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William Shockley

Index William Shockley

William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American physicist and inventor. [1]

110 relations: Afrocentrism, Alexander M. Poniatoff, Alta Mesa Memorial Park, American Physical Society, ASME, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Beckman Coulter, Bell Labs, Bipolar junction transistor, Boeing B-29 Superfortress, California Institute of Technology, Charge carrier, Civilization, Clinton Davisson, Computer History Museum, Comstock Prize in Physics, Convoy, Cyril Burt, Defamation, Depth charge, Dysgenics, Electrical engineering, Electrolyte, Electron hole, Electron multiplier, Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors with Applications to Transistor Electronics, England, Eugenics, Fairchild Semiconductor, Firing Line (TV series), Frances Cress Welsing, Gene, Gerald Pearson, Greater London, Haynes–Shockley experiment, Holley Medal, Hudson Valley, Human, Human intelligence, IEEE Medal of Honor, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Intelligence quotient, John Bardeen, John C. Slater, John N. Shive, Julius Edgar Lilienfeld, Log-normal distribution, London, Manhattan, Mankind Quarterly, ..., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Masterpiece, Medal for Merit, MESFET, MIT150, Mountain View, California, National Academy of Sciences, Nazi human experimentation, New York City, Nobel Prize in Physics, Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize, Palo Alto, California, P–n junction, Physical Review, Pioneer Fund, Point-contact transistor, Polygraph, Prostate cancer, Psychologist, Race (human categorization), Racialism, Radar, Repository for Germinal Choice, Robert Klark Graham, Robert P. Patterson, Roger Pearson (anthropologist), Semiconductor, Shawangunk Ridge, Shockley diode, Shockley diode equation, Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, Shockley–Queisser limit, Shockley–Ramo theorem, Silicon Valley, Species, Sperm bank, Sperm donation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, Sterilization (medicine), Surface states, Telephone, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The Boston Globe, The Journal of Military History, The New England Quarterly, The New York Times, Time (magazine), Traitorous eight, Transaction Publishers, Transistor, United States, United States Department of War, University of Illinois Press, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Vacuum tube, Walter Houser Brattain, Wilhelm Exner Medal, William F. Buckley Jr., World War II. Expand index (60 more) »

Afrocentrism

Afrocentrism (also Afrocentricity) is an approach to the study of world history that focuses on the history of people of recent African descent.

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Alexander M. Poniatoff

Alexander Matveevich Poniatoff (Александр Матвеевич Понятов, 25 March 1892 – 24 October 1980) was a Russian-American electrical engineer.

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Alta Mesa Memorial Park

Alta Mesa Memorial Park is a non-denominational burial ground located in Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California.

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American Physical Society

The American Physical Society (APS) is the world's second largest organization of physicists.

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ASME

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is a professional association that, in its own words, "promotes the art, science, and practice of multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences around the globe" via "continuing education, training and professional development, codes and standards, research, conferences and publications, government relations, and other forms of outreach." ASME is thus an engineering society, a standards organization, a research and development organization, a lobbying organization, a provider of training and education, and a nonprofit organization.

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Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively.

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Beckman Coulter

Beckman Coulter Inc., is an American company that makes biomedical laboratory instruments.

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Bell Labs

Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Labs) is an American research and scientific development company, owned by Finnish company Nokia.

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Bipolar junction transistor

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Boeing B-29 Superfortress

The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is a four-engine propeller-driven heavy bomber designed by Boeing, which was flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War.

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California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology (abbreviated Caltech)The university itself only spells its short form as "Caltech"; other spellings such as.

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Charge carrier

In physics, a charge carrier is a particle free to move, carrying an electric charge, especially the particles that carry electric charges in electrical conductors.

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Civilization

A civilization or civilisation (see English spelling differences) is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification imposed by a cultural elite, symbolic systems of communication (for example, writing systems), and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.

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Clinton Davisson

Clinton Joseph Davisson (October 22, 1881 – February 1, 1958), was an American physicist who won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of electron diffraction in the famous Davisson-Germer experiment.

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Computer History Museum

The Computer History Museum (CHM) is a museum established in 1996 in Mountain View, California, US.

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Comstock Prize in Physics

The Comstock Prize in Physics is awarded by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences "for recent innovative discovery or investigation in electricity, magnetism, or radiant energy, broadly interpreted." Honorees must be residents of North America.

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Convoy

A convoy is a group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection.

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Cyril Burt

Sir Cyril Lodowic Burt, FBA (3 March 1883 – 10 October 1971) was an English educational psychologist and geneticist who made contributions also to statistics.

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Defamation

Defamation, calumny, vilification, or traducement is the communication of a false statement that, depending on the law of the country, harms the reputation of an individual, business, product, group, government, religion, or nation.

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Depth charge

A depth charge is an anti-submarine warfare weapon.

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Dysgenics

Dysgenics (rarely cacogenics) is the study of factors producing the accumulation and perpetuation of defective or disadvantageous genes and traits in offspring of a particular population or species.

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Electrical engineering

Electrical engineering is a professional engineering discipline that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.

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Electrolyte

An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.

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Electron hole

In physics, chemistry, and electronic engineering, an electron hole (often simply called a hole) is the lack of an electron at a position where one could exist in an atom or atomic lattice.

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Electron multiplier

An electron multiplier is a vacuum-tube structure that multiplies incident charges.

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Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors with Applications to Transistor Electronics

Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors with Applications to Transistor Electronics is a book by Nobel Prize winner William Shockley, first published in 1950.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Eugenics

Eugenics (from Greek εὐγενής eugenes 'well-born' from εὖ eu, 'good, well' and γένος genos, 'race, stock, kin') is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of a human population.

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Fairchild Semiconductor

Fairchild Semiconductor International, Inc. was an American semiconductor company based in San Jose, California.

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Firing Line (TV series)

Firing Line (in full, Firing Line with William F. Buckley Jr.) was an American public affairs show founded and hosted by conservative William F. Buckley Jr. Its 1,504 episodes, over 33 years, made Firing Line the longest-running public affairs show in television history with a single host.

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Frances Cress Welsing

Frances Luella Welsing (née Cress; March 18, 1935 – January 2, 2016) was an American Afrocentrist psychiatrist.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Gerald Pearson

Gerald L. Pearson (March 31, 1905 – October 25, 1987) was a physicist whose work on silicon rectifiers at Bell Labs led to the invention of the solar cell.

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Greater London

Greater London is a region of England which forms the administrative boundaries of London, as well as a county for the purposes of the lieutenancies.

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Haynes–Shockley experiment

In semiconductor physics, the Haynes–Shockley experiment was an experiment that demonstrated that diffusion of minority carriers in a semiconductor could result in a current.

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Holley Medal

The Holley Medal is an award of ASME (the American Society of Mechanical Engineers) for "outstanding and unique act(s) of an engineering nature, accomplishing a noteworthy and timely public benefit by one or more individuals for a single achievement, provided the contributions are equal or comparable." at asme.org. Accessed 08-05-2017 The award was established in 1924 in honor of the American mechanical engineer, inventor and charter member of ASME Alexander Lyman Holley (18132-1888).

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Hudson Valley

The Hudson Valley comprises the valley of the Hudson River and its adjacent communities in the U.S. state of New York, from the cities of Albany and Troy southward to Yonkers in Westchester County.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human intelligence

Human intelligence is the intellectual prowess of humans, which is marked by complex cognitive feats and high levels of motivation and self-awareness.

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IEEE Medal of Honor

The IEEE Medal of Honor is the highest recognition of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey.

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Intelligence quotient

An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from several standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence.

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John Bardeen

John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer.

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John C. Slater

John Clarke Slater (December 22, 1900 – July 25, 1976) was a noted American physicist who made major contributions to the theory of the electronic structure of atoms, molecules and solids.

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John N. Shive

John Northrup Shive (February 22, 1913 – June 1, 1984) was an American physicist and inventor.

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Julius Edgar Lilienfeld

Julius Edgar Lilienfeld (April 18, 1882 – August 28, 1963) was a Jewish Austro-Hungarian-born German-American physicist and electronic engineer, credited with the first patents on the field-effect transistor (FET) (1925) and electrolytic capacitor (1931).

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Log-normal distribution

In probability theory, a log-normal (or lognormal) distribution is a continuous probability distribution of a random variable whose logarithm is normally distributed.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Manhattan

Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.

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Mankind Quarterly

The Mankind Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to physical and cultural anthropology, published by the Ulster Institute for Social Research in London.

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Masterpiece

Masterpiece, magnum opus (Latin, great work) or chef-d’œuvre (French, master of work, plural chefs-d’œuvre) in modern use is a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or to a work of outstanding creativity, skill, profundity, or workmanship.

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Medal for Merit

The Medal for Merit was, during the period it was awarded, the highest civilian decoration of the United States, awarded by the President of the United States to civilians for "exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services...

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MESFET

MESFET stands for metal–semiconductor field-effect transistor.

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MIT150

The MIT150 is a list published by the Boston Globe, in honor of the 150th anniversary of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2011, listing 150 of the most significant innovators, inventions or ideas from MIT, its alumni, faculty, and related people and organizations in the 150 year history of the institute.

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Mountain View, California

Mountain View is a city located in Santa Clara County, California, United States, named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains.

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National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.

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Nazi human experimentation

Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on large numbers of prisoners, including children, by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps in the early to mid 1940s, during World War II and the Holocaust.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.

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Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize

The Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize is an annual award given by the American Physical Society "to recognize and encourage outstanding theoretical or experimental contributions to condensed matter physics." It was endowed by AT&T Bell Laboratories as a means of recognizing outstanding scientific work.

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Palo Alto, California

Palo Alto is a charter city located in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area of the United States.

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P–n junction

A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor.

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Physical Review

Physical Review is an American peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols.

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Pioneer Fund

Pioneer Fund is an American non-profit foundation established in 1937 "to advance the scientific study of heredity and human differences".

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Point-contact transistor

A point-contact transistor was the first type of solid-state electronic transistor ever constructed.

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Polygraph

A polygraph, popularly referred to as a lie detector, measures and records several physiological indices such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity while a person is asked and answers a series of questions.

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Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.

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Psychologist

A psychologist studies normal and abnormal mental states from cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments.

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Race (human categorization)

A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.

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Racialism

Racialism is the belief that the human species is naturally divided into races, that are ostensibly distinct biological categories.

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Radar

Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects.

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Repository for Germinal Choice

The Repository for Germinal Choice (originally known as the Hermann J. Muller Repository for Germinal Choice) was a sperm bank that existed in Escondido, California from 1980 to 1999.

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Robert Klark Graham

Robert Klark Graham (June 9, 1906 – February 13, 1997) was an American eugenicist and businessman who made millions by developing shatterproof plastic eyeglass lenses and who later founded the Repository for Germinal Choice, a sperm bank for geniuses, in the hope of implementing a eugenics program.

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Robert P. Patterson

Robert Porter Patterson Sr. (February 12, 1891 – January 22, 1952) was the United States Under Secretary of War under President Franklin Roosevelt and the United States Secretary of War under President Harry S. Truman from September 27, 1945 to July 18, 1947.

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Roger Pearson (anthropologist)

Roger Pearson (born 21 August 1927 in London) is a British anthropologist, soldier, businessman, eugenics advocate, political organiser for the extreme right, and publisher of political and academic journals.

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Semiconductor

A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor – such as copper, gold etc.

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Shawangunk Ridge

The Shawangunk Ridge, also known as the Shawangunk Mountains or The Gunks, is a ridge of bedrock in Ulster County, Sullivan County and Orange County in the state of New York, extending from the northernmost point of New Jersey to the Catskill Mountains.

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Shockley diode

The Shockley diode (named after physicist William Shockley) is a four-layer semiconductor diode, which was one of the first semiconductor devices invented.

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Shockley diode equation

The Shockley diode equation or the diode law, named after transistor co-inventor William Shockley of Bell Telephone Laboratories, gives the I–V (current-voltage) characteristic of an idealized diode in either forward or reverse bias (applied voltage): where The equation is called the Shockley ideal diode equation when n, the ideality factor, is set equal to 1.

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Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory

Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory was a pioneering semiconductor developer founded by renowned inventor William Shockley as a division of Beckman Instruments, Inc., in 1956.

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Shockley–Queisser limit

In physics, the Shockley–Queisser limit, also known as the detailed balance limit, Shockley Queisser Efficiency Limit or SQ Limit, refers to the maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell using a single p-n junction to collect power from the cell.

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Shockley–Ramo theorem

The Shockley–Ramo theorem allows one to easily calculate the instantaneous electric current induced by a charge moving in the vicinity of an electrode.

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Silicon Valley

Silicon Valley (abbreviated as SV) is a region in the southern San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California, referring to the Santa Clara Valley, which serves as the global center for high technology, venture capital, innovation, and social media.

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Species

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.

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Sperm bank

A sperm bank, semen bank or cryobank is a facility or enterprise that collects and stores human sperm from sperm donors for use by women who need donor-provided sperm to achieve pregnancy.

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Sperm donation

Sperm donation is the provision (or "donation") by a man (known as a sperm donor) of his sperm (known as donor sperm), principally for it to be used in the artificial insemination of a woman or women who are not his sexual partners.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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Stanford, California

Stanford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Clara County, California, United States and is the home of Stanford University.

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Sterilization (medicine)

Sterilization (also spelled sterilisation) is any of a number of medical techniques that intentionally leaves a person unable to reproduce.

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Surface states

Surface states are electronic states found at the surface of materials.

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Telephone

A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly.

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The Atlanta Journal-Constitution

The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC) is the only major daily newspaper in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia, United States.

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The Boston Globe

The Boston Globe (sometimes abbreviated as The Globe) is an American daily newspaper founded and based in Boston, Massachusetts, since its creation by Charles H. Taylor in 1872.

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The Journal of Military History

The Journal of Military History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the military history of all times and places.

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The New England Quarterly

The New England Quarterly is a peer-reviewed academic journal consisting of articles on New England's cultural, literary, political, and social history.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Traitorous eight

The traitorous eight was a group of eight employees who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1957 to found Fairchild Semiconductor.

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Transaction Publishers

Transaction Publishers was a New Jersey–based publishing house that specialized in social science books.

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Transistor

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Department of War

The United States Department of War, also called the War Department (and occasionally War Office in the early years), was the United States Cabinet department originally responsible for the operation and maintenance of the United States Army, also bearing responsibility for naval affairs until the establishment of the Navy Department in 1798, and for most land-based air forces until the creation of the Department of the Air Force on September 18, 1947.

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University of Illinois Press

The University of Illinois Press (UIP) is a major American university press and is part of the University of Illinois system.

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University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee

The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (also known as UW–Milwaukee, UWM or Milwaukee) is a public urban research university located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.

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Vacuum tube

In electronics, a vacuum tube, an electron tube, or just a tube (North America), or valve (Britain and some other regions) is a device that controls electric current between electrodes in an evacuated container.

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Walter Houser Brattain

Walter Houser Brattain (February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American physicist at Bell Labs who, along with fellow scientists John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the point-contact transistor in December 1947.

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Wilhelm Exner Medal

The Wilhelm Exner Medal has been awarded by the Austrian Industry Association, Österreichischer Gewerbeverein (ÖGV), for excellence in research and science since 1921.

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William F. Buckley Jr.

William Frank Buckley Jr. (born William Francis Buckley; November 24, 1925 – February 27, 2008) was an American conservative author and commentator.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Redirects here:

Shockley, William, W. B. Shockley, William B. Shockley, William Bradford Shockley, William Bradford Shockley Jr..

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shockley

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