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56 relations: Ajay Ahuja, Alfred Tyrone Cooke, Army Aviation Corps (India), Arun Prakash, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, Battle of Basantar, Battle of Boyra, Battle of Longewala, Battle of Tiger Hill, Battle of Tololing, Battlefield, Bengal Engineer Group, Chakra, Chuni Lal, Denzil Keelor, Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom), Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom), East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971, English language, Harbaksh Singh, Hindi, India, Indian Air Force, Indian annexation of Hyderabad, Indian Army, Indian Navy, Indo-Pakistani War of 1947, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry, Jasjit Singh (IAF officer), Jerry Prem Raj, Kargil War, Krishan Kant Saini, Lalit Rai, Lawrence Pereira, Laxminarayan Ramdas, M. A. Ganapathy, Maha Vir Chakra, Mariappan Saravanan, Medal, Military Cross, Mohammad Ahmed Zaki, Operation Cactus-Lilly, Operation Pawan, Operation Safed Sagar, Param Vir Chakra, Rajputana Rifles, Ramakrishnan Vishwanathan, Satish Nambiar, Shaurya Chakra, ..., Sino-Indian War, The Garhwal Rifles, Trevor Keelor, Victoria Cross, Yogesh Kumar Joshi, Zorawar Chand Bakhshi. Expand index (6 more) »
Ajay Ahuja
Squadron Leader Ajay Ahuja, VrC was a fighter pilot of the Indian Air Force who was killed by the Pakistani military in the 1999 Kargil War in Kashmir.
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Alfred Tyrone Cooke
Flight Lieutenant Alfred Tyrone Cooke VrC (born 1939 or 1940) was a hero of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
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Army Aviation Corps (India)
The Army Aviation Corps is a component of the Indian Army, formed on 1 November 1986.
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Arun Prakash
Admiral Arun Prakash PVSM, AVSM, VrC, VSM, ADC (born October 1944) is a retired Four-Star Admiral who served as the Chief of the Naval Staff of the Indian Navy and Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee from 31 July 2004 to 31 October 2006.
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Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM) is a military award of India given to recognize "distinguished service of an exceptional order" to all ranks of the armed forces.
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Battle of Basantar
The Battle of Basantar or the Battle of Barapind (December 4–16, 1971) was one of the vital battles fought as part of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 in the western sector of India.
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Battle of Boyra
The Battle of Boyra, on 22 November 1971, was an aerial interception fought between the Indian Air Force and intruding Pakistani Air Force jets that had crossed into Indian Airspace.
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Battle of Longewala
The Battle of Longewala (4–7 December 1971) was one of the first major engagements in the western sector during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, fought between assaulting Pakistani forces and Indian defenders at the Indian border post of Longewala, in the Thar Desert of Rajasthan state in India.
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Battle of Tiger Hill
The Battle of Tiger Hill encompasses the battles fought in and around the peak of Tiger Hill between the Indian Army and the Pakistan Army from the final week of May till second week of June 1999, during the Kargil War.
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Battle of Tololing
The Battle of Tololing was a pivotal battle in the Kargil War between India's armed forces and troops from the Northern Light Infantry who were aided by Pakistan-backed irregulars in 1999.
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Battlefield
A battlefield, battleground, or field of battle is the location of a present or historic battle involving ground warfare.
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Bengal Engineer Group
The Bengal Engineer Group (BEG) or the Bengal Sappers or Bengal Engineers as they are informally known, are remnants of British Indian Army's Bengal Army of the Bengal Presidency in British India; now a regiment of the Corps of Engineers in the Indian Army.
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Chakra
Chakras (Sanskrit: चक्र, IAST: cakra, Pali: cakka, lit. wheel, circle) are the various focal points in the subtle body used in a variety of ancient meditation practices, collectively denominated as Tantra, or the esoteric or inner traditions of Indian religion, Chinese Taoism, Tibetan Buddhism, as well as Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, and in postmodernity, in new age medicine, and originally psychologically adopted to the western mind through the assistance of Carl G. Jung.
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Chuni Lal
Naib Subedar Chuni Lal AC, VrC, SM was an Indian Army soldier of 8th battalion.
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Denzil Keelor
Air Marshal Denzil Keelor PVSM, AVSM, VrC, KC (born 7 December 1933) is a retired Indian Air Force air marshal and a hero of the Indo-Pakistani war.
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Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) is the third-level military decoration awarded to personnel of the United Kingdom's Royal Air Force and other services, and formerly to officers of other Commonwealth countries, instituted for "an act or acts of valour, courage or devotion to duty whilst flying in active operations against the enemy".
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Distinguished Service Cross (United Kingdom)
The Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) is a third level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Armed Forces, Royal Fleet Auxiliary and British Merchant Navy, and formerly also to officers of other Commonwealth countries.
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East Pakistan Air Operations, 1971
East Pakistan Air Operations covers activity of the Pakistan Air Force and Pakistan Army Aviation units in erstwhile East Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War and the interdiction, air defense, ground support, and logistics missions flown by the Bangladesh Air Force, Indian Air Force and Indian Navy Aviation wing in support of the Indian Amry and Mukti Bahini in the eastern theater of the Indo-Pakistani conflict of 1971.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Harbaksh Singh
Lieutenant General Harbaksh Singh, VrC was a three star General in the Indian Army.
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Hindi
Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST: Hindī), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST: Mānak Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indian Air Force
The Indian Air Force (IAF; IAST: Bhāratīya Vāyu Senā) is the air arm of the Indian armed forces.
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Indian annexation of Hyderabad
Operation Polo is the code name of the Hyderabad "police action" in September 1948, by the newly independent India against the Hyderabad State.
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Indian Army
The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces.
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Indian Navy
The Indian Navy (IN; IAST: Bhāratīya Nau Senā) is the naval branch of the Indian Armed Forces.
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Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, sometimes known as the First Kashmir War, was fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu from 1947 to 1948.
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Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations-mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear. India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. "Satisfied that it had secured a strategic and psychological victory over Pakistan by frustrating its attempt to seize Kashmir by force, when the UN resolution was passed, India accepted its terms... with Pakistan's stocks of ammunition and other essential supplies all but exhausted, and with the military balance tipping steadily in India's favour." "Losses were relatively heavy—on the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistan's army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan." Quote: The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. By the time the United Nations intervened on 22 September, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat. Although the two countries fought to a standoff, the conflict is seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, "... the war itself was a disaster for Pakistan, from the first failed attempts by Pakistani troops to precipitate an insurgency in Kashmir to the appearance of Indian artillery within range of Lahore International Airport." – U.S. Department of State, – Interview with Steve Coll in United States House of Representatives 12 September 1994South Asia in World Politics By Devin T. Hagerty, 2005 Rowman & Littlefield,, p. 26 as it had neither succeeded in fomenting insurrection in Kashmir "... after some initial success, the momentum behind Pakistan's thrust into Kashmir slowed, and the state's inhabitants rejected exhortations from the Pakistani insurgents to join them in taking up arms against their Indian "oppressors." Pakistan's inability to muster support from the local Kashmiri population proved a disaster, both militarily and politically." nor had it been able to gain meaningful support at an international level. "Mao had decided that China would intervene under two conditions—that India attacked East Pakistan, and that Pakistan requested Chinese intervention. In the end, neither of them obtained." Internationally, the war was viewed in the context of the greater Cold War, and resulted in a significant geopolitical shift in the subcontinent. Before the war, the United States and the United Kingdom had been major material allies of both India and Pakistan, as their primary suppliers of military hardware and foreign developmental aid. During and after the conflict, both India and Pakistan felt betrayed by the perceived lack of support by the western powers for their respective positions; those feelings of betrayal were increased with the imposition of an American and British embargo on military aid to the opposing sides. As a consequence, India and Pakistan openly developed closer relationships with the Soviet Union and China, respectively. The perceived negative stance of the western powers during the conflict, and during the 1971 war, has continued to affect relations between the West and the subcontinent. In spite of improved relations with the U.S. and Britain since the end of the Cold War, the conflict generated a deep distrust of both countries within the subcontinent which to an extent lingers to this day."In retrospect, it is clear that the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 represented a watershed in the West's association with the subcontinent.""By extending the Cold War into South Asia, however, the United States did succeed in disturbing the subcontinent's established politico-military equilibrium, undermining British influence in the region, embittering relations between India and Pakistan and, ironically, facilitating the expansion of communist influence in the developing world." "The legacy of the Johnson arms cut-off remains alive today. Indians simply do not believe that America will be there when India needs military help... the legacy of the U.S. "betrayal" still haunts U.S.-Pakistan relations today.".
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Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry
The Jammu and Kashmir Light Infantry (JAK LI) is an infantry regiment of the Indian Army.
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Jasjit Singh (IAF officer)
Air Commodore Jasjit Singh AVSM, VrC, VM (July 8, 1934 – August 4, 2013) was an Indian military officer, writer, military strategist, and air commodore in the Indian Air Force.
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Jerry Prem Raj
Captain Jerry Prem Raj, VrC, was a commissioned officer in the Indian Army during the Kargil War.
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Kargil War
The Kargil War (करगिल युद्ध, kargil yuddh, کرگل جنگ kargil jang), also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LOC).
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Krishan Kant Saini
Wing Commander Krishan Kant Saini, AVSM, VrC, VM (born 26 Oct 1931), is an Indian Air Force helicopter pilot of 104 Squadron who set the world record in helicopter avionics by accomplishing the world's highest altitude helicopter landing.
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Lalit Rai
Colonel Lalit Rai, VrC is a former officer of the Indian Army who was decorated in the Kargil War.
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Lawrence Pereira
Flt Lt Lawrence Frederic Pereira (June 10, 1945-December 14, 1971) was an Indian air force officer.
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Laxminarayan Ramdas
Admiral Laxminarayan Ramdas, PVSM, AVSM, VrC, VSM, ADC served as Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy, taking the reins on 30 November 1990.
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M. A. Ganapathy
Squadron Leader Mandepanda Appachu Ganapathy was an officer of the Indian Air Force who was awarded the Vir Chakra in 1972 when as a flight lieutenant he shot down Pakistani Sabre Jets.
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Maha Vir Chakra
The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) (literally great warrior medal) is the second highest military decoration in India, after the Param Vir Chakra, and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air.
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Mariappan Saravanan
Major Mariappan Saravanan (&ndash), was an officer in the prestigious Bihar Regiment of the Indian Army who was killed during the Kargil War.
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Medal
A medal or medallion is a small portable artistic object, a thin disc, normally of metal, carrying a design, usually on both sides.
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Military Cross
The Military Cross (MC) is the third-level military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993) other ranks of the British Armed Forces, and used to be awarded to officers of other Commonwealth countries.
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Mohammad Ahmed Zaki
Lieutenant General Mohammad Ahmed Zaki (born 20 January 1935, Hyderabad, Telangana) is a retired army general.
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Operation Cactus-Lilly
Operation Cactus-Lilly by India, was a military operation executed between 3-16 December 1971 by the Indian Air Force (IAF) in the East Pakistan (current Bangladesh).
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Operation Pawan
Operation Pawan (ऑपरेशन पवन Ŏparēśan Pavan, lit. "Operation Wind") was the code name assigned to the operation by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to take control of Jaffna from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), better known as the Tamil Tigers, in late 1987 to enforce the disarmament of the LTTE as a part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord.
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Operation Safed Sagar
Operation Safed Sagar (ऑपरेशन सफेद सागर, lit. "Operation White Sea") was the code name assigned to the Indian Air Force's strike to support the Ground troops during Kargil war that was aimed to flush out Regular and Irregular troops of the Pakistani Army from vacated Indian Positions in the Kargil sector along the Line of Control.
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Param Vir Chakra
The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India's highest military decoration, awarded for displaying distinguished acts of valour during wartime.
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Rajputana Rifles
The Rajputana Rifles is the one of the most senior rifle regiments of the Indian Army.
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Ramakrishnan Vishwanathan
Lieutenant Colonel Ramakrishnan Vishwanathan was the second-in-command of 18 Grenadiers which was conducting operations on and around Tololing mountain, Drass sector, Kargil, during Operation Vijay.
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Satish Nambiar
Lieutenant General Chenicheri Satish Nambiar is an Indian general.
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Shaurya Chakra
The Shaurya Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valour, courageous action or self-sacrifice while not engaged in direct action with the enemy.
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Sino-Indian War
The Sino-Indian War (भारत-चीन युद्ध Bhārat-Chīn Yuddh), also known as the Sino-Indian Border Conflict, was a war between China and India that occurred in 1962.
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The Garhwal Rifles
The Garhwal Rifles is one of the most decorated infantry regiments of the Indian Army.
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Trevor Keelor
Wing Commander Trevor Keelor, VrC, VM (8 December 1934 – 27 April 2002) was an officer of Indian Air Force who participated in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
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Victoria Cross
The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest award of the British honours system.
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Yogesh Kumar Joshi
Lieutenant General Yogesh Kumar Joshi, AVSM,, VrC, SM is a serving Officer in the Indian Army.
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Zorawar Chand Bakhshi
Lieutenant General Zorawar Chand Bakshi (Z.C. Bakshi) PVSM, MVC, VrC, VSM (21 October 1921 – 24 May 2018) was a General of the Indian Army, most known as one of the commanders of Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (Operation Ablaze).
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir_Chakra
