294 relations: Aaron, Abba Arika, Abila (Peraea), Abraham ibn Ezra, Abraham Joshua Heschel, Abraham Kuenen, Abraham Saba, Acacia, Adam Bede, Adam Kirsch, Adele Berlin, Adin Steinsaltz, Alexandria, Aliyah (Torah), Almond, Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva, Altar, Anchor Bible Series, Andrea Weiss, Antiquities of the Jews, Argentines, Arthur Green, ArtScroll, Aryeh Kaplan, Ashkenazi Jews, Athalya Brenner, Atlanta, Baal, Bahya ben Asher, Bar-Ilan University, Baraita, Bede, Benno Jacob, Bezalel, Biblical Mount Sinai, Biblical studies, Book of Exodus, Books of Chronicles, Books of Kings, Books of Samuel, Brandeis University, Bratslav, Breslov Research Institute, C. B. Macpherson, Cairo, Caleb, Carol A. Newsom, Carol Meyers, Chaim ibn Attar, Chapters and verses of the Bible, ..., Charles Duke Yonge, Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, Conservative Judaism, Copper, Daniel C. Matt, Daniel S. Nevins, David, David E. Stern, David Klinghoffer, Denver, Deuteronomy Rabbah, Duke University, Ecclesiastes, Edward Goldman (professor), Edward Taylor, Egypt, El (deity), Eli (biblical figure), Elie Munk, Ellen Frankel, Elyse Goldstein, England, Exodus Rabbah, Exploration, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Feldheim Publishers, Fez, Morocco, Frankfurt, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Garden of Eden, Gateshead, Góra Kalwaria, Gefen Publishing House, Gemara, Genesis Rabbah, Geonim, George Eliot, Gerah, Gerhard von Rad, Germany, Goat, God in Judaism, Gold, Golden calf, Gram, Grand Rapids, Michigan, Gunther Plaut, Hadad, Haftarah, Hanina bar Hama, Harold Bloom, Harry Freedman (rabbi), Harvey J. Fields, Hebrew calendar, Hebrew language, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Heresy of Peor, Hezekiah ben Manoah, HuffPost, Incense, Incipit, Interpreter's Bible series, Isaac Abarbanel, Isaac ben Moses Arama, Israelis, Israelites, Istanbul, Italians, Jacob, Jacob B. Agus, Jacob ben Asher, Jacob Neusner, James Kugel, Jason Aronson, Jeffrey H. Tigay, Jerusalem Talmud, Jewish eschatology, Jewish holidays, Jewish Lights Publishing, Jewish prayer, Jews, Joe Lieberman, Johanan bar Nappaha, John H. Walton, Jonathan Sacks, Josephus, Josiah, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Journal of Biblical Literature, Judah bar Ezekiel, Judah ha-Nasi, Judaica Press, Judaism, Judith Plaskow, Julius Popper, Julius Wellhausen, Karaite Judaism, Kilogram, Kohen, Korban, Kraków, Lanham, Maryland, Lapis lazuli, Legend of Keret, Leviathan (Hobbes book), Levite, Lexington, Kentucky, Linen, Louis Ginzberg, Lublin, Lunisolar calendar, Magdala, Maimonides, Manna, Marc Zvi Brettler, Me'am Lo'ez, Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, Menorah (Temple), Michael Coogan, Michael Fishbane, Michael Friedländer, Middle Ages, Midrash, Mina (unit), Miriam, Mishnah, Mitzvah, Monkwearmouth, Monsey, New York, Moses, Moshe Alshich, Nachman of Breslov, Nachmanides, Nahum M. Sarna, Nechama Leibowitz, Netherlands, New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh, New York City, New York University Press, Nissan, Northvale, New Jersey, Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno, Oholiab, Olive oil, Ounce, Oxford University Press, Padua, Paris, Passover sacrifice, Pekudei, Pheme Perkins, Philistines, Philo, Pim weight, Pinchas Hacohen Peli, Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland, Pound (mass), Protestantism, Psalms, Rabbi, Rabbi Isaac Nappaha, Rabbi Ishmael, Rabbinical Assembly, Rashbam, Rashi, Rav Chisda, Rav Huna, Rav Yosef b. Hiyya, Red heifer, Reform Judaism, Reuven Hammer, Robert Alter, Romania, Safed, Samson Raphael Hirsch, Samuel ben Nahman, Samuel David Luzzatto, Samuel of Nehardea, Seder Olam Rabbah, Sefer ha-Chinuch, Sefer Torah, Sephardi Jews, Shabbat, Shabbat (Talmud), Shai Held, Sheffield, Shekel, Shekhinah, Shir ha-Shirim Zutta, Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz, Shmuel Herzfeld, Siddur Sim Shalom, Silver, Simchat Torah, Society of Biblical Literature, Solomon, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Southfield, Michigan, Special Shabbat, Spice, Stoning, Tabernacle, Tablet (magazine), Talent (measurement), Talmud, Tamara Cohn Eskenazi, Tanhuma, Tanhuma bar Abba, Targum Press, Temple in Jerusalem, The Guide for the Perplexed, The Jerusalem Report, Theology, Thomas Hobbes, Tiberias, Tishrei, Torah reading, Tosefta, Triennial cycle, Troyes, Ugarit, Ugaritic, Ukraine, Umberto Cassuto, Union for Reform Judaism, University of Pennsylvania, Urim Publications, Walter Brueggemann, Walter Jacob, Week, Weekly Torah portion, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, William G. Dever, William W. Hallo, William Whiston, Wood, Woodstock, Vermont, Yaakov Elman, Yarn, Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter, Yom Kippur, Zohar, Zondervan. Expand index (244 more) »
Aaron
Aaron is a prophet, high priest, and the brother of Moses in the Abrahamic religions (elder brother in the case of Judaism).
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Abba Arika
Abba Arikha (175–247) (Talmudic Aramaic: אבא אריכא; born: Abba bar Aybo, רב אבא בר איבו) was a Jewish Talmudist who was born and lived in Kafri, Sassanid Babylonia, known as an amora (commentator on the Oral Law) of the 3rd century who established at Sura the systematic study of the rabbinic traditions, which, using the Mishnah as text, led to the compilation of the Talmud.
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Abila (Peraea)
Abila (ابيلا) – also biblical: Abel-Shittim or Ha-Shittim (or simply Shittim) – was an ancient city east of the Jordan River in Moab, later Peraea, near Livias, about twelve km.
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Abraham ibn Ezra
Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra (אַבְרָהָם אִבְּן עֶזְרָא or ראב"ע; ابن عزرا; also known as Abenezra or Aben Ezra, 1089–c.1167) was one of the most distinguished Jewish biblical commentators and philosophers of the Middle Ages.
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Abraham Joshua Heschel
Abraham Joshua Heschel (January 11, 1907 – December 23, 1972) was a Polish-born American rabbi and one of the leading Jewish theologians and Jewish philosophers of the 20th century.
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Abraham Kuenen
Abraham Kuenen (16 September 1828 – 10 December 1891) was a Dutch Protestant theologian, the son of an apothecary.
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Abraham Saba
Abraham Saba (1440–1508) was a preacher in Castile who became a pupil of Isaac de Leon.
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Acacia
Acacia, commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae.
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Adam Bede
Adam Bede, the first novel written by George Eliot (the pen name of Mary Ann Evans), was published in 1859.
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Adam Kirsch
Adam Kirsch (born 1976) is an American poet and literary critic.
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Adele Berlin
Adele Berlin is a biblical scholar.
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Adin Steinsaltz
Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz (עדין שטיינזלץ) or Adin Even Yisrael (born 1937) is a teacher, philosopher, social critic, and spiritual mentor, who has been hailed by Time magazine as a "once-in-a-millennium scholar".
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Alexandria
Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.
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Aliyah (Torah)
An aliyah (Hebrew עליה, or aliya and other variant English spellings) is the calling of a member of a Jewish congregation to the bimah for a segment of reading from the Torah.
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Almond
The almond (Prunus dulcis, syn. Prunus amygdalus) is a species of tree native to Mediterranean climate regions of the Middle East, from Syria and Turkey to India and Pakistan, although it has been introduced elsewhere.
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Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva (אותיות דרבי עקיבא, Otiot de-Rabbi Akiva) is a Midrash on the names of the letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
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Altar
An altar is any structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices are made for religious purposes, and by extension the 'Holy table' of post-reformation Anglican churches.
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Anchor Bible Series
The Anchor Bible project, consisting of a commentary series, Bible dictionary, and reference library, is a scholarly and commercial co-venture begun in 1956, when individual volumes in the commentary series began production.
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Andrea Weiss
Andrea Weiss is an American rabbi, author, and Assistant Professor of Bible at Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in New York, where she was ordained in 1993.
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Antiquities of the Jews
Antiquities of the Jews (Ἰουδαϊκὴ ἀρχαιολογία, Ioudaikē archaiologia; Antiquitates Judaicae), also Judean Antiquities (see Ioudaios), is a 20-volume historiographical work composed by the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus in the 13th year of the reign of Roman emperor Flavius Domitian which was around AD 93 or 94.
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Argentines
Argentines, also known as Argentinians (argentinos; feminine argentinas), are the citizens of the Argentine Republic, or their descendants abroad.
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Arthur Green
Arthur Green, whose Hebrew name is אברהם יצחק גרין, born March 21, 1941, is an American scholar of Jewish mysticism and Neo-Hasidic theologian.
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ArtScroll
ArtScroll is an imprint of translations, books and commentaries from an Orthodox Jewish perspective published by Mesorah Publications, Ltd., a publishing company based in Brooklyn, New York.
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Aryeh Kaplan
Aryeh Moshe Eliyahu Kaplan (אריה משה אליהו קפלן.; October 23, 1934 – January 28, 1983) was an American Orthodox rabbi and author known for his knowledge of physics and kabbalah.
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Ashkenazi Jews
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכְּנַזִּים, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation:, singular:, Modern Hebrew:; also), are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium.
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Athalya Brenner
Athalya Brenner-Idan (born 17 July, 1943 in Haifa, Israel) is a Dutch-Israeli biblical scholar.
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Atlanta
Atlanta is the capital city and most populous municipality of the state of Georgia in the United States.
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Baal
Baal,Oxford English Dictionary (1885), "" properly Baʿal, was a title and honorific meaning "lord" in the Northwest Semitic languages spoken in the Levant during antiquity. From its use among people, it came to be applied to gods. Scholars previously associated the theonym with solar cults and with a variety of unrelated patron deities, but inscriptions have shown that the name Baʿal was particularly associated with the storm and fertility god Hadad and his local manifestations. The Hebrew Bible, compiled and curated over a span of centuries, includes early use of the term in reference to God (known to them as Yahweh), generic use in reference to various Levantine deities, and finally pointed application towards Hadad, who was decried as a false god. That use was taken over into Christianity and Islam, sometimes under the opprobrious form Beelzebub in demonology.
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Bahya ben Asher
Bahya ben Asher ibn Halawa, also known as Rabbeinu Behaye (רבינו בחיי, 1340 – 1255), was a rabbi and scholar of Judaism.
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Bar-Ilan University
Bar-Ilan University (אוניברסיטת בר-אילן Universitat Bar-Ilan) is a public research university in the city of Ramat Gan in the Tel Aviv District, Israel.
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Baraita
Baraita (Aramaic: ברייתא "external" or "outside"; pl. Barayata or Baraitot; also Baraitha, Beraita; Ashkenazi: Beraisa) designates a tradition in the Jewish oral law not incorporated in the Mishnah.
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Bede
Bede (italic; 672/3 – 26 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable (Bēda Venerābilis), was an English Benedictine monk at the monastery of St.
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Benno Jacob
Benno Jacob (7 September 1862 – 24 January 1945) was a liberal rabbi and Bible scholar.
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Bezalel
In Exodus 31:1-6 and chapters 36 to 39, Bezalel (בְּצַלְאֵל, Bəṣalʼēl, also transcribed as Betzalel), was the chief artisan of the Tabernacle and was in charge of building the Ark of the Covenant, assisted by Aholiab.
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Biblical Mount Sinai
According to the Book of Exodus, Mount Sinai (Hebrew: הר סיני, Har Sinai) is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God.
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Biblical studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible (the Tanakh and the New Testament).
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Book of Exodus
The Book of Exodus or, simply, Exodus (from ἔξοδος, éxodos, meaning "going out"; וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמוֹת, we'elleh shəmōṯ, "These are the names", the beginning words of the text: "These are the names of the sons of Israel" וְאֵלֶּה שְׁמֹות בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל), is the second book of the Torah and the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) immediately following Genesis.
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Books of Chronicles
In the Christian Bible, the two Books of Chronicles (commonly referred to as 1 Chronicles and 2 Chronicles, or First Chronicles and Second Chronicles) generally follow the two Books of Kings and precede Ezra–Nehemiah, thus concluding the history-oriented books of the Old Testament, often referred to as the Deuteronomistic history.
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Books of Kings
The two Books of Kings, originally a single book, are the eleventh and twelfth books of the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament.
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Books of Samuel
The Books of Samuel, 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel.
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Brandeis University
Brandeis University is an American private research university in Waltham, Massachusetts, 9 miles (14 km) west of Boston.
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Bratslav
Bratslav (Брацлав; Bracław; בראָסלעוו, Broslev, today also pronounced Breslev or Breslov as the name of a Hasidic group, which originated from this town) is an urban-type settlement in Ukraine, located in Nemyriv Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, by the Southern Bug river.
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Breslov Research Institute
Breslov Research Institute is a publisher of classic and contemporary Breslov texts in English.
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C. B. Macpherson
Crawford Brough Macpherson (18 November 1911 – 22 July 1987) was an influential Canadian political scientist who taught political theory at the University of Toronto.
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Cairo
Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.
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Caleb
Caleb, sometimes transliterated as Kaleb (Kalev; Tiberian vocalization: Kālēḇ; Hebrew Academy: Kalev), is a figure who appears in the Hebrew Bible as a representative of the Tribe of Judah during the Israelites' journey to the Promised Land.
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Carol A. Newsom
Carol A. Newsom (born July 4, 1950) is an American biblical scholar, historian of ancient Judaism, and literary critic.
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Carol Meyers
Carol Lyons Meyers (born 1942) is a feminist biblical scholar.
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Chaim ibn Attar
Ḥayyim ben Moshe ibn Attar also known as the Or ha-Ḥayyim after his popular commentary on the Pentateuch, was a Talmudist and kabbalist; born at Meknes, Morocco, in 1696; died in Jerusalem, Ottoman Empire on 7 July 1743.
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Chapters and verses of the Bible
The Bible is a compilation of many shorter books written at different times by a variety of authors, and later assembled into the biblical canon.
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Charles Duke Yonge
Charles Duke Yonge (30 November 1812 – 30 November 1891) was an English historian, classicist and cricketer.
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Committee on Jewish Law and Standards
The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards is the central authority on halakha (Jewish law and tradition) within Conservative Judaism; it is one of the most active and widely known committees on the Conservative movement's Rabbinical Assembly.
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Conservative Judaism
Conservative Judaism (known as Masorti Judaism outside North America) is a major Jewish denomination, which views Jewish Law, or Halakha, as both binding and subject to historical development.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Daniel C. Matt
Daniel Chanan Matt is a scholar of Kabbalah and a professor at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley.
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Daniel S. Nevins
Daniel S. ("Danny") Nevins (born March 18, 1966) is an American rabbi and an adherent of the Conservative Movement who was named the Dean of the Rabbinical School of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America on January 29, 2007, succeeding Rabbi William Lebeau.
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David
David is described in the Hebrew Bible as the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah.
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David E. Stern
Rabbi David Eli Stern (born August 1961) is the senior rabbi at Temple Emanu-El of Dallas, the largest synagogue in the South/Southwest United States and the third-largest in the Union for Reform Judaism.
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David Klinghoffer
David Klinghoffer is an Orthodox Jewish author and essayist, and a proponent of the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design.
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Denver
Denver, officially the City and County of Denver, is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado.
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Deuteronomy Rabbah
Deuteronomy Rabbah (דברים רבה) is an aggadah or homiletic commentary on the Book of Deuteronomy.
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Duke University
Duke University is a private, non-profit, research university located in Durham, North Carolina.
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Ecclesiastes
Ecclesiastes (Greek: Ἐκκλησιαστής, Ekklēsiastēs, קֹהֶלֶת, qōheleṯ) is one of 24 books of the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible, where it is classified as one of the Ketuvim (or "Writings").
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Edward Goldman (professor)
Edward A. Goldman is a Talmudic scholar.
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Edward Taylor
Edward Taylor (1642June 29, 1729) was of English origin and a colonial American poet, pastor and physician.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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El (deity)
(or ’Il, written aleph-lamed, e.g. 𐎛𐎍; 𐤀𐤋; אל; ܐܠ; إل or rtl; cognate to ilu) is a Northwest Semitic word meaning "god" or "deity", or referring (as a proper name) to any one of multiple major Ancient Near East deities.
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Eli (biblical figure)
Eli (meaning "Ascent" or "above"; Ἠλί Ēli; Heli) was, according to the Books of Samuel, a High Priest of Shiloh.
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Elie Munk
Elie Munk (1900–1981), was a German-born French rabbi and rabbinic scholar, "a scion of a long and distinguished line of German rabbis and scholars".
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Ellen Frankel
Ellen Frankel (born 1951) was the editor-in-chief of the Jewish Publication Society (JPS) from 1991 until 2009, and also served as CEO of the JPS for 10 years.
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Elyse Goldstein
Elyse Goldstein is the first woman to be elected as president of the interdenominational Toronto Board of Rabbis and president of the Reform Rabbis of Greater Toronto.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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Exodus Rabbah
Exodus Rabbah (Hebrew: שמות רבה, Shemot Rabbah) is the midrash to Exodus.
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Exploration
Exploration is the act of searching for the purpose of discovery of information or resources.
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Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger W. Straus, Jr. and John C. Farrar.
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Feldheim Publishers
Feldheim Publishers (or Feldheim) is an American Orthodox Jewish publisher of Torah books and literature.
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Fez, Morocco
Fez (فاس, Berber: Fas, ⴼⴰⵙ, Fès) is a city in northern inland Morocco and the capital of the Fas-Meknas administrative region.
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Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially the City of Frankfurt am Main ("Frankfurt on the Main"), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.
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G. P. Putnam's Sons
G.
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Garden of Eden
The Garden of Eden (Hebrew גַּן עֵדֶן, Gan ʿEḏen) or (often) Paradise, is the biblical "garden of God", described most notably in the Book of Genesis chapters 2 and 3, and also in the Book of Ezekiel.
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Gateshead
Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England, on the southern bank of the River Tyne opposite Newcastle upon Tyne.
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Góra Kalwaria
Góra Kalwaria is a town on the Vistula River in the Mazovian Voivodship, Poland, about southeast of Warsaw.
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Gefen Publishing House
The Gefen Publishing House is an English language publishing firm located in Jerusalem, Israel as well as having a department in New York City.
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Gemara
The Gemara (also transliterated Gemora, Gemarah, or, less commonly, Gemorra; from Hebrew, from the Aramaic verb gamar, study) is the component of the Talmud comprising rabbinical analysis of and commentary on the Mishnah.
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Genesis Rabbah
Genesis Rabba (Hebrew:, B'reshith Rabba) is a religious text from Judaism's classical period, probably written between 300 and 500 CE with some later additions.
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Geonim
Geonim (גאונים;; also transliterated Gaonim- singular Gaon) were the presidents of the two great Babylonian, Talmudic Academies of Sura and Pumbedita, in the Abbasid Caliphate, and were the generally accepted spiritual leaders of the Jewish community worldwide in the early medieval era, in contrast to the Resh Galuta (Exilarch) who wielded secular authority over the Jews in Islamic lands.
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George Eliot
Mary Anne Evans (22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880; alternatively "Mary Ann" or "Marian"), known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist, poet, journalist, translator, and one of the leading writers of the Victorian era.
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Gerah
A gerah Hebrew "גרה" is an ancient Hebrew unit of weight and currency, which, according to the Bible, Exodus, 30:13, was equivalent to 1/40th of a shekel.
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Gerhard von Rad
Gerhard von Rad (21 October 1901 – 31 October 1971) was a German theologian, academic, and University of Heidelberg professor.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Goat
The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.
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God in Judaism
In Judaism, God has been conceived in a variety of ways.
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Gold
Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally.
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Golden calf
According to the Bible, the golden calf (עֵגֶּל הַזָהָב ‘ēggel hazāhāv) was an idol (a cult image) made by the Israelites during Moses' absence, when he went up to Mount Sinai.
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Gram
The gram (alternative spelling: gramme; SI unit symbol: g) (Latin gramma, from Greek γράμμα, grámma) is a metric system unit of mass.
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Grand Rapids, Michigan
Grand Rapids is the second-largest city in Michigan, and the largest city in West Michigan.
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Gunther Plaut
Wolf Gunther Plaut, (November 1, 1912 – February 8, 2012) was a Reform rabbi and author.
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Hadad
Hadad (𐎅𐎄), Adad, Haddad (Akkadian) or Iškur (Sumerian) was the storm and rain god in the Northwest Semitic and ancient Mesopotamian religions.
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Haftarah
The haftarah or (in Ashkenazic pronunciation) haftorah (alt. haphtara, Hebrew: הפטרה; "parting," "taking leave", plural haftoros or haftorot is a series of selections from the books of Nevi'im ("Prophets") of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) that is publicly read in synagogue as part of Jewish religious practice. The Haftarah reading follows the Torah reading on each Sabbath and on Jewish festivals and fast days. Typically, the haftarah is thematically linked to the parasha (Torah portion) that precedes it. The haftarah is sung in a chant (known as "trope" in Yiddish or "Cantillation" in English). Related blessings precede and follow the Haftarah reading. The origin of haftarah reading is lost to history, and several theories have been proposed to explain its role in Jewish practice, suggesting it arose in response to the persecution of the Jews under Antiochus Epiphanes which preceded the Maccabean revolt, wherein Torah reading was prohibited,Rabinowitz, Louis. "Haftarah." Encyclopaedia Judaica. Eds. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 8. 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. 198-200. 22 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. or that it was "instituted against the Samaritans, who denied the canonicity of the Prophets (except for Joshua), and later against the Sadducees." Another theory is that it was instituted after some act of persecution or other disaster in which the synagogue Torah scrolls were destroyed or ruined - it was forbidden to read the Torah portion from any but a ritually fit parchment scroll, but there was no such requirement about a reading from Prophets, which was then "substituted as a temporary expedient and then remained." The Talmud mentions that a haftarah was read in the presence of Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus, who lived c.70 CE, and that by the time of Rabbah (the 3rd century) there was a "Scroll of Haftarot", which is not further described, and in the Christian New Testament several references suggest this Jewish custom was in place during that era.
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Hanina bar Hama
Hanina bar Hama (died c. 250) (Hebrew: חנינא בר חמא) was a Jewish Talmudist, halakist and haggadist frequently quoted in the Babylonian and the Jerusalem Talmud, and in the Midrashim.
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Harold Bloom
Harold Bloom (born July 11, 1930) is an American literary critic and Sterling Professor of Humanities at Yale University.
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Harry Freedman (rabbi)
Harry Mordecai Freedman (17 October 1901 – 4 December 1982) was a rabbi, author, translator, and teacher.
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Harvey J. Fields
For the American politician from Louisiana, see Harvey Fields. Harvey J. Fields (1935–2014) was an American Reform rabbi.
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Hebrew calendar
The Hebrew or Jewish calendar (Ha-Luah ha-Ivri) is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances.
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Hebrew language
No description.
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Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים, Ha-Universita ha-Ivrit bi-Yerushalayim; الجامعة العبرية في القدس, Al-Jami'ah al-Ibriyyah fi al-Quds; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second oldest university, established in 1918, 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel.
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Heresy of Peor
The heresy of Peor is an event related in the Torah at Numbers 25:1–15.
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Hezekiah ben Manoah
Hezekiah ben Manoah (13th century) or Hezekiah bar Manoah, known as the Chizkuni (חזקוני) was a French rabbi and student.
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HuffPost
HuffPost (formerly The Huffington Post and sometimes abbreviated HuffPo) is a liberal American news and opinion website and blog that has both localized and international editions.
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Incense
Incense is aromatic biotic material which releases fragrant smoke when burned.
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Incipit
The incipit of a text is the first few words of the text, employed as an identifying label.
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Interpreter's Bible series
The Interpreter's Bible series is a Biblical criticism series published by United Methodist Publishing (Abingdon/Cokesbury) beginning in the 1950s.
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Isaac Abarbanel
Isaac ben Judah Abarbanel (Hebrew: יצחק בן יהודה אברבנאל;‎ 1437–1508), commonly referred to as Abarbanel (אַבַּרבְּנְאֵל), also spelled Abravanel, Avravanel or Abrabanel, was a Portuguese Jewish statesman, philosopher, Bible commentator, and financier.
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Isaac ben Moses Arama
Isaac ben Moses Arama (1420 – 1494) was a Spanish rabbi and author.
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Israelis
Israelis (ישראלים Yiśraʾelim, الإسرائيليين al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel, a multiethnic state populated by people of different ethnic backgrounds.
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Israelites
The Israelites (בני ישראל Bnei Yisra'el) were a confederation of Iron Age Semitic-speaking tribes of the ancient Near East, who inhabited a part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
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Italians
The Italians (Italiani) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to the Italian peninsula.
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Jacob
Jacob, later given the name Israel, is regarded as a Patriarch of the Israelites.
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Jacob B. Agus
Jacob B. Agus (November 8, 1911 – September 26, 1986) was a Polish American liberal Conservative rabbi and theologian who played a key role in the Conservative Rabbinical Assembly.
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Jacob ben Asher
Jacob ben Asher, also known as Ba'al ha-Turim as well as Rabbi Yaakov ben Raash (Rabbeinu Asher), was probably born in the Holy Roman Empire at Cologne about 1269 and probably died at Toledo, then in the Kingdom of Castile, about 1343.
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Jacob Neusner
Jacob Neusner (July 28, 1932 – October 8, 2016) was an American academic scholar of Judaism.
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James Kugel
James L. Kugel (Hebrew: Yaakov Kaduri, יעקב כדורי; born August 22, 1945) is Professor Emeritus in the Bible Department at Bar Ilan University in Israel and the Harry M. Starr Professor Emeritus of Classical and Modern Hebrew Literature at Harvard University.
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Jason Aronson
Jason Aronson is an American publisher of books in the field of psychotherapy.
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Jeffrey H. Tigay
Jeffrey Howard Tigay (born December 25, 1941) is a modern biblical scholar who is best known for the study of Deuteronomy and in his contributions to the Deuteronomy volume of the JPS Torah Commentary (1996).
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Jerusalem Talmud
The Jerusalem Talmud (תַּלְמוּד יְרוּשַׁלְמִי, Talmud Yerushalmi, often Yerushalmi for short), also known as the Palestinian Talmud or Talmuda de-Eretz Yisrael (Talmud of the Land of Israel), is a collection of Rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah.
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Jewish eschatology
Jewish eschatology is the area of theology and philosophy concerned with events that will happen in the end of days and related concepts, according to the Hebrew Bible and Jewish thought.
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Jewish holidays
Jewish holidays, also known as Jewish festivals or Yamim Tovim ("Good Days", or singular Yom Tov, in transliterated Hebrew), are holidays observed in Judaism and by JewsThis article focuses on practices of mainstream Rabbinic Judaism.
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Jewish Lights Publishing
Jewish Lights Publishing is a publishing company.
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Jewish prayer
Jewish prayer (תְּפִלָּה, tefillah; plural תְּפִלּוֹת, tefillot; Yiddish תּפֿלה tfile, plural תּפֿלות tfilles; Yinglish: davening from Yiddish דאַוון daven ‘pray’) are the prayer recitations and Jewish meditation traditions that form part of the observance of Rabbinic Judaism.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Joe Lieberman
Joseph Isadore Lieberman (born February 24, 1942) is an American politician and attorney who was a United States Senator for Connecticut from 1989 to 2013.
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Johanan bar Nappaha
Johanan bar Nappaha (יוחנן בר נפחא Yoḥanan bar Nafḥa) (also known simply as Rabbi Johanan, or as Johanan bar Nafcha, "Johanan son blacksmith") (lived 180–279 CE) was a rabbi in the early era of the Talmud.
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John H. Walton
John H. Walton (born 1952) is an Old Testament scholar and Professor at Wheaton College.
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Jonathan Sacks
Jonathan Henry Sacks, Baron Sacks, (Hebrew: Yaakov Zvi, יעקב צבי; born 8 March 1948) is a British Orthodox rabbi, philosopher, theologian, author and politician.
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Josephus
Titus Flavius Josephus (Φλάβιος Ἰώσηπος; 37 – 100), born Yosef ben Matityahu (יוסף בן מתתיהו, Yosef ben Matityahu; Ἰώσηπος Ματθίου παῖς), was a first-century Romano-Jewish scholar, historian and hagiographer, who was born in Jerusalem—then part of Roman Judea—to a father of priestly descent and a mother who claimed royal ancestry.
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Josiah
Josiah or Yoshiyahu was a seventh-century BCE king of Judah (c. 649–609) who, according to the Hebrew Bible, instituted major religious reforms.
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Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
The Journal for the Study of the Old Testament is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the field of biblical studies.
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Journal of Biblical Literature
The Journal of Biblical Literature (JBL) is one of three academic journals published by the Society of Biblical Literature (SBL).
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Judah bar Ezekiel
Judah bar Ezekiel (220–299 CE) (Hebrew: יהודה בן יחזקאל; also known as Rav Yehuda bar Ezekiel) was a Babylonian amora of the 2nd generation.
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Judah ha-Nasi
Judah ha-Nasi (יהודה הנשיא, Yehudah HaNasi or Judah the Prince) or Judah I, also known as Rabbi or Rabbenu HaQadosh ("our Master, the holy one"), was a second-century rabbi and chief redactor and editor of the Mishnah.
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Judaica Press
Judaica Press is an Orthodox Jewish publishing house founded in New York City in 1963 by S. Goldman, and then taken over by his son Jack Goldman in response to the growing demand for books of scholarship in the English-speaking Jewish world.
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Judaism
Judaism (originally from Hebrew, Yehudah, "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is the religion of the Jewish people.
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Judith Plaskow
Judith Plaskow (born March 14, 1947 in Brooklyn) is Professor of Religious Studies at Manhattan College.
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Julius Popper
Julius Popper (December 15, 1857 – June 5, 1893), also known in Spanish as Julio Popper, was a Romanian-born Argentine engineer, adventurer and explorer.
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Julius Wellhausen
Julius Wellhausen (17 May 1844 – 7 January 1918) was a German biblical scholar and orientalist.
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Karaite Judaism
Karaite Judaism or Karaism (also spelt Qaraite Judaism or Qaraism) is a Jewish religious movement characterized by the recognition of the Tanakh alone as its supreme authority in Halakha (Jewish religious law) and theology.
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Kilogram
The kilogram or kilogramme (symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), and is defined as being equal to the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK, also known as "Le Grand K" or "Big K"), a cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy stored by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Saint-Cloud, France.
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Kohen
Kohen or cohen (or kohein; כֹּהֵן kohén, "priest", pl. kohaním, "priests") is the Hebrew word for "priest" used colloquially in reference to the Aaronic priesthood.
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Korban
In Judaism, the korban (קָרְבָּן qārbān), also spelled qorban or corban, is any of a variety of sacrificial offerings described and commanded in the Torah.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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Lanham, Maryland
Lanham is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland.
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Lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli, or lapis for short, is a deep blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.
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Legend of Keret
The Legend of Keret, also known as the Epic of King Keret, is an ancient Ugaritic epic poem, dated to Late Bronze Age, circa 1500 – 1200 BC.
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Leviathan (Hobbes book)
Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil—commonly referred to as Leviathan—is a book written by Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) and published in 1651 (revised Latin edition 1668). Its name derives from the biblical Leviathan. The work concerns the structure of society and legitimate government, and is regarded as one of the earliest and most influential examples of social contract theory. Leviathan ranks as a classic western work on statecraft comparable to Machiavelli's The Prince. Written during the English Civil War (1642–1651), Leviathan argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a state of nature ("the war of all against all") could only be avoided by strong, undivided government.
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Levite
A Levite or Levi is a Jewish male whose descent is traced by tradition to Levi.
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Lexington, Kentucky
Lexington, consolidated with Fayette County and often denoted as Lexington-Fayette, is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 60th-largest city in the United States.
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Linen
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant.
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Louis Ginzberg
Rabbi Louis Ginzberg (לוי גינצבורג, Levy Gintzburg, November 28, 1873 – November 11, 1953) was a Talmudist and leading figure in the Conservative Movement of Judaism of the twentieth century.
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Lublin
Lublin (Lublinum) is the ninth largest city in Poland and the second largest city of Lesser Poland.
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Lunisolar calendar
A lunisolar calendar is a calendar in many cultures whose date indicates both the moon phase and the time of the solar year.
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Magdala
Magdala (Aramaic: מגדלא / Magdala, meaning "tower"; Hebrew: מגדל / Migdal; Arabic: المجدل / al-Majdal) was an ancient city on the shore of the Sea of Galilee.
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Maimonides
Moses ben Maimon (Mōšeh bēn-Maymūn; موسى بن ميمون Mūsā bin Maymūn), commonly known as Maimonides (Μαϊμωνίδης Maïmōnídēs; Moses Maimonides), and also referred to by the acronym Rambam (for Rabbeinu Mōšeh bēn Maimun, "Our Rabbi Moses son of Maimon"), was a medieval Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.
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Manna
Manna (מָן mān,; المَنّ., گزانگبین), sometimes or archaically spelled mana, is an edible substance which God provided for the Israelites during their travels in the desert during the forty-year period following the Exodus and prior to the conquest of Canaan.
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Marc Zvi Brettler
Marc Brettler (Marc Zvi Brettler) is an American biblical scholar, and the Bernice and Morton Lerner Professor in Judaic Studies at Duke University.
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Me'am Lo'ez
Me'am Lo'ez (מעם לועז), initiated by Rabbi Yaakov Culi in 1730, is a widely studied commentary on the Tanakh written in Ladino.
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Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
Mekhilta or Mekilta (Aramaic: מכילתא, a collection of rules of interpretation) is a halakhic midrash to the Book of Exodus.
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Menorah (Temple)
The menorah (מְנוֹרָה) is described in the Bible as the seven-lamp (six branches) ancient Hebrew lampstand made of pure gold and used in the portable sanctuary set up by Moses in the wilderness and later in the Temple in Jerusalem.
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Michael Coogan
Michael D. Coogan is lecturer on Hebrew Bible/Old Testament at Harvard Divinity School, Director of Publications for the Harvard Semitic Museum, editor-in-chief of Oxford Biblical Studies Online, and professor emeritus of religious studies at Stonehill College.
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Michael Fishbane
Michael A. Fishbane (born 1943) is an American scholar of Judaism and rabbinic literature.
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Michael Friedländer
Michael Friedländer (April 29, 1833 – December 10, 1910) was an Orientalist and principal of Jews' College, London.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Midrash
In Judaism, the midrash (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. מִדְרָשׁ; pl. מִדְרָשִׁים midrashim) is the genre of rabbinic literature which contains early interpretations and commentaries on the Written Torah and Oral Torah (spoken law and sermons), as well as non-legalistic rabbinic literature (aggadah) and occasionally the Jewish religious laws (halakha), which usually form a running commentary on specific passages in the Hebrew Scripture (Tanakh).
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Mina (unit)
The mina (also mĕnē, Aramaic) is an ancient Near Eastern unit of weight, which was divided into 50 shekels.
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Miriam
Miriam is described in the Hebrew Bible as the daughter of Amram and Yocheved, and the sister of Moses and Aaron.
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Mishnah
The Mishnah or Mishna (מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah, or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions known as the "Oral Torah".
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Mitzvah
In its primary meaning, the Hebrew word (meaning "commandment",,, Biblical:; plural, Biblical:; from "command") refers to precepts and commandments commanded by God.
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Monkwearmouth
Monkwearmouth is an area of Sunderland located at the north side of the mouth of the River Wear.
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Monsey, New York
Monsey is a hamlet and census-designated place in the town of Ramapo, Rockland County, New York, United States, located north of Airmont; east of Viola; south of New Hempstead; and west of Spring Valley.
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Moses
Mosesמֹשֶׁה, Modern Tiberian ISO 259-3; ܡܘܫܐ Mūše; موسى; Mωϋσῆς was a prophet in the Abrahamic religions.
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Moshe Alshich
Moshe Alshich משה אלשיך, also spelled Alshech, (1508–1593), known as the Alshich Hakadosh (the Holy), was a prominent rabbi, preacher, and biblical commentator in the latter part of the 16th century.
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Nachman of Breslov
Nachman of Breslov (נחמן מברסלב), also known as Reb Nachman of Bratslav, Reb Nachman Breslover (רבי נחמן ברעסלאווער), Nachman from Uman (April 4, 1772 – October 16, 1810), was the founder of the Breslov Hasidic movement.
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Nachmanides
Moses ben Nahman (מֹשֶׁה בֶּן־נָחְמָן Mōšeh ben-Nāḥmān, "Moses son of Nahman"; 1194–1270), commonly known as Nachmanides (Ναχμανίδης Nakhmanídēs), and also referred to by the acronym Ramban and by the contemporary nickname Bonastruc ça Porta (literally "Mazel Tov near the Gate", see wikt:ca:astruc), was a leading medieval Jewish scholar, Sephardic rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator.
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Nahum M. Sarna
Nahum Mattathias Sarna (Hebrew: נחום סרנא; March 27, 1923 – June 23, 2005) was a modern biblical scholar who is best known for the study of Genesis and Exodus represented in his Understanding Genesis (1966) and in his contributions to the first two volumes of the JPS Torah Commentary (1989/91).
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Nechama Leibowitz
Nechama Leibowitz (נחמה ליבוביץ׳; September 3, 1905 – 12 April 1997) was a noted Israeli Bible scholar and commentator who rekindled interest in Bible study.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh
The New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh, first published in complete form in 1985, is a modern Jewish translation of the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible into English.
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New York City
The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.
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New York University Press
New York University Press (or NYU Press) is a university press that is part of New York University.
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Nissan
, usually shortened to Nissan (or; Japanese), is a Japanese multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama.
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Northvale, New Jersey
Northvale is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.
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Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno
Ovadia ben Jacob Sforno (Obadja Sforno, Hebrew: עובדיה ספורנו) was an Italian rabbi, Biblical commentator, philosopher and physician.
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Oholiab
In the Hebrew Bible, Oholiab (’Āholî’āḇ, "father's tent"), son of Ahisamakh, of the tribe of Dan, worked under Bezalel as the deputy architect of the Tabernacle and the implements which it housed, including the Ark of the Covenant.
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Olive oil
Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained from olives (the fruit of Olea europaea; family Oleaceae), a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin.
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Ounce
The ounce (abbreviated oz; apothecary symbol: ℥) is a unit of mass, weight, or volume used in most British derived customary systems of measurement.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Padua
Padua (Padova; Pàdova) is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Passover sacrifice
The Passover sacrifice (קרבן פסח Korban Pesakh), also known as the "sacrifice of Passover", the Paschal Lamb, or the Passover Lamb, is the sacrifice that the Torah mandates Jews and Samaritans to ritually slaughter on the eve of Passover, and eat on the first night of the holiday with bitter herbs and matzo.
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Pekudei
Pekudei, Pekude, Pekudey, P'kude, or P'qude (— Hebrew for "amounts of," the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 23rd weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the 11th and last in the Book of Exodus.
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Pheme Perkins
Pheme Perkins (born 1945 in Louisville, Kentucky) is a Professor of Theology at Boston College, where she has been teaching since 1972.
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Philistines
The Philistines were an ancient people known for their conflict with the Israelites described in the Bible.
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Philo
Philo of Alexandria (Phílōn; Yedidia (Jedediah) HaCohen), also called Philo Judaeus, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher who lived in Alexandria, in the Roman province of Egypt.
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Pim weight
Pim weight, a polished stone about 15 mm (5/8 inch) diameter, equal to about two-thirds of a Hebrew shekel.
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Pinchas Hacohen Peli
Pinchas Hacohen Peli (1930-1989) was an Israeli modern Orthodox rabbi, essayist, poet, and scholar of Judaism and Jewish philosophy.
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Piotrków Trybunalski
Piotrków Trybunalski (also known by alternative names) is a city in central Poland with 74,694 inhabitants (2016).
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Pound (mass)
The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in the imperial, United States customary and other systems of measurement.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Psalms
The Book of Psalms (תְּהִלִּים or, Tehillim, "praises"), commonly referred to simply as Psalms or "the Psalms", is the first book of the Ketuvim ("Writings"), the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.
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Rabbi
In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah.
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Rabbi Isaac Nappaha
Rabbi Isaac the smith or Isaac Nappaha (Hebrew rav Yitzhak nappaha, רבי יצחק נפחא) was a second generation Galilean Amora.
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Rabbi Ishmael
Rabbi Yishmael "Ba'al HaBaraita" or Yishmael ben Elisha (90-135 CE, Hebrew: רבי ישמעאל בעל הברייתא) was a Tanna of the 1st and 2nd centuries (third tannaitic generation).
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Rabbinical Assembly
The Rabbinical Assembly (RA) is the international association of Conservative rabbis.
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Rashbam
Samuel ben Meir (Troyes, c. 1085 – c. 1158) after his death known as "Rashbam", a Hebrew acronym for: RAbbi SHmuel Ben Meir, was a leading French Tosafist and grandson of Shlomo Yitzhaki, "Rashi.".
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Rashi
Shlomo Yitzchaki (רבי שלמה יצחקי; Salomon Isaacides; Salomon de Troyes, 22 February 1040 – 13 July 1105), today generally known by the acronym Rashi (רש"י, RAbbi SHlomo Itzhaki), was a medieval French rabbi and author of a comprehensive commentary on the Talmud and commentary on the ''Tanakh''.
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Rav Chisda
Rav Chisda (Hebrew: רב חסדא) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Kafri, Babylonia, near what is now the city of Najaf, Iraq.
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Rav Huna
Rav Huna (Hebrew: רב הונא) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, known as an amora of the second generation and head of the Academy of Sura; he was born about 216 and died in 296-297 (608 of the Seleucidan era).
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Rav Yosef b. Hiyya
Rav Yosef b. Hiyya (רב יוסף בר חייא) was a Jewish Amora sage of Babylon of the third generation of the Amoraim.
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Red heifer
The red heifer (פָרָה אֲדֻמָּה; para adumma), also known as the red cow, was a cow brought to the priests as a sacrifice according to the Hebrew Bible, and its ashes were used for the ritual purification of Tum'at HaMet ("the impurity of the dead"), that is, an Israelite who had come into contact with a corpse.
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Reform Judaism
Reform Judaism (also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism) is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of the faith, the superiority of its ethical aspects to the ceremonial ones, and a belief in a continuous revelation not centered on the theophany at Mount Sinai.
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Reuven Hammer
Reuven Hammer (born 1933, Syracuse, New York) is a Conservative rabbi, scholar of Jewish liturgy, author and lecturer.
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Robert Alter
Robert Bernard Alter (born 1935) is an American professor of Hebrew and comparative literature at the University of California, Berkeley, where he has taught since 1967.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Safed
Safed (צְפַת Tsfat, Ashkenazi: Tzfas, Biblical: Ṣ'fath; صفد, Ṣafad) is a city in the Northern District of Israel.
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Samson Raphael Hirsch
Samson Raphael Hirsch (June 20, 1808 – December 31, 1888) was a German Orthodox rabbi best known as the intellectual founder of the Torah im Derech Eretz school of contemporary Orthodox Judaism.
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Samuel ben Nahman
Samuel ben Nahman (שמואל בן נחמן) or Samuel Nahmani (שמואל נחמני) was a rabbi of the Talmud, known as an amora, who lived in the Land of Israel from the beginning of the 3rd century until the beginning of the 4th century.
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Samuel David Luzzatto
Samuel David Luzzatto (שמואל דוד לוצאטו) was an Italian Jewish scholar, poet, and a member of the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement.
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Samuel of Nehardea
Samuel of Nehardea or Samuel bar Abba (Hebrew: שמואל or שמואל ירחינאה) was a Jewish Talmudist who lived in Babylonia, known as an Amora of the first generation; son of Abba bar Abba and head of the Yeshiva at Nehardea.
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Seder Olam Rabbah
Seder Olam Rabbah (סדר עולם רבה, "The Great Order of the World") is a 2nd-century CE Hebrew language chronology detailing the dates of biblical events from the Creation to Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia.
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Sefer ha-Chinuch
The Sefer ha-Chinuch (ספר החינוך, "Book of Education"), often simply "the Chinuch" is a work which systematically discusses the 613 commandments of the Torah.
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Sefer Torah
A Sefer Torah (ספר תורה; "Book of Torah" or "Torah scroll"; plural: Sifrei Torah) is a handwritten copy of the Torah, the holiest book in Judaism.
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Sephardi Jews
Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (סְפָרַדִּים, Modern Hebrew: Sefaraddim, Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm; also Ye'hude Sepharad, lit. "The Jews of Spain"), originally from Sepharad, Spain or the Iberian peninsula, are a Jewish ethnic division.
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Shabbat
Shabbat (שַׁבָּת, "rest" or "cessation") or Shabbos (Ashkenazi Hebrew and שבת), or the Sabbath is Judaism's day of rest and seventh day of the week, on which religious Jews, Samaritans and certain Christians (such as Seventh-day Adventists, the 7th Day movement and Seventh Day Baptists) remember the Biblical creation of the heavens and the earth in six days and the Exodus of the Hebrews, and look forward to a future Messianic Age.
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Shabbat (Talmud)
Shabbat (שבת) is the first tractate (book) in the Order (Mishnaic section) of Moed, of the Mishnah and Talmud.
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Shai Held
Rabbi Dr.
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Sheffield
Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England.
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Shekel
Shekel (Akkadian: šiqlu or siqlu; שקל,. shekels or sheqalim) is any of several ancient units of weight or of currency.
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Shekhinah
The Shekhina(h) (also spelled Shekina(h), Schechina(h), or Shechina(h); שכינה) is the English transliteration of a Hebrew word meaning "dwelling" or "settling" and denotes the dwelling or settling of the divine presence of God.
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Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
Shir ha-Shirim Zutta (Hebrew: שיר השירים זוטא) is a midrash, or, rather, homiletic commentary, on Canticles; referred to in the various Yalḳuṭim and by the ancient Biblical commentators as "Midrash Shir ha-Shirim," or "Agadat Shir ha-Shirim.".
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Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz
Shlomo Ephraim ben Aaron Luntschitz (1550 – 21 April, 1619) was a rabbi and Torah commentator, best known for his Torah commentary Keli Yekar.
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Shmuel Herzfeld
Shmuel Herzfeld (born October 9, 1974) is an American Modern Orthodox rabbi.
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Siddur Sim Shalom
Siddur Sim Shalom refers to any siddur in a family of siddurim, Jewish prayerbooks, and related commentaries, published by the Rabbinical Assembly and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism.
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Silver
Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.
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Simchat Torah
Simchat Torah or Simhat Torah (Ashkenazi: Simchas Torah,, lit., "Rejoicing of/ Torah") is a Jewish holiday that celebrates and marks the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings, and the beginning of a new cycle.
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Society of Biblical Literature
The Society of Biblical Literature (SBL), founded in 1880 as the Society of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, is an American-based learned society dedicated to the academic study of the Bible and related ancient literature.
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Solomon
Solomon (שְׁלֹמֹה, Shlomoh), also called Jedidiah (Hebrew Yədidya), was, according to the Hebrew Bible, Quran, Hadith and Hidden Words, a fabulously wealthy and wise king of Israel who succeeded his father, King David. The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are circa 970 to 931 BCE, normally given in alignment with the dates of David's reign. He is described as the third king of the United Monarchy, which would break apart into the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah shortly after his death. Following the split, his patrilineal descendants ruled over Judah alone. According to the Talmud, Solomon is one of the 48 prophets. In the Quran, he is considered a major prophet, and Muslims generally refer to him by the Arabic variant Sulayman, son of David. The Hebrew Bible credits him as the builder of the First Temple in Jerusalem, beginning in the fourth year of his reign, using the vast wealth he had accumulated. He dedicated the temple to Yahweh, the God of Israel. He is portrayed as great in wisdom, wealth and power beyond either of the previous kings of the country, but also as a king who sinned. His sins included idolatry, marrying foreign women and, ultimately, turning away from Yahweh, and they led to the kingdom's being torn in two during the reign of his son Rehoboam. Solomon is the subject of many other later references and legends, most notably in the 1st-century apocryphal work known as the Testament of Solomon. In the New Testament, he is portrayed as a teacher of wisdom excelled by Jesus, and as arrayed in glory, but excelled by "the lilies of the field". In later years, in mostly non-biblical circles, Solomon also came to be known as a magician and an exorcist, with numerous amulets and medallion seals dating from the Hellenistic period invoking his name.
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Solomon ibn Gabirol
Solomon ibn Gabirol (also Solomon ben Judah; שלמה בן יהודה אבן גבירול Shlomo Ben Yehuda ibn Gabirol,; أبو أيوب سليمان بن يحيى بن جبيرول Abu Ayyub Sulayman bin Yahya bin Jabirul) was an 11th-century Andalusian poet and Jewish philosopher with a Neo-Platonic bent.
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Southfield, Michigan
Southfield is a city in Oakland County of the U.S. state of Michigan.
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Special Shabbat
Special Shabbatot are Jewish Shabbat days, on which special events are commemorated.
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Spice
A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food.
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Stoning
Stoning, or lapidation, is a method of capital punishment whereby a group throws stones at a person until the subject dies.
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Tabernacle
The Tabernacle (מִשְׁכַּן, mishkan, "residence" or "dwelling place"), according to the Tanakh, was the portable earthly dwelling place of God amongst the children of Israel from the time of the Exodus from Egypt through the conquering of the land of Canaan.
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Tablet (magazine)
Tablet is an American Jewish online magazine founded in 2009 by Jewish non-profit Nextbook.
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Talent (measurement)
The talent (talentum, from Ancient Greek: τάλαντον, talanton 'scale, balance, sum') was one of several ancient units of mass, a commercial weight, as well as corresponding units of value equivalent to these masses of a precious metal.
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Talmud
The Talmud (Hebrew: תַּלְמוּד talmūd "instruction, learning", from a root LMD "teach, study") is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law and theology.
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Tamara Cohn Eskenazi
Tamara Cohn Eskenazi is The Effie Wise Ochs Professor of Biblical Literature and History at the Reform Jewish seminary Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in Los Angeles.
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Tanhuma
Midrash Tanhuma (מדרש תנחומא) is the name given to three different collections of Pentateuch aggadot; two are extant, while the third is known only through citations.
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Tanhuma bar Abba
Tanhuma bar Abba (Hebrew: תנחומא בר אבא) was a Jewish amora of the 5th generation, one of the foremost haggadists of his time.
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Targum Press
Targum Press is an Orthodox Jewish English-language publishing company based in Jerusalem.
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Temple in Jerusalem
The Temple in Jerusalem was any of a series of structures which were located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem, the current site of the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque.
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The Guide for the Perplexed
The Guide for the Perplexed (מורה נבוכים, Moreh Nevukhim; دلالة الحائرين, dalālat al-ḥā’irīn, דלאל̈ת אלחאירין) is one of the three major works of Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, primarily known either as Maimonides or RAMBAM (רמב"ם).
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The Jerusalem Report
The Jerusalem Report is a fortnightly print and online news magazine that covers political, economic, social and cultural issues in Israel, the Middle East and the Jewish world.
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Theology
Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.
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Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy.
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Tiberias
Tiberias (טְבֶרְיָה, Tverya,; طبرية, Ṭabariyyah) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.
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Tishrei
Tishrei (or Tishri; תִּשְׁרֵי tishré or tishrí); from Akkadian tašrītu "Beginning", from šurrû "To begin") is the first month of the civil year (which starts on 1 Tishrei) and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year (which starts on 1 Nisan) in the Hebrew calendar. The name of the month is Babylonian. It is an autumn month of 30 days. Tishrei usually occurs in September–October on the Gregorian calendar. In the Hebrew Bible, before the Babylonian Exile, the month is called Ethanim (אֵתָנִים -). Edwin R. Thiele has concluded, in The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, that the ancient Kingdom of Judah counted years using the civil year starting in Tishrei, while the Kingdom of Israel counted years using the ecclesiastical new year starting in Nisan. Tishrei is the month used for the counting of the epoch year - i.e., the count of the year is incremented on 1 Tishrei.
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Torah reading
Torah reading is a Jewish religious tradition that involves the public reading of a set of passages from a Torah scroll.
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Tosefta
The Tosefta (Talmudic Aramaic: תוספתא, "supplement, addition") is a compilation of the Jewish oral law from the late 2nd century, the period of the Mishnah.
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Triennial cycle
The Triennial cycle of Torah reading may refer either a) to the historical practice in ancient Israel by which the entire Torah was read in serial fashion over a three-year period, or b) to the practice adopted by many Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist and Renewal congregations starting in the 19th and 20th Century, in which the traditional weekly Torah portions were divided into thirds, and in which one third of each weekly "parashah" of the annual system is read during the appropriate week of the calendar. There are 54 parashot in the annual cycle, and 141, 154, or 167 parashot in the triennial cycle as practiced in ancient Israel, as evidenced by scriptural references and fragments of recovered text. By the Middle Ages, the annual reading cycle was predominant, although the triennial cycle was still extant at the time, as noted by Jewish figures of the period, such as Benjamin of Tudela and Maimonides. Dating from Maimonides' codification of the parashot in his work Mishneh Torah in the 12th Century CE through the 19th Century, the majority of Jewish communities adhered to the annual cycle. In the 19th and 20th Centuries, many synagogues in the Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist and Renewal Jewish movements adopted a triennial system in order to shorten the weekly services and allow additional time for sermons, study, or discussion.
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Troyes
Troyes is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in north-central France.
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Ugarit
Ugarit (𐎜𐎂𐎗𐎚, ʼUgart; أُوغَارِيت Ūġārīt, alternatively أُوجَارِيت Ūǧārīt) was an ancient port city in northern Syria.
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Ugaritic
Ugaritic is an extinct Northwest Semitic language discovered by French archaeologists in 1929.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
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Umberto Cassuto
Umberto Cassuto, also known as Moshe David Cassuto (1883–1951), was a rabbi and Biblical scholar born in Florence, Italy.
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Union for Reform Judaism
The Union for Reform Judaism (until 2003: Union of American Hebrew Congregations), is the congregational arm of Reform Judaism in North America, founded in 1873 by Rabbi Isaac Mayer Wise.
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University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania (commonly known as Penn or UPenn) is a private Ivy League research university located in University City section of West Philadelphia.
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Urim Publications
Urim Publications, an independent publisher of Jewish interest books, is based in Jerusalem, Israel with an outlet in Brooklyn, New York.
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Walter Brueggemann
Walter Brueggemann (born March 11, 1933) is an American Protestant Old Testament scholar and theologian who is widely considered one of the most influential Old Testament scholars of the last several decades.
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Walter Jacob
Walter Jacob (born 1930) U.S. Reform rabbi was born in Augsburg, Germany, and immigrated to the United States in 1940.
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Week
A week is a time unit equal to seven days.
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Weekly Torah portion
The weekly Torah portion (פָּרָשַׁת הַשָּׁבוּעַ Parashat ha-Shavua), popularly just parashah (or parshah or parsha) and also known as a Sidra (or Sedra) is a section of the Torah (Five Books of Moses) used in Jewish liturgy during a single week.
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William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company
Wm.
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William G. Dever
William G. Dever (born November 27, 1933, Louisville, Kentucky) is an American archaeologist, specialising in the history of Israel and the Near East in Biblical times.
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William W. Hallo
William Wolfgang Hallo (March 9, 1928 – March, 27, 2015, Yale News, March 30, 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2017., The New Haven Register, Mar. 29, 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2017.) was professor of Assyriology and Babylonian Literature and curator of the Babylonian collection at Yale University.
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William Whiston
William Whiston (9 December 1667 – 22 August 1752) was an English theologian, historian, and mathematician, a leading figure in the popularisation of the ideas of Isaac Newton.
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Wood
Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants.
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Woodstock, Vermont
Woodstock is the shire town (county seat) of Windsor County, Vermont, United States.
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Yaakov Elman
Yaakov Elman (born 1943) is a professor of Talmud at Yeshiva University's Bernard Revel Graduate School of Jewish Studies where he holds the Herbert S. and Naomi Denenberg Chair in Talmudic Studies.
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Yarn
Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, or ropemaking.
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Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter
Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter (Hebrew, 15 April 1847 – 11 January 1905), also known by the title of his main work, the Sfas Emes (Ashkenazic Pronunciation) or Sefat Emet (Modern Hebrew), was a Hasidic rabbi who succeeded his grandfather, Rabbi Yitzchak Meir Alter, as the Av beis din (head of the rabbinical court) and Rav of Góra Kalwaria, Poland (known in Yiddish as the town of Ger), and succeeded Rabbi Chanokh Heynekh HaKohen Levin of Aleksander as Rebbe of the Gerrer Hasidim.
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Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur (יוֹם כִּיפּוּר,, or), also known as the Day of Atonement, is the holiest day of the year in Judaism.
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Zohar
The Zohar (זֹהַר, lit. "Splendor" or "Radiance") is the foundational work in the literature of Jewish mystical thought known as Kabbalah.
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Zondervan
Zondervan is an international Christian media and publishing company located in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
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Redirects here:
Va-Yakhel, Vayak'heil, Vayak'hel, Vayakel, Vayakhel (parsha), Vayak’heil, Vayak’hel, Vayaqhel, Wayakhel, Wayaḳhel, Wayyaqhel.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vayakhel