32 relations: Andromeda Galaxy, Arithmetic mean, Astronomical spectroscopy, Astronomy, Black hole, Coma Cluster, Doppler broadening, Dwarf elliptical galaxy, Dynamical friction, Elliptical galaxy, Faber–Jackson relation, Galaxy, Galaxy cluster, Globular cluster, Interstellar medium, Local Group, M–sigma relation, Messier object, Metre per second, Milky Way, Momentum, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Open cluster, Radial velocity, Spectral line, Spiral galaxy, Statistical dispersion, Supercluster, Supermassive black hole, Tully–Fisher relation, Velocity, Virial theorem.
Andromeda Galaxy
The Andromeda Galaxy, also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224, is a spiral galaxy approximately 780 kiloparsecs (2.5 million light-years) from Earth, and the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way.
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Arithmetic mean
In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean (stress on third syllable of "arithmetic"), or simply the mean or average when the context is clear, is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the number of numbers in the collection.
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Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light and radio, which radiates from stars and other celestial objects.
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Astronomy
Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.
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Black hole
A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.
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Coma Cluster
The Coma Cluster (Abell 1656) is a large cluster of galaxies that contains over 1,000 identified galaxies.
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Doppler broadening
In atomic physics, Doppler broadening is the broadening of spectral lines due to the Doppler effect caused by a distribution of velocities of atoms or molecules.
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Dwarf elliptical galaxy
Dwarf elliptical galaxies, or dEs, are elliptical galaxies that are smaller than ordinary elliptical galaxies.
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Dynamical friction
In astrophysics, dynamical friction or Chandrasekhar friction, sometimes called gravitational drag, is loss of momentum and kinetic energy of moving bodies through gravitational interactions with surrounding matter in space.
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Elliptical galaxy
An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy having an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image.
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Faber–Jackson relation
The Faber–Jackson relation provided the first empirical power-law relation between the luminosity L and the central stellar velocity dispersion \sigma of early-type galaxies, and was presented by the astronomers Sandra M. Faber and Robert Earl Jackson in 1976.
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Galaxy
A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.
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Galaxy cluster
A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses.
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Globular cluster
A globular cluster is a spherical collection of stars that orbits a galactic core as a satellite.
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Interstellar medium
In astronomy, the interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy.
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Local Group
The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way.
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M–sigma relation
The M–sigma (or M–σ) relation is an empirical correlation between the stellar velocity dispersion σ of a galaxy bulge and the mass M of the supermassive black hole at its center.
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Messier object
The Messier objects are a set of 110 astronomical objects, of which 103 were included in lists published by French astronomer Charles Messier in 1771 and 1781.
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Metre per second
Metre per second (American English: meter per second) is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector quantity which specifies both magnitude and a specific direction), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds.
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Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.
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Momentum
In Newtonian mechanics, linear momentum, translational momentum, or simply momentum (pl. momenta) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research in astronomy and astrophysics.
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Open cluster
An open cluster is a group of up to a few thousand stars that were formed from the same giant molecular cloud and have roughly the same age.
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Radial velocity
The radial velocity of an object with respect to a given point is the rate of change of the distance between the object and the point.
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Spectral line
A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from emission or absorption of light in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies.
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Spiral galaxy
Spiral galaxies form a class of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae(pp. 124–151) and, as such, form part of the Hubble sequence.
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Statistical dispersion
In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed.
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Supercluster
A supercluster is a large group of smaller galaxy clusters or galaxy groups; it is among the largest-known structures of the cosmos.
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Supermassive black hole
A supermassive black hole (SMBH or SBH) is the largest type of black hole, on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses, and is found in the centre of almost all currently known massive galaxies.
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Tully–Fisher relation
lenticular galaxies In astronomy, the Tully–Fisher relation (TFR) is an empirical relationship between the mass or intrinsic luminosity of a spiral galaxy and its angular velocity or emission line width.
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Velocity
The velocity of an object is the rate of change of its position with respect to a frame of reference, and is a function of time.
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Virial theorem
In mechanics, the virial theorem provides a general equation that relates the average over time of the total kinetic energy, \left\langle T \right\rangle, of a stable system consisting of N particles, bound by potential forces, with that of the total potential energy, \left\langle V_\text \right\rangle, where angle brackets represent the average over time of the enclosed quantity.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_dispersion