain, California and Washington State and the Australian regions of South Australia and New South Wales, as well as South Africa.

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Navarra (DO)

Navarra is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines that extends over practically the entire southern half of the autonomous community of Navarre (Spanish Navarra, Basque Nafarroa).

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New World wine

New World wines are those wines produced outside the traditional wine-growing areas of Europe and the Middle East, in particular from Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States.

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Nut (fruit)

A nut is a fruit composed of an inedible hard shell and a seed, which is generally edible.

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Oak (wine)

Oak is used in winemaking to vary the color, flavor, tannin profile and texture of wine.

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Old vine

Old vine (vieilles vignes, alte Reben), a common description on wine labels, indicates that a wine is the product of grape vines that are notably old.

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Olive

The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands and Réunion.

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Penedès

Penedès is a natural and historical region of the autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.

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Penfolds

Penfolds is an Australian wine producer that was founded in Adelaide in 1844 by Christopher Rawson Penfold, an English physician who emigrated to Australia, and his wife Mary Penfold.

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Perpignan

Perpignan (Perpinyà) is a city, a commune, and the capital of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

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Phenolic content in wine

The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.

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Pierre Galet

Pierre Galet (born January 28, 1921) is a French ampelographer and author who was an influential figure within ampelography in the 20th century and before DNA typing was widely introduced.

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Plant breeding

Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics.

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Plant nursery

A nursery is a place where plants are propagated and grown to usable size.

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Port wine

Port wine (also known as vinho do Porto,, Porto, and usually simply port) is a Portuguese fortified wine produced exclusively in the Douro Valley in the northern provinces of Portugal.

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Pressing (wine)

Pressing in winemaking is the process where the juice is extracted from the grapes with the aid of a wine press, by hand, or even by the weight of the grape berries and clusters.

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Priorat

Priorat is a comarca (county) in Catalonia, Spain.

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Priorat (DOQ)

Priorat is a Spanish Denominació d'Origen Qualificada (DOQ) for wines produced in the Priorat county in the province of Tarragona to the south-west of Catalonia.

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Procyanidin

Procyanidins are members of the proanthocyanidin (or condensed tannins) class of flavonoids.

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Propagation of grapevines

The propagation of grapevines is an important consideration in commercial viticulture and winemaking.

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Provence wine

Provence (Provençal) wine comes from the French wine-producing region of Provence in southeast France.

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Prunus serotina

Prunus serotina, commonly called black cherry, wild black cherry, rum cherry, or mountain black cherry, is a deciduous woody plant species belonging to the genus Prunus.

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Pyrenees

The Pyrenees (Pirineos, Pyrénées, Pirineus, Pirineus, Pirenèus, Pirinioak) is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between Spain and France.

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Racking

Racking, often referred to as Soutirage or Soutirage traditionnel (meaning racking in French), also filtering or fining, is a method in wine production of moving wine from one barrel to another using gravity rather than a pump, which can be disruptive to a wine.

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Raisin

A raisin is a dried grape.

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Raspberry

The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus; the name also applies to these plants themselves.

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Redox

Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.

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Rhône

The Rhône (Le Rhône; Rhone; Walliser German: Rotten; Rodano; Rôno; Ròse) is one of the major rivers of Europe and has twice the average discharge of the Loire (which is the longest French river), rising in the Rhône Glacier in the Swiss Alps at the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais, passing through Lake Geneva and running through southeastern France.

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Rhône wine

The Rhône wine region in Southern France is situated in the Rhône valley and produces numerous wines under various Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) designations.

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Rhone Rangers

The Rhone Rangers are a group of American winemakers who promote the use of grape varieties from the Rhône Valley.

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Rioja (wine)

Rioja is a wine region in Spain, with Denominación de Origen Calificada (D.O.Ca., "Qualified Designation of Origin").

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Ripeness in viticulture

In viticulture, ripeness is the completion of the ripening process of wine grapes on the vine which signals the beginning of harvest.

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Riverland

The Riverland is a region of South Australia.

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Rootstock

A rootstock is part of a plant, often an underground part, from which new above-ground growth can be produced.

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Rosé

A rosé (from French rosé; also known as rosado in Portuguese and Spanish-speaking countries and rosato in Italy) is a type of wine that incorporates some of the color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine.

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Roussillon

Roussillon (or;; Rosselló, Occitan: Rosselhon) is one of the historical counties of the former Principality of Catalonia, corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees).

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Royal Spanish Academy

The Royal Spanish Academy (Spanish: Real Academia Española, generally abbreviated as RAE) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language.

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San Joaquin Valley

The San Joaquin Valley is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies south of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the San Joaquin River.

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Sardinia

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Sémillon

Sémillon is a golden-skinned grape used to make dry and sweet white wines, mostly in France and Australia.

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Schist

Schist (pronounced) is a medium-grade metamorphic rock with medium to large, flat, sheet-like grains in a preferred orientation (nearby grains are roughly parallel).

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Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia; Sicìlia) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Somontano

Somontano is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines, created in 1984, and located in the county of the same name, in the province of Huesca, (Aragon, Spain).

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South African wine

South African wine has a history dating back to 1659, with the first bottle produced in Cape Town by its founder Jan van Riebeeck.

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South Australian wine

The South Australian wine industry is responsible for more than half the production of all Australian wine.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spanish wine

Spanish wines are wines produced in Spain.

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Spanish wine regions

The mainstream quality wine regions in Spain are referred to as Denominaciones de Origen (similar to the French Appellations) and the wine they produce is regulated for quality according to specific laws.

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Spice

A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food.

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Strawberry

The garden strawberry (or simply strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa) is a widely grown hybrid species of the genus Fragaria, collectively known as the strawberries.

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Sugars in wine

Sugars in wine are at the heart of what makes winemaking possible.

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Synonym

A synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word or phrase in the same language.

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Syrah

Syrah, also known as Shiraz, is a dark-skinned grape variety grown throughout the world and used primarily to produce red wine.

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Tar

Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation.

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Tarragona (DO)

Tarragona is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) (Denominació d’Origen in Catalan) for wines located in the province of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) and covers three distinct areas: the Camp de Tarragona, a part of the Priorat comarca (district) and a part of the Ribera d'Ebre comarca (district).

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Tavel AOC

Tavel is a wine-growing Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée in the southern Rhône wine region of France, across the Rhône River from Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC and just north of Avignon.

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Teinturier

Teinturier (French: to dye or to stain) is a wine term applied to grapes whose flesh and juice is red in colour due to anthocyanin pigments accumulating within the pulp of the grape berry itself.

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Tempranillo

Tempranillo (also known as Ull de Llebre, Cencibel, and Tinta del Pais in Spain, Aragonez or Tinta Roriz in Portugal, and several other synonyms elsewhere) is a black grape variety widely grown to make full-bodied red wines in its native Spain.

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Terra Alta (DO)

Terra Alta is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO) (Denominació d’Origen in Catalan) for wines located in the west of the province of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain) and covers 12 inland municipalities.

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Ton

The ton is a unit of measure.

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Trebbiano

Trebbiano is an Italian wine grape, one of the most widely planted grape varieties in the world.

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Uruguayan wine

Uruguay is the fourth-largest producer of wine in South America, with a production of 67,000 tonnes and of vineyards in 2012.

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Vacqueyras AOC

Vacqueyras is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) in the southern Rhône wine region of France, along the banks of the River Ouvèze.

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Varietal

A varietal wine is a wine made primarily from a single named grape variety, and which typically displays the name of that variety on the wine label.

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Vine training

The use of vine training systems in viticulture is aimed primarily to assist in canopy management with finding the balance in enough foliage to facilitate photosynthesis without excessive shading that could impede grape ripening or promote grape diseases.

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Vinos de Madrid

Vinos de Madrid is a Spanish Denominación de Origen (DO), located in the southern part of the region of Madrid (Spain).

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Vitis vinifera

Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran.

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Washington wine

Washington wine is wine produced from grape varieties grown in the U.S. state of Washington.

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Water scarcity

Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet water demand.

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White Zinfandel

White Zinfandel, often abbreviated as White Zin, is a dry to sweet, pink-colored rosé.

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Wine color

The color of wine is one of the most easily recognizable characteristics of wines.

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Wine tasting descriptors

The use of wine tasting descriptors allows the taster to qualitatively relate the aromas and flavors that the taster experiences and can be used in assessing the overall quality of wine.

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Yakima Valley AVA

The Yakima Valley AVA was the first American Viticultural Area established within Washington State, gaining the recognition in 1983.

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Yield (wine)

In viticulture, the yield is a measure of the amount of grapes or wine that is produced per unit surface of vineyard, and is therefore a type of crop yield.

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Abundante, Aleante, Aleante Poggiarelli, Aleantedi, Aleantedi Rivalto, Alicant Blau, Alicante Grenache, Aragonais, Aragonese Grape, Bois Jaune, Cannanou, Cannonaddu, Cannonadu, Cannonadu Nieddu, Cannonau, Cannonau Selvaggio, Canonazo, Carignan Rosso, Carignane Rosso, Carignane Rousse, Elegante, Garnaccho, Garnaccho Negro, Garnacha (grape), Garnacha Comun, Garnacha Negra, Garnacha Peluda, Garnacha Roja, Garnacha Tinta, Garnacha tinta, Garnacho, Garnatca, Garnatca Peluda, Garnatxa, Garnatxa Negra, Garnatxa Pais, Garnatxa Pelud, Gironet, Granaccia, Granacha, Granaxa, Grenacha tinta, Grenache Gris, Grenache Noir, Grenache Rouge, Grenache gris, Grenache noir, Kek Grenache, Lladoner, Lladoner Gris, Lladoner Pelud, Lledoner Pelut, Mencida, Navaro, Navarre de la Dordogne, Negru Calvese, Ranconnat, Redondal, Retagliadu Nieddu, Rousillon Tinto, Roussillon Tinto, Rouvaillard, Santa Maria de Alcantara, Tentillo, Tinta Mencida, Tintella, Tintilla, Tintilo de Rota, Tintilo de rota, Tinto Aragones, Tinto Menudo, Tinto Navalcarnero, Tocai Rosso, Toledana, Uva di Spagna, Uva di spagna, Vernaccia nera.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenache

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