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Vibrio cholerae

Index Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium. [1]

67 relations: Aquatic ecosystem, Autoinducer, Bacteria, Bacteriophage, Bangladesh, Base pair, Brackish water, Chitin, Cholera, Cholera toxin, Cholera vaccine, Chromosome, Copepod, CTXφ bacteriophage, Dehydration, Diarrhea, DNA, Drinking water, El Tor, Endemic (epidemiology), Epileptic seizure, Estuary, Facultative anaerobic organism, Filamentous bacteriophage, Filippo Pacini, Flagellum, Gammaproteobacteria, Gene, Gram-negative bacteria, Homologous recombination, Horizontal gene transfer, Hypotension, India, Kidney failure, Lysis, Management of dehydration, MT-RNR2, Natural competence, Oliguria, Open reading frame, Pathogen, Pathogenicity island, Pilus, Plasmid, Prophage, Protein, Proteobacteria, Radial artery, Replicon (genetics), Robert Koch, ..., Scanning electron microscope, Serotype, Shellfish, Somnolence, Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Tandemly arrayed genes, Temperateness (virology), Transcription (biology), Transformation (genetics), Translation (biology), Vibrio, Vibrionaceae, Virulence factor, Vomiting, Zooplankton, 2010s Haiti cholera outbreak. Expand index (17 more) »

Aquatic ecosystem

An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem in a body of water.

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Autoinducer

Autoinducers are signaling molecules that are produced in response to changes in cell-population density.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Bacteriophage

A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within Bacteria and Archaea.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Base pair

A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.

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Brackish water

Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater.

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Chitin

Chitin (C8H13O5N)n, a long-chain polymer of ''N''-acetylglucosamine, is a derivative of glucose.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Cholera toxin

Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen and sometimes abbreviated to CTX, Ctx or CT) is protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Cholera vaccine

Cholera vaccines are vaccines that are effective at preventing cholera.

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Chromosome

A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

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Copepod

Copepods (meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in the sea and nearly every freshwater habitat.

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CTXφ bacteriophage

The CTXφ bacteriophage is a filamentous bacteriophage that contains the genetic material needed by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium for the production of cholera toxin, or CT.

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Dehydration

In physiology, dehydration is a deficit of total body water, with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes.

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Diarrhea

Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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Drinking water

Drinking water, also known as potable water, is water that is safe to drink or to use for food preparation.

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El Tor

El Tor is a particular strain of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera.

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Endemic (epidemiology)

In epidemiology, an infection is said to be endemic (from Greek ἐν en "in, within" and δῆμος demos "people") in a population when that infection is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographic area without external inputs.

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Epileptic seizure

An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.

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Estuary

An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

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Facultative anaerobic organism

The title of this article should be "Facultative Aerobic Organism," as "facultative anaerobe" is a misnomer.

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Filamentous bacteriophage

A filamentous bacteriophage is a type of bacteriophage, or virus of bacteria, defined by its filament-like or rod-like shape.

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Filippo Pacini

Filippo Pacini (25 May 1812 – 9 July 1883) was an Italian anatomist, posthumously famous for isolating the cholera bacterium Vibrio cholerae in 1854, well before Robert Koch's more widely accepted discoveries 30 years later.

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Flagellum

A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells.

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Gammaproteobacteria

Gammaproteobacteria are a class of bacteria.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Gram-negative bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation.

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Homologous recombination

Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA.

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Horizontal gene transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) or lateral gene transfer (LGT) is the movement of genetic material between unicellular and/or multicellular organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of DNA from parent to offspring.

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Hypotension

Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Kidney failure

Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work.

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Lysis

Lysis (Greek λύσις lýsis, "a loosing" from λύειν lýein, "to unbind") refers to the breaking down of the membrane of a cell, often by viral, enzymic, or osmotic (that is, "lytic") mechanisms that compromise its integrity.

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Management of dehydration

The management of dehydration typically involves the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS).

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MT-RNR2

Mitochondrially encoded 16S RNA (often abbreviated as 16S) is a mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) that in humans is encoded by the MT-RNR2 gene.

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Natural competence

In microbiology, genetics, cell biology, and molecular biology, competence is the ability of a cell to alter its genetics by taking up extracellular ("naked") DNA from its environment in the process called transformation.

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Oliguria

Oliguria or hypouresis (both names from roots meaning "not enough urine") is the low output of urine.

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Open reading frame

In molecular genetics, an open reading frame (ORF) is the part of a reading frame that has the ability to be translated.

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Pathogen

In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.

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Pathogenicity island

Pathogenicity islands (PAIs), as termed in 1990, are a distinct class of genomic islands acquired by microorganisms through horizontal gene transfer.

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Pilus

A pilus (Latin for 'hair'; plural: pili) is a hair-like appendage found on the surface of many bacteria.

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Plasmid

A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

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Prophage

A prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome inserted and integrated into the circular bacterial DNA chromosome or existing as an extrachromosomal plasmid.

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Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

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Proteobacteria

Proteobacteria is a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogens, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Yersinia, Legionellales, and many other notable genera. Others are free-living (non-parasitic), and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was named after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes and is not named after the genus Proteus. Some Alphaproteobacteria can grow at very low levels of nutrients and have unusual morphology such as stalks and buds. Others include agriculturally important bacteria capable of inducing nitrogen fixation in symbiosis with plants. The type order is the Caulobacterales, comprising stalk-forming bacteria such as Caulobacter. The Betaproteobacteria are highly metabolically diverse and contain chemolithoautotrophs, photoautotrophs, and generalist heterotrophs. The type order is the Burkholderiales, comprising an enormous range of metabolic diversity, including opportunistic pathogens. The Hydrogenophilalia are obligate thermophiles and include heterotrophs and autotrophs. The type order is the Hydrogenophilales. The Gammaproteobacteria are the largest class in terms of species with validly published names. The type order is the Pseudomonadales, which include the genera Pseudomonas and the nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter. The Acidithiobacillia contain only sulfur, iron and uranium-oxidising autotrophs. The type order is the Acidithiobacillales, which includes economically important organisms used in the mining industry such as Acidithiobacillus spp. The Deltaproteobacteria include bacteria that are predators on other bacteria and are important contributors to the anaerobic side of the sulfur cycle. The type order is the Myxococcales, which includes organisms with self-organising abilities such as Myxococcus spp. The Epsilonproteobacteria are often slender, Gram-negative rods that are helical or curved. The type order is the Campylobacterales, which includes important food pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. The Oligoflexia are filamentous aerobes. The type order is the Oligoflexales, which contains the genus Oligoflexus.

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Radial artery

In human anatomy, the radial artery is the main artery of the lateral aspect of the forearm.

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Replicon (genetics)

A replicon is a DNA molecule or RNA molecule, or a region of DNA or RNA, that replicates from a single origin of replication.

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Robert Koch

Robert Heinrich Hermann Koch (11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910) was a German physician and microbiologist.

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Scanning electron microscope

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.

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Serotype

A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals.

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Shellfish

Shellfish is a food source and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.

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Somnolence

Somnolence (alternatively "sleepiness" or "drowsiness") is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia).

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Tachycardia

Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.

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Tachypnea

Tachypnea or tachypnoea is abnormally rapid breathing.

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Tandemly arrayed genes

Tandemly arrayed genes (TAGs) are a gene cluster created by tandem duplications, a process in which one gene is duplicated and the copy is found adjacent to the original.

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Temperateness (virology)

In virology, temperate refers to the ability of some bacteriophages (notably coliphage λ) to display a lysogenic life cycle.

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Transcription (biology)

Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

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Transformation (genetics)

In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).

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Translation (biology)

In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell's nucleus.

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Vibrio

Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria, possessing a curved-rod shape (comma shape), several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood.

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Vibrionaceae

The Vibrionaceae are a family of Proteobacteria given their own order.

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Virulence factor

Virulence factors are molecules produced by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that add to their effectiveness and enable them to achieve the following.

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Vomiting

Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.

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Zooplankton

Zooplankton are heterotrophic (sometimes detritivorous) plankton.

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2010s Haiti cholera outbreak

The 2010-2017 Haitian cholera outbreak was the first modern large scale outbreak of cholera, once considered a beaten back disease thanks to the invention of modern sanitation, yet now resurgent, having spread across Haiti from October 2010 to May 2017, waxing and waning with eradication effort and climate variability.

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Redirects here:

V. cholerae, V.cholerae, Vibrio Cholerae, Vibrio cholera, Vibrio cholerae Pacini 1854.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae

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