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Valence (city)

Index Valence (city)

Valence (Valença) is a commune in southeastern France, the capital of the Drôme department and within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. [1]

579 relations: A41 autoroute, A49 autoroute, A7 autoroute, Ab Urbe Condita Libri, Abbé Pierre, Académie française, Administrative centre, Agglomeration communities in France, Agnès Jaoui, Agribusiness, Alain Robert, Alans, Alcatel-Lucent, Alex Joffé, Alexandre Camille Taponier, Alixan, All Our Desires, Allies of World War II, Allobroges, Alluvium, Almond, Alpes–Isère Airport, Alps, Altenkirchen, American football, Ammianus Marcellinus, Amphitheatre, Ancien Régime, Ancient Rome, André Masséna, Anne-Sophie Pic, Annecy, Apricot, Apse, Ardèche, Argent, Arles, Armenia, Armenian Genocide, Army of Italy (France), Army of Naples, Army of the Alps, Arrondissement of Valence, Artillery, Arundo donax, Ascom (company), ASOA Valence, Association football, Asti, Ataulf, ..., Augustus, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Avignon, Axel Domont, Azure (heraldry), École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs des systèmes avancés et réseaux, Édith Scob, Édouard Baer, Émile Augier, Émile Loubet, Éric Boisset, Balthazar Baro, Bandstand, Baptistery, Barbarian, Batroun, Battle of Cassano (1799), Beaumont-lès-Valence, Belfry (architecture), Belgium, Belle Époque, Belvedere (structure), Benoît Jacquot, Benoît Poelvoorde, Bertrand Blier, Bertrand Gille (handballer), Besançon, Biberach an der Riss, Bicycle-sharing system, Blackberry, Blazon, Blue Flag beach, Boso of Provence, Bourg-de-Péage, Bourg-lès-Valence, Bourvil, Brassac-les-Mines, Breaking wheel, Brussels-South railway station, Burgundians, Bursa, Cadastre, Cancellation (mail), Canton of Valence-1, Canton of Valence-2, Canton of Valence-3, Canton of Valence-4, Cantons of the Drôme department, Capital punishment, Capua, Cardo, Castalla, Catherine Deneuve, Catherine Jacob (actress), Catherine Langeais, Catherine Mouchet, Cédric Klapisch, Chabeuil, Chambéry, Championnat National 2, Charles de Bourbon (cardinal), Charles IX of France, Charles IX's grand tour of France, Charles VII of France, Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, Charlotte Gainsbourg, Charpey, Château 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The Greens, European route E15, European route E713, Evangelicalism, Fabrice Luchini, Fédérale 1, Fête de la Fédération, Felix, Fortunatus, and Achilleus, Ferme générale, Fire services in France, Fire station, Flavius Aetius, Flavor, Fleurus, Florent Peyre, Fluvial, Fontainebleau, Ford (crossing), Forum (Roman), François de Beaumont, François Rabelais, France 2, France national handball team, France national rugby union team, Francis I of France, Franco-Provençal language, Franks, Frédéric Mistral, French Alps, French campaign in Egypt and Syria, French Consulate, French livre, French municipal elections, 2014, French Prealps, French Resistance, French Revolution, French Section of the Workers' International, French Towns and Lands of Art and History, French Wars of Religion, French Workers' Party, Gaius Marius, Gallia Narbonensis, Gallo-Roman culture, Gap, Hautes-Alpes, Gare d'Avignon TGV, Gare de Besançon Franche-Comté TGV, Gare de Briançon, Gare de Dijon-Ville, Gare de Lille Europe, Gare de Lyon, Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry, Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles, Gare de Montpellier-Saint-Roch, Gare de Nantes, Gare de Nice-Ville, Gare de Reims, Gare de Strasbourg-Ville, Gare de Toulouse-Matabiau, Gare de Valence TGV, Gare de Valence-Ville, Gare du Havre, Garrigue, Gaul, Gérard Depardieu, Gedera, Geneva, Geographica, Georges Brassens, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, German military administration in occupied France during World War II, Going Places (1974 film), Gothic architecture, Goths, Great Fear, Greenway (landscape), Grenoble, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Grid plan, Guilherand-Granges, Guillaume Bonnafond, Guillaume Gille, Gules, Guy Marchand, Hammamet, Tunisia, Handball, Handball Hamburg, Hautes-Alpes, Henry III of France, Henry IV of France, High-speed rail, Hiroshima, Hiroshima Peace Memorial, HLM, Holy Roman Empire, Honorius (emperor), Hornbeam, House of Bonaparte, Hubert Robert, Iaidō, Ice hockey, Ijevan, Institut géographique national, Institut national de la 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III, Nathalie Baye, National Guard (France), National Rally (France), Natural heritage, Nitroglycerin, Occitan language, Odeon (building), Olivier Broche, Olympique de Valence, On n'demande qu'à en rire, Orange blossom, Orosius, Palace of Versailles, Palm Sunday, Paris–Marseille railway, Passe-passe, Pathogenic bacteria, Patrice Leconte, Patrick Dewaere, Patrick Labaune, Paul Ricœur, Paul-Jacques Bonzon, Peach, Pebble, Petit Trianon, Philippe Lioret, Philippe Noiret, Physical therapy, Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, Pierre Mendès-France University, Pinus halepensis, Pliocene, Plum pox, Pope Pius VI, Pope Pius VII, Pope Urban II, Portes-lès-Valence, Postcard, Prefectures in France, President, Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter, Privas, Prosper Mérimée, Protestantism, Provence, Provinces of France, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus cerasus, Puy-de-Dôme, Quarter (urban subdivision), Quaternary, Quercus ilex, Quercus pubescens, Quercus robur, Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus, Racing 92, Radical Party of the Left, Rally for the Republic, Raspberry, Rassemblement bleu Marine, Raymond Peynet, Reaction ferry, Reactionary, Recollects, Reformed Church of France, Regions of France, Reims, Renaissance, Renaissance architecture, René Alphonse Higonnet, Republican Union (France), Rhône, Rhône-Alpes, Riens du tout, Ring road, Riss glaciation, Robert Hirsch (actor), ROC La Voulte-Valence, Roller in-line hockey, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienne, Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence, Roman Empire, Roman temple, Romanesque art, Romans-sur-Isère, Route nationale 7, Rugby union, Rugby union positions, SAGEM, Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs, Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence, Saint-Michel-en-l'Herm, Saint-Péray, Saint-Valentin, Sainte-Marie-du-Mont, Isère, Sakutō, Okayama, Salyes, Sanguine, Santiago de Compostela, Saracen, Savoy, Sébastien Chabal, Schneider Electric, School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences, School of Applied Artillery, Seat of local government, Sebastianus, Serge Riaboukine, Service (economics), Service du travail obligatoire, Shortcrust pastry, Smoove, Social security, Socialist Party (France), Société de Transports de l'Agglomération Stéphanoise, Sophie Guillemin, Southern France, Soyons, Spider-Man, Squash (sport), Stade Georges Pompidou, Stendhal University, Storming of the Bastille, Strabo, Street or road name, Switzerland, Syria, Tain-l'Hermitage, Temperate climate, TER Rhône-Alpes, Territorial collectivity, Teutons, TGV, Thales Group, The Salvation Army, Thermae, Thomson-CSF, Three Hearts (film), Thymus (plant), Tilia, Tonie Marshall, Tournon-sur-Rhône, Towpath, Transdev, Transport express régional, Transports en commun lyonnais, Treasury, Triathlon, Tridentine Mass, Trompe-l'œil, True Cross, Union for a Popular Movement, Union of Democrats and Independents, University Institutes of Technology, Urban renewal, Uzès, Valence (city), Valence Cathedral, Valence Sportif, Valence-Chabeuil Airport, Valentinian I, Vercors Massif, Via Agrippa, Victor Sappey, Vienne, Isère, Vincent Lindon, Visigoths, Visual flight rules, Voiron, War memorial, Würzburg, Wladimir Yordanoff, World Health Organization, World War I, World War II, 1996 Tour de France, 1st Artillery Regiment (France), 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment, 1st Spahi Regiment, 2011–12 Championnat de France Amateur, 2011–12 Ligue 1, 2015 Tour de France, 45th parallel north. 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A41 autoroute

The A41 autoroute, also known as l'autoroute alpine, is a French motorway.

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A49 autoroute

The A49 autoroute is a motorway in France.

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A7 autoroute

The A7 Autoroute, also known as l'autoroute du Soleil (English: the Motorway of the Sun) is a French motorway.

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Ab Urbe Condita Libri

Livy's History of Rome, sometimes referred to as Ab Urbe Condita, is a monumental history of ancient Rome, written in Latin, between 27 and 9 BC.

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Abbé Pierre

Abbé Pierre, OFM Cap, (born Henri Marie Joseph Grouès; 5 August 1912 – 22 January 2007) was a French Catholic priest, member of the Resistance during World War II, and deputy of the Popular Republican Movement (MRP).

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Académie française

The Académie française is the pre-eminent French council for matters pertaining to the French language.

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Administrative centre

An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.

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Agglomeration communities in France

An agglomeration community (communauté d'agglomération) is a government structure in France, created by the Chevènement Law of 1999.

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Agnès Jaoui

Agnès Jaoui (born 19 October 1964) is a French actress, screenwriter, film director and singer.

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Agribusiness

Agribusiness is the business of agricultural production.

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Alain Robert

Alain Robert (born as Robert Alain Philippe on 7 August 1962) is a French rock climber and urban climber, from Digoin, Saône-et-Loire, Burgundy, France.

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Alans

The Alans (or Alani) were an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity.

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Alcatel-Lucent

Alcatel-Lucent S.A. was a French global telecommunications equipment company, headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, France.

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Alex Joffé

Alex Joffé (18 November 1918 – 18 August 1995) was a French film director and screenwriter, known for Les cracks (1968), Fortunat (1960) and La grosse caisse (1965).

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Alexandre Camille Taponier

Alexandre Camille Taponier (2 February 1749–13 April 1831) commanded an infantry division in several battles during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Alixan

Alixan is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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All Our Desires

All Our Desires (Toutes nos envies) is a 2011 French drama film directed by Philippe Lioret.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).

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Allobroges

The Allobroges (Άλλόβριγες, Άλλόβρυγες, Άλλόβρoγες) were a Gallic tribe of ancient Gaul, located between the Rhône River and Lake Geneva in what later became Savoy, Dauphiné, and Vivarais.

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Alluvium

Alluvium (from the Latin alluvius, from alluere, "to wash against") is loose, unconsolidated (not cemented together into a solid rock) soil or sediments, which has been eroded, reshaped by water in some form, and redeposited in a non-marine setting.

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Almond

The almond (Prunus dulcis, syn. Prunus amygdalus) is a species of tree native to Mediterranean climate regions of the Middle East, from Syria and Turkey to India and Pakistan, although it has been introduced elsewhere.

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Alpes–Isère Airport

Alpes–Isère Airport (formerly Grenoble-Isère Airport) or Aéroport Alpes–Isère, is an international airport serving Grenoble which is situated 2.5 km north-northwest of Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs and 40 km northwest of Grenoble, both communes in the Isère, département of France.

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Alps

The Alps (Alpes; Alpen; Alpi; Alps; Alpe) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe,The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia.

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Altenkirchen

Altenkirchen is a town in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, capital of the district of Altenkirchen.

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American football

American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.

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Ammianus Marcellinus

Ammianus Marcellinus (born, died 400) was a Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from Antiquity (preceding Procopius).

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Amphitheatre

An amphitheatre or amphitheater is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports.

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Ancien Régime

The Ancien Régime (French for "old regime") was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France from the Late Middle Ages (circa 15th century) until 1789, when hereditary monarchy and the feudal system of French nobility were abolished by the.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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André Masséna

André Masséna, 1st Duc de Rivoli, 1st Prince d'Essling (born Andrea Massena; 16 May 1758 – 4 April 1817) was a French military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

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Anne-Sophie Pic

Anne-Sophie Pic (born 12 July 1969) is a French chef best known for gaining three Michelin stars for her restaurant, Maison Pic, in southeast France.

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Annecy

Annecy (Arpitan: Èneci or Ènneci) is the largest city of Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

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Apricot

An apricot is a fruit, or the tree that bears the fruit, of several species in the genus Prunus (stone fruits).

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Apse

In architecture, an apse (plural apses; from Latin absis: "arch, vault" from Greek ἀψίς apsis "arch"; sometimes written apsis, plural apsides) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome, also known as an Exedra.

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Ardèche

Ardèche (Occitan and Arpitan: Ardecha) is a département in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France.

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Argent

In heraldry, argent is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals." It is very frequently depicted as white and usually considered interchangeable with it.

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Arles

Arles (Provençal Arle in both classical and Mistralian norms; Arelate in Classical Latin) is a city and commune in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rhône department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the former province of Provence.

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Armenia

Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Armenian Genocide

The Armenian Genocide (Հայոց ցեղասպանություն, Hayots tseghaspanutyun), also known as the Armenian Holocaust, was the Ottoman government's systematic extermination of 1.5 million Armenians, mostly citizens within the Ottoman Empire.

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Army of Italy (France)

The Army of Italy (Armée d'Italie) was a field army of the French Army stationed on the Italian border and used for operations in Italy itself.

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Army of Naples

The Army of Naples (Armée de Naples) was a French Army unit which took this name following its capture of Naples in 1799.

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Army of the Alps

The Army of the Alps (Armée des Alpes) was one of the French Revolutionary armies.

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Arrondissement of Valence

The arrondissement of Valence is an arrondissement of France in the Drôme department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

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Artillery

Artillery is a class of large military weapons built to fire munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry's small arms.

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Arundo donax

Arundo donax, giant cane, is a tall perennial cane, is one of several so-called reed species.

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Ascom (company)

Ascom Holding AG is a telecommunications company focusing on wireless on-site communications.

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ASOA Valence

Association Sportive d'Origine Arménienne de Valence was a French football team playing in the city of Valence, Drôme.

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Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

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Asti

Asti is a city and comune of 76 164 inhabitants (1-1-2017) located in the Piedmont region of northwestern Italy, about east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River.

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Ataulf

Ataulf (also Athavulf, Atawulf, or Athaulf, Latinized as Ataulphus) (37015 August 415) was king of the Visigoths from 411 to 415.

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Augustus

Augustus (Augustus; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was a Roman statesman and military leader who was the first Emperor of the Roman Empire, controlling Imperial Rome from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.

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Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (Ôvèrgne-Rôno-Ârpes, Auvèrnhe Ròse Aups, Alvernia-Rodano-Alpi) is a region of France created by the territorial reform of French Regions in 2014; it resulted from the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes.

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Avignon

Avignon (Avenio; Provençal: Avignoun, Avinhon) is a commune in south-eastern France in the department of Vaucluse on the left bank of the Rhône river.

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Axel Domont

Axel Domont (born 7 August 1990) is a French racing cyclist, who competes for the team.

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Azure (heraldry)

In heraldry, azure is the tincture with the colour blue, and belongs to the class of tinctures called "colours".

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École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs des systèmes avancés et réseaux

The École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs des Systèmes Avancés et Réseaux (Esisar) is an engineering school of the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble.

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Édith Scob

Édith Scob (born 21 October 1937) is a French film and theatre actress, best known for her role as the daughter with a disfigured face in Eyes Without a Face.

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Édouard Baer

Édouard Baer (born 1 December 1966) is a French actor, director, screenwriter, film producer and radio personality.

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Émile Augier

Guillaume Victor Émile Augier (17 September 1820 – 25 October 1889) was a French dramatist.

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Émile Loubet

Émile François Loubet (30 December 1838 – 20 December 1929) was the 45th Prime Minister of France and later President of France.

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Éric Boisset

Éric Boisset Éric Boisset (born 8 November 1965 in Valence, Drôme) is a French writer.

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Balthazar Baro

Balthazar Baro (1596–1650) was a French poet, playwright and romance-writer.

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Bandstand

A bandstand is a circular or semicircular structure set in a park, garden, pier, or indoor space, designed to accommodate musical bands performing concerts.

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Baptistery

In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry (Old French baptisterie; Latin baptisterium; Greek βαπτιστήριον, 'bathing-place, baptistery', from βαπτίζειν, baptízein, 'to baptize') is the separate centrally planned structure surrounding the baptismal font.

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Barbarian

A barbarian is a human who is perceived to be either uncivilized or primitive.

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Batroun

Batroun (البترون; בתרון) is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest cities in the world.

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Battle of Cassano (1799)

The Battle of Cassano d'Adda was fought on 27 April 1799 near Cassano d'Adda, about ENE of Milan.

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Beaumont-lès-Valence

Beaumont-lès-Valence is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Belfry (architecture)

The belfry is a structure enclosing bells for ringing as part of a building, usually as part of a bell tower or steeple.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Belle Époque

The Belle Époque or La Belle Époque (French for "Beautiful Era") was a period of Western history.

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Belvedere (structure)

A belvedere or belvidere (from Italian for "fair view") is an architectural structure sited to take advantage of a fine or scenic view.

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Benoît Jacquot

Benoît Jacquot (born 5 February 1947) is a French film director and screenwriter who has had a varied career in European cinema.

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Benoît Poelvoorde

Benoît Poelvoorde (born 22 September 1964) is a Belgian actor and comedian.

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Bertrand Blier

Bertrand Blier (born 14 March 1939) is a French film director and writer.

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Bertrand Gille (handballer)

Bertrand Fabien Gille (born March 24, 1978 in Valence, Drôme) is a handball player from France.

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Besançon

Besançon (French and Arpitan:; archaic Bisanz, Vesontio) is the capital of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

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Biberach an der Riss

Biberach is a town in the south of Germany.

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Bicycle-sharing system

A bicycle-sharing system, public bicycle system, or bike-share scheme, is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a short term basis for a price or free.

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Blackberry

The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus Rubus, and hybrids between the subgenera Rubus and Idaeobatus.

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Blazon

In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image.

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Blue Flag beach

The Blue Flag is a certification by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) that a beach, marina or sustainable boating tourism operator meets its stringent standards.

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Boso of Provence

Boso (c. 841 – January 11, 887) was a Frankish nobleman of the Bosonid family who was related to the Carolingian dynasty and who rose to become King of Lower Burgundy and Provence.

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Bourg-de-Péage

Bourg-de-Péage is a commune in the Drôme department and in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France.

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Bourg-lès-Valence

Bourg-lès-Valence is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Bourvil

André Bourvil, born André Robert Raimbourg (27 July 1917, Prétot-Vicquemare, France – 23 September 1970, Paris), often known mononymously as Bourvil, was a French actor and singer best known for his roles in comedy films, most notably in his collaboration with Louis de Funès in the films Le Corniaud (1965) and La Grande Vadrouille (1966).

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Brassac-les-Mines

Brassac-les-Mines is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

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Breaking wheel

The breaking wheel, also known as the Catherine wheel or simply the wheel, was a torture device used for public execution from antiquity into early modern times by breaking a criminal's bones and/or bludgeoning them to death.

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Brussels-South railway station

Brussels-South (Bruxelles-Midi, Brussel-Zuid, IATA code: ZYR) is one of the three major railway stations in Brussels (the other two are Brussels Central and Brussels North) and the busiest station in Belgium.

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Burgundians

The Burgundians (Burgundiōnes, Burgundī; Burgundar; Burgendas; Βούργουνδοι) were a large East Germanic or Vandal tribe, or group of tribes, who lived in the area of modern Poland in the time of the Roman Empire.

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Bursa

Bursa is a large city in Turkey, located in northwestern Anatolia, within the Marmara Region.

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Cadastre

A cadastre (also spelled cadaster) is a comprehensive land recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country.

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Cancellation (mail)

A cancellation (or cancel for short; French: "oblitération") is a postal marking applied on a postage stamp or postal stationery to deface the stamp and prevent its re-use.

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Canton of Valence-1

The canton of Valence-1 is an administrative division of the Drôme department, southeastern France.

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Canton of Valence-2

The canton of Valence-2 is an administrative division of the Drôme department, southeastern France.

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Canton of Valence-3

The canton of Valence-3 is an administrative division of the Drôme department, southeastern France.

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Canton of Valence-4

The canton of Valence-4 is an administrative division of the Drôme department, southeastern France.

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Cantons of the Drôme department

The following is a list of the 19 cantons of the Drôme department, in France, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015.

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Capital punishment

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.

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Capua

Capua is a city and comune in the province of Caserta, Campania, southern Italy, situated north of Naples, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain.

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Cardo

A cardo was the Latin name given to a north-south street in Ancient Roman cities and military camps as an integral component of city planning.

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Castalla

Castalla (Valencian and Spanish) is a town located in the comarca of L'Alcoià, in the province of Alicante, Spain.

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Catherine Deneuve

Catherine Deneuve (born 22 October 1943) is a French actress as well as an occasional singer, model and producer.

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Catherine Jacob (actress)

Catherine Jacob (born 16 December 1956) is a César Award-winning French film and theatrical actress.

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Catherine Langeais

Catherine Langeais, born Marie-Louise Terrasse, (9 August 1923 in Valence, Drôme – 23 April 1998 in Mantes-la-Jolie, Yvelines), was a French television presenter and actress.

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Catherine Mouchet

Catherine Mouchet (born 21 August 1959) is a French actress.

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Cédric Klapisch

Cédric Klapisch (born 4 September 1961) is a French film director, screenwriter and producer.

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Chabeuil

Chabeuil is a commune of the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Chambéry

Chambéry (Chambèri, Sciamberì, and in Helvetii: Camberia) is a city in the department of Savoie, located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France.

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Championnat National 2

The Championnat National 2, commonly known as National 2 and formerly known as Championnat de France Amateur (CFA), is a football league competition.

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Charles de Bourbon (cardinal)

Charles de Bourbon (22 September 1523 – 9 May 1590) was a French cardinal.

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Charles IX of France

Charles IX (27 June 1550 – 30 May 1574) was a French monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1560 until his death from tuberculosis.

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Charles IX's grand tour of France

The grand tour of France was a royal progress around France by Charles IX of France, set up his mother Catherine de Medici to show him his kingdom, which had just been ravaged by the first of the French Wars of Religion.

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Charles VII of France

Charles VII (22 February 1403 – 22 July 1461), called the Victorious (le Victorieux)Charles VII, King of France, Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War, ed.

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Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine

Charles de Lorraine (17 February 1524 – 26 December 1574), Duke of Chevreuse, was a French Cardinal, a member of the powerful House of Guise.

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Charlotte Gainsbourg

Charlotte Lucy Gainsbourg (born 21 July 1971) is a British-French actress and singer.

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Charpey

Charpey is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Château de Crussol

The Château de Crussol is a mostly-ruined 12th century limestone castle in the commune of Saint-Péray that dominates the valley of Rhône, just opposite Valence in the Ardèche département, Rhône-Alpes région of France.

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Châtenay-Malabry

Châtenay-Malabry is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Chef

A chef is a trained professional cook who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine.

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Chepe González

José Jaime González Pico (born July 28, 1968 in Sogamoso, Boyacá), also known as Chepe González, is a Colombian former road bicycle racer.

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Cherry

A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit).

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Chiara Mastroianni

Chiara Charlotte Mastroianni (born 28 May 1972) is a French-Italian actress and singer. She is the daughter of Marcello Mastroianni and Catherine Deneuve.

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Choir (architecture)

A choir, also sometimes called quire, is the area of a church or cathedral that provides seating for the clergy and church choir.

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Chronica Gallica of 452

The Chronica Gallica of 452, also called the Gallic Chronicle of 452, is a Latin chronicle of Late Antiquity, presented in the form of annals, which continues that of Jerome.

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Cimbri

The Cimbri were an ancient tribe.

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Circus (building)

The Roman circus (from Latin, "circle") was a large open-air venue used for public events in the ancient Roman Empire.

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Clacton-on-Sea

Clacton-on-Sea is the largest town in the Tendring peninsula and district in Essex, England, and was founded as an urban district in the year 1871.

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Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles

The classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles (CPGE) (English: Higher School Preparatory Classes), commonly called classes prépas or prépas, are part of the French post-secondary education system.

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Clémentine Célarié

Clémentine Célarié (born 12 October 1957) is a French actress, comedian, writer, director and singer.

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Clermont-Ferrand

Clermont-Ferrand (Auvergnat Clharmou, Augustonemetum) is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, with a population of 141,569 (2012).

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Col de la République

The Col de la République or Col de Grand Bois is a mountain pass in the Pilat massif within the Pilat Regional Natural Park in the Loire department of the Rhône-Alpes region in southern France.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.

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Common fig

Ficus carica is an Asian species of flowering plant in the mulberry family, known as the common fig (or just the fig).

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Communauté d'agglomération Valence Romans Agglo

Communauté d'agglomération Valence Romans Agglo is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the cities of Valence and Romans-sur-Isère.

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Communes of France

The commune is a level of administrative division in the French Republic.

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Communes of the Drôme department

The following is a list of the 367 communes of the Drôme department of France.

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Community Université Grenoble Alpes

The Community Université Grenoble Alpes (Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes) is the association of universities and higher education institutions (ComUE) for institutions of higher education and research for Grenoble, Chambéry, Annecy and Valence in the Rhône-Alpes region of France.

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Compagnie Nationale du Rhône

The Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR) is a French electricity generation company, mainly supplying renewable power from hydroelectric facilities on the Rhone.

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Concours des villes et villages fleuris

The Concours des villes et villages fleuris ("towns and villages in bloom competition") is a contest organized annually in France which aims to encourage communes to adopt and implement policies that improve the quality of life of their inhabitants and enhance their attractiveness to visitors through the provision and maintenance of green spaces and the enhancement of their natural environments.

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Confluence

In geography, a confluence (also: conflux) occurs where two or more flowing bodies of water join together to form a single channel.

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Convention center

A convention center (American English; conference centre outside the USA) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests.

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Cornas

Cornas is a commune in the département of Ardèche in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southern France.

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Count of Toulouse

The Count of Toulouse was the ruler of Toulouse during the 8th to 13th centuries.

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County of Valentinois

The County of Valentinois was a fiefdom within Dauphiné Viennois (formerly in southeast France at Italy) and was a part of the Holy Roman Empire from 1032 until the sixteenth century.

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Coye-la-Forêt

Coye-la-Forêt is a communes in the Oise department in northern France.

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Crest, Drôme

Crest is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Croissy-sur-Seine

Croissy-sur-Seine is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

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Curia

Curia (Latin plural curiae) in ancient Rome referred to one of the original groupings of the citizenry, eventually numbering 30, and later every Roman citizen was presumed to belong to one.

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Curtain wall (fortification)

A curtain wall is a defensive wall between two towers (bastions) of a castle, fortress, or town.

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Dauphin of France

The Dauphin of France (Dauphin de France)—strictly The Dauphin of Viennois (Dauphin de Viennois)—was the dynastic title given to the heir apparent to the throne of France from 1350 to 1791 and 1824 to 1830.

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Dauphiné

The Dauphiné or Dauphiné Viennois, formerly Dauphiny in English, is a former province in southeastern France, whose area roughly corresponded to that of the present departments of Isère, Drôme, and Hautes-Alpes.

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Deanery

A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway.

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Decumanus Maximus

In Roman city planning, a decumanus was an east-west-oriented road in a Roman city, castrum (military camp), or colonia.

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Demonym

A demonym (δῆμος dẽmos "people, tribe", ὄόνομα ónoma "name") is a word that identifies residents or natives of a particular place, which is derived from the name of that particular place.

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Departments of France

In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government below the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the commune.

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Design engineer

A design engineer is a person who may be involved in any of various engineering disciplines including civil, mechanical, electrical, chemical, textiles, aerospace, nuclear, manufacturing, systems, and structural /building/architectural.

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Die, Drôme

Die (Occitan: Diá) is a commune, former episcopal see, and subprefecture of the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Digoin

Digoin is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne in eastern France.

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Diocese

The word diocese is derived from the Greek term διοίκησις meaning "administration".

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Dionysos (French band)

Dionysos is a French pop band formed in 1993 in Valence, Drôme; they formed at their lycée.

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Doll

A doll is a model of a human being, often used as a toy for children.

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Drôme

Drôme (Droma in Occitan, Drôma in Arpitan) is a department in southeastern France named after the Drôme River.

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Drôme (river)

The Drôme (Droma), a river in southeastern France, has a length of 111 km and a watershed of 1,663 km² and is a left tributary of the Rhône.

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Duke of Valentinois

Duke of Valentinois (French: Duc de Valentinois; Duca Valentino), formerly Count of Valentinois, is a title of nobility, originally in the French peerage.

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Ecodistrict

An ecodistrict or eco-district is a neologism associating the terms "district" and "eco" as an abbreviation of ecological.

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Edict of Nantes

The Edict of Nantes (French: édit de Nantes), signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time.

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Elâzığ

Elazığ) is a city in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, and the administrative center of Elazığ Province. It is located in the uppermost Euphrates valley. The plain on which the city extends has an altitude of 1067 metres. Elazığ resembles an inland peninsula surrounded by the natural Lake Hazar and reservoirs of Keban Dam, Karakaya Dam, Kıralkızı and Özlüce.http://www.kultur.gov.tr/genel/medya/iltanitimbrosuru-eng/elazig_eng.pdf Elazığ initially developed in 1834 as an extension of the historic city of Harput, which was situated on a hill and difficult to access in winter.

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Electronics

Electronics is the discipline dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors.

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Estates General of 1789

The estates general was a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the clergy (First Estate), the nobility (Second Estate), and the commoners (Third Estate).

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Euphorbia characias

Euphorbia characias (Mediterranean spurge or Albanian spurge) is a species of flowering plant in the Euphorbiaceae family typical of the Mediterranean vegetation.

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Europe Ecology – The Greens

Europe Ecology – The Greens (Europe Écologie Les Verts, EELV) is a green and centre-left political party in France.

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European route E15

The European route E 15 is part of the United Nations international E-road network.

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European route E713

European route E 713 is a European B class road in France, connecting the cities Valence — Grenoble.

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Evangelicalism

Evangelicalism, evangelical Christianity, or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, crossdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity which maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ's atonement.

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Fabrice Luchini

Fabrice Luchini (born Robert Luchini; 1 November 1951) is a French stage and film actor.

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Fédérale 1

Le championnat de France de première division fédérale, a.k.a. Fédérale 1, is a French rugby union club competition, the highest level of amateur rugby.

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Fête de la Fédération

The Fête de la Fédération (Festival of the Federation) was a massive holiday festival held throughout France in honour of the French Revolution.

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Felix, Fortunatus, and Achilleus

Felix, Fortunatus, and Achilleus were 3rd-century Christian saints who suffered martyrdom during the reign of Caracalla.

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Ferme générale

The ferme générale ("general farm") was, in ancien régime France, essentially an outsourced customs, excise and indirect tax operation.

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Fire services in France

The fire service in France is known as Sapeurs-pompiers, except in Marseille, where naval "sailor-firefighters", ''marins-pompiers'', provide fire and rescue services.

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Fire station

A fire station (also called a fire house, fire hall, or firemen's hall) is a structure or other area for storing firefighting apparatus such as fire engines and related vehicles, personal protective equipment, fire hoses and other specialized equipment.

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Flavius Aetius

Flavius Aetius (Flavius Aetius; 391–454), dux et patricius, commonly called simply Aetius or Aëtius, was a Roman general of the closing period of the Western Roman Empire.

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Flavor

Flavor (American English) or flavour (British English; see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of food or other substance, and is determined primarily by the chemical senses of taste and smell.

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Fleurus

Fleurus is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut.

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Florent Peyre

Florent Peyre (born 14 May 1980) is a French comedian.

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Fluvial

In geography and geology, fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them.

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Fontainebleau

Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France.

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Ford (crossing)

A ford is a shallow place with good footing where a river or stream may be crossed by wading, or inside a vehicle getting its wheels wet.

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Forum (Roman)

A forum (Latin forum "public place outdoors", plural fora; English plural either fora or forums) was a public square in a Roman municipium, or any civitas, reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i.e., a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls.

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François de Beaumont

François de Beaumont, baron of Adrets (c. 1512/1513 – February 2, 1587) was a leader (capitaine dauphinois) of the Huguenots in the religious wars of The French Reformation.

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François Rabelais

François Rabelais (between 1483 and 1494 – 9 April 1553) was a French Renaissance writer, physician, Renaissance humanist, monk and Greek scholar.

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France 2

France 2 is a French public national television channel.

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France national handball team

France national handball team is supervised by the French Handball Federation, and represents France in international matches.

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France national rugby union team

The France national rugby union team competes annually against England, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales in the Six Nations Championship.

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Francis I of France

Francis I (François Ier) (12 September 1494 – 31 March 1547) was the first King of France from the Angoulême branch of the House of Valois, reigning from 1515 until his death.

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Franco-Provençal language

No description.

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Franks

The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum) were a collection of Germanic peoples, whose name was first mentioned in 3rd century Roman sources, associated with tribes on the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, on the edge of the Roman Empire.

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Frédéric Mistral

Frédéric Mistral (Frederic Mistral, 8 September 1830 – 25 March 1914) was a French writer and lexicographer of the Occitan language.

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French Alps

The French Alps are the portions of the Alps mountain range that stand within France, located in the Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regions.

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French campaign in Egypt and Syria

The French Campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria, proclaimed to defend French trade interests, weaken Britain's access to British India, and to establish scientific enterprise in the region.

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French Consulate

The Consulate (French: Le Consulat) was the government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire in November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire in May 1804.

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French livre

The livre (pound) was the currency of Kingdom of France and its predecessor state of West Francia from 781 to 1794.

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French municipal elections, 2014

The French municipal elections of 2014 were held on 23 March of that year with a second round of voting, where necessary, on 30 March to elect the municipal councils of France's communes.

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French Prealps

The French Prealps (Préalpes) are a group of subalpine mountain ranges of medium elevation located immediately west of the French Alps.

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French Resistance

The French Resistance (La Résistance) was the collection of French movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War.

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French Revolution

The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.

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French Section of the Workers' International

The French Section of the Workers' International (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO) was a French socialist political party founded in 1905 and replaced in 1969 by the current Socialist Party (PS).

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French Towns and Lands of Art and History

Since 1985, the French Ministry of Culture and Communication has pursued a policy of preserving and promoting France's heritage.

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French Wars of Religion

The French Wars of Religion refers to a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France between 1562 and 1598.

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French Workers' Party

The French Workers' Party (French language: Parti Ouvrier Français, POF) was the French socialist party created in 1880 by Jules Guesde and Paul Lafargue, Karl Marx's son-in-law (famous for having written The Right to Be Lazy, which criticized labour's alienation).

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Gaius Marius

Gaius MariusC·MARIVS·C·F·C·N is how Marius was termed in official state inscriptions in Latin: "Gaius Marius, son of Gaius, grandson of Gaius" (157 BC – January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.

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Gallia Narbonensis

Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France.

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Gallo-Roman culture

The term "Gallo-Roman" describes the Romanized culture of Gaul under the rule of the Roman Empire.

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Gap, Hautes-Alpes

Gap is a commune in southeastern France, the capital and largest town of the Hautes-Alpes department.

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Gare d'Avignon TGV

Avignon TGV (IATA: XZN) is a railway station located in Avignon, France.

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Gare de Besançon Franche-Comté TGV

Besançon Franche-Comté TGV is a high speed railway station located in Auxon-Dessus, Doubs, eastern France.

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Gare de Briançon

Gare de Briançon is a railway station serving the town Briançon, Hautes-Alpes department, southeastern France.

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Gare de Dijon-Ville

Dijon or Dijon-Ville is a railway station located in Dijon, Côte-d'Or, eastern France.

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Gare de Lille Europe

Lille Europe is a SNCF railway station in Lille, France, on the LGV Nord High Speed railway.

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Gare de Lyon

The Gare de Lyon (Lyon Station), officially Paris-Gare-de-Lyon, is one of the six large mainline railway station termini in Paris, France.

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Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry

Gare de Saint-Exupéry TGV (formerly Gare de Satolas TGV) is a railway station near Lyon, France, directly attached to the Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport.

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Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles

Marseille – Saint-Charles is the main railway station and intercity bus station of Marseille.

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Gare de Montpellier-Saint-Roch

Saint-Roch is the main railway station in Montpellier, France.

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Gare de Nantes

The Gare de Nantes is the principal passenger railway station serving the French city of Nantes.

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Gare de Nice-Ville

Nice-Ville (French: Gare de Nice-Ville) is the main railway station in Nice, France.

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Gare de Reims

Gare de Reims is the main railway station in the city of Reims, Marne department, northern France.

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Gare de Strasbourg-Ville

Strasbourg-Ville is the main railway station in the city of Strasbourg, Bas-Rhin, France.

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Gare de Toulouse-Matabiau

Toulouse-Matabiau is the main railway station in Toulouse, southern France.

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Gare de Valence TGV

Gare de Valence TGV (IATA: XHK) is a railway station in Valence, France which offers regular TGV services.

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Gare de Valence-Ville

Gare de Valence-Ville is a railway station serving the town Valence, Drôme department, southeastern France.

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Gare du Havre

Le Havre is the main railway station located in Le Havre, Seine-Maritime, France.

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Garrigue

Garigue or phrygana is a type of low, soft-leaved scrubland ecoregion and plant community in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome.

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Gaul

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.

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Gérard Depardieu

Gérard Xavier Marcel Depardieu (born 27 December 1948) is a French actor.

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Gedera

Gedera, or Gdera (גְּדֵרָה), is a town in the Central District of Israel founded in 1884.

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève, Genèva, Genf, Ginevra, Genevra) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of the Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland.

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Geographica

The Geographica (Ancient Greek: Γεωγραφικά Geōgraphiká), or Geography, is an encyclopedia of geographical knowledge, consisting of 17 'books', written in Greek by Strabo, an educated citizen of the Roman Empire of Greek descent.

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Georges Brassens

Georges Brassens (22 October 1921 – 29 October 1981) was a French singer-songwriter and poet.

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Georges-Eugène Haussmann

Georges-Eugène Haussmann, commonly known as Baron Haussmann (27 March 180911 January 1891), was a prefect of the Seine Department of France chosen by Emperor Napoleon III to carry out a massive urban renewal program of new boulevards, parks and public works in Paris that is commonly referred to as Haussmann's renovation of Paris.

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German military administration in occupied France during World War II

The Military Administration in France (Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France.

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Going Places (1974 film)

Going Places is a 1974 French erotic comedy-drama film co-written and directed by Bertrand Blier, and based on his own novel.

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Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages.

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Goths

The Goths (Gut-þiuda; Gothi) were an East Germanic people, two of whose branches, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire through the long series of Gothic Wars and in the emergence of Medieval Europe.

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Great Fear

The Great Fear (la Grande Peur) was a general panic that took place between 17 July and 3 August 1789, at the start of the French Revolution.

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Greenway (landscape)

A greenway is "a strip of undeveloped land near an urban area, set aside for recreational use or environmental protection".

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Grenoble

Grenoble is a city in southeastern France, at the foot of the French Alps where the river Drac joins the Isère.

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Grenoble Institute of Technology

The Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP) (Institut polytechnique de Grenoble, Groupe Grenoble INP and before INPG) is a French technological university system consisting of six engineering schools.

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Grid plan

The grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid.

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Guilherand-Granges

Guilherand-Granges is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.

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Guillaume Bonnafond

Guillaume Bonnafond (born 23 June 1987) is a French professional road bicycle racer for UCI Professional Continental team.

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Guillaume Gille

Guillaume Alain Gille (born 12 July 1976) is a retired French handballer and current coach of the French national team.

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Gules

In heraldry, gules is the tincture with the colour red, and belongs to the class of dark tinctures called "colours." In engraving, it is sometimes depicted as a region of vertical lines or else marked with gu. as an abbreviation.

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Guy Marchand

Guy Marchand (born 22 May 1937) is a French actor, musician and singer.

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Hammamet, Tunisia

Hammamet (حمامات) is a town in Tunisia.

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Handball

Handball (also known as team handball, fieldball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outfield players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the other team.

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Handball Hamburg

Handball Hamburg is a handball club from Germany, located in Hamburg.

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Hautes-Alpes

Hautes-Alpes (Auts Aups) is a department in southeastern France named after the Alps mountain range.

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Henry III of France

Henry III (19 September 1551 – 2 August 1589; born Alexandre Édouard de France, Henryk Walezy, Henrikas Valua) was King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1573 to 1575 and King of France from 1574 until his death.

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Henry IV of France

Henry IV (Henri IV, read as Henri-Quatre; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.

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High-speed rail

High-speed rail is a type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks.

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Hiroshima

is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu - the largest island of Japan.

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Hiroshima Peace Memorial

The, originally the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall, and now commonly called the Genbaku Dome,, is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in Hiroshima, Japan and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.

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HLM

HLM is the acronym of Habitation à Loyer Modéré ("rent-controlled housing"), a form of private or public housing in France, Switzerland, Algeria, Senegal, and Quebec.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

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Honorius (emperor)

Honorius (Flavius Honorius Augustus; 9 September 384 – 15 August 423) was Western Roman Emperor from 393 to 423.

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Hornbeam

Hornbeams are hardwood trees in the flowering plant genus Carpinus in the birch family Betulaceae.

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House of Bonaparte

The House of Bonaparte (originally Buonaparte) was an imperial and royal European dynasty founded in 1804 by Italian noble Carlo Buonaparte and his son Napoleon I, a French military leader of Italian heritage who had risen to notability out of the French Revolution and who in 1804 transformed the First French Republic into the First French Empire, five years after his ''coup d'état'' of November 1799.

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Hubert Robert

Hubert Robert (22 May 1733 – 15 April 1808) was a French painter, noted for his landscape paintings and capriccio, or semi-fictitious picturesque depictions of ruins in Italy and of France.

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Iaidō

, abbreviated with, is a Japanese martial art that emphasizes being aware and capable of quickly drawing the sword and responding to a sudden attack.

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Ice hockey

Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.

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Ijevan

Ijevan (Իջևան), is a town and urban municipal community in Armenia serving as the administrative centre of Tavush Province.

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Institut géographique national

The Institut national de l’information géographique et forestière (National Institute of Geographic and Forest Information), previously Institut géographique national (National Geographic Institute) or IGN is a French public state administrative establishment founded in 1940 to produce and maintain geographical information for France and its overseas departments and territories.

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Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques

The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques), abbreviated INSEE, is the national statistics bureau of France.

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Instrument flight rules

Instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR).

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Irenaeus

Irenaeus (Ειρηναίος Eirēnaíos) (died about 202) was a Greek cleric noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christian communities in what is now the south of France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by combatting heresy and defining orthodoxy.

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Isabelle Mergault

Isabelle Mergault (born 11 May 1958) is a French actress, director, writer and television/radio personality.

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Isère

Isère (Arpitan: Isera, Occitan: Isèra) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France named after the river Isère.

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Isère (river)

The Isère is a river in the Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France.

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ISG Business School

The ISG business school or Institut Superieur de Gestion, is a business school, based in Paris, France.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Jacques Cujas

Jacques Cujas (or Cujacius) (1522 – 4 October 1590) was a French legal expert.

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Jacques Pic

Jacques Pic (1932–1992), was a French chef best known for being head chef at his three Michelin starred restaurant Maison Pic in Valence, Drôme, France.

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Jacques Tardi

Jacques Tardi (born 1946) is a French comics artist.

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Je vous trouve très beau

You Are So Beautiful (French title: Je vous trouve très beau) is a French comedy film released in 2006 by the Gaumont company.

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Jean Étienne Championnet

Jean Étienne Vachier Championnet, also known as Championnet (13 April 1762, Alixan, Drôme – 9 January 1800), led a Republican French division in many important battles during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Jean Jaurès

Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès, commonly referred as Jean Jaurès (3 September 185931 July 1914) was a French Socialist leader.

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Jean Rochefort

Jean Rochefort (29 April 1930 – 9 October 2017) was a French actor whose career spanned more than five decades.

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Jean-Baptiste Kléber

Jean-Baptiste Kléber (9 March 1753 – 14 June 1800) was a French general during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Jean-Claude Lamy

Jean-Claude Lamy (3 August 1941, Valence in the Drôme department, is a French journalist, writer and publisher.

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Jean-Denis de Montlovier

Jean-Denis de Montlovier (1733, Valence (Dauphiné) – 1804, Dagues near Marsanne) was an 18th-century French man of letters.

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Jean-François Piège

Jean-François Piège (born 25 September 1970) is a French chef, two stars at the Guide Michelin.

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Jean-Joseph Farre

Jean-Joseph Frédéric Albert Farre (15 May 1816, Valence – 24 March 1887, Paris) was a French general and statesman.

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Jean-Pascal Yao

Jean-Pascal Yao (born January 13, 1977 in Valence, Drome, France) is a French footballer who played on the professional level for French Ligue 2 clubs Valence during the 1995-1998 seasons and for Saint Etienne during the 2001-2003 seasons.

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Jean-Paul Salomé

Jean-Paul Salomé (born 14 September 1960) is a French director and screenwriter.

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Jean-Pierre Marielle

Jean-Pierre Marielle (born 12 April 1932) is a French actor.

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Jean-Pierre, Count of Montalivet

Jean-Pierre Bachasson, Seigneur et 1er Comte de Montalivet (Neunkirch, now part of Sarreguemines, Moselle, 5 July 1766 – Château de Lagrange, Cher, 22 January 1823) was a French statesman and Peer of France.

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Jean-Robert

Jean-Robert is a French masculine given name.

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Jeanne Moreau

Jeanne Moreau (23 January 1928 – 31 July 2017) was a French actress, singer, screenwriter and director.

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Joseph Fourier University

Joseph Fourier University (UJF, Université Joseph Fourier, also known as Grenoble I) was a French university situated in the city of Grenoble and focused on the fields of sciences, technologies and health.

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Jovinus

Jovinus was a Gallo-Roman senator and claimed to be Roman Emperor (411–413 AD).

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Jules Guesde

Jules Bazile, known as Jules Guesde (11 November 1845 – 28 July 1922) was a French socialist journalist and politician.

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Jules Nadi

Jules Camille Victor Pomaret, known as Jules Nadi (Nadi, the anagram of his wife, Dina) (19 May 1872 – 7 November 1928) was a French politician who represented Drôme in southeastern France.

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Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), known by his cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and military general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

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Karuizawa, Nagano

Karuizawa main street is a town located in Kitasaku District in south-central Nagano Prefecture, in the Chūbu region of Japan.

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Kendo

is a traditional Japanese martial art, which descended from swordsmanship (kenjutsu) and uses bamboo swords (shinai) and protective armour (bōgu).

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La Roche-de-Glun

La Roche-de-Glun is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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La Voulte-sur-Rhône

La Voulte-sur-Rhône is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.

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Lagrasse

Lagrasse is a commune in the Aude department in southern France.

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Land value tax

A land/location value tax (LVT), also called a site valuation tax, split rate tax, or site-value rating, is an ad valorem levy on the unimproved value of land.

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Largentière

Largentière (L'Argentièira in Occitan) is a commune and sub-prefecture of the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southern France.

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Laurent Joubert

Laurent Joubert (16 December 1529, Dauphiné, France - 21 October 1582, near Montpellier, France) was a French physician.

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Laurent Ruquier

Laurent Hugues Emmanuel Ruquier (born 24 February 1963) is a French television presenter, radio host and comedian.

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Lavandula

Lavandula (common name lavender) is a genus of 47 known species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae.

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Lazare Hoche

Louis Lazare Hoche (24 June 1768 – 19 September 1797) was a French soldier who rose to be general of the Revolutionary army.

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Le Dauphiné libéré

Le Dauphiné libéré is a provincial daily French newspaper known for its emphasis on local news and events.

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Le Puy-en-Velay

Le Puy-en-Velay (Lo Puèi de Velai) is a commune in the Haute-Loire department in south-central France near the Loire river.

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Lebanese Civil War

The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية – Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.

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Leper colony

A leper colony, leprosarium, or lazar house is a place to quarantine people with leprosy (Hansen's disease).

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Les Braqueuses

Les Braqueuses is a 1994 French comedy crime film, directed by Jean-Paul Salomé.

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Les Grands Ducs

Les Grands Ducs (English: The Big Dukes) is a 1996 comedy film directed by Patrice Leconte, starring Jean-Pierre Marielle, Philippe Noiret, Jean Rochefort and Catherine Jacob.

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Les Liaisons dangereuses

Les Liaisons dangereuses (Dangerous Liaisons) is a French epistolary novel by Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, first published in four volumes by Durand Neveu from March 23, 1782.

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LGV Méditerranée

The LGV Méditerranée (French: Ligne à Grande Vitesse; English: high-speed line) is a 250 kilometre-long (160 miles) French high-speed rail line running between Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence, Drôme and Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône, also featuring a connection to Nîmes, Gard (west of the line).

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LGV Rhône-Alpes

The LGV Rhône-Alpes (French: Ligne à Grande Vitesse; English: high-speed line) is a French high-speed rail line situated in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region which extends the LGV Sud-Est southwards.

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Libretto

A libretto is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical.

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Ligue 1

Ligue 1, also called Ligue 1 Conforama for sponsorship reasons with Conforama, is a French professional league for men's association football clubs.

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List of culinary fruits

This list of culinary fruits contains the names of some fruits that are considered edible in some cuisines.

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List of Roman emperors

The Roman Emperors were rulers of the Roman Empire, wielding power over its citizens and military.

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Livy

Titus Livius Patavinus (64 or 59 BCAD 12 or 17) – often rendered as Titus Livy, or simply Livy, in English language sources – was a Roman historian.

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Loess

Loess (from German Löss) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.

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Lombez

Lombez is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.

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Louis Aragon

Louis Aragon (3 October 1897 – 24 December 1982) was a French poet, who was one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France, who co-founded with André Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review Littérature.

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Louis Gallet

Louis Gallet (14 February 1835 in Valence, Drôme – 16 October 1898) was a French writer of operatic libretti, plays, romances, memoirs, pamphlets, and innumerable articles, who is remembered above all for his adaptations of fiction—and Scripture— to provide librettos of cantatas and opera, notably by composers Georges Bizet, Camille Saint-Saëns and Jules Massenet.

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Louis Le Cardonnel

Louis Le Cardonnel (22 February 1862 – 28 May 1936) was a Roman Catholic priest and French poet.

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Louis Mandrin

Louis Mandrin (pronounced lwi mɑ̃dʁɛ̃; February 11, 1725 – May 26, 1755) was a French smuggler (highwayman) from Dauphiné.

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Louis Moyroud

Louis Marius Moyroud (pronounced MOY-rood; February 16, 1914 – June 28, 2010) was a French-born American inventor who co-developed the phototypesetting process with Rene Alphonse Higonnet, which allows text and images to be printed on paper using a photoengraving process, a method that made the traditional publishing method of hot metal typesetting obsolete.

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Louis Nicollin

Louis Nicollin (29 June 1943 – 29 June 2017) was a French entrepreneur and director of the Nicollin Company, which specializes in the collection and reprocessing of household and industrial waste.

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Louis Philippe I

Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 as the leader of the Orléanist party.

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Louis the Blind

Louis the Blind (880 – 5 June 928) was the king of Provence from 11 January 887, King of Italy from 12 October 900, and briefly Holy Roman Emperor, as Louis III, between 901 and 905.

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Louis XI of France

Louis XI (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483), called "Louis the Prudent" (le Prudent), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1461 to 1483.

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Louis XIII of France

Louis XIII (27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1610 to 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.

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Louis-Jules Bouchot

Louis-Jules Bouchot (12 August 1817 - 15 August 1907) was a 19th-century French architect responsible in particular for the construction of the Nice and Milan railway stations.

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Lyon

Lyon (Liyon), is the third-largest city and second-largest urban area of France.

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Lyon–Saint-Exupéry Airport

Lyon–Saint Exupéry Airport (Aéroport de Lyon-Saint Exupéry), formerly known as Lyon Satolas Airport, is the international airport of Lyon, the third-biggest city in France and an important transport facility for the entire Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

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Maison Pic

Maison Pic is a top five star hotel and restaurant located in Valence, Drôme, France.

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Malatya

Malatya (Մալաթիա Malat'ya; Meletî; ܡܠܝܛܝܢܐ Malīṭīná; مالاتيا) is a large city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province.

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Malissard

Malissard is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Mantes-la-Jolie

Mantes-la-Jolie (often informally called Mantes) is a commune based in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

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Maquis (World War II)

The Maquis were rural guerrilla bands of French Resistance fighters, called maquisards, during the Occupation of France in World War II.

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Marc Aryan

Henri Markarian, better known as Marc Aryan (14 November 1926 in Valence, France – 30 November 1985 in Ohain, Belgium), was a French-Belgian singer, songwriter, and record producer of Armenian descent born as a French citizen, who also acquired Belgian citizenship after a long residency in the country.

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Marc Seguin

Marc Seguin (20 April 1786 – 24 February 1875) was a French engineer, inventor of the wire-cable suspension bridge and the multi-tubular steam-engine boiler.

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Marie Gillain

Marie Gillain O.M.W. (born 18 June 1975) is a Belgian actress.

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Marsanne, Drôme

Marsanne is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Marseille

Marseille (Provençal: Marselha), is the second-largest city of France and the largest city of the Provence historical region.

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Marthe Camille Bachasson, Count of Montalivet

Marthe Camille Bachasson, 3rd Count of Montalivet (24 April 1801, Valence – 4 January 1880, Saint-Bouize) was a French statesman and a Peer of France.

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Massif Central

The Massif Central (Massís Central) is a highland region in the middle of southern France, consisting of mountains and plateaus.

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Mathias Malzieu

Mathias Malzieu (born 1974), the lead singer of the French band Dionysos, co-founded the group in 1993 when he lived in Valence in Drôme (Occitania).

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Mayor (France)

In France, a mayor (maire in French) is chairperson of the municipal council, which organizes the work and deliberates on municipal matters.

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Météo-France

Météo-France is the French national meteorological service.

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Medeea Marinescu

Medeea Ana-Maria Marinescu (born 27 May 1974 in Bucharest) is a Romanian film actress.

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Mediterranean Basin

In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.

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Mediterranean climate

A Mediterranean climate or dry summer climate is characterized by rainy winters and dry summers.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Metallurgy

Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys.

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Michèle Laroque

Michèle Laroque (born 15 June 1960) is a French actress, comedian, humorist, producer and screenwriter.

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Michel Blanc

Michel Blanc (born 16 April 1952) is a French actor and director.

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Michel de Ré

Michel de Ré (25 February 1925 - 15 March 1979) was a French actor and theatre director.

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Michelin Guide

Michelin Guides are a series of guide books published by the French tyre company Michelin for more than a century.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Migration Period

The Migration Period was a period during the decline of the Roman Empire around the 4th to 6th centuries AD in which there were widespread migrations of peoples within or into Europe, mostly into Roman territory, notably the Germanic tribes and the Huns.

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Miocene

The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).

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Miou-Miou

Miou-Miou (born Sylvette Herry on 22 February 1950) is a French actress.

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Missak Manouchian

Missak Manouchian (Western Միսաք Մանուշեան;, 1 September 1906 – 21 February 1944) was a French-Armenian poet and communist activist.

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Mistral (wind)

The mistral (Mestral, Μαΐστρος, Maestrale, Corsican: Maestral) is a strong, cold, northwesterly wind that blows from southern France into the Gulf of Lion in the northern Mediterranean, with sustained winds often exceeding, sometimes reaching.

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Molasse

The term "molasse" refers to sandstones, shales and conglomerates that form as terrestrial or shallow marine deposits in front of rising mountain chains.

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Monarchy of Monaco

The Sovereign Prince or Princess of Monaco is the reigning monarch and head of state of the Principality of Monaco.

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Montéléger

Montéléger is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Montélier

Montélier is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Montélimar

Montélimar (Montelaimar; Acumum) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Montmeyran

Montmeyran is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Montoison

Montoison is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Montpellier

Montpellier (Montpelhièr) is a city in southern France.

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Montpellier HSC

Montpellier Hérault Sport Club (commonly referred to as Montpellier HSC or simply Montpellier) is a French association football club based in the city of Montpellier.

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Montvendre

Montvendre is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Monument historique

* Monument historique is a designation given to some national heritage sites in France.

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Moraine

A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (regolith and rock) that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth (i.e. a past glacial maximum), through geomorphological processes.

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Municipal council (France)

In France, a municipal council (French: conseil municipal) is an elected body of the commune responsible for "executing, in its deliberations, the business of the town" (translated).

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Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris

Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (City of Paris' Museum of Modern Art) or MAMVP, is a major municipal museum dedicated to modern and contemporary art of the 20th and 21st centuries.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Mysticism

Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.

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Naginata

The naginata (なぎなた, 薙刀) is one of several varieties of traditionally made Japanese blades (''nihonto'') in the form of a pole weapon.

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Naples

Naples (Napoli, Napule or; Neapolis; lit) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Napoleon III

Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and as Napoleon III the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.

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Nathalie Baye

Nathalie Marie Andrée Baye (born 6 July 1948) is a French film, television and stage actress.

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National Guard (France)

The National Guard (la Garde nationale) is a French gendarmerie that existed from 1789 to 1872, including a period of official dissolution from 1827 to 1830, re-founded in 2016.

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National Rally (France)

The National Rally (Rassemblement national, RN), formerly known as the National Front (Front national,; FN) until 2018, is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party in France.

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Natural heritage

Natural heritage refers to the sum total of the elements of biodiversity, including flora and fauna, ecosystems and geological structures.

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Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin (NG), also known as nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin (TNG), trinitroglycerine, nitro, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), or 1,2,3-trinitroxypropane, is a heavy, colorless, oily, explosive liquid most commonly produced by nitrating glycerol with white fuming nitric acid under conditions appropriate to the formation of the nitric acid ester.

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Occitan language

Occitan, also known as lenga d'òc (langue d'oc) by its native speakers, is a Romance language.

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Odeon (building)

Odeon is the name for several ancient Greek and Roman buildings built for music: singing exercises, musical shows, poetry competitions, and the like.

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Olivier Broche

Olivier Broche (born 18 December 1963) is a French actor and producer.

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Olympique de Valence

Olympique de Valence (formerly Association Sportive Valence), simply known as Valence, is a French association football club based in the town of Valence, Drôme.

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On n'demande qu'à en rire

On n'demande qu'à en rire (literally "We ask only to laugh at it"; often abbreviated as ONDAR) is a French comedy television programme.

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Orange blossom

The Orange blossom is the fragrant flower of the ''Citrus sinensis'' (orange tree).

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Orosius

Paulus Orosius (born 375, died after 418 AD) — less often Paul Orosius in English — was a Gallaecian Chalcedonian priest, historian and theologian, a student of Augustine of Hippo.

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Palace of Versailles

The Palace of Versailles (Château de Versailles;, or) was the principal residence of the Kings of France from Louis XIV in 1682 until the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789.

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Palm Sunday

Palm Sunday is a Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter.

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Paris–Marseille railway

The railway from Paris to Marseille is a 862-kilometre long railway line, that connects Paris to the southern port city of Marseille, France via Dijon and Lyon.

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Passe-passe

Passe-passe is a 2008 French film directed and written by Tonie Marshall.

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Pathogenic bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.

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Patrice Leconte

Patrice Leconte (born 12 November 1947) is a French film director, actor, comic strip writer, and screenwriter.

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Patrick Dewaere

Patrick Dewaere (26 January 1947 – 16 July 1982) was a French film actor.

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Patrick Labaune

Patrick Labaune (born 13 June 1951 in Paris) is a member of the National Assembly of France.

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Paul Ricœur

Jean Paul Gustave Ricœur (27 February 1913 – 20 May 2005) was a French philosopher best known for combining phenomenological description with hermeneutics.

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Paul-Jacques Bonzon

Paul-Jacques Bonzon (August 31, 1908 - September 24, 1978) was a French writer, best known for the series Les six compagnons ("Six companions").

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Peach

The peach (Prunus persica) is a deciduous tree native to the region of Northwest China between the Tarim Basin and the north slopes of the Kunlun Mountains, where it was first domesticated and cultivated.

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Pebble

A pebble is a clast of rock with a particle size of 2 to 64 millimetres based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology.

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Petit Trianon

The Petit Trianon (French for "small Trianon"), built between 1762 and 1768 during the reign of Louis XV of France, is a small château located on the grounds of the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France.

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Philippe Lioret

Philippe Lioret (born 10 October 1955) is a French film director, screenwriter and producer.

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Philippe Noiret

Philippe Noiret (1 October 1930 – 23 November 2006) was a French film actor.

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Physical therapy

Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions that, by using mechanical force and movements (bio-mechanics or kinesiology), manual therapy, exercise therapy, and electrotherapy, remediates impairments and promotes mobility and function.

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Pierre Choderlos de Laclos

Pierre Ambroise François Choderlos de Laclos (18 October 1741 – 5 September 1803) was a French novelist, official, freemason and army general, best known for writing the epistolary novel Les Liaisons dangereuses (Dangerous Liaisons) (1782).

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Pierre Mendès-France University

Pierre Mendès-France University (UPMF, Université Pierre Mendès France, also known as Grenoble II) was a French university, based in Grenoble, focused on social sciences.

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Pinus halepensis

Pinus halepensis, commonly known as the Aleppo pine, is a pine native to the Mediterranean region.

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Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP.

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Plum pox

Plum pox, also known as sharka, is the most devastating viral disease of stone fruit from the genus Prunus.

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Pope Pius VI

Pope Pius VI (25 December 1717 – 29 August 1799), born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 February 1775 to his death in 1799.

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Pope Pius VII

Pope Pius VII (14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823), born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 14 March 1800 to his death in 1823.

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Pope Urban II

Pope Urban II (Urbanus II; – 29 July 1099), born Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was Pope from 12 March 1088 to his death in 1099.

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Portes-lès-Valence

Portes-lès-Valence is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Postcard

A postcard or post card is a rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended for writing and mailing without an envelope.

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Prefectures in France

A prefecture (préfecture) in France may refer to.

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President

The president is a common title for the head of state in most republics.

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Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter

The Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri; FSSP) is a traditionalist Catholic society of apostolic life for priests and seminarians which is in communion with the Holy See.

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Privas

Privas (Privàs) is a commune of France, capital of the Ardèche department.

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Prosper Mérimée

Prosper Mérimée (28 September 1803 – 23 September 1870) was an important French writer in the school of Romanticism, and one of the pioneers of the novella, a short novel or long short story.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Provence

Provence (Provençal: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône River to the west to the Italian border to the east, and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south.

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Provinces of France

The Kingdom of France was organized into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the department (French: département) system superseded provinces.

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Prunus armeniaca

Prunus armeniaca ("Armenian plum"), the most commonly cultivated apricot species, also called ansu apricot, Siberian apricot, Tibetan apricot, is a species of Prunus, classified with the plum in the subgenus Prunus.

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Prunus cerasus

Prunus cerasus (sour cherry, tart cherry, or dwarf cherry) is a species of Prunus in the subgenus Cerasus (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia.

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Puy-de-Dôme

Puy-de-Dôme ((Auvergnat: lo Puèi de Doma or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the centre of France named after the famous dormant volcano, the Puy de Dôme. Inhabitants were called Puydedomois until December 2005. With effect from Spring 2006, in response to a letter writing campaign, the name used for the inhabitants was changed by the Puy-de-Dôme General Council to Puydômois, and this is the name that has since then been used in all official documents and publications.

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Quarter (urban subdivision)

A quarter is a section of an urban settlement.

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Quaternary

Quaternary is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).

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Quercus ilex

Quercus ilex, the evergreen oak, holly oak or holm oak, is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region.

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Quercus pubescens

Quercus pubescens, the downy oak or pubescent oak, is a species of white oak (genus Quercus sect. Quercus) native to southern Europe and southwest Asia, from northern Spain (Pyrenees) east to the Crimea and the Caucasus.

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Quercus robur

Quercus robur, commonly known as common oak, pedunculate oak, European oak or English oak, is a species of flowering plant in the beech and oak family, Fagaceae.

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Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus

Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus, was a Roman statesman and general who was elected consul in 121 BC.

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Racing 92

Racing 92 is a French rugby union club based in suburban Paris that was formed in 2001 with the collaboration of the Racing Club de France and US Métro.

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Radical Party of the Left

The Radical Party of the Left (Parti radical de gauche, PRG) was a social-liberal political party in France.

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Rally for the Republic

The Rally for the Republic (Rassemblement pour la République; RPR), was a Neo-Gaullist and conservative political party in France.

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Raspberry

The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus; the name also applies to these plants themselves.

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Rassemblement bleu Marine

Rassemblement bleu Marine (RBM) is a French political coalition of right-wing and far-right political parties created by Marine Le Pen in 2012 before the legislative elections.

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Raymond Peynet

Raymond Peynet (November 16, 1908 – January 14, 1999) was a French cartoonist born in Paris and died in Mougins (Alpes-Maritimes).

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Reaction ferry

A reaction ferry is a cable ferry that uses the reaction of the current of a river against a fixed tether to propel the vessel across the water.

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Reactionary

A reactionary is a person who holds political views that favor a return to the status quo ante, the previous political state of society, which they believe possessed characteristics (discipline, respect for authority, etc.) that are negatively absent from the contemporary status quo of a society.

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Recollects

The Recollects (Récollets) were a French reform branch of the Order of Friars Minor, commonly known today as the Franciscans (Ordo fratrum minorum recollectorum).

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Reformed Church of France

The Reformed Church of France (Église Réformée de France, ERF) was the main Protestant denomination in France with a Reformed orientation that could be traced back directly to John Calvin.

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Regions of France

France is divided into 18 administrative regions (région), including 13 metropolitan regions and 5 overseas regions.

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Reims

Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.

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Renaissance architecture

Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 14th and early 17th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.

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René Alphonse Higonnet

René Alphonse Higonnet (April 5, 1902 – October 13, 1983) was a French engineer and inventor who co-developed the phototypesetting process with Louis Moyroud, which allows text and images to be printed on paper using a photoengraving process, a method that made the traditional publishing method of hot metal typesetting obsolete.

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Republican Union (France)

The Republican Union (Union républicaine, UR) was a French parliamentary group, founded in 1871 as a heterogeneus alliance of moderate radicals, former Communards and opponents to the French-Prussian Treaty.

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Rhône

The Rhône (Le Rhône; Rhone; Walliser German: Rotten; Rodano; Rôno; Ròse) is one of the major rivers of Europe and has twice the average discharge of the Loire (which is the longest French river), rising in the Rhône Glacier in the Swiss Alps at the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais, passing through Lake Geneva and running through southeastern France.

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Rhône-Alpes

Rhône-Alpes (Arpitan: Rôno-Arpes; Ròse-Aups; Rodano-Alpi) is a former administrative region of France.

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Riens du tout

Riens du tout (English:Little Nothings) is a 1992 French comedy film directed by Cédric Klapisch.

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Ring road

A ring road (also known as beltline, beltway, circumferential (high)way, loop or orbital) is a road or a series of connected roads encircling a town, city, or country.

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Riss glaciation

The Riss glaciation, Riss Glaciation, Riss ice age, Riss Ice Age, Riss glacial or Riss Glacial (Riß-Kaltzeit, Riß-Glazial, Riß-Komplex or (obsolete) Riß-Eiszeit) is the second youngest glaciation of the Pleistocene epoch in the traditional, quadripartite glacial classification of the Alps.

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Robert Hirsch (actor)

Robert Hirsch (26 July 1925 – 16 November 2017) was a French actor.

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ROC La Voulte-Valence

ROC La Voulte-Valence (French: Rhône ovalie club La Voulte-Valence) is a French rugby union club based in Valence, Drôme and playing home matches in Valence and La Voulte-sur-Rhône in the adjacent department of Ardèche.

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Roller in-line hockey

Roller in-line hockey is a team sport played on a wood, asphalt, cement or sport tile surface, in which players use a hockey stick to shoot a hard plastic hockey puck into their opponent's goal to score points.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienne

The Archbishopric of Vienne, named after its episcopal see Vienne in the Isère département of southern France, was a metropolitan Roman Catholic archdiocese.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux) (Latin: Dioecesis Valentinensis (–Diensis–Sancti Pauli Tricastinorum); French: Diocèse de Valence (–Die–Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux) is a diocese of the Latin Church of the Roman Catholic Church in southern France. The contemporary diocese is co-extensive with the department of Drôme. The Cathedral of Valence was originally dedicated to Saints Cornelius and Cyprianus (Bishops of Rome and of Carthage, both mid-third century martyrs), but in 1095, during his visit to France to rouse up the aristocracy for a Crusade to liberate the Holy Land, Pope Urban II rededicated the cathedral to Saint Apollinaris, one of Valence's sixth century bishops. The Cathedral had fourteen Canons, including a Dean, a Provost, the Archdeacon, a Theologian, and the Abbot of S. Felix. In the Great Western Schism (1378–1417), the Bishops of Valence-et-Die were all appointed by and were loyal to the Popes of the Avignon Obedience. Pope Pius VI, who had been taken prisoner and deported from Italy by troops of the French Directory, was imprisoned in the fortress of Valence. After six weeks he died there, on 29 August 1799. His body was buried in the chapel, and a month later, on First Consul Napoleon's orders, given a public funeral and buried in the town cemetery.

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Roman temple

Ancient Roman temples were among the most important buildings in Roman culture, and some of the richest buildings in Roman architecture, though only a few survive in any sort of complete state.

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Romanesque art

Romanesque art is the art of Europe from approximately 1000 AD to the rise of the Gothic style in the 12th century, or later, depending on region.

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Romans-sur-Isère

Romans-sur-Isère (Occitan: Rumans d'Isèra;Old Occitan: Romans) is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Route nationale 7

The Route nationale 7, or RN 7, is a trunk road (nationale) in France between Paris and the border with Italy.

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Rugby union

Rugby union, commonly known in most of the world as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century.

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Rugby union positions

In the game of rugby union, there are 15 players on each team, comprising eight forwards (numbered 1–8) and seven backs (numbered 9–15).

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SAGEM

SAGEM (Société d’Applications Générales de l’Électricité et de la Mécanique, translated as "Company of General Applications of Electricity and Mechanics") was a major French company involved in defense electronics, consumer electronics and communication systems.

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Saint-Étienne

Saint-Étienne (Sant-Etiève; Saint Stephen) is a city in eastern central France, in the Massif Central, southwest of Lyon in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, on the trunk road that connects Toulouse with Lyon.

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Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs

Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.

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Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence

Saint-Marcel-lès-Valence is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Saint-Michel-en-l'Herm

Saint-Michel-en-l'Herm is a commune in the Vendée department in the Pays de la Loire region in western France.

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Saint-Péray

Saint-Péray is a commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southern France.

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Saint-Valentin

Saint-Valentin is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

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Sainte-Marie-du-Mont, Isère

Sainte-Marie-du-Mont, Isère is a commune in the Isère department in southeastern France.

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Sakutō, Okayama

was a town located in Aida District, Okayama Prefecture, Japan.

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Salyes

The Salyes (Greek: Σάλυες) or Salluvii in ancient geography, were a Gallic confederation that occupied the plain of the Druentia (Durance) in southern Gaul between the Rhône River and the Alps.

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Sanguine

Sanguine or red chalk is chalk of a reddish-brown colour, so called because it resembles the colour of dried blood.

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Santiago de Compostela

Santiago de Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia, in northwestern Spain.

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Saracen

Saracen was a term widely used among Christian writers in Europe during the Middle Ages.

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Savoy

Savoy (Savouè,; Savoie; Savoia) is a cultural region in Western Europe.

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Sébastien Chabal

Sébastien Chabal (born 8 December 1977) is a retired French rugby union player.

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Schneider Electric

Schneider Electric SE is a European multinational corporation that specializes in energy management, automation solutions, spanning hardware, software, and services.

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School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences

The School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (École des hautes études en sciences sociales; also known as EHESS) is a French grande école (élite higher-education establishment that operates outside the regulatory framework of the public university system) specialised in the social sciences and often considered as the most prestigious institution for the social sciences in France.

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School of Applied Artillery

The School of Applied Artillery (French: École d'application de l'artillerie) is an applied military academy of the French Army.

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Seat of local government

In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre, (in the UK or Australia) a guildhall, a Rathaus (German), or (more rarely) a municipal building, is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality.

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Sebastianus

Sebastianus (died 413), a brother of Jovinus, was an aristocrat of southern Gaul.

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Serge Riaboukine

Serge Riaboukine (born 29 December 1957) is a French actor.

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Service (economics)

In economics, a service is a transaction in which no physical goods are transferred from the seller to the buyer.

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Service du travail obligatoire

The Service du travail obligatoire (Compulsory Work Service; STO) was the forced enlistment and deportation of hundreds of thousands of French workers to Nazi Germany to work as forced labour for the German war effort during World War II.

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Shortcrust pastry

Shortcrust pastry is a type of pastry often used for the base of a tart, quiche or pie.

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Smoove

Smoove is a French company that designs, manufactures and markets products related to bike-sharing.

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Social security

Social security is "any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income." Social security is enshrined in Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states: Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

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Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party (Parti socialiste, PS) is a social-democratic political party in France, and the largest party of the French centre-left.

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Société de Transports de l'Agglomération Stéphanoise

Société de Transports de l'Agglomération Stéphanoise, or STAS operates a public transport network and infrastructure in and around Saint-Étienne.

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Sophie Guillemin

Sophie Guillemin (born 1 December 1977) is a French actress.

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Southern France

Southern France or the South of France, colloquially known as le Midi, is a defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that border the Atlantic Ocean south of the Marais Poitevin, Spain, the Mediterranean, and Italy.

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Soyons

Soyons is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.

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Spider-Man

Spider-Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

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Squash (sport)

Squash is a ball sport played by two (singles) or four players (doubles squash) in a four-walled court with a small, hollow rubber ball.

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Stade Georges Pompidou

Stade Georges Pompidou is a stadium in Valence, France.

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Stendhal University

Stendhal University (Université Stendhal, also known as Grenoble III) was a university located in the outskirts of Grenoble, France that offered courses in foreign languages and cultures, ancient and modern literature, language and communication sciences.

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Storming of the Bastille

The Storming of the Bastille (Prise de la Bastille) occurred in Paris, France, on the afternoon of 14 July 1789.

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Strabo

Strabo (Στράβων Strábōn; 64 or 63 BC AD 24) was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

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Street or road name

A street or road name or odonym is an identifying name given to a street.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Syria

Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.

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Tain-l'Hermitage

Tain-l'Hermitage is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France.

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Temperate climate

In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.

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TER Rhône-Alpes

TER Rhône-Alpes was the regional rail network serving Rhône-Alpes région, eastern France.

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Territorial collectivity

A territorial collectivity (or territorial authority, collectivité territoriale, previously collectivité locale) is a chartered subdivision of France, with recognized governing authority.

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Teutons

The Teutons (Latin: Teutones, Teutoni, Greek: "Τεύτονες") were an ancient tribe mentioned by Roman authors.

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TGV

The TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse, "high-speed train") is France's intercity high-speed rail service, operated by the SNCF, the state-owned national rail operator.

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Thales Group

Thales Group is a French multinational company that designs and builds electrical systems and provides services for the aerospace, defence, transportation and security markets.

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The Salvation Army

The Salvation Army is a Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organisation structured in a quasi-military fashion.

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Thermae

In ancient Rome, thermae (from Greek θερμός thermos, "hot") and balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneion) were facilities for bathing.

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Thomson-CSF

Thomson-CSF was a major electronics and defence contractor.

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Three Hearts (film)

Three Hearts (3 cœurs) is a 2014 French drama film directed by Benoît Jacquot and co-written with Julien Boivent.

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Thymus (plant)

The genus Thymus (thymes) contains about 350 species of aromatic perennial herbaceous plants and subshrubs to 40 cm tall in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions in Europe, North Africa and Asia.

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Tilia

Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees, or bushes, native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

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Tonie Marshall

Tonie Marshall (born 29 November 1951) is a French American actress, screenwriter, and film director.

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Tournon-sur-Rhône

Tournon-sur-Rhône is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.

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Towpath

A towpath is a road or trail on the bank of a river, canal, or other inland waterway.

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Transdev

Transdev, formerly Veolia Transdev, is a French-based international private public transport operator, with operations in 20 countries as of June 2018, including its future Czech bus operations starting from December 2018.

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Transport express régional

Transport express régional (usually shortened to TER) is the brand name used by the SNCF, the French national railway company, to denote rail service run by the regional councils of France, specifically their organised transport authorities.

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Transports en commun lyonnais

The Transports en commun lyonnais (Lyon public transport in French) (usually referred to as TCL) is the Lyon public transport agency.

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Treasury

A treasury is either.

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Triathlon

A triathlon is a multiple-stage competition involving the completion of three continuous and sequential endurance disciplines.

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Tridentine Mass

The Tridentine Mass, the 1962 version of which has been officially declared the (authorized) extraordinary form of the Roman Rite of Mass (Extraordinary Form for short), is the Roman Rite Mass which appears in typical editions of the Roman Missal published from 1570 to 1962.

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Trompe-l'œil

Trompe-l'œil (French for "deceive the eye", pronounced) is an art technique that uses realistic imagery to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects exist in three dimensions.

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True Cross

The True Cross is the name for physical remnants which, by a Christian Church tradition, are said to be from the cross upon which Jesus was crucified.

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Union for a Popular Movement

The Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un mouvement populaire; UMP) was a centre-right political party in France that was one of the two major contemporary political parties in France along with the centre-left Socialist Party (PS).

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Union of Democrats and Independents

The Union of Democrats and Independents (Union des démocrates et indépendants, UDI) is a centrist political party in France founded on 18 September 2012 on the basis of the parliamentary group of the same name in the National Assembly.

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University Institutes of Technology

The Instituts universitaires de technologie or IUT (translated as "University Institutes of Technology") are part of the university system in France.

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Urban renewal

Urban renewal (also called urban regeneration in the United Kingdom, urban renewal or urban redevelopment in the United States) is a program of land redevelopment in cities, often where there is urban decay.

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Uzès

Uzès is a small town and a commune in the Gard department in southern France.

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Valence (city)

Valence (Valença) is a commune in southeastern France, the capital of the Drôme department and within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

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Valence Cathedral

Valence Cathedral (French: Cathédrale Saint-Apollinaire de Valence) is a Roman Catholic church in Valence, Drôme, France.

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Valence Sportif

Valence Sportif was a French rugby union club based in Valence, Drôme.

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Valence-Chabeuil Airport

Valence - Chabeuil Airport is an airport in France, located about east of Valence (in the Drôme department, Rhone-Alpes region) and approximately south-southeast of Paris.

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Valentinian I

Valentinian I (Flavius Valentinianus Augustus; Οὐαλεντινιανός; 3 July 32117 November 375), also known as Valentinian the Great, was Roman emperor from 364 to 375.

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Vercors Massif

The Vercors Massif is a range in France consisting of rugged plateaux and mountains straddling the départements of Isère and Drôme in the French Prealps.

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Via Agrippa

Via Agrippa, is any stretch of the network of Roman roads in Gaul that was built by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, to whom Octavian entrusted the reorganization of the Gauls.

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Victor Sappey

The French sculptor Victor Sappey was born in Grenoble in Isère on 11 February 1801 and died on 23 March 1856.

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Vienne, Isère

Vienne (Vièna) is a commune in southeastern France, located south of Lyon, on the river Rhône.

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Vincent Lindon

Vincent Lindon (born 15 July 1959) is a French actor and filmmaker who has been active for more than 30 years.

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Visigoths

The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi; Visigoti) were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths.

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Visual flight rules

Visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of regulations under which a pilot operates an aircraft in weather conditions generally clear enough to allow the pilot to see where the aircraft is going.

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Voiron

Voiron is a commune, (French municipality) in the ninth district of the Isère department in southeastern France.

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War memorial

A war memorial is a building, monument, statue or other edifice to celebrate a war or victory, or (predominating in modern times) to commemorate those who died or were injured in a war.

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Würzburg

Würzburg (Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is a city in the region of Franconia, northern Bavaria, Germany.

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Wladimir Yordanoff

Wladimir Yordanoff (Владимир Йорданов; born 28 March 1954) is a French actor of Bulgarian origin.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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1996 Tour de France

The 1996 Tour de France was the 83rd edition of the Tour de France, starting on 29 June and ending on 21 July, featuring 19 regular stages, 2 individual time trials, a prologue and a rest day (10 July).

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1st Artillery Regiment (France)

The 1st Artillery Regiment is a regiment of artillery in the French Army.

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1st Parachute Hussar Regiment

The 1st Parachute Hussar Regiment (1er RHP) is an airborne cavalry unit in the French Army, founded in 1720 by Hungarian noble Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny.

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1st Spahi Regiment

The 1st Spahi Regiment (1er Régiment de Spahis.) is an armored regiment of the modern French Army, previously called the 1st Moroccan Spahi Regiment (1er Régiment de Spahis Marocains).

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2011–12 Championnat de France Amateur

The 2011–12 Championnat de France amateur season was the 14th since its establishment.

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2011–12 Ligue 1

The 2011–12 Ligue 1 season was the 74th since its establishment.

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2015 Tour de France

The 2015 Tour de France was the 102nd edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours.

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45th parallel north

The 45th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 45 degrees north of Earth's equator.

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Redirects here:

Duchy of Valentino, Duchy of Valentinois, Duchy of valentinois, Libelo, Libélo, Valence (Drome), Valence (Drôme), Valence, Drome, Valence, Drôme, Valence, France, Valence,Drome, Valence,Drôme, Valence-sur-Rhône, Valentinois.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(city)

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