159 relations: Angel Kanchev, Antarctic Place-names Commission, April Uprising of 1876, Arabakonak, Archimandrite, Association football, Austria-Hungary, Belgrade, Bucharest, Buenos Aires, Bulgaria, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian Exarchate, Bulgarian Legion, Bulgarian lev, Bulgarian literature, Bulgarian National Bank, Bulgarian National Radio, Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee, Bulgarian–Ottoman wars, Bulgarians in Romania, Cambridge University Press, Central European University, Chirpan, Chorbaji, Christian cross, Church of St Petka of the Saddlers, Danube, De jure, Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1789, Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, Dimitar Obshti, Dimitrovgrad, Serbia, Dobruja, Duke University Press, Eastern Orthodox Church, Egalitarianism, Elegy, Encryption, Epic of the Forgotten, Fayard, Filip Totyu, First Serbian Uprising, French Revolution, Gabrovo, Gallows, Georgi Sava Rakovski, Giuseppe Garibaldi, ..., Glorification, Gospel, Great power, Greece, Greek War of Independence, Gregorian calendar, Groschen, Hadzhi Dimitar, Hanging, Hierodeacon, Hilandar, Hristo Botev, Hristo Smirnenski, Iași, Ilyo Voyvoda, Initiation, Internal Revolutionary Organization, Istanbul, Ivan Vazov, Julian calendar, Kakrina, Karlovo, Kazanlak, Kragujevac, Kyustendil, Leon Trotsky, Levski Peak (Antarctica), Levski Ridge, Levski, Pleven Province, Liberation of Bulgaria, Livingston Island, Lovech, Ludogorie, Lyuben Karavelov, Macedonia (region), Matey Preobrazhenski, Mihail Kogălniceanu, Tulcea, Millet (Ottoman Empire), Moldova, Monument to Vasil Levski, Sofia, National Museum of Military History (Bulgaria), National Sports Academy "Vasil Levski", Nayden Gerov, Nikolay Haytov, Nikopol, Bulgaria, Northern Dobruja, Northern Hemisphere, Oath of allegiance, Ode, Ottoman Bulgaria, Ottoman dynasty, Ottoman Empire, Oxford University Press, Panayot Hitov, Parcani, Transnistria, Pazardzhik, Perushtitsa, PFC Levski Sofia, Pirot, Pleven, Plovdiv, Principality of Bulgaria, Principality of Serbia, Provisional government, Radio Bulgaria, Revolutionary, Romania, Romanization of Bulgarian, Rumelia, Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Second Serbian Uprising, Second-class citizen, Secret police, Serbia, Serbs, Sevlievo, Sick man of Europe, Sliven, Sofia, Sopot, Plovdiv Province, South Shetland Islands, Standard-bearer, Star Citizen, Stara Zagora, Stefan Karadzha, Stomach, Strandzha, Sub-Balkan valleys, Suzerainty, Tanzimat, The Sofia Echo, Treaty of San Stefano, Tryavna, Tulcea, Turkish lira, Turkish people, Turnu Măgurele, Tutrakan, University of Washington Press, Vasil Levski National Military University, Vasil Levski National Stadium, Velikite Balgari, Veliko Tarnovo, Vidin, Voynyagovo, Vratsa, Western world, Zaječar, 100 Greatest Britons. Expand index (109 more) »
Angel Kanchev
Angel Kanchev Angelov (Ангел Кънчев Ангелов) (1850 – 5 March 1872) was a Bulgarian revolutionary from Tryavna.
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Antarctic Place-names Commission
The Antarctic Place-names Commission was established by the Bulgarian Antarctic Institute in 1994, and since 2001 has been a body affiliated to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
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April Uprising of 1876
The April Uprising (Априлско въстание, Aprilsko vǎstanie) was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April to May 1876, which indirectly resulted in the re-establishment of Bulgaria in 1878.
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Arabakonak
Arabakonak (Арабаконак) or Botevgrad Pass is a mountain pass through the Balkan Mountains connecting Sofia with Botevgrad and Northern Bulgaria.
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Archimandrite
The title archimandrite (ἀρχιμανδρίτης archimandritis), primarily used in the Eastern Orthodox and the Eastern Catholic churches, originally referred to a superior abbot whom a bishop appointed to supervise several 'ordinary' abbots (each styled hegumenos) and monasteries, or to the abbot of some especially great and important monastery.
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Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.
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Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.
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Belgrade
Belgrade (Beograd / Београд, meaning "White city",; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city of Serbia.
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Bucharest
Bucharest (București) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre.
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Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.
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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS, in Bulgarian: Българска академия на науките, Balgarska akademiya na naukite, abbreviated БАН) is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869.
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Bulgarian Empire
In the medieval history of Europe, Bulgaria's status as the Bulgarian Empire (Българско царство, Balgarsko tsarstvo), wherein it acted as a key regional power (particularly rivaling Byzantium in Southeastern Europe) occurred in two distinct periods: between the seventh and eleventh centuries, and again between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries.
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Bulgarian Exarchate
The Bulgarian Exarchate (Българска екзархия Bǎlgarska ekzarhiya, Bulgar Eksarhlığı) was the official name of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church before its autocephaly was recognized by the Ecumenical See in 1945 and the Bulgarian Patriarchate was restored in 1953.
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Bulgarian Legion
The Bulgarian Legion (Българска легия, Balgarska legiya) was the name of two military bands formed by Bulgarian volunteers in the Serbian capital of Belgrade in the second part of the 19th century.
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Bulgarian lev
The lev (лев, plural: лева, левове / leva, levove) is the currency of Bulgaria.
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Bulgarian literature
Bulgarian literature is literature written by Bulgarians or residents of Bulgaria, or written in the Bulgarian language; usually the latter is the defining feature.
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Bulgarian National Bank
The Bulgarian National Bank (Българска народна банка, Balgarska narodna banka) is the central bank of the Republic of Bulgaria with its headquarters in Sofia.
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Bulgarian National Radio
Bulgarian National Radio (Българско национално радио, Bŭlgarsko natsionalno radio; abbreviated to БНР, BNR) is Bulgaria's national radio broadcasting organization.
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Bulgarian Orthodox Church
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква, Balgarska pravoslavna tsarkva) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church.
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Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee
The Bulgarian Revolutionary Central Committee (Български революционен централен комитет) or BRCC was a Bulgarian revolutionary organisation founded in 1869 among the Bulgarian emigrant circles in Romania.
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Bulgarian–Ottoman wars
The Bulgarian–Ottoman wars were fought between the kingdoms remaining from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire, in the second half of the 14th century.
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Bulgarians in Romania
Bulgarians (bulgari) are a recognized minority in Romania (Румъния, Rumaniya), numbering 7,336 according to the 2011 Romanian census, down from 8,025 in 2002.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Central European University
Central European University (CEU) is a graduate-level, private university accredited in Hungary and the U.S., located in Budapest.
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Chirpan
Chirpan (Чирпан) is a town on the Tekirska River in Stara Zagora Province of south-central Bulgaria.
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Chorbaji
Chorbaji (sometimes variously transliterated as tchorbadji, chorbadzhi, tschorbadji) (çorbacı) was a military rank of the corps of Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire, used for the commander of an orta (regiment), i.e., approximately corresponding to the rank of colonel.
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Christian cross
The Christian cross, seen as a representation of the instrument of the crucifixion of Jesus, is the best-known symbol of Christianity.
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Church of St Petka of the Saddlers
The Church of St Petka of the Saddlers (Църква „Света Петка Самарджийска“) is a medieval Bulgarian Orthodox church in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.
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Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
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De jure
In law and government, de jure (lit) describes practices that are legally recognised, whether or not the practices exist in reality.
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Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1789
The Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen of 1789 (Déclaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen de 1789), set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution.
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Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire
Beginning from the late eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire faced challenges defending itself against foreign invasion and occupation.
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Dimitar Obshti
Dimitar Obshti (Димитър Общи) was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary, who fought for the liberation of Bulgaria, Serbia and Crete from the Ottoman Empire, as well as for the Risorgimento of Italy.
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Dimitrovgrad, Serbia
Dimitrovgrad (Димитровград, Цариброд, Tsaribrod) is a town and municipality located in the Pirot District of southeastern Serbia.
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Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (Добруджа, transliterated: Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea or; Dobruca) is a historical region in Eastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.
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Duke University Press
Duke University Press is an academic publisher of books and journals, and a unit of Duke University.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Egalitarianism
Egalitarianism – or equalitarianism – is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people.
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Elegy
In English literature, an elegy is a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.
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Encryption
In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.
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Epic of the Forgotten
Epic of the Forgotten (Епопея на забравените; Epopeya na zabravenite) is a Bulgarian poetic saga written by Ivan Vazov to commemorate the Bulgarian fight for freedom against the Ottoman Empire and to criticize the moral decline of the Bulgarian nation after the Liberation, in comparison to the heroic figures and events of the then recent past.
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Fayard
Fayard (complete name: Librairie Arthème Fayard) is a French Paris-based publishing house established in 1857.
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Filip Totyu
Todor Todorov Topalov (or Topalski) (Тодор Тодоров Топалов or Топалски; 1830-23 March 1907), better known under the pseudonym Filip Totyu (Филип Тотю), was a Bulgarian revolutionary of the Bulgarian National Revival period and the voivode of an armed band of volunteers.
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First Serbian Uprising
The First Serbian Uprising (Први српски устанак, Prvi srpski ustanak, Birinci Sırp Ayaklanması) was an uprising of Serbs in the Sanjak of Smederevo against the Ottoman Empire from 14 February 1804 to 7 October 1813.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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Gabrovo
Gabrovo (Габрово) is a city in central northern Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Gabrovo Province.
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Gallows
A gallows (or scaffold) is a frame, typically wooden, used for execution by hanging.
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Georgi Sava Rakovski
Georgi Stoykov Rakovski (Георги Стойков Раковски) (1821 – 9 October 1867), known also Georgi Sava Rakovski (Георги Сава Раковски), born Sabi Stoykov Popovich (Съби Стойков Попович), was a 19th-century Bulgarian revolutionary, freemason, writer and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival and resistance against Ottoman rule.
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi; 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, politician and nationalist. He is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland" along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi has been called the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in Brazil, Uruguay and Europe. He personally commanded and fought in many military campaigns that led eventually to the Italian unification. Garibaldi was appointed general by the provisional government of Milan in 1848, General of the Roman Republic in 1849 by the Minister of War, and led the Expedition of the Thousand on behalf and with the consent of Victor Emmanuel II. His last military campaign took place during the Franco-Prussian War as commander of the Army of the Vosges. Garibaldi was very popular in Italy and abroad, aided by exceptional international media coverage at the time. Many of the greatest intellectuals of his time, such as Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, and George Sand, showered him with admiration. The United Kingdom and the United States helped him a great deal, offering him financial and military support in difficult circumstances. In the popular telling of his story, he is associated with the red shirts worn by his volunteers, the Garibaldini, in lieu of a uniform.
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Glorification
Glorification may have several meanings in the Christian religion.
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Gospel
Gospel is the Old English translation of Greek εὐαγγέλιον, evangelion, meaning "good news".
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Great power
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.
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Greece
No description.
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Greek War of Independence
The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση, Elliniki Epanastasi, or also referred to by Greeks in the 19th century as the Αγώνας, Agonas, "Struggle"; Ottoman: يونان عصياني Yunan İsyanı, "Greek Uprising"), was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1830.
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Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used civil calendar in the world.
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Groschen
Groschen (from grossus "thick", via Old Czech groš) was the (sometimes colloquial) name for a silver coin used in various states of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Hadzhi Dimitar
Dimitar Nikolov Asenov (Димитър Николов Асенов) (10 May 1840 – 10 August 1868), better known as Hadzhi Dimitar (Хаджи Димитър), was one of the most prominent Bulgarian voivode and revolutionaries working for the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule.
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Hanging
Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.
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Hierodeacon
A Hierodeacon (Greek: Ἱεροδιάκονος, Ierodiákonos; Slavonic: Ierodiakón), sometimes translated "deacon-monk", in Eastern Orthodox Christianity is a monk who has been ordained a deacon (or deacon who has been tonsured monk).
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Hilandar
The Hilandar Monastery (Манастир Хиландар,, Μονή Χιλανδαρίου) is the Serbian Orthodox monastery in Mount Athos in Greece.
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Hristo Botev
Hristo Botev (Христо Ботев, also transliterated as Hristo Botyov), born Hristo Botyov Petkov (Христо Ботьов Петков), was a Bulgarian poet and national revolutionary.
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Hristo Smirnenski
Hristo Smirnenski (Христо Смирненски), born Hristo Izmirliev, (September 17, 1898, OS - June 18, 1923) was a Bulgarian poet and prose writer who joined the Communist party and whose works championed socialist ideals in a light-hearted and humane style.
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Iași
Iași (also referred to as Jassy or Iassy) is the second-largest city in Romania, after the national capital Bucharest, and the seat of Iași County.
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Ilyo Voyvoda
Iliya Markov (Илия Марков, Илија Марков; May 28, 1805 – April 17, 1898), known as Ilyo Voyvoda or Dedo Iljo Maleshevski, was a Bulgarian revolutionary from the region of Macedonia, who is considered a national hero in both Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia.
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Initiation
Initiation is a rite of passage marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society.
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Internal Revolutionary Organization
The Internal Revolutionary Organisation (Вътрешна революционна организация) or IRO was a Bulgarian revolutionary organisation founded and built up by Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski in the period between 1869 and 1871.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
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Ivan Vazov
Ivan Minchov Vazov (Иван Минчов Вазов) (June 27, 1850 OS – September 22, 1921) was a Bulgarian poet, novelist and playwright, often referred to as "the Patriarch of Bulgarian literature".
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Julian calendar
The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC), was a reform of the Roman calendar.
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Kakrina
Kakrina (Къкрина) is a village in central northern Bulgaria, part of Lovech Municipality, Lovech Province.
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Karlovo
Kàrlovo (Карлово) is a picturesque and a historically important town in central Bulgaria located in a fertile valley along the river Stryama at the southern foot of the Balkan Mountains.
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Kazanlak
Kazanlak (Казанлъ̀к, Kazanlǎk, Thracian and Greek Σευθόπολις (Seuthopolis) is a Bulgarian town in Stara Zagora Province, located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, at the eastern end of the Rose Valley. It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Kazanlak Municipality. The town is among the 15 biggest industrial centres in Bulgaria, with a population of 47,325 people as of Feb 2011. It is the center of rose oil extraction in Bulgaria and the oil-producing rose of Kazanlak is one of the most widely recognizable national symbols.
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Kragujevac
Kragujevac (Крагујевац) is the fourth largest city of Serbia and the administrative center of the Šumadija District in central Serbia.
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Kyustendil
Kyustendil (Кюстендил) is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of the Kyustendil Province, a former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see.
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Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky (born Lev Davidovich Bronstein; – 21 August 1940) was a Russian revolutionary, theorist, and Soviet politician.
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Levski Peak (Antarctica)
Levski Peak (Връх Левски, Vrah Levski \'vr&h 'lev-ski\) is a mountain in Antarctica, rising to approximately in the western extremity of Levski Ridge, Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.
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Levski Ridge
Levski Ridge (Хребет Левски \'hre-bet 'lev-ski\) is the central ridge of the Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island.
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Levski, Pleven Province
Levski (Левски) is a town in central northern Bulgaria, an administrative center of the homonymous Levski Municipality in the very southeast of Pleven Province.
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Liberation of Bulgaria
In Bulgarian historiography, the Liberation of Bulgaria refers to those events of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 that led to the re-establishment of the Bulgarian state under the Treaty of San Stefano of March 3, 1878.
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Livingston Island
Livingston Island (Russian name Smolensk) is an Antarctic island in the South Shetland Islands, Western Antarctica lying between Greenwich Island and Snow Islands.
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Lovech
Lovech (Ловеч,, international transliteration Loveč, Lovcea) is a city in north-central Bulgaria.
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Ludogorie
The Ludogorie (Лудогорие, usually used with a definite article, Лудогорието, Ludogorieto) or Deliorman (Делиорман, Deliorman), all meaning "region of mad forests" (Bulgarian: lud - "mad", "crazy" and gora - "forest"), is a region in northeastern Bulgaria stretching over the plateau of the same name.
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Lyuben Karavelov
Lyuben Stoychev Karavelov (Любен Стойчев Каравелов) (c. 1834 – 21 January 1879) was a Bulgarian writer and an important figure of the Bulgarian National Revival.
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Macedonia (region)
Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe.
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Matey Preobrazhenski
Father Matey Preobrazhenski (Матей Преображенски, "Matthew of the Transfiguration"; 1828–1 March 1875) was the clerical name of Mono Petrov Seizmonov (Моно Петров Сеизмонов), nicknamed Mitkaloto ("The Wandering One"), Ochmatey or Ochkata, a Bulgarian Orthodox priest, revolutionary, enlightener and a close friend of Vasil Levski.
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Mihail Kogălniceanu, Tulcea
Mihail Kogălniceanu is a commune in Tulcea County, Romania.
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Millet (Ottoman Empire)
In the Ottoman Empire, a millet was a separate court of law pertaining to "personal law" under which a confessional community (a group abiding by the laws of Muslim Sharia, Christian Canon law, or Jewish Halakha) was allowed to rule itself under its own laws.
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Moldova
Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).
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Monument to Vasil Levski, Sofia
The Monument to Vasil Levski (Паметник на Васил Левски, Pametnik na Vasil Levski) in the centre of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, is one of the first monuments to be built in the then newly liberated Principality of Bulgaria.
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National Museum of Military History (Bulgaria)
The National Military History Museum (Национален военноисторически музей, Natsionalen voennoistoricheski muzey) is a museum dedicated to military history in Sofia, Bulgaria.
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National Sports Academy "Vasil Levski"
The Vassil Levski National Sports Academy (NSA; Национална Спортна Академия "Васил Левски") is Bulgaria's premiere higher education institution specializing in teaching physical education, physical therapy, and coaching.
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Nayden Gerov
Nayden Gerov (Найден Геров), born Nayden Gerov Hadzhidobrevich (Найден Геров Хаджидобревич) February 23, 1823, Koprivshtitsa – October 9, 1900, Plovdiv) was a Bulgarian linguist, folklorist, writer and public figure during the Bulgarian National Revival. Gerov was the son of Gero Dobrevich, a teacher. He studied at his father's school, then at a Greek school in Plovdiv from 1834 to 1836, again in his hometown until 1839, and finally in Odessa, in the Russian Empire, where he graduated from the Richelieu Lyceum in 1845. Gerov became a Russian subject and came back to Koprivshtitsa, where he established his own school, named after Saints Cyril and Methodius. He became famous for his erudition and was invited to open a gymnasium in Plovdiv as well, an invitation which he accepted. As a publicist, he fought the "Graecisation" (assimilation to Greek culture) among the Bulgarians of the time, especially in Plovidiv. At the same time, he managed to compete successfully with the Greek gymnasium in Plovdiv. During the Crimean War (1854–56), he was forced to temporarily leave the country as a Russian subject. In 1857, Gerov became "First Vice-Consul" of Russia in Plovdiv. As such, he strove to further the Bulgarian national cause, help young Bulgarians to receive scholarships abroad, etc.. He also tried to further the Liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire, but he relied on help from Russia and was opposed to the more radical revolutionary emigres who wanted an independent uprising, such as Lyuben Karavelov, Vasil Levski, and Hristo Botev. During the April uprising (1875), he was suspected for having been one of the organizers and was forced to go into hiding and sought refuge in the Russian legation in Constantinople. After the liberation, he held some administrative offices for a short time, but soon devoted all of his time to philology. Gerov's principal work was his unique Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language (Речникъ на блъгарскый языкъ). For about fifty years, he collected, from ordinary people, a great number of words, expressions, proverbs, folk songs, and proper nouns. The first three letters were already published in 1855–1856 in Russia, but the dictionary as a whole was published in five volumes, from 1895 to 1904, with an appendix added in 1908 by Gerov's collaborator T.Panchev. The dictionary contains about 100 000 entries (if the appendix is included). It is considered an extremely valuable source for the study of the Bulgarian language of the 19th century. Gerov was also an advocate of an orthography for the Bulgarian literary language based on the etymological principle. His orthography was, however, eventually rejected in favour of the one proposed by Marin Drinov. Gerov Pass in Tangra Mountains on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Nayden Gerov.
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Nikolay Haytov
Nikolay Haytov (Николай Хайтов) (15 September 1919 – 30 June 2002) was a Bulgarian fiction writer, playwright, patriot and publicist known for his publications and research regarding the life of Bulgarian revolutioner Vasil Levski.
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Nikopol, Bulgaria
Nikopol (Никопол; historically Niğbolu, Νικόπολις, Nikópolis, Nikápoly, Nicopolis) is a town in northern Bulgaria, the administrative center of Nikopol municipality, part of Pleven Province, on the right bank of the Danube river, downstream from the mouth of the Osam river.
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Northern Dobruja
Northern Dobruja (Dobrogea; Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania.
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Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.
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Oath of allegiance
An oath of allegiance is an oath whereby a subject or citizen acknowledges a duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to monarch or country.
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Ode
An ode (from ōdḗ) is a type of lyrical stanza.
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Ottoman Bulgaria
The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878.
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Ottoman dynasty
The Ottoman dynasty (Osmanlı Hanedanı) was made up of the members of the imperial House of Osman (خاندان آل عثمان Ḫānedān-ı Āl-ı ʿOsmān), also known as the Ottomans (Osmanlılar).
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Panayot Hitov
Panayot Ivanov Hitov (Панайот Иванов Хитов) (Born 1830) was a Bulgarian hajduk, national revolutionary and voivode.
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Parcani, Transnistria
Parcani (Parcani; Паркани, Parkani; Паркани, Parkany; Парканы, Parkany) is a large commune and village in the Slobozia District of Transnistria, a de facto independent entity within the internationally recognized borders of Moldova.
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Pazardzhik
Pazardzhik (Пазарджик) is a city situated along the banks of the Maritsa river, Southern Bulgaria.
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Perushtitsa
Perushtitsa (Перущица) or Perushtitza is a Bulgarian town located in Perushtitsa Municipality, Plovdiv Province at the foot of the Rhodopes, 22 kilometers south of Plovdiv.
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PFC Levski Sofia
Levski (Левски) is a professional association football club based in Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Pirot
Pirot (Пирот) is a city and the administrative center of the Pirot District in southeastern Serbia.
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Pleven
Pleven (Плевен) is the seventh most populous city in Bulgaria.
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Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Пловдив) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria, with a city population of 341,000 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area.
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Principality of Bulgaria
The Principality of Bulgaria (Княжество България, Knyazhestvo Balgariya) was a de facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
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Principality of Serbia
The Principality of Serbia (Кнежевина Србија / Kneževina Srbija) was a semi-independent state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution, which lasted between 1804 and 1817.
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Provisional government
A provisional government, also called a morning or transitional government, is an emergency governmental authority set up to manage a political transition, generally in the cases of new nations or following the collapse of the previous governing administration.
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Radio Bulgaria
Radio Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Радио България, Radio Balgariya; BNR) is the official international broadcasting station of Bulgaria.
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Revolutionary
A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates revolution.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Romanization of Bulgarian
Romanization of Bulgarian is the practice of transliteration of text in Bulgarian from its conventional Cyrillic orthography into the Latin alphabet.
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Rumelia
Rumelia (روم ايلى, Rūm-ėli; Rumeli), also known as Turkey in Europe, was a historical term describing the area in southeastern Europe that was administered by the Ottoman Empire, mainly the Balkan Peninsula.
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Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 (lit, named for the year 1293 in the Islamic calendar; Руско-турска Освободителна война, Russian-Turkish Liberation war) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox coalition led by the Russian Empire and composed of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.
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Second Serbian Uprising
The Second Serbian Uprising (1815–1817) was the second phase of the Serbian Revolution against the Ottoman Empire, which erupted shortly after the re-annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire in 1813.
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Second-class citizen
A second-class citizen is a person who is systematically discriminated against within a state or other political jurisdiction, despite their nominal status as a citizen or legal resident there.
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Secret police
The term secret police (or political police)Ilan Berman & J. Michael Waller, "Introduction: The Centrality of the Secret Police" in Dismantling Tyranny: Transitioning Beyond Totalitarian Regimes (Rowman & Littlefield, 2006), p. xv.
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Serbia
Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.
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Serbs
The Serbs (Срби / Srbi) are a South Slavic ethnic group that formed in the Balkans.
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Sevlievo
Sevlievo (Севлѝево) is a town in north-central Bulgaria, part of Gabrovo Province.
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Sick man of Europe
"Sick man of Europe" is a label given to a European country experiencing a time of economic difficulty or impoverishment.
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Sliven
Sliven (Сливен) is the eighth-largest city in Bulgaria and the administrative and industrial centre of Sliven Province and municipality.
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Sofia
Sofia (Со́фия, tr.) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.
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Sopot, Plovdiv Province
Sopot (Сопот) is a Bulgarian town situated in the fertile sub-Balkan mountain valley of Karlovo (which is the western part of the famous Rose Valley), immediately below the steep southern slopes of the Troyan Balkan Mountain (Central Stara Planina).
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South Shetland Islands
The South Shetland Islands are a group of Antarctic islands, lying about north of the Antarctic Peninsula, with a total area of.
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Standard-bearer
A standard-bearer is a person (soldier or civilian) who bears an emblem called or standard, i.e. either a type of flag or an inflexible but mobile image, which is used (and often honoured) as a formal, visual symbol of a state, prince, military unit, etc.
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Star Citizen
Star Citizen is an upcoming massively multiplayer, space trading and combat game developed and published by Chris Roberts' company Cloud Imperium Games for Microsoft Windows and Linux.
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Stara Zagora
Stara Zagora (Стара Загора) is the fifth-largest city in Bulgaria, and the administrative capital of the homonymous Stara Zagora Province.
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Stefan Karadzha
Stefan Karadzha (Стефан Караджа; born Stefan Todorov Dimov, Стефан Тодоров Димов; 11 May 1840 – 31 July 1868), was a Bulgarian national hero, a revolutionary from the national liberation movement and a prominent leader of rebellion against the Ottoman Empire.
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Stomach
The stomach (from ancient Greek στόμαχος, stomachos, stoma means mouth) is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates.
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Strandzha
Strandzha (Странджа, also transliterated as Strandja; Istranca or Yıldız) is a mountain massif in southeastern Bulgaria and the European part of Turkey.
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Sub-Balkan valleys
The Sub-Balkan valleys of Bulgaria are located between Stara Planina, Vitosha and Sredna Gora.
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Suzerainty
Suzerainty (and) is a back-formation from the late 18th-century word suzerain, meaning upper-sovereign, derived from the French sus (meaning above) + -erain (from souverain, meaning sovereign).
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Tanzimat
The Tanzimât (lit) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
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The Sofia Echo
The Sofia Echo is Bulgaria's national English-language weekly newspaper published out of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.
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Treaty of San Stefano
The Preliminary Treaty of San Stefano (Russian: Сан-Стефанский мир; Peace of San-Stefano, Сан-Стефанский мирный договор; Peace treaty of San-Stefano, Turkish: Ayastefanos Muahedesi or Ayastefanos Antlaşması) was a treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed at San Stefano, then a village west of Constantinople, on by Count Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev and Aleksandr Nelidov on behalf of the Russian Empire and Foreign Minister Safvet Pasha and Ambassador to Germany Sadullah Bey on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.
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Tryavna
Tryavna (Трявна) is a town in central Bulgaria, situated in the north slopes of the Balkan range, on the Tryavna river valley, near Gabrovo.
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Tulcea
Tulcea (Bulgarian, Russian and Ukrainian: Тулча, Tulcha; Greek: Αιγισσός, Aegyssus; Turkish: Hora-Tepé or Tolçu) is a city in Dobruja, Romania.
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Turkish lira
The Turkish lira (Türk lirası; sign: ₺; code: TRY; usually abbreviated as TL) is the currency of Turkey and the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
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Turkish people
Turkish people or the Turks (Türkler), also known as Anatolian Turks (Anadolu Türkleri), are a Turkic ethnic group and nation living mainly in Turkey and speaking Turkish, the most widely spoken Turkic language.
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Turnu Măgurele
Turnu Măgurele is a city in Teleorman County, Romania (in the informal region of Wallachia).
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Tutrakan
Tutrakan (Тутракан, Тurtucaia, Turtukai) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, an administrative centre of the homonymous municipality, part of Silistra Province.
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University of Washington Press
The University of Washington Press is an American academic publishing house.
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Vasil Levski National Military University
The Vasil Levski National Military University (Национален военен университет "Васил Левски", Natsionalen voenen universitet "Vasil Levski") is Bulgaria's national military academy.
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Vasil Levski National Stadium
Vasil Levski National Stadium (Национален стадион „Васил Левски“), named after Bulgarian national hero and revolutionary Vasil Levski, is the country's second largest stadium.
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Velikite Balgari
Velikite Balgari („Великите българи“, The Great Bulgarians) was the Bulgarian spin-off of the 2002 program 100 Greatest Britons produced by the BBC.
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Veliko Tarnovo
Veliko Tarnovo (Велико Търново, "Great Tarnovo") is a city in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province.
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Vidin
Vidin (Видин) is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria.
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Voynyagovo
Voynyagovo (Войнягово) is a village in central southern Bulgaria, part of Karlovo Municipality, Plovdiv Province.
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Vratsa
Vratsa (Враца) is a city in northwestern Bulgaria, at the foothills of the Balkan Mountains.
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Western world
The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.
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Zaječar
Zaječar (Зајечар, Zaicear) is a city and the administrative center of the Zaječar District in eastern Serbia.
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100 Greatest Britons
The 100 Greatest Britons was a television series broadcast by the BBC in 2002.
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Redirects here:
Commemoration of Vasil Levski, Commemoration of Vassil Levski, Vasil Ivanov Kunchev, Vasil Levsky, Vasil kunchev, Vasilij Levski, Vassil Levski, Васил Левски.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasil_Levski