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Uzbekistan

Index Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially also the Republic of Uzbekistan (Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi), is a doubly landlocked Central Asian Sovereign state. [1]

424 relations: Abdulla Aripov, Achaemenid Empire, AFC Champions League, AFC Cup, Afghanistan, Afghanistan–Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge, Agriculture, Agriculture in Uzbekistan, Akgul Amanmuradova, Alexander Shatilov, Alexander the Great, Ali-Shir Nava'i, AlterNet, Amnesty, Amnesty International, Amu Darya, Anatolia, Andijan, Andijan Region, Anglo-Russian Convention, Arab Spring, Aral Sea, Arbitrary arrest and detention, Armenians in Central Asia, Artistic gymnastics, Artur Taymazov, Association football, Astronaut, Astronomy, Autonomous republic, Ayran, Azerbaijan, Bactria, Baseball, Basketball, BBC News, Black tea, Bolsheviks, Buddhism, Bukhara, Bukhara Region, Bukharan Jews, Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, Burchmulla, Business Anti-Corruption Portal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Carrot, Caucasus, Central Asia, Central Asian Union, ..., Chagatai Khan, Chagatai Khanate, Chagatai language, Chess, China National Petroleum Corporation, Chorba, Chust, Uzbekistan, Civil and political rights, Civil liberties, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Colour revolution, Commonwealth of Independent States, Constitution, Constitution of Uzbekistan, Constitutional republic, Corruption Perceptions Index, Cotton, Council of the European Union, Crimean Tatars, Daewoo, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Demographics of Uzbekistan, Denis Istomin, Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union, Destruction under the Mongol Empire, Dimlama, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Districts of Uzbekistan, Djamolidine Abdoujaparov, Dough, Duke University Press, Dushanbe, Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Orthodox Church, Economic Cooperation Organization, Economist Intelligence Unit, Economy of Uzbekistan, Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emirate of Bukhara, Endorheic basin, Energy in Uzbekistan, Environmental Justice Foundation, Eurasian Economic Community, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, European Union, Fergana, Fergana Region, Fertilizer, Forbes, Free economic zone, Freedom House, Freedom of assembly, Fundamentalism, Futsal, Gazprom, Göktürks, Genghis Khan, Genocidal massacre, Georgia (country), Gissar Range, GM Korea, Golden Horde, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Greeks in Uzbekistan, Green jersey, Green tea, Greenwood Publishing Group, GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Guliston, Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Handball, Hasanboy Dusmatov, Heavy metals, Hephthalite Empire, History of slavery, History of Uzbekistan, Human rights, Human rights in Uzbekistan, Human Rights Watch, Human spaceflight, Hydroelectricity, Import substitution industrialization, Independent city, Index of Uzbekistan-related articles, Inflation, Information warfare, Inha University in Tashkent, International Boxing Association (amateur), International Crisis Group, International Futures, International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, International Monetary Fund, Internet censorship, Iran, Iranian languages, Islam, Islam Karimov, Islamic fundamentalism, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Israel, Isuzu Motors, Jews, Jizzakh, Jizzakh Region, Joshpara, Judo, Kara-Khanid Khanate, Karakalpak language, Karakalpaks, Karakalpakstan, Karluk languages, Karshi-Khanabad Air Base, Kazakh language, Kazakhs, Kazakhstan, Kebab, Khanate, Khanate of Bukhara, Khanate of Khiva, Khanate of Kokand, Khazret Sultan, Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library, Khwarazmian dynasty, Khwarezm, Kingdom of Fergana, Kitob District, Konye-Urgench, Korea National Oil Corporation, Koryo-saram, Kosonsoy, Kurash, Kushan Empire, Kyrgyzstan, Kyzylkum Desert, Laghman (food), Lamb and mutton, Landlocked country, Latin alphabet, Legal Aid Society, Legislative Chamber of Uzbekistan, Library of Congress, Liechtenstein, List of Uzbeks, Literacy, Lokomotiv Tashkent FK, Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva, Lukoil, Management Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent, Manfred Nowak, Manti (food), Margiana, Market basket, Market economy, Médecins Sans Frontières, Meat, Meskhetian Turks, Mesopotamia, Michael Kolganov, Ming dynasty, Mode (music), Moldova, Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia, Mongol Empire, Mongol invasion of Central Asia, Mongols, Moscow State University, Mugham, Muqam, Muslim, Namangan, Namangan Region, Naryn (dish), Nastaʿlīq script, Natural gas, Navoiy, Navoiy Region, Nazi Germany, New class, Non-denominational Muslim, Non-governmental organization, Nukus, October Revolution, Odil Ahmedov, Okhangaron District, Oksana Chusovitina, Ombudsman, Onion, Optics, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Ostlegionen, Outline of Uzbekistan, Pakhtakor Tashkent FK, Pakistan, Parthian Empire, Partnership for Peace, Peloton, Persian language, Persian traditional music, Pesticide, Petronas, Pew Research Center, Pilaf, Pogrom, Politics of Uzbekistan, Population transfer in the Soviet Union, Precipitation, Presidencies and provinces of British India, President of Uzbekistan, Presidential system, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, Province, Public domain, Public holidays in Uzbekistan, Purchasing power parity, Qara Khitai, Qarshi, Qashqadaryo Region, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Rapid transit, Ravshan Irmatov, Red Army, Reform movement, RENFE Class 130, Reporters Without Borders, Republic, Rice, Rishton, Uzbekistan, Ruslan Chagaev, Russia, Russian conquest of Central Asia, Russian Empire, Russian Far East, Russian language, Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Turkestan, Russians, Russians in Uzbekistan, Rustam Kasimdzhanov, Samanid Empire, Samarkand, Samarqand Region, SamKochAvto, Samsa (food), Sart, Sasanian Empire, Scythians, Secularity, Secularization, Self-censorship, Seljuq dynasty, Senate of Uzbekistan, September 11 attacks, Shahrisabz, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Shashmaqam, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Shaybanids, Shia Islam, Silk Road, Sirdaryo Region, So‘x District, Sogdia, Soil contamination, Soil salinity, Solar energy, Sovereign state, Soviet Army, Soviet Union, Soviet Union national basketball team, Soviet Union national football team, Soviet Union national ice hockey team, Soviet Union national rugby union team, State Anthem of Uzbekistan, Sufi dynasty, Sufi poetry, Sunni Islam, Supreme Assembly (Uzbekistan), Supreme Court of Uzbekistan, Surxondaryo Region, Syr Darya, Taekwondo, Tajik language, Tajikistan, Tajiks, Talgo, Tashkent, Tashkent International School, Tashkent Mechanical Plant, Tashkent Region, Tashkent Stock Exchange, Tashkent–Samarkand high-speed rail line, Tatars, Teahouse, Telecom corruption scandal, Telephone numbers in Uzbekistan, Telia Company, Temperature, Tennis, Termez, Terrorism in Uzbekistan, The Great Game, Time in Uzbekistan, Timur, Timurid dynasty, Timurid Empire, Torture, Tour de France, Tourism in Uzbekistan, Trans-Caspian railway, Transoxiana, Transport in Uzbekistan, Travel visa, Trigonometry, Turan, Turkestan Military District, Turkey, Turkic languages, Turkic peoples, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Ukrainians, Ulugh Beg, UNESCO, Unitary state, United Nations, United Nations Security Council Resolution 737, United States Central Command, United States Department of State, University of Turin, Urgench, Uyghur language, Uz-DaewooAuto, Uzbek alphabet, Uzbek language, Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, Uzbekistan and the World Bank, Uzbekistan Footballer of the Year, Uzbekistan national basketball team, Uzbekistan national football team, Uzbekistan national futsal team, Uzbekistan national rugby union team, Uzbekistan Super League, Uzbekistani soʻm, Uzbekneftegaz, Uzbeks, Uzdunrobita, Val Barker Trophy, Vladimir Dzhanibekov, Volga Germans, Vozrozhdeniya Island, Westminster International University in Tashkent, Wilayah, Women in Uzbekistan, World Organisation Against Torture, World War II, Xinjiang, Xorazm Region, Yuezhi, .uz, 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, 2000 Summer Olympics, 2004 Summer Olympics, 2005 Andijan Unrest, 2008 Summer Olympics, 2009 US Open (tennis), 2011 AFC Cup, 2012 Summer Olympics, 2016 Summer Olympics, 37th parallel north, 46th parallel north, 56th meridian east, 74th meridian east. Expand index (374 more) »

Abdulla Aripov

Abdulla Nigmatovich Aripov (Abdulla Nigʻmatovich Oripov, Абдулла Нигматович Арипов; born 24 May 1961 in Tashkent) is the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, in office since 14 December 2016.

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Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire, also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great.

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AFC Champions League

The AFC Champions League, commonly known as the Asian Champions League, is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

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AFC Cup

The AFC Cup is an annual International association football competition between domestic clubs run by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Afghanistan–Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge

The Afghanistan–Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge is a road and rail bridge across the river Amu Darya, connecting the town of Hairatan in the northern Balkh province of Afghanistan with Termez in Uzbekistan.

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Agriculture

Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.

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Agriculture in Uzbekistan

Agriculture in Uzbekistan employs 28% of the country's labor force and contributes 24% of its GDP (2006 data).

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Akgul Amanmuradova

Akgul Charievna Amanmuradova (Оқгул Омонмуродова; born June 23, 1984) is a professional tennis player from Uzbekistan.

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Alexander Shatilov

Alexander "Alex" Shatilov (אלכסנדר "אלכס" שטילוב, Александр Шатилов; born March 22, 1987) is an Israeli artistic gymnast.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

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Ali-Shir Nava'i

Mīr 'Alisher Navaiy (9 February 1441 – 3 January 1501), also known as Nizām-al-Din ʿAlisher Herawī (Chagatai-Turkic/نظام‌الدین علی‌شیر نوایی) was a Chagatai Turkic poet, writer, politician, linguist, mystic, and painter.

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AlterNet

AlterNet is a progressive news magazine owned by AlterNet Media, Inc.

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Amnesty

Amnesty (from the Greek ἀμνηστία amnestia, "forgetfulness, passing over") is defined as: "A pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power officially forgiving certain classes of people who are subject to trial but have not yet been convicted." It includes more than pardon, inasmuch as it obliterates all legal remembrance of the offense.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Amu Darya

The Amu Darya, also called the Amu or Amo River, and historically known by its Latin name Oxus, is a major river in Central Asia.

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Anatolia

Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.

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Andijan

Andijan (sometimes spelled Andizhan in English) (Andijon / Андижон / ئەندىجان; اندیجان, Andijân/Andīǰān; Андижан, Andižan) is a city in Uzbekistan.

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Andijan Region

Andijan Region (Uzbek: Andijon viloyati/Андижон вилояти, ئەندىجان ۋىلايەتى) is a region of Uzbekistan, located in the eastern part of the Fergana Valley in far eastern Uzbekistan.

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Anglo-Russian Convention

The Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907 or the Convention between the United Kingdom and Russia relating to Persia, Afghanistan, and Tibet.

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Arab Spring

The Arab Spring (الربيع العربي ar-Rabīʻ al-ʻArabī), also referred to as Arab Revolutions (الثورات العربية aṯ-'awrāt al-ʻarabiyyah), was a revolutionary wave of both violent and non-violent demonstrations, protests, riots, coups, foreign interventions, and civil wars in North Africa and the Middle East that began on 18 December 2010 in Tunisia with the Tunisian Revolution.

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Aral Sea

The Aral Sea was an endorheic lake (one with no outflow) lying between Kazakhstan (Aktobe and Kyzylorda Regions) in the north and Uzbekistan (Karakalpakstan autonomous region) in the south.

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Arbitrary arrest and detention

Arbitrary arrest and arbitrary detention are the arrest or detention of an individual in a case in which there is no likelihood or evidence that they committed a crime against legal statute, or in which there has been no proper due process of law.

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Armenians in Central Asia

Armenians in Central Asian states: Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, were mainly settled there during the Soviet era for various reasons.

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Artistic gymnastics

Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines (ranging from approximately 30 to 90 seconds) on different apparatuses, with less time for vaulting.

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Artur Taymazov

Artur Taymazov (Таймазты Барисы фырт Артур; Артур Борисович Таймазов; born 20 July 1979) is an Ossetian-Uzbek-Russian wrestler and politician.

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Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

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Astronaut

An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.

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Astronomy

Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.

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Autonomous republic

An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province or state.

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Ayran

Ayran (from ayran, ayran, دوغ "doogh", dew) is a cold savory yogurt-based beverage that is mixed with salt.

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Azerbaijan

No description.

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Bactria

Bactria or Bactriana was the name of a historical region in Central Asia.

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Baseball

Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two opposing teams who take turns batting and fielding.

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Basketball

Basketball is a team sport played on a rectangular court.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Black tea

Black tea is a type of tea that is more oxidized than oolong, green, and white teas.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Bukhara

Bukhara (Uzbek Latin: Buxoro; Uzbek Cyrillic: Бухоро) is a city in Uzbekistan.

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Bukhara Region

Bukhara Region (Buxoro Region) (Buxoro viloyati/Бухоро вилояти, بۇحارا ۋىلايەتى) is a region of Uzbekistan located in the southwest of the country.

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Bukharan Jews

Bukharan Jews, also Bukharian Jews or Bukhari Jews (Бухарские евреи Bukharskie evrei; בוכרים Bukharim; Tajik and Bukhori Cyrillic: яҳудиёни бухороӣ Yahudiyoni bukhoroī (Bukharan Jews) or яҳудиёни Бухоро Yahudiyoni Bukhoro (Jews of Bukhara), Bukhori Hebrew Script: and), are Jews of the Mizrahi branch from Central Asia who historically spoke Bukhori, a Tajik dialect of the Persian language.

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Bukharan People's Soviet Republic

The Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (Buxoro Xalq Shoʻro Jumhuriyati; Ҷумҳурии Халқии Шӯравии Бухоро; r) was a short-lived Soviet state that governed the former Emirate of Bukhara during the years immediately following the Russian Revolution.

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Burchmulla

Burchmulla (also spelled Brichmulla and Brich-Mulla, Russian: Брич-Мулла́) is a village in the northeast of Tashkent Province, Uzbekistan, by the Koksu River near its inflow into the Charvak Reservoir by the southwestern extremity of the Koksu Ridge, west Tian Shan.

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Business Anti-Corruption Portal

The Business Anti-Corruption Portal (BACP) is a one-stop shop for business anti-corruption information offering tools on how to mitigate risks and costs of corruption when doing business abroad.

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Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.

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Carrot

The carrot (Daucus carota subsp. sativus) is a root vegetable, usually orange in colour, though purple, black, red, white, and yellow cultivars exist.

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Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region located at the border of Europe and Asia, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea and occupied by Russia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

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Central Asia

Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.

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Central Asian Union

The Central Asian Union (CAU), later called the Central Asian Economic Union, was an intergovernmental organisation for economic integration between the Central Asian post-Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan between 1994 and 2004.

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Chagatai Khan

Chagatai Khan (Цагадай, Tsagadai; 察合台, Chágětái; Çağatay; جغتای, Joghatai; 22 December 1183 – 1 July 1242) was the second son of Genghis Khan.

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Chagatai Khanate

The Chagatai Khanate (Mongolian: Tsagadaina Khaanat Ulus/Цагаадайн Хаант Улс) was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors.

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Chagatai language

Chagatai (جغتای) is an extinct Turkic language which was once widely spoken in Central Asia, and remained the shared literary language there until the early 20th century.

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Chess

Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid.

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China National Petroleum Corporation

The China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)A common shortname for the corporation in Chinese, Zhongguo Shiyou (中国石油), formerly shared the same name as the Chinese Petroleum Corporation, the Republic of China (Taiwan)'s state-owned fuel corporation.

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Chorba

Chorba is one of various kinds of soup or stew found in national cuisines across the Balkans, North Africa, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.

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Chust, Uzbekistan

Chust (Chust/Чуст; Чуст; Чуст) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan.

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Civil and political rights

Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.

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Civil liberties

Civil liberties or personal freedoms are personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation, without due process.

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Collective Security Treaty Organization

The Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO; Организация Договора о Коллективной Безопасности, Organizacija Dogovora o Kollektivnoj Bezopasnosti, ODKB) is an intergovernmental military alliance that was signed on 15 May 1992.

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Colour revolution

Map of colour revolutions from 2000 to 2005. Colour revolution (sometimes called the coloured revolution) is a term that was widely used by worldwide media to describe various related movements that developed in several countries of the former Soviet Union and the Balkans during the early 2000s.

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Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; r), also nicknamed the Russian Commonwealth (in order to distinguish it from the Commonwealth of Nations), is a political and economic intergovernmental organization of nine member states and one associate member, all of which are former Soviet Republics located in Eurasia (primarily in Central to North Asia), formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Constitution

A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

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Constitution of Uzbekistan

The Constitution of Uzbekistan was adopted on 8 December 1992 on the 11th session of the Supreme Council of Uzbekistan.

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Constitutional republic

A Constitutional republic is a republic that operates under a system of separation of powers, where both the chief executive and members of the legislature are elected by the citizens and must govern within an existing written constitution.

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Corruption Perceptions Index

Transparency International (TI) has published the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) since 1995, annually ranking countries "by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys." The CPI generally defines corruption as "the misuse of public power for private benefit".

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Cotton

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

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Council of the European Union

The Council of the European Union, referred to in the treaties and other official documents simply as the Council is the third of the seven Institutions of the European Union (EU) as listed in the Treaty on European Union.

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Crimean Tatars

Crimean Tatars or Crimeans (Crimean Tatar: Qırımtatarlar, qırımlar, Kırım Tatarları, Крымские Татары, крымцы, Кримськi Татари, кримцi) are a Turkic ethnic group that formed in the Crimean Peninsula during the 13th–17th centuries, primarily from the Turkic tribes that moved to the land now known as Crimea in Eastern Europe from the Asian steppes beginning in the 10th century, with contributions from the pre-Cuman population of Crimea.

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Daewoo

Daewoo (literally "Great Woo", after the first name of founder and chairman Kim Woo-jung) or the Daewoo Group was a major South Korean conglomerate and car manufacturer.

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Defense Threat Reduction Agency

The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) is an agency within the United States Department of Defense (DoD) and is the official Combat Support Agency for countering weapons of mass destruction (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high explosives).

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Demographics of Uzbekistan

The demographics of Uzbekistan are the demographic features of the population of Uzbekistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

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Denis Istomin

Denis Olegovich Istomin (born 7 September 1986, Orenburg, Russian SFSR) is an Uzbekistani professional tennis player of Russian descent.

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Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union

Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union, originally conceived in 1926, initiated in 1930, and carried through in 1937, was the first mass transfer of an entire nationality in the Soviet Union.

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Destruction under the Mongol Empire

The death and destruction during the 13th century Mongol conquests have been widely noted in both the scholarly literature and popular memory.

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Dimlama

Dimlama or Dymdama is an turkic stew made with various combinations of meat, potatoes, onions, vegetables, and sometimes fruits.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Districts of Uzbekistan

The regions of Uzbekistan are divided into districts (tuman).

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Djamolidine Abdoujaparov

Djamolidine Mirgarifanovich Abdoujaparov (Jamoliddin Mirgarifanovich Abdujaparov, Жамолиддин Миргарифанович Абдужапаров; Джамолиди́н Миргарифанович Абдужапа́ров, born 28 February 1964) is a former professional road racing cyclist from Uzbekistan.

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Dough

Dough is a thick, malleable, sometimes elastic, paste made out of any grains, leguminous or chestnut crops.

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Duke University Press

Duke University Press is an academic publisher of books and journals, and a unit of Duke University.

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Dushanbe

Dushanbe (Душанбе) is the capital and largest city of Tajikistan.

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Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.

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Economic Cooperation Organization

The Economic Cooperation Organization or ECO is a Eurasian political and economic intergovernmental organization which was founded in 1985 in Tehran by the leaders of Iran, Pakistan and Turkey.

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Economist Intelligence Unit

The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is a British business within the Economist Group providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports.

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Economy of Uzbekistan

Since gaining independence, the has stated that it is committed to a gradual transition to a market-based economy.

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Emblem of Uzbekistan

The state emblem of Uzbekistan was adopted on July 2, 1992.

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Emirate of Bukhara

The Emirate of Bukhara (امارت بخارا; Buxoro amirligi) was a Central Asian state that existed from 1785 to 1920, which is now modern-day Uzbekistan.

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Endorheic basin

An endorheic basin (also endoreic basin or endorreic basin) (from the ἔνδον, éndon, "within" and ῥεῖν, rheîn, "to flow") is a limited drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps, permanent or seasonal, that equilibrate through evaporation.

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Energy in Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan had a total primary energy supply (TPES) of 48.28 Mtoe in 2012.

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Environmental Justice Foundation

The Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) founded in 2001 by Steve Trent and Juliette Williams that promotes the non-violent resolution of human rights abuses and related environmental issues in the Global South.

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Eurasian Economic Community

The Eurasian Economic Community (EAEC or EurAsEC) was a regional organisation between 2000 and 2014 which aimed for the economic integration of its member states.

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Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

The Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC), a post-Cold War NATO institution, is a multilateral forum created to improve relations between NATO and non-NATO countries in Europe and those parts of Asia on the European periphery.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Fergana

Fergana (Fargʻona/Фарғона, فەرغانە; Фарғона, Farğona/Farƣona; فرغانه Farġāna/Farqâna; Фергана́), or Ferghana, is the capital of Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan.

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Fergana Region

Fergana Region (Farg‘ona viloyati, Ферганская область) is one of the regions of Uzbekistan, located in the southern part of the Fergana Valley in the far east of the country.

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Fertilizer

A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

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Forbes

Forbes is an American business magazine.

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Free economic zone

Free economic zones (FEZ), free economic territories (FETs) or free zones (FZ) are a class of special economic zone (SEZ) designated by the trade and commerce administrations of various countries.

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Freedom House

Freedom House is a U.S.-based 501(c)(3) U.S. government-funded non-governmental organization (NGO) that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom, and human rights.

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Freedom of assembly

Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.

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Fundamentalism

Fundamentalism usually has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs.

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Futsal

Futsal is a variant of association football played on a hard court, smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors.

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Gazprom

Public Joint Stock Company Gazprom (Публи́чное акционе́рное о́бщество «Газпром», Publichnoe Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo Gazprom, abbreviated PAO Gazprom, ПАО «Газпром») is a large Russian company founded in 1989, which carries on the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of natural gas.

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Göktürks

The Göktürks, Celestial Turks, Blue Turks or Kok Turks (Old Turkic: 𐰜𐰇𐰛:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰, Kök Türük;, Middle Chinese: *duət̚-kʉɐt̚, Тўҗүә; Khotanese Saka: Ttūrka, Ttrūka; Old Tibetan: Drugu), were a nomadic confederation of Turkic peoples in medieval Inner Asia.

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Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan or Temüjin Borjigin (Чингис хаан, Çingis hán) (also transliterated as Chinggis Khaan; born Temüjin, c. 1162 August 18, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.

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Genocidal massacre

The term genocidal massacre was introduced by Leo Kuper (1908–1994) to describe incidents with a genocidal component but which are committed on a smaller scale when compared to genocides such as the Rwandan Genocide.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Gissar Range

Gissar Range (Гиссарский хребет; Қаторкӯҳи Ҳисор, Qatorköhi Hisor; Hisor tizmasi; also known as Hissar or Hisor Range) is a mountain range in Central Asia, in the western part of the Pamir-Alay system, stretching over 200 km in the general east-west direction across the territory of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

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GM Korea

GM Korea CompanyFormerly GM Daewoo Auto & Technology. (한국지엠주식회사,Also spelled as 한국GM주식회사.) is South Korea's third largest automobile manufacturer and a subsidiary of General Motors.

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Golden Horde

The Golden Horde (Алтан Орд, Altan Ord; Золотая Орда, Zolotaya Orda; Алтын Урда, Altın Urda) was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

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Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was – along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom – the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world, covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC.

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Greeks in Uzbekistan

There are approximately 9,000 ethnic Greeks in Uzbekistan.

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Green jersey

The green jersey is a term used in road bicycle racing and Grand Tour stage races in particular.

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Green tea

Green tea is a type of tea that is made from Camellia sinensis leaves that have not undergone the same withering and oxidation process used to make oolong teas and black teas.

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Greenwood Publishing Group

ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.

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GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development

The GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development (Организация за демократию и экономическое развитие — ГУАМ) is a regional organization of four post-Soviet states: '''G'''eorgia, '''U'''kraine, '''A'''zerbaijan, and '''M'''oldova.

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Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas

The Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (Российский государственный университет нефти и газа имени И. М. Губкина) is a university in Moscow.

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Guliston

Guliston also spelled as Gulistan (Guliston / Гулистoн; Гулистан), formerly known as Mirzachul (Russian: Мирзачуль, until 1961), is the capital of Sirdaryo Region in eastern Uzbekistan.

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Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman

Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman is well known for his contribution to Unani medicine.

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Handball

Handball (also known as team handball, fieldball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outfield players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team.

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Hasanboy Dusmatov

Hasanboy Dusmatov (born 24 June 1993) is an Uzbekistani amateur light flyweight boxer.

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Heavy metals

Heavy metals are generally defined as metals with relatively high densities, atomic weights, or atomic numbers.

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Hephthalite Empire

The Hephthalites (or Ephthalites) were a people of Central Asia who were militarily important circa 450–560.

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History of slavery

The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day.

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History of Uzbekistan

In the first millennium BC, Iranian nomads established irrigation systems along the rivers of Central Asia and built towns at Bukhara and Samarqand.

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Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.

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Human rights in Uzbekistan

Human rights in Uzbekistan have been described as "abysmal" by Human Rights Watch,https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country-chapters/uzbekistan and the country has received heavy criticism from the UK and the US for alleged arbitrary arrests, religious persecution and torture employed by the government on a regional and national level.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Human spaceflight

Human spaceflight (also referred to as crewed spaceflight or manned spaceflight) is space travel with a crew or passengers aboard the spacecraft.

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Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower.

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Import substitution industrialization

Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production.

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Independent city

An independent city or independent town is a city or town that does not form part of another general-purpose local government entity (such as a county).

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Index of Uzbekistan-related articles

Agriculture in Uzbekistan - Banking in Uzbekistan - Communications in Uzbekistan - Energy policy of Uzbekistan - Internet in Uzbekistan - List of airports in Uzbekistan - List of companies of Uzbekistan -Mining in Uzbekistan - National Bank of Uzbekistan - Oil industry in Uzbekistan - Rail transport in Uzbekistan - Tourism in Uzbekistan - Transport in Uzbekistan - Uzbekistani som - Uzbekistan Stock Exchange Uzbekistan Category:Uzbekistan-related lists.

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Inflation

In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

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Information warfare

Information warfare (IW) is a concept involving the battlespace use and management of information and communication technology (ICT) in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent.

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Inha University in Tashkent

Inha University in Tashkent or IUT (Toshkent Shahridagi Inha Universiteti in Uzbek) is a branch of Korean Inha University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

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International Boxing Association (amateur)

The International Boxing Association, originally the Association Internationale de Boxe Amateur and still referred to as the AIBA is a sport organization that sanctions amateur (Olympic-style) boxing matches and awards world and subordinate championships.

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International Crisis Group

The International Crisis Group (ICG; also simply known as the Crisis Group) is a transnational non-profit, non-governmental organization founded in 1995 that carries out field research on violent conflict and advances policies to prevent, mitigate or resolve conflict.

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International Futures

International Futures (IFs) is a global integrated assessment model designed to help in thinking strategically and systematically about key global systems (economic, demographic, education, health, environment, technology, domestic governance, infrastructure, agriculture, energy and environment) housed at the Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures.

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International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights

The International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (IHF) was a self-governing group of non-governmental organizations that act to protect human rights throughout Europe, North America and Central Asia.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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Internet censorship

Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Iranian languages

The Iranian or Iranic languages are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Islam Karimov

Islam Abduganiyevich Karimov (Islom Abdugʻaniyevich Karimov; Ислам Абдуганиевич Каримов; 30 January 1938 – 2 September 2016) was the leader of Uzbekistan and its predecessor state, the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, from 1989 until his death in 2016.

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Islamic fundamentalism

Islamic fundamentalism has been defined as a movement of Muslims who think back to earlier times and seek to return to the fundamentals of the religion and live similarly to how the prophet Muhammad and his companions lived.

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Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), Islamic State (IS) and by its Arabic language acronym Daesh (داعش dāʿish), is a Salafi jihadist terrorist organisation and former unrecognised proto-state that follows a fundamentalist, Salafi/Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Isuzu Motors

, trading as Isuzu, is a Japanese commercial vehicle and diesel engine manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jizzakh

Jizzakh (Jizzax/Жиззах, جىززﻩخ; Джизак, Dzhizak/Džizak) is a city (population 138,400 in 2004) and the center of Jizzakh Region in Uzbekistan, northeast of Samarkand.

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Jizzakh Region

Jizzakh Region (Jizzax viloyati, Жиззах вилояти, جىززﻩخ ۋىلايەتى) is one of the regions of Uzbekistan.

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Joshpara

Joshpara are dumplings popular in Central Asian and Middle Eastern cuisines.

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Judo

was created as a physical, mental and moral pedagogy in Japan, in 1882, by Jigoro Kano (嘉納治五郎).

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Kara-Khanid Khanate

The Kara-Khanid Khanate was a Turkic dynasty that ruled in Transoxania in Central Asia, ruled by a dynasty known in literature as the Karakhanids (also spelt Qarakhanids) or Ilek Khanids.

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Karakalpak language

Karakalpak is a Turkic language spoken by Karakalpaks in Karakalpakstan.

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Karakalpaks

The Karakalpaks or Qaraqalpaqs (Qaraqalpaqlar, Қарақалпақлар) are a Turkic ethic group native to Karakalpakstan in northwestern Uzbekistan.

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Karakalpakstan

Karakalpakstan (Qaraqalpaqstan / Қарақалпақстан), officially the Republic of Karakalpakstan (Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikası / Қарақалпақстан Республикасы) is an autonomous republic within Uzbekistan.

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Karluk languages

The Karluk (Qarluq) Turkic, Uzbek and/or Uyghur Turkic or Southeastern Common Turkic languages, also referred to as the Karluk languages, are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family that developed from the varieties once spoken by Karluks.

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Karshi-Khanabad Air Base

Karshi-Khanabad, better known as K2, is an air base in southeastern Uzbekistan, just east of Karshi.

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Kazakh language

Kazakh (natively italic, qazaq tili) belongs to the Kipchak branch of the Turkic languages.

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Kazakhs

The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Қазақ, Qazaq, قازاق, Qazaqtar, Қазақтар, قازاقتار; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people who mainly inhabit the southern part of Eastern Europe and the Ural mountains and northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia and Mongolia), the region also known as the Eurasian sub-continent.

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Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan,; kəzɐxˈstan), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of.

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Kebab

Kebabs (also kabobs or kababs) are various cooked meat dishes, with their origins in Middle Eastern cuisine.

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Khanate

A Khanate or Khaganate is a political entity ruled by a Khan or Khagan.

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Khanate of Bukhara

The Khanate of Bukhara (or Khanate of Bukhoro) (خانات بخارا; Buxoro Xonligi) was a Central Asian state from the second quarter of the 16th century to the late 18th century.

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Khanate of Khiva

The Khanate of Khiva (Xiva xonligi, خانات خیوه) was a Central Asian Turkic state that existed in the historical region of Khwarezm from 1511 to 1920, except for a period of Afsharid occupation by Nadir Shah between 1740 and 1746.

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Khanate of Kokand

The Khanate of Kokand (Qo‘qon Xonligi, Қўқон Хонлиги, قۇقان خانلىگى; Qoqon xandığı, قوقون حاندىعى; Xânâte Xuqand) was a Central Asian state in Fergana Valley that existed from 1709–1876 within the territory of modern Kyrgyzstan, eastern Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, and southeastern Kazakhstan.

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Khazret Sultan

Khazret Sultan (in Uzbek Hazrati Sulton choʻqqisi) is a mountain and the highest point of Uzbekistan, with an elevation of 4,643 metres (15,233 ft).

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Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library

Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library is one of the national libraries of India.

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Khwarazmian dynasty

The Khwarazmian dynasty (also known as the Khwarezmid dynasty, the Anushtegin dynasty, the dynasty of Khwarazm Shahs, and other spelling variants; from ("Kings of Khwarezmia") was a PersianateC. E. Bosworth:. In Encyclopaedia Iranica, online ed., 2009: "Little specific is known about the internal functioning of the Khwarazmian state, but its bureaucracy, directed as it was by Persian officials, must have followed the Saljuq model. This is the impression gained from the various Khwarazmian chancery and financial documents preserved in the collections of enšāʾdocuments and epistles from this period. The authors of at least three of these collections—Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ (d. 1182-83 or 1187-88), with his two collections of rasāʾel, and Bahāʾ-al-Din Baḡdādi, compiler of the important Ketāb al-tawaṣṣol elā al-tarassol—were heads of the Khwarazmian chancery. The Khwarazmshahs had viziers as their chief executives, on the traditional pattern, and only as the dynasty approached its end did ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad in ca. 615/1218 divide up the office amongst six commissioners (wakildārs; see Kafesoğlu, pp. 5-8, 17; Horst, pp. 10-12, 25, and passim). Nor is much specifically known of court life in Gorgānj under the Khwarazmshahs, but they had, like other rulers of their age, their court eulogists, and as well as being a noted stylist, Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ also had a considerable reputation as a poet in Persian." Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin. The dynasty ruled large parts of Central Asia and Iran during the High Middle Ages, in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and Qara-Khitan, and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia in the 13th century. The dynasty was founded by commander Anush Tigin Gharchai, a former Turkish slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed as governor of Khwarezm. His son, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I, became the first hereditary Shah of Khwarezm.Encyclopædia Britannica, "Khwarezm-Shah-Dynasty",.

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Khwarezm

Khwarezm, or Chorasmia (خوارزم, Xvârazm) is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum desert, on the south by the Karakum desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau.

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Kingdom of Fergana

The Kingdom of Fergana describes a former state which existed probably between the 3rd century BC and 6th century AD in what is now the Ferghana Valley of eastern Uzbekistan.

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Kitob District

Kitob District (Uzbek: Kitob tumani) is a district of Qashqadaryo Region in Uzbekistan.

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Konye-Urgench

Konye-Urgench (Köneürgenç; Куня Ургенч, Kunya Urgench – from Persian: Kuhna Gurgānj کهنه گرگانج) – Old Gurgānj also known as Kunya-Urgench, Old Urgench or Urganj, is a municipality of about 30,000 inhabitants in north Turkmenistan, just south from its border with Uzbekistan.

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Korea National Oil Corporation

Korea National Oil Corporation (KNOC) is the national oil and gas company of South Korea and one of the most important industrial companies in the country.

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Koryo-saram

Koryo-saram (Корё сарам; 고려사람) or Koryoin (고려인) is the name which ethnic Koreans in the post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves.

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Kosonsoy

Kosonsoy also spelled as Kasansay (Kosonsoy / Косонсой; Косонсой; Касансай) or simply, Kasan, (ancient Kathan) is a town in Uzbekistan.

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Kurash

Kurash (kuresh, koresh and variants; Uzbek kurash, Kyrgyz күрөш küröş, Turkmen göreş Bashkir көрәш (köräş), Tatar küreş, күреш, көрәш, kөrəş, Kazakh күрес küres, Shor кӱреш küreş, Azeri güləş, Chuvash кӗрешӳ) is one of the Turkic terms for "wrestling" (from Old Turkic keriš, c.f. Turkish güreş) and specifically refers to a number of folk wrestling styles practiced in Central Asia.

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Kushan Empire

The Kushan Empire (Βασιλεία Κοσσανῶν; Κυϸανο, Kushano; कुषाण साम्राज्य Kuṣāṇa Samrajya; BHS:; Chinese: 貴霜帝國; Kušan-xšaθr) was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century.

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Kyrgyzstan

The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz Respublikasy; r; Қирғиз Республикаси.), or simply Kyrgyzstan, and also known as Kirghizia (Kyrgyzstan; r), is a sovereign state in Central Asia.

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Kyzylkum Desert

The Kyzylkum Desert (Qizilqum/Қизилқум, قىزىلقۇم; Qyzylqum, قىزىلقۇم, Кызылкум) is the 16th largest desert in the world.

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Laghman (food)

Laghman (лағман lağman; lagʻmon; لەغمەن leghmen; лагман lagman) is a Central Asian dish of pulled noodles, meat, and vegetables.

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Lamb and mutton

Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of domestic sheep (species Ovis aries) at different ages.

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Landlocked country

A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas.

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Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet or the Roman alphabet is a writing system originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.

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Legal Aid Society

The Legal Aid Society in New York City is the United States' oldest and largest provider of legal aid to the indigent—those in poverty in the United States.

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Legislative Chamber of Uzbekistan

The Legislative Chamber (Qonunchilik palatasi) is the lower chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

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Library of Congress

The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.

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Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a doubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in Central Europe.

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List of Uzbeks

This is a list of notable people of Uzbek ethnicity, regardless of their countries.

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Literacy

Literacy is traditionally meant as the ability to read and write.

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Lokomotiv Tashkent FK

PFC Lokomotiv Tashkent (Lokomotiv Toshkent professional futbol klubi, Футбольный клуб Локомотив Ташкент) is an Uzbekistani football club based in Tashkent.

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Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva

Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva (born July 3, 1978) is an Uzbek diplomat and philanthropist.

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Lukoil

The PJSC Lukoil Oil Company (stylized as LUKOIL) is a Russian multinational energy corporation headquartered in Moscow, specializing in the business of extraction, production, transport, and sale of petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products.

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Management Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent

Management Development Institute of Singapore in Tashkent (MDIST), is one of the first international university branches opened in Uzbekistan.

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Manfred Nowak

Manfred Nowak (born 26 June 1950 in Bad Aussee) is an Austrian human rights lawyer, who served as the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture from 2004 to 2010.

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Manti (food)

Manti (مانتا, manta, monta, мәнті, mänti, مأنتى, mantı, manti, մանթի, Tatar: манты; indicates either singular or plural) or mantu (мантуу or манты; Pashto, Persian, منتو) are dumplings popular in most Turkic cuisines, as well as in the South Caucasian, Central Asian, Chinese Islamic.

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Margiana

Margiana (Μαργιανή Margianḗ, Old Persian: Marguš, Middle Persian: Marv) is a historical region centred on the oasis of Merv and was a minor satrapy within the Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, and a province within its successors, the Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian empires.

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Market basket

A market basket or commodity bundle is a fixed list of items, in given proportions, used specifically to track the progress of inflation in an economy or specific market.

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Market economy

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

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Médecins Sans Frontières

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF; pronounced), also known in English as Doctors Without Borders, is an international humanitarian medical non-governmental organisation (NGO) of French origin best known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases.

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Meat

Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.

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Meskhetian Turks

Meskhetian Turks also known as Ahiska Turks (მესხეთის თურქები Meskhetis t'urk'ebi) are an ethnic subgroup of Turks formerly inhabiting the Meskheti region of Georgia, along the border with Turkey.

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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.

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Michael Kolganov

Michael Kolganov (מיכאל קולגנוב, born October 24, 1974) is an Israeli sprint canoeist and former world champion.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Mode (music)

In the theory of Western music, a mode is a type of musical scale coupled with a set of characteristic melodic behaviors.

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Moldova

Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).

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Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia

The Mongol conquest of Khwarezmia from 1219 to 1221 marked the beginning of the Mongol conquest of the Islamic states.

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Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Mongolyn Ezent Güren; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монголын эзэнт гүрэн;; also Орда ("Horde") in Russian chronicles) existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history.

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Mongol invasion of Central Asia

The Mongol invasion of Central Asia occurred after the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes on the Mongolian plateau in 1206.

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Mongols

The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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Moscow State University

Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова, often abbreviated МГУ) is a coeducational and public research university located in Moscow, Russia.

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Mugham

Mugham or mugam (Muğam) is one of the many folk musical compositions from Azerbaijan, contrasting with tasnif and ashugs.

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Muqam

A Muqam) is the melody type used in the music of Xinjiang, that is, a musical mode and set of melodic formulas used to guide improvisation and composition.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Namangan

Namangan (also in Наманган) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan.

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Namangan Region

Namangan Region (Namangan viloyati/Наманган вилояти, نەمەنگەن ۋىلايەتى; Наманганская область, Namanganskaya oblast) is one of the regions of Uzbekistan, located in the southern part of the Fergana Valley in far eastern part of the country.

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Naryn (dish)

Naryn, neryn or norin (Kyrgyz: наaрын Russian: нaрын, Uighur: нерин Uzbek: норин).

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Nastaʿlīq script

Nastaʿlīq (نستعلیق, from نسخ Naskh and تعلیق Taʿlīq) is one of the main calligraphic hands used in writing the Persian alphabet, and traditionally the predominant style in Persian calligraphy.

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Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

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Navoiy

Navoiy also spelled as Navoi (Navoiy, Навоий; Навои, Navoi) is a city (pop 125,800 in 2007) and the capital of Navoiy Region in the southwestern part of Uzbekistan.

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Navoiy Region

Navoiy Region (.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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New class

The new class is used as a polemic term by critics of countries that followed the Soviet type of Communism to describe the privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist Party functionaries which arose in these states.

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Non-denominational Muslim

Non-denominational Muslims is an umbrella term that has been used for and by Muslims who do not belong to or do not self-identify with a specific Islamic denomination.

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Non-governmental organization

Non-governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or nongovernment organizations, commonly referred to as NGOs, are usually non-profit and sometimes international organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas to effect changes according to their objectives.

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Nukus

Nukus (Nukus, Нукус; No'kis, Нөкис; Núkis; Нукус) is the sixth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and the capital of the autonomous Karakalpakstan Republic.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Odil Ahmedov

Odil Ahmedov (Uzbek Cyrillic: Одил Аҳмедов; born 25 November 1987) is an Uzbek international footballer, who plays for Shanghai SIPG.

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Okhangaron District

Okhangaron is a raion (district) of Tashkent Region in Uzbekistan.

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Oksana Chusovitina

Oksana Aleksandrovna Chusovitina (Оксана Александровна Чусовитина; born 19 June 1975) is a world and Olympic level gymnast who has competed for the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan, and Germany.

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Ombudsman

An ombudsman, ombud, or public advocate is an official who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints of maladministration or a violation of rights.

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Onion

The onion (Allium cepa L., from Latin cepa "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium.

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Optics

Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.

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Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; منظمة التعاون الإسلامي; Organisation de la coopération islamique) is an international organization founded in 1969, consisting of 57 member states, with a collective population of over 1.3 billion as of 2009 with 47 countries being Muslim Majority countries.

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization.

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Ostlegionen

Ostlegionen ("eastern legions"), Ost-Bataillone ("eastern battalions"), Osttruppen ("eastern troops"), Osteinheiten ("eastern units") were military units in the Heer (army) of Nazi Germany, during World War II that were made up of personnel from countries comprising the Soviet Union.

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Outline of Uzbekistan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Uzbekistan: The Uzbekistan – doubly landlockedUzbekistan and Liechtenstein are the only two doubly landlocked countries.

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Pakhtakor Tashkent FK

FC Pakhtakor Tashkent (Paxtakor Toshkent futbol klubi.,پخته کار, Футбольный клуб Пахтакор Ташкент) is an Uzbek professional football club, based in the capital Tashkent.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Parthian Empire

The Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD), also known as the Arsacid Empire, was a major Iranian political and cultural power in ancient Iran and Iraq.

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Partnership for Peace

The Partnership for Peace (PfP) is a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) program aimed at creating trust between NATO and other states in Europe and the former Soviet Union; 21 states are members.

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Peloton

In a road bicycle race, the peloton (from French, originally meaning 'platoon') is the main group or pack of riders.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Persian traditional music

Persian traditional music or Iranian traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran (also known as Persia).

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Pesticide

Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.

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Petronas

PETRONAS, short for Petroliam Nasional Berhad (National Petroleum, Limited), is a Malaysian oil and gas company that was founded on 17 August 1974.

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Pew Research Center

The Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan American fact tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.

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Pilaf

Pilaf or pilau is a dish in which rice is cooked in a seasoned broth.

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Pogrom

The term pogrom has multiple meanings, ascribed most often to the deliberate persecution of an ethnic or religious group either approved or condoned by the local authorities.

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Politics of Uzbekistan

The Republic of Uzbekistan is a presidential constitutional republic, whereby the President of Uzbekistan is both head of state and head of government.

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Population transfer in the Soviet Union

Population transfer in the Soviet Union refers to forced transfer of various groups from the 1930s up to the 1950s ordered by Joseph Stalin and may be classified into the following broad categories: deportations of "anti-Soviet" categories of population (often classified as "enemies of workers"), deportations of entire nationalities, labor force transfer, and organized migrations in opposite directions to fill the ethnically cleansed territories.

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Precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.

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Presidencies and provinces of British India

The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.

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President of Uzbekistan

The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Prezidenti, Ўзбекистон Республикасининг Президенти) is the head of state and executive authority in Uzbekistan.

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Presidential system

A presidential system is a democratic and republican system of government where a head of government leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch.

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Prime Minister of Uzbekistan

This is a list of Prime Ministers of Uzbekistan (O‘zbekiston bosh vaziri), from the establishment of the office in 1925 to the present day.

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Province

A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state.

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Public domain

The public domain consists of all the creative works to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply.

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Public holidays in Uzbekistan

Public holidays in Uzbekistan.

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Purchasing power parity

Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a neoclassical economic theory that states that the exchange rate between two countries is equal to the ratio of the currencies' respective purchasing power.

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Qara Khitai

The Qara Khitai (alternatively spelled Kara Khitai; Хар Хятан; 1124–1218), also known as the Kara Khitan Khanate or Western Liao, officially the Great Liao, was a sinicized Khitan empire in Central Asia.

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Qarshi

Qarshi (Qarshi / Қарши; نخشب Nakhshab; Карши Karshi) is a city in southern Uzbekistan.

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Qashqadaryo Region

Qashqadaryo Region (Qashqadaryo viloyati, Қашқадарё вилояти, قەشقەدەريا ۋىلايەتى; old spelling Kashkadarya Region) is one of the regions of Uzbekistan, located in the south-eastern part of the country in the basin of the Qashqadaryo River and on the western slopes of the Pamir-Alay mountains.

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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a broadcasting organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analysis to countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East where it says that "the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed".

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Rapid transit

Rapid transit or mass rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, MRT, subway, tube, U-Bahn or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas.

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Ravshan Irmatov

Ravshan Sayfiddinovich Irmatov (Ravshan Sayfiddinovich Ermatov, Равшан Сайфиддинович Эрматов; born August 9, 1977) is a Uzbek professional football referee.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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Reform movement

A reform movement is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or political system closer to the community's ideal.

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RENFE Class 130

The RENFE Class 130 or S-130 (Spanish: Serie 130 de Renfe, manufacturer's designation Talgo 250) is a high-speed dual-gauge, dual-voltage trainset consisting of 11 Talgo VII tilting coaches and two power cars, used on Alvia services.

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Reporters Without Borders

Reporters Without Borders (RWB), or Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press.

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Republic

A republic (res publica) is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter", not the private concern or property of the rulers.

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Rice

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).

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Rishton, Uzbekistan

Rishton (Rishton, Рештон, Риштан, alternative spellings Rishtan, Rishdan, Roshidon, previously called also Kyubishev by Russians) is a town (pop est 22,580) in Fergana Region, in Uzbekistan, located about halfway between Kokand and Fergana.

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Ruslan Chagaev

Ruslan Shamilevich Chagaev (Руслан Шамил улы Чагаев, Ruslan Şamil ulı Çağayev; Ruslan Shamil'evich Chagaev; Руслан Шамилович Чагаев); born 19 October 1978) is an Uzbekistani former professional boxer who competed from 1997 to 2016. He is a two-time WBA heavyweight champion, having held the full world title from 2007 to 2009, and the Regular title from 2014 to 2016. To date, Chagaev remains the only Asian boxer in the history of the sport to hold a heavyweight world title by any of the four major sanctioning bodies. In 2007 he defeated then-unbeaten Nikolai Valuev to win the WBA heavyweight title for the first time, and would make two successful defences. Due to injuries and being unable to grant Valuev a rematch in 2009, the WBA stripped Chagaev of the title. He went on to suffer his first professional loss in the same year to unified heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko. Chagaev won the WBA (Regular) heavyweight title for a second time by defeating Fres Oquendo in 2014. He made one successful defence, but lost the title to Lucas Browne in 2016. However, after Browne failed a drug test, the WBA reinstated Chagaev as champion, but he was once again stripped of the title in July after failing to pay sanctioning fees. On 28 July 2016 he announced his retirement from boxing due to ongoing eye injuries. As an amateur, Chagaev won gold medals at the 2001 World Championships and 1999 Asian Championships, in the heavyweight and super-heavyweight divisions respectively.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian conquest of Central Asia

The Russian conquest of Central Asia took place in the second half of the nineteenth century.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russian Far East

The Russian Far East (p) comprises the Russian part of the Far East - the extreme eastern territory of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean.

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Russian language

Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

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Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches, in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox patriarchates.

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Russian Turkestan

Russian Turkestan (Русский Туркестан, Russkiy Turkestan) was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire (administered as a Krai or Governor-Generalship), comprising the oasis region to the south of the Kazakh Steppe, but not the protectorates of the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva.

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Russians

Russians (русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. The majority of Russians inhabit the nation state of Russia, while notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. A large Russian diaspora also exists all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel, and Canada. Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The Russians share many cultural traits with their fellow East Slavic counterparts, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. They are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states.

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Russians in Uzbekistan

Russians in Uzbekistan comprised the country's second-largest ethnic group after Uzbeks, numbering 1,653,478, in 1989 representing 5.5% of the population.

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Rustam Kasimdzhanov

Rustam Kasimdzhanov (Rustam Qosimjonov; Рустам Касымджанов; born 5 December 1979, Tashkent, Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic) is an Uzbek chess Grandmaster and former FIDE World Champion (2004-05).

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Samanid Empire

The Samanid Empire (سامانیان, Sāmāniyān), also known as the Samanian Empire, Samanid dynasty, Samanid Emirate, or simply Samanids, was a Sunni Iranian empire, ruling from 819 to 999.

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Samarkand

Samarkand (Uzbek language Uzbek alphabet: Samarqand; سمرقند; Самарканд; Σαμαρκάνδη), alternatively Samarqand, is a city in modern-day Uzbekistan and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia.

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Samarqand Region

Samarqand Region (Samarkand Region) (Samarqand viloyati) is one of the regions of Uzbekistan.

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SamKochAvto

SamKochAvto, originally Samarkand Automobile Factory (Uzbek:Samarqand avto zavodi), is a joint Turkish–Uzbekistani venture with major investment by the Turkish company Koc Holding.

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Samsa (food)

Samsa (самса, самса, سامسا, somsa) is a savoury meat pastry in Central Asian cuisines.

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Sart

Sart is a name for the settled inhabitants of Central Asia and the Middle East, which has had shifting meanings over the centuries.

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Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire, also known as the Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire (known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian), was the last period of the Persian Empire (Iran) before the rise of Islam, named after the House of Sasan, which ruled from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognised as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighbouring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.Norman A. Stillman The Jews of Arab Lands pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 International Congress of Byzantine Studies Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3 pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), the Caucasus (Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.Khaleghi-Motlagh, The Sasanian Empire during Late Antiquity is considered to have been one of Iran's most important and influential historical periods and constituted the last great Iranian empire before the Muslim conquest and the adoption of Islam. In many ways, the Sasanian period witnessed the peak of ancient Iranian civilisation. The Sasanians' cultural influence extended far beyond the empire's territorial borders, reaching as far as Western Europe, Africa, China and India. It played a prominent role in the formation of both European and Asian medieval art. Much of what later became known as Islamic culture in art, architecture, music and other subject matter was transferred from the Sasanians throughout the Muslim world.

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Scythians

or Scyths (from Greek Σκύθαι, in Indo-Persian context also Saka), were a group of Iranian people, known as the Eurasian nomads, who inhabited the western and central Eurasian steppes from about the 9th century BC until about the 1st century BC.

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Secularity

Secularity (adjective form secular, from Latin saeculum meaning "worldly", "of a generation", "temporal", or a span of about 100 years) is the state of being separate from religion, or of not being exclusively allied with or against any particular religion.

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Secularization

Secularization (or secularisation) is the transformation of a society from close identification and affiliation with religious values and institutions toward nonreligious values and secular institutions.

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Self-censorship

Self-censorship is the act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse.

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Seljuq dynasty

The Seljuq dynasty, or Seljuqs (آل سلجوق Al-e Saljuq), was an Oghuz Turk Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became a Persianate society and contributed to the Turco-Persian tradition in the medieval West and Central Asia.

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Senate of Uzbekistan

The Senate (Senat) is the upper house of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.

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Shahrisabz

Shakhrisabz (Shahrisabz; Шаҳрисабз; shahr-e sabz (city of green / verdant city); Шахрисабз), is a city in Qashqadaryo Region in southern Uzbekistan located approximately 80 km south of Samarkand with a population of 100,300 (2014).

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Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), or Shanghai Pact, is a Eurasian political, economic, and security organisation, the creation of which was announced on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China by the leaders of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Charter, formally establishing the organisation, was signed in June 2002 and entered into force on 19 September 2003.

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Shashmaqam

Shashmaqam is a Central Asian musical genre (typical of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) which may have developed in the city of Bukhara.

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Shavkat Mirziyoyev

Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev (Uzbek Cyrillic and Шавкат Миромонович Мирзиёев; born 24 July 1957) is an Uzbek politician who has been President of Uzbekistan since 2016.

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Shaybanids

The Shaybanids (سلسله شیبانیان) were a PersianizedIntroduction: The Turko-Persian tradition, Robert L. Canfield, Turko-Persia in Historical Perspective, ed.

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Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

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Silk Road

The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West.

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Sirdaryo Region

Sirdarya Region is one of the regions of Uzbekistan, located in the center of the country on the left bank of Syr Darya River.

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So‘x District

So‘x District (also spelled as Sokh, So‘x tumani) is a tuman (district) of the Fergana Region.

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Sogdia

Sogdia or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization that at different times included territory located in present-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan such as: Samarkand, Bukhara, Khujand, Panjikent and Shahrisabz.

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Soil contamination

Soil contamination or soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment.

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Soil salinity

Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization.

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Solar energy

Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.

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Sovereign state

A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic area.

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Soviet Army

The Soviet Army (SA; Советская Армия, Sovetskaya Armiya) is the name given to the main land-based branch of the Soviet Armed Forces between February 1946 and December 1991, when it was replaced with the Russian Ground Forces, although it was not taken fully out of service until 25 December 1993.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Soviet Union national basketball team

The Soviet national basketball team was the basketball side that represented the Soviet Union in international competitions.

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Soviet Union national football team

The Soviet Union national football team (сбо́рная Сове́тского Сою́за по футбо́лу, sbornaya Sovyetskogo Soyuza po futbolu) was the national football team of the Soviet Union.

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Soviet Union national ice hockey team

The Soviet national ice hockey team (Сборная СССР по хоккею с шайбой) was the national ice hockey team of the Soviet Union.

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Soviet Union national rugby union team

The USSR national rugby union team was a sporting side that represented the Soviet Union in rugby union until the early 1990s.

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State Anthem of Uzbekistan

The State Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan came into being when Uzbekistan was a republic of the Soviet Union.

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Sufi dynasty

The Sufid dynasty was a Turkic dynasty that ruled in Khwarezm, in the Amu Darya river delta.

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Sufi poetry

Sufi poetry has been written in many languages, both for private devotional reading and as lyrics for music played during worship, or dhikr.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Supreme Assembly (Uzbekistan)

The Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis, Cyrillic Олий Мажлис) is the parliament of Uzbekistan.

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Supreme Court of Uzbekistan

The Supreme Court of Uzbekistan is the most senior body of civil, criminal, and administrative law in the Republic of Uzbekistan.

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Surxondaryo Region

Surxondaryo Region (Surxondaryo viloyati, Сурхондарё вилояти, سرخان‌دریا, UniPers: "sorxāndaryā"), old spelling Surkhandarya Region is a viloyat (region) of Uzbekistan, located in the extreme south-east of the country.

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Syr Darya

The Syr Darya is a river in Central Asia. The Syr Darya originates in the Tian Shan Mountains in Kyrgyzstan and eastern Uzbekistan and flows for west and north-west through Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan to the northern remnants of the Aral Sea. It is the northern and eastern of the two main rivers in the endorrheic basin of the Aral Sea, the other being the Amu Darya. In the Soviet era, extensive irrigation projects were constructed around both rivers, diverting their water into farmland and causing, during the post-Soviet era, the virtual disappearance of the Aral Sea, once the world's fourth-largest lake.

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Taekwondo

Taekwondo (from Korean 태권도, 跆拳道) is a Korean martial art, characterised by its emphasis on head-height kicks, jumping and spinning kicks, and fast kicking techniques.

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Tajik language

Tajik or Tajiki (Tajik: забо́ни тоҷикӣ́, zaboni tojikī), also called Tajiki Persian (Tajik: форси́и тоҷикӣ́, forsii tojikī), is the variety of Persian spoken in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

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Tajikistan

Tajikistan (or; Тоҷикистон), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhuriyi Tojikiston), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated population of million people as of, and an area of.

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Tajiks

Tajik (تاجيک: Tājīk, Тоҷик) is a general designation for a wide range of native Persian-speaking people of Iranian origin, with current traditional homelands in present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

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Talgo

Talgo is a Spanish manufacturer of intercity, standard, and high speed passenger trains.

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Tashkent

Tashkent (Toshkent, Тошкент, تاشكېنت,; Ташкент) is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, as well as the most populated city in Central Asia with a population in 2012 of 2,309,300.

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Tashkent International School

Tashkent International School (TIS), an International Baccalaureate (IB) World School, is an independent, non-profit, coeducational day school from preschool through grade 12 located in Tashkent, the capital city of Uzbekistan in Central Asia.

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Tashkent Mechanical Plant

Tashkent Mechanical Plant (TMZ) (Toshkent Mexanika Zavodi), formerly Tashkent Aviation Production Association named after V. P. Chkalov (TAPO or TAPOiCh) (V.P.Chkalov nomli Toshkent aviatsiya ishlab chiqarish birlashmasi) is a leading high-technology company of Uzbekistan, which was originally moved from Russia to the rear of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan in 1941 during World War II.

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Tashkent Region

Tashkent Region (Toshkent viloyati, Тошкент вилояти) is a viloyat (region) of Uzbekistan, located in the northeastern part of the country, between the Syr Darya River and the Tien Shan Mountains.

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Tashkent Stock Exchange

Tashkent Stock Exchange is the major securities trading platform and the only corporate securities exchange in Uzbekistan.

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Tashkent–Samarkand high-speed rail line

The Tashkent to Samarkand high-speed rail line is a high-speed rail connection between Tashkent and Samarkand, the two largest Uzbek cities.

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Tatars

The Tatars (татарлар, татары) are a Turkic-speaking peoples living mainly in Russia and other Post-Soviet countries.

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Teahouse

A teahouse is an establishment which primarily serves tea and other light refreshments.

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Telecom corruption scandal

The Telecom corruption scandal is a 2012 corruption case involving the daughter of President Islam Karimov of Uzbekistan, Gulnara Karimova, accepting bribes from several foreign telecom companies in exchange for contracts to do business within Uzbekistan.

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Telephone numbers in Uzbekistan

The Uzbek telephone numbering plan describes the allocation of telephone numbers in Uzbekistan.

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Telia Company

Telia Company AB is a Swedish dominant telephone company and mobile network operator present in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark and Baltic States.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.

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Tennis

Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).

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Termez

Termez (Termiz/Термиз; Термез; Тирмиз; ترمذ Termez, Tirmiz; ترمذ Tirmidh) is a city in the southernmost part of Uzbekistan near the Hairatan border crossing of Afghanistan.

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Terrorism in Uzbekistan

Terrorism in Uzbekistan is more prevalent than in any other Central Asian state.

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The Great Game

"The Great Game" was a political and diplomatic confrontation that existed for most of the nineteenth century between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighbouring territories in Central and Southern Asia.

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Time in Uzbekistan

Uzbekist is the standard time in Uzbekistan; it is 5 hours ahead of UTC, UTC+05:00.

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Timur

Timur (تیمور Temūr, Chagatai: Temür; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang, "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror.

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Timurid dynasty

The Timurid dynasty (تیموریان), self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol lineageB.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006Encyclopædia Britannica, "", Online Academic Edition, 2007.

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Timurid Empire

The Timurid Empire (تیموریان, Timuriyān), self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان, Gurkāniyān), was a PersianateB.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006 Turco-Mongol empire comprising modern-day Iran, the Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, as well as parts of contemporary India, Pakistan, Syria and Turkey. The empire was founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a warlord of Turco-Mongol lineage, who established the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405. He envisioned himself as the great restorer of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan and, while not descended from Genghis, regarded himself as Genghis's heir and associated much with the Borjigin. The ruling Timurid dynasty, or Timurids, lost most of Persia to the Aq Qoyunlu confederation in 1467, but members of the dynasty continued to rule smaller states, sometimes known as Timurid emirates, in Central Asia and parts of India. In the 16th century, Babur, a Timurid prince from Ferghana (modern Uzbekistan), invaded Kabulistan (modern Afghanistan) and established a small kingdom there, and from there 20 years later he invaded India to establish the Mughal Empire.

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Torture

Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.

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Tour de France

The Tour de France is an annual male multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.

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Tourism in Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is a country with potential for an expanded tourism industry.

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Trans-Caspian railway

The Trans-Caspian Railway (also called the Central Asian Railway, Среднеазиатская железная дорога) is a railway that follows the path of the Silk Road through much of western Central Asia.

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Transoxiana

Transoxiana (also spelled Transoxania), known in Arabic sources as (– 'what beyond the river') and in Persian as (فرارود, —'beyond the river'), is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgyzstan, and southwest Kazakhstan.

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Transport in Uzbekistan

As of 2007, Uzbekistan's overland transportation infrastructure declined significantly in the post-Soviet era due to low investment and poor maintenance.

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Travel visa

A visa (from the Latin charta visa, meaning "paper which has been seen") is a conditional authorization granted by a country to a foreigner, allowing them to enter, remain within, or to leave that country.

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Trigonometry

Trigonometry (from Greek trigōnon, "triangle" and metron, "measure") is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships involving lengths and angles of triangles.

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Turan

Turan (Persian: توران Tūrān, "the land of the Tur") is a historical region in Central Asia.

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Turkestan Military District

The Turkestan Military District (Туркестанский военный округ (ТуркВО), Turkestansky voyenyi okrug (TurkVO)) was a military district of both the Imperial Russian Army and the Soviet Armed Forces, with its headquarters at Tashkent.

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Turkey

Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.

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Turkic languages

The Turkic languages are a language family of at least thirty-five documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and West Asia all the way to North Asia (particularly in Siberia) and East Asia (including the Far East).

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Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethno-linguistic groups of Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Asia as well as parts of Europe and North Africa.

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Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (or; Türkmenistan), (formerly known as Turkmenia) is a sovereign state in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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Ukrainians

Ukrainians (українці, ukrayintsi) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is by total population the sixth-largest nation in Europe.

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Ulugh Beg

Mīrzā Muhammad Tāraghay bin Shāhrukh (میرزا محمد طارق بن شاہ رخ, میرزا محمد تراغای بن شاہ رخ), better known as Ulugh Beg (March 22, 1394 in Sultaniyeh, Persia – October 27, 1449, Samarkand), was a Timurid ruler as well as an astronomer, mathematician and sultan.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Unitary state

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 737

United Nations Security Council resolution 737, adopted without a vote on 29 January 1992, after examining the application of the Republic of Uzbekistan for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that Uzbekistan be admitted.

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United States Central Command

The United States Central Command (USCENTCOM or CENTCOM) is a theater-level Unified Combatant Command of the U.S. Department of Defense.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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University of Turin

The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, or often abbreviated to UNITO) is a university in the city of Turin in the Piedmont region of north-western Italy.

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Urgench

Urgench (Urganch, Урганч, ئۇرگەنج; گرگانج, Gorgånch/Gorgānč/Gorgânc) is a city in western Uzbekistan.

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Uyghur language

The Uyghur or Uighur language (Уйғур тили, Uyghur tili, Uyƣur tili or, Уйғурчә, Uyghurche, Uyƣurqə), formerly known as Eastern Turki, is a Turkic language with 10 to 25 million speakers, spoken primarily by the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of Western China.

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Uz-DaewooAuto

Uz-DaewooAuto (Uzbek: O'z-DeuAvto) was a joint venture founded in 1992 between the Uzbek state owned UzAvtosanoat.

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Uzbek alphabet

The Uzbek language has been written in various scripts: Arabic, Cyrillic and Latin.

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Uzbek language

Uzbek is a Turkic language that is the sole official language of Uzbekistan.

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Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic

Uzbekistan is the common English name for the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR; Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси, Oʻzbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi; Узбекская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Uzbekskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika) and later, the Republic of Uzbekistan (Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси), that refers to the period of Uzbekistan from 1924 to 1991.

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Uzbekistan and the World Bank

Uzbekistan became a World Bank member in 1992, shortly after declaring independence in 1991 following the collapse of the Soviet Union.

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Uzbekistan Footballer of the Year

The Uzbekistan Footballer of the Year (Yilning eng yaxshi futbolchisi or Йилнинг энг яхши футболчиси) is a yearly football award presented by the Uzbekistan Football Federation to the most outstanding Uzbekistan footballer among who has been considered to have performed the best in national team or over Uzbek League and other national championship season.

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Uzbekistan national basketball team

The Uzbekistan national basketball team is the national basketball team of the Uzbekistan and is governed by the Uzbekistan Basketball Federation.

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Uzbekistan national football team

The Uzbekistan national football team (Uzbek: Oʻzbekiston milliy futbol terma jamoasi) represents Uzbekistan in association football and is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Association, the governing body for football in Uzbekistan.

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Uzbekistan national futsal team

The Uzbekistan national futsal team is controlled by the Uzbekistan Football Federation, the governing body for futsal in Uzbekistan and represents the country in international futsal competitions, such as the World Cup and the AFC Futsal Championship.

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Uzbekistan national rugby union team

The Uzbekistan national rugby union team represents Uzbekistan in international rugby union.

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Uzbekistan Super League

Uzbekistan Super League (O'zbekiston Superligasi) also called Pepsi O'zbekiston Superligasi due to sponsorship by Pepsi, is the top division of football in Uzbekistan, and is operated under the auspices of the Uzbekistan Professional Football League and Uzbekistan Football Association.

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Uzbekistani soʻm

The soʻm (soʻm in Latin script, сўм in Cyrillic script) is the currency of Uzbekistan in Central Asia.

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Uzbekneftegaz

The national holding company Uzbekneftegaz ("Oʻzbekneftegaz" MXK, НХК "Узбекнефтегаз") is a state-owned holding company of Uzbekistan's oil and gas industry.

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Uzbeks

The Uzbeks (Oʻzbek/Ўзбек, pl. Oʻzbeklar/Ўзбеклар) are a Turkic ethnic group; the largest Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia.

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Uzdunrobita

Uzdunrobita was the largest mobile phone operator in Uzbekistan in the 1990s and 2000s.

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Val Barker Trophy

The Val Barker Trophy is presented every four years to the most "outstanding boxer" at the Olympic Games.

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Vladimir Dzhanibekov

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dzhanibekov (Владимир Александрович Джанибеков, born 13 May 1942) is a former cosmonaut who made five flights.

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Volga Germans

The Volga Germans (Wolgadeutsche or Russlanddeutsche, Povolzhskiye nemtsy) are ethnic Germans who colonized and historically lived along the Volga River in the region of southeastern European Russia around Saratov and to the south.

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Vozrozhdeniya Island

Vozrozhdeniya Island (p) was an island in the Aral Sea.

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Westminster International University in Tashkent

Westminster International University in Tashkent (WIUT) is Uzbekistan's first international university.

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Wilayah

A wilayah (ولاية; Urdu and ولایت; vilayet) is an administrative division, usually translated as "state", "province", or occasionally as "governorate".

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Women in Uzbekistan

The social and legal situation of women in Uzbekistan has been influenced by local traditions, religion, the Soviet rule, and changing social norms since independence.

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World Organisation Against Torture

The World Organisation Against Torture (Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture; OMCT) is the world’s largest coalition of non-governmental organisations fighting against arbitrary detention, torture, summary and extrajudicial executions, forced disappearances and other forms of violence.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Xinjiang

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى; SASM/GNC: Xinjang Uyĝur Aptonom Rayoni; p) is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country.

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Xorazm Region

Xorazm Region (خارەزم ۋىلايەتى) or Khorezm Region as it is still more commonly known, is a viloyat (region) of Uzbekistan located in the northwest of the country in the lower reaches of the Amu-Darya River.

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Yuezhi

The Yuezhi or Rouzhi were an ancient people first reported in Chinese histories as nomadic pastoralists living in an arid grassland area in the western part of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC.

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.uz

.uz is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Uzbekistan.

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1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt

The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, also known as the August Coup (r "August Putsch"), was an attempt by members of the Soviet Union's government to take control of the country from Soviet President and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev.

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2000 Summer Olympics

The 2000 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium, were an international multi-sport event which was held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

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2004 Summer Olympics

The 2004 Summer Olympic Games (Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004), officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004, was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home. 10,625 athletes competed, some 600 more than expected, accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries.

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2005 Andijan Unrest

The 2005 Andijan Unrest occurred when Uzbek Interior Ministry (MVD) and National Security Service (SNB) troops fired into a crowd of protesters in Andijan in the Republic of Uzbekistan on 13 May 2005.

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2008 Summer Olympics

The 2008 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and commonly known as Beijing 2008, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing, China.

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2009 US Open (tennis)

The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States.

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2011 AFC Cup

The 2011 AFC Cup was the 8th edition of the AFC Cup, a football competition organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for clubs from "developing countries" in Asia.

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2012 Summer Olympics

The 2012 Summer Olympics, formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, United Kingdom.

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2016 Summer Olympics

The 2016 Summer Olympics (Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016), officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad and commonly known as Rio 2016, was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August.

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37th parallel north

The 37th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 37 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.

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46th parallel north

The 46th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 46 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.

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56th meridian east

The meridian 56° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

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74th meridian east

The meridian 74° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

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Redirects here:

Administrative divisions of Uzbekistan, Area of Uzbekistan, Environment of Uzbekistan, ISO 3166-1:UZ, Languages of Uzbekistan, Little Bukaria, O'zbekiston, O'zbekiston Jumhuriyati, O'zbekstan, O'zbekstan Respublikası, Ouzbekistan, Ouzbékistan, Ozbekistan, Ozbekistan Jumhuriyeti, Ozbekistan Jumhuriyäti, Ozbekiston, Oʻzbekiston Jumhuriyati, Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi, O‘zbekiston, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi, Population of Uzbekistan, Republic Of Uzbekistan, Republic of Uzbekistan, Respublika Uzbekistan, UZBEKISTAN, Usbekistan, Uzbek Republic, Uzbek presidential election, 2021, Uzbekhistan, Uzbekia, Uzbekistan Stock Exchange, Uzbekistani, Uzbekistani people, Uzbekistanis, Uzbekiston, Uzbekiston Jumhuriyati, Uzbekstan, Üzbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон, Ўзбекистон Республикаси, Өзбекстан.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan

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