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22 relations: American Revolutionary War, First French Empire, France, French First Republic, French Revolution, French Revolutionary Army, Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, Guillotine, House of Broglie, Jacobin, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, Liberalism, Louis XV of France, Maréchal de camp, Marc-Pierre de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1771–1842), Maximilien Robespierre, National Constituent Assembly (France), Paris, Reign of Terror, Victor de Broglie (1785–1870), Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie.
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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First French Empire
The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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French First Republic
In the history of France, the First Republic (French: Première République), officially the French Republic (République française), was founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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French Revolutionary Army
The French Revolutionary Army (Armée révolutionnaire française) was the French force that fought the French Revolutionary Wars from 1792 to 1802.
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Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), in the United States often known simply as Lafayette, was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War.
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Guillotine
A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading.
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House of Broglie
The House of Broglie (Maison de Broglie, pronounced) is the name of a noble French family, originally Piedmontese, who emigrated to France in the year 1643.
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Jacobin
The Society of the Friends of the Constitution (Société des amis de la Constitution), after 1792 renamed Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Freedom and Equality (Société des Jacobins, amis de la liberté et de l'égalité), commonly known as the Jacobin Club (Club des Jacobins) or simply the Jacobins, was the most influential political club during the French Revolution.
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Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau
Marshal Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau (1 July 1725 – 10 May 1807) was a French nobleman and general who played a major role in helping the Thirteen Colonies win independence during the American Revolution.
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Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty and equality.
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Louis XV of France
Louis XV (15 February 1710 – 10 May 1774), known as Louis the Beloved, was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774.
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Maréchal de camp
Maréchal de camp (sometimes incorrectly translated as field marshal) was a general officer rank used by the French Army until 1848.
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Marc-Pierre de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson
Marc-Pierre de Voyer de Paulmy, Comte d'Argenson (16 August 1696, Paris22 August 1764, Paris) was a French politician.
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Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1771–1842)
Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1771–1842), a member of the French Chamber of Deputies.
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Maximilien Robespierre
Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (6 May 1758 – 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and politician, as well as one of the best known and most influential figures associated with the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror.
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National Constituent Assembly (France)
The National Constituent Assembly (Assemblée nationale constituante) was formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror, or The Terror (la Terreur), is the label given by some historians to a period during the French Revolution after the First French Republic was established.
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Victor de Broglie (1785–1870)
Achille Léonce Victor Charles, 3rd Duke of Broglie (28 November 1785 – 25 January 1870), fully Victor de Broglie, was a French peer, statesman, and diplomat.
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Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie
Victor François de Broglie, 2nd duc de Broglie (19 October 171830 March 1804) was a French aristocrat and soldier and a marshal of France.
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Charles Louis Victor, prince de Broglie, Charles-Louis-Victor, prince de Broglie, Victor Claude, Prince de Broglie, Victor Claude, prince de Broglie, Victor de Broglie (1756-1794), Victor-Claude, Prince De Broglie.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_de_Broglie_(1756–1794)
