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History of Wales

Index History of Wales

The history of Wales begins with the arrival of human beings in the region thousands of years ago. [1]

296 relations: Aberdare, Abergwyngregyn, Aberystwyth, Ancient Rome, Angles, Anglesey, Anglicanism, Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Arminianism, Æthelfrith, Baptists, Barclodiad y Gawres, Baschurch, Battle of Bosworth Field, Battle of Chester, Battle of Crug Mawr, Battle of Hatfield Chase, Battle of Mynydd Carn, Battle of St Fagans, Bible translations into Welsh, Black British, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site, British Asian, British Empire, British Iron Age, Brittonic languages, Bronze, Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Brut y Tywysogion, Brycheiniog, Bryn Celli Ddu, Builth Wells, Cadafael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw, Cadwallon ap Cadfan, Caerwent, Calvinism, Cantiorix Inscription, Cardiff, Cardigan, Ceredigion, Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Castle, Catholic Church, Cavalier, Celtic Britons, Ceredigion, Chariot, Charles I of England, ..., Cheshire, Christian revival, Church of England, Civitas, Coal industry in Wales, Common Brittonic, Commonwealth of Nations, Congregational church, Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England, Cornwall, Cyfarthfa Ironworks, Cyfraith Hywel, Cynon Valley, Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Dafydd ap Gwilym, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Daniel Rowland (preacher), Deceangli, Deheubarth, Demetae, Demographic transition, Devolution, Dissenter, Dolmen, Dowlais Ironworks, Dyfed, Dylan Thomas, Earl of Chester, Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Shrewsbury, Economic history of the United Kingdom, Edward I of England, Edward II of England, Edwin of Northumbria, Eisteddfod, Elective rights, Elmet, Empress Matilda, Encyclopaedia of Wales, End of Roman rule in Britain, Exoskeleton, Fifteen Tribes of Wales, Firth of Forth, Galloway, Gaul, Genetic history of the British Isles, Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, Glamorgan, Gododdin, Gofraid mac Arailt, Government of Wales Act 1998, Gower Peninsula, Great Orme, Griffith Jones (priest), Gruffudd ap Cynan, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr, Gruffydd ap Rhys, Gwynedd, Hanged, drawn and quartered, Harold Godwinson, Hawarden Castle (medieval), Heir apparent, Hen Ogledd, Henry II of England, Henry III of England, Henry IV of England, Henry VII of England, Henry VIII of England, Herefordshire, History of the steel industry (1970–present), History of the United Kingdom, History of women in the United Kingdom, Homo sapiens, Howell Harris, Human, Hunter-gatherer, Hywel Dda, Illtud, Industrial Revolution, Ironworks, Ivory, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, John Davies (historian), John Jones Maesygarnedd, John Penry, Justiciar of South Wales, Keir Hardie, Kenneth O. Morgan, King of the Britons, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Gwent, Kingdom of Gwynedd, Kingdom of Northumbria, Kingdom of Powys, Kingdom of Strathclyde, Labour Party (UK), Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542, Liberal Party (UK), Limestone, List of Anglo-Welsh wars, List of governors of Roman Britain, Literary language, Llangadwaladr, Llanidloes, Llŷn Peninsula, Llyn Cerrig Bach, Llyn Fawr, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Llywelyn ap Madog, Llywelyn Bren, Llywelyn the Great, Lower Paleolithic, Ludlow, Machynlleth, Madog ap Llywelyn, Madog ap Maredudd, Maelgwn Gwynedd, Magistrate, Magnus Maximus, Mammoth, Maredudd ab Owain, Megalith, Menai Strait, Mercia, Merthyr Tydfil, Mesolithic, Methodism, Military history of Britain, Morgan Llwyd, National Assembly for Wales, Neanderthal, Neolithic, Nonconformist, Norman conquest of England, Normans, North Wales, Northern England, Novantae, Ochre, Offa of Mercia, Offa's Dyke, Ogham, Old Welsh, Ordovices, Oswald of Northumbria, Owain Glyndŵr, Owain Gwynedd, Owain Lawgoch, Owen Tudor, Paleolithic, Palm Sunday, Pembrokeshire, Pen Dinas, Penal Laws against Wales 1402, Penda of Mercia, Pengwern, Pentre Ifan, Pillar of Eliseg, Plaid Cymru, Poitou, Powys, Prehistoric Wales, Presbyterian Church of Wales, Prince of Wales, Principality of Wales, Puritans, Quaternary glaciation, Radiocarbon dating, Red Dragon (magazine), Red Lady of Paviland, Rheged, Rhodri the Great, Rhondda, Rhys ap Gruffydd, Rhys ap Tewdwr, Richard Davies (bishop), Richard III of England, Right to keep and bear arms, River Elwy, River Rhondda, Roman Britain, Roman conquest of Britain, Roman Empire, Roman engineering, Roman governor, Roman legion, Roman technology, Royal Air Force, Sacred language, Saint David, Saint Teilo, Saxons, Scotland, Second English Civil War, Selyf ap Cynan, Shrewsbury, Siege of Pembroke, Silures, South Wales, St Davids, Statute of Rhuddlan, Steel crisis, Stephen, King of England, Stone Age, Sub-Roman Britain, Sunday school, Swansea, Synod of Dort, Thomas Horton (soldier), Thomas Huet, Tinkinswood, Tower of London, Trahaearn ap Caradog, Tre'r Ceiri, Treaty of Aberconwy, Treaty of Montgomery, Tywysog, University of Wales Press, Upper Paleolithic, Vale of Glamorgan, Vikings, Votive offering, Wales, Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Welsh devolution referendum, 1997, Welsh Government, Welsh Italians, Welsh language, Welsh Marches, Welsh Methodist revival, Welsh nationalism, Welsh people, Welsh-language literature, Whitland, William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469), William Morgan (Bible translator), William Salesbury, William the Conqueror, William Williams Pantycelyn, World War I, Zinc, 1904–1905 Welsh revival. Expand index (246 more) »

Aberdare

Aberdare (Aberdâr) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon.

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Abergwyngregyn

Abergwyngregyn is a village and community of historical note in Gwynedd, a county and principal area in Wales.

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Aberystwyth

Aberystwyth (Mouth of the Ystwyth) is a historic market town, administrative centre, and holiday resort within Ceredigion, West Wales, often colloquially known as Aber.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Angles

The Angles (Angli) were one of the main Germanic peoples who settled in Great Britain in the post-Roman period.

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Anglesey

Anglesey (Ynys Môn) is an island situated on the north coast of Wales with an area of.

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Anglicanism

Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that evolved out of the practices, liturgy and identity of the Church of England following the Protestant Reformation.

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Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain

The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain describes the process which changed the language and culture of most of what became England from Romano-British to Germanic.

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Arminianism

Arminianism is based on theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius (1560–1609) and his historic supporters known as Remonstrants.

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Æthelfrith

Æthelfrith (died c. 616) was King of Bernicia from c. 593 until his death.

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Baptists

Baptists are Christians distinguished by baptizing professing believers only (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and doing so by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling).

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Barclodiad y Gawres

Barclodiad y Gawres (Welsh for 'apronful of the giantess') is a Neolithic burial chamber between Rhosneigr and Aberffraw on the southern coast of the island of Anglesey in North Wales.

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Baschurch

Baschurch (Eglwyssau Bassa) is a large village and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

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Battle of Bosworth Field

The Battle of Bosworth Field (or Battle of Bosworth) was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the Houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England in the latter half of the 15th century.

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Battle of Chester

The Battle of Chester (Old Welsh: Guaith Caer Legion; Welsh: Brwydr Caer) was a major victory for the Anglo Saxons over the native Britons near the city of Chester, England in the early 7th century.

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Battle of Crug Mawr

The Battle of Crug Mawr ('Great Barrow'), sometimes referred to as the Battle of Cardigan, took place in September or October 1136, as part of a struggle for control of Ceredigion which had been captured by the Normans.

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Battle of Hatfield Chase

The Battle of Hatfield Chase (Hæðfeld; Meigen) was fought on 12 October 633 at Hatfield Chase near Doncaster (today part of South Yorkshire, England).

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Battle of Mynydd Carn

The Battle of Mynydd Carn took place in 1081, as part of a dynastic struggle for control of the Welsh kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth.

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Battle of St Fagans

The Battle of St Fagans was a pitched battle in the Second English Civil War in 1648.

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Bible translations into Welsh

Bible translations into Welsh have existed since at least the 15th century, but the most widely used translation of the Bible into Welsh for several centuries was the 1588 translation by William Morgan, as revised in 1620.

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Black British

Black British are British citizens of Black origins or heritage, including those of African-Caribbean (sometimes called "Afro-Caribbean") background, and may include people with mixed ancestry.

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Bleddyn ap Cynfyn

Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (Bledẏnt uab Kẏnỽẏn; 1073), sometimes spelled Blethyn, was an 11th-century Welsh king.

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Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site

The Bontnewydd palaeolithic site (also known in its unmutated form as Pontnewydd Welsh language: 'New bridge') is an archaeological site near St Asaph, Denbighshire, Wales which has yielded one of the earliest known remains of Neanderthals in Britain.

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British Asian

British Asians (also referred as South Asians in the United Kingdom, Asian British people or Asian Britons) are persons of South Asian descent who reside in the United Kingdom.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Iron Age

The British Iron Age is a conventional name used in the archaeology of Great Britain, referring to the prehistoric and protohistoric phases of the Iron Age culture of the main island and the smaller islands, typically excluding prehistoric Ireland, which had an independent Iron Age culture of its own.

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Brittonic languages

The Brittonic, Brythonic or British Celtic languages (ieithoedd Brythonaidd/Prydeinig; yethow brythonek/predennek; yezhoù predenek) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family; the other is Goidelic.

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Bronze

Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12% tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon.

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Bronze Age

The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.

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Bronze Age Britain

Bronze Age Britain is an era of British history that spanned from c. 2500 until c. 800 BC.

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Brut y Tywysogion

Brut y Tywysogion (Chronicle of the Princes), also known as Brut y Tywysogyon, is one of the most important primary sources for Welsh history.

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Brycheiniog

Brycheiniog was an independent kingdom in South Wales in the Early Middle Ages.

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Bryn Celli Ddu

Bryn Celli Ddu is a prehistoric site on the Welsh island of Anglesey located near Llanddaniel Fab.

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Builth Wells

Builth Wells (Llanfair ym Muallt) is a town and electoral ward in the county of Powys, within the historic boundaries of Brecknockshire, mid Wales, lying at the confluence of the River Wye and the River Irfon, in the Welsh (or Upper) section of the Wye Valley.

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Cadafael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw

Cadafael ap Cynfeddw (Cadafael son of Cynfeddw) was King of Gwynedd (reigned 634 – c. 655).

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Cadwallon ap Cadfan

Cadwallon ap Cadfan (died 634A difference in the interpretation of Bede's dates has led to the question of whether Cadwallon was killed in 634 or the year earlier, 633. Cadwallon died in the year after the Battle of Hatfield Chase, which Bede reports as occurring in October 633; but if Bede's years are believed to have actually started in September, as some historians have argued, then Hatfield Chase would have occurred in 632, and therefore Cadwallon would have died in 633. Other historians have argued against this view of Bede's chronology, however, favoring the dates as he gives them.) was the King of Gwynedd from around 625 until his death in battle.

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Caerwent

Caerwent is a village and community in Monmouthshire, Wales.

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Calvinism

Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.

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Cantiorix Inscription

The Cantiorix Inscription is a stone grave marker of the early post-Roman era found near Ffestiniog in north Wales and now at the church at Penmachno.

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Cardiff

Cardiff (Caerdydd) is the capital of, and largest city in, Wales, and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom.

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Cardigan, Ceredigion

Cardigan (Aberteifi) is a town in the county of Ceredigionformerly Cardiganshirein Wales.

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Carmarthen

Carmarthen (Caerfyrddin, "Merlin's fort") is the county town of Carmarthenshire in Wales.

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Carmarthenshire

Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin; or informally Sir Gâr) is a unitary authority in the southwest of Wales and is the largest of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

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Castle

A castle (from castellum) is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages by predominantly the nobility or royalty and by military orders.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Cavalier

The term Cavalier was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier Royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration (1642 – c. 1679).

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Celtic Britons

The Britons, also known as Celtic Britons or Ancient Britons, were Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from the British Iron Age into the Middle Ages, at which point their culture and language diverged into the modern Welsh, Cornish and Bretons (among others).

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Ceredigion

Ceredigion is a county in the Mid Wales area of Wales and previously was a minor kingdom.

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Chariot

A chariot is a type of carriage driven by a charioteer using primarily horses to provide rapid motive power.

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Charles I of England

Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.

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Cheshire

Cheshire (archaically the County Palatine of Chester) is a county in North West England, bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south and Flintshire, Wales and Wrexham county borough to the west.

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Christian revival

Revivalism is increased spiritual interest or renewal in the life of a church congregation or society, with a local, national or global effect.

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Church of England

The Church of England (C of E) is the state church of England.

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Civitas

In the history of Rome, the Latin term civitas (plural civitates), according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by law (concilium coetusque hominum jure sociati).

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Coal industry in Wales

The coal industry in Wales has played an important role in the Industrial Revolution in Wales.

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Common Brittonic

Common Brittonic was an ancient Celtic language spoken in Britain.

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Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.

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Congregational church

Congregational churches (also Congregationalist churches; Congregationalism) are Protestant churches in the Reformed tradition practicing congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its own affairs.

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Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England

The Conquest of Wales by Edward I, sometimes referred to as the Edwardian Conquest of Wales,Examples of historians using the term include Professor J.E. Lloyd, regarded as the founder of the modern academic study of Welsh history, in his History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest, first published in 1911, and Professor R.R. Davies, the leading modern scholar of the period, in his works including The Age of Conquest: Wales, 1063–1415, published 2000.

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Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow) is a county in South West England in the United Kingdom.

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Cyfarthfa Ironworks

The Cyfarthfa Ironworks was a major 18th century and 19th century ironworks located in Cyfarthfa, on the north-western edge of Merthyr Tydfil, in South West Wales.

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Cyfraith Hywel

Cyfraith Hywel (Laws of Hywel), also known as Welsh law (Leges Walliæ), was the system of law practised in medieval Wales before its final conquest by England.

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Cynon Valley

Cynon Valley is one of many former coal mining valleys within the South Wales Valleys of Wales.

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Dafydd ap Gruffydd

Dafydd ap Gruffydd (or Dafydd ap Gruffudd, angl. David, son of Gruffydd) (11 July (?) 1238 – 3 October 1283) was Prince of Wales from 11 December 1282 until his execution on 3 October 1283 by King Edward I of England.

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Dafydd ap Gwilym

Dafydd ap Gwilym (c. 1315/1320 – c. 1350/1370) is regarded as one of the leading Welsh poets and amongst the great poets of Europe in the Middle Ages.

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Dafydd ap Llywelyn

Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. March 1212 – 25 February 1246) was Prince of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246.

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Daniel Rowland (preacher)

Daniel Rowland (also spelt Rowlands; c.1711 – 16 October 1790) was one of the foremost leaders of the Welsh Calvinistic Methodist revival, along with Howell Harris and William Williams.

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Deceangli

The Deceangli or Deceangi (Welsh: Tegeingl) were one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain, prior to the Roman invasion of the island.

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Deheubarth

Deheubarth (lit. "Right-hand Part", thus "the South") was a regional name for the realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to Gwynedd (Latin: Venedotia).

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Demetae

The Demetae were a Celtic people of Iron Age Britain who inhabited modern Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire in south-west Wales, and gave their name to the county of Dyfed.

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Demographic transition

Demographic transition (DT) is the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.

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Devolution

Devolution is the statutory delegation of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to govern at a subnational level, such as a regional or local level.

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Dissenter

A dissenter (from the Latin dissentire, "to disagree") is one who disagrees in matters of opinion, belief, etc.

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Dolmen

A dolmen is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more vertical megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table".

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Dowlais Ironworks

The Dowlais Ironworks was a major ironworks and steelworks located at Dowlais near Merthyr Tydfil, in Wales.

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Dyfed

Dyfed is a preserved county of Wales. It was created on 1 April 1974, as an amalgamation of the three pre-existing counties of Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire and Pembrokeshire. It was abolished twenty-two years later, on 1 April 1996, when the three original counties were reinstated, Cardiganshire being renamed Ceredigion the following day. The name "Dyfed" is retained for certain ceremonial and other purposes. It is a mostly rural county in southwestern Wales with a coastline on the Irish Sea and the Bristol Channel.

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Dylan Thomas

Dylan Marlais Thomas (27 October 1914 – 9 November 1953) was a Welsh poet and writer whose works include the poems "Do not go gentle into that good night" and "And death shall have no dominion"; the 'play for voices' Under Milk Wood; and stories and radio broadcasts such as A Child's Christmas in Wales and Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog.

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Earl of Chester

The Earldom of Chester (Welsh: Iarll Caer) was one of the most powerful earldoms in medieval England, extending principally over the counties of Cheshire and Flintshire.

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Earl of Pembroke

The Earldom of Pembroke is a title in the Peerage of England that was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England.

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Earl of Shrewsbury

Earl of Shrewsbury is a hereditary title of nobility created twice in the Peerage of England.

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Economic history of the United Kingdom

The economic history of the United Kingdom deals with the economic history of England and Great Britain from 1500 to the early 21st century.

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Edward I of England

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (Malleus Scotorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307.

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Edward II of England

Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also called Edward of Carnarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327.

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Edwin of Northumbria

Edwin (Ēadwine; c. 586 – 12 October 632/633), also known as Eadwine or Æduinus, was the King of Deira and Bernicia – which later became known as Northumbria – from about 616 until his death.

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Eisteddfod

In Welsh culture, an eisteddfod (plural eisteddfodau) is a Welsh festival of literature, music and performance.

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Elective rights

Two central issues for democracies are the right to candidate, and suffrage or the franchise—that is, the decision as to who is entitled to vote.

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Elmet

Elmet (Elfed) was an area of what later became the West Riding of Yorkshire, and an independent Brittonic kingdom between about the 5th century and early 7th century.

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Empress Matilda

Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was the claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.

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Encyclopaedia of Wales

The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales, published in January 2008, is a single-volume-publication encyclopaedia about Wales.

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End of Roman rule in Britain

The end of Roman rule in Britain was the transition from Roman Britain to post-Roman Britain.

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Exoskeleton

An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω, éxō "outer" and σκελετός, skeletós "skeleton") is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human.

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Fifteen Tribes of Wales

'The five royal tribes of Wales' and 'The fifteen tribes of Gwynedd' refer to a class of genealogical lists which were compiled by Welsh bards in the mid-15th century.

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Firth of Forth

The Firth of Forth (Linne Foirthe) is the estuary (firth) of several Scottish rivers including the River Forth.

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Galloway

Galloway (Gallovidia) is a region in southwestern Scotland comprising the historic counties of Wigtownshire and Kirkcudbrightshire.

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Gaul

Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine.

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Genetic history of the British Isles

The genetic history of the British Isles is the subject of research within the larger field of human population genetics.

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Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester

Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester, 3rd Lord of Glamorgan, 9th Lord of Clare (2 September 1243 – 7 December 1295) was a powerful English noble.

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Glamorgan

Glamorgan, or sometimes Glamorganshire, (Morgannwg or Sir Forgannwg) is one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales and a former administrative county of Wales.

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Gododdin

The Gododdin were a P-Celtic-speaking Brittonic people of north-eastern Britannia, the area known as the Hen Ogledd or Old North (modern south-east Scotland and north-east England), in the sub-Roman period.

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Gofraid mac Arailt

Gofraid mac Arailt (died 989), in Old Norse Guðrøðr Haraldsson, was a Scandinavian or Norse-Gael king.

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Government of Wales Act 1998

The Government of Wales Act 1998 (c. 38) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Gower Peninsula

Gower (Gŵyr) or the Gower Peninsula (Penrhyn Gŵyr) is in South Wales.

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Great Orme

The Great Orme or Great Orme's Head (Y Gogarth or Pen y Gogarth) is a prominent limestone headland on the north coast of Wales, next to the town of Llandudno.

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Griffith Jones (priest)

Griffith Jones (early 1684 – 8 April 1761) was a Welsh minister of the Church of England and a promoter of Methodism.

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Gruffudd ap Cynan

Gruffudd ap Cynan (c. 1055 – 1137), sometimes written as Gruffydd ap Cynan, was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until his death in 1137.

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Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (died 5 August 1063) was the King of Wales from 1055 to 1063.

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Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Fawr

Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1196 – 1 March 1244) was the Welsh first-born son of Llywelyn the Great ("Llywelyn Fawr").

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Gruffydd ap Rhys

Gruffydd ap Rhys (c. 1081 – 1137)http://www.mathematical.com/gruffyddgwenllian1085.html was King of Deheubarth, in Wales.

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Gwynedd

Gwynedd is a county in Wales, sharing borders with Powys, Conwy, Anglesey over the Menai Strait, and Ceredigion over the River Dyfi.

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Hanged, drawn and quartered

To be hanged, drawn and quartered was from 1352 a statutory penalty in England for men convicted of high treason, although the ritual was first recorded during the reign of King Henry III (1216–1272).

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Harold Godwinson

Harold Godwinson (– 14 October 1066), often called Harold II, was the last Anglo-Saxon king of England.

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Hawarden Castle (medieval)

Hawarden Old Castle (Castell Penarlâg) is a Grade I listed medieval castle near Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales.

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Heir apparent

An heir apparent is a person who is first in a line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person.

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Hen Ogledd

Yr Hen Ogledd, in English the Old North, is the region of Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands inhabited by the Celtic Britons of sub-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages.

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Henry II of England

Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also partially controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany.

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Henry III of England

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death.

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Henry IV of England

Henry IV (15 April 1367 – 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1399 to 1413, and asserted the claim of his grandfather, Edward III, to the Kingdom of France.

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Henry VII of England

Henry VII (Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death on 21 April 1509.

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Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death.

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Herefordshire

Herefordshire is a county in the West Midlands of England, governed by Herefordshire Council.

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History of the steel industry (1970–present)

The global steel industry has been going through major changes since 1970.

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History of the United Kingdom

The history of the United Kingdom as a unified state can be treated as beginning in 1707 with the political union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland, into a united kingdom called Great Britain.

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History of women in the United Kingdom

History of women in the United Kingdom covers the social, cultural and political roles of women in Britain over the last two millennia.

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Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens is the systematic name used in taxonomy (also known as binomial nomenclature) for the only extant human species.

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Howell Harris

Howell Harris (italic; 23 January 1714 – 21 July 1773) was one of the main leaders of the Welsh Methodist revival in the 18th century, along with Daniel Rowland and William Williams Pantycelyn.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

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Hywel Dda

Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good) or Hywel ap Cadell (c.880 – 950) was a King of Deheubarth who eventually came to rule most of Wales.

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Illtud

St. Illtud (also spelled Illtyd, Eltut, and, in Latin, Hildutus), also known as Illtud Farchog "Illtud the Knight", is venerated as the founder-abbot and teacher of the divinity school known as Cor Tewdws, located in Llanilltud Fawr (Llantwit Major) in the Welsh county of Glamorgan. He founded the monastery and college in the 6th century, and the school is believed to be Britain’s earliest centre of learning. At its height, it had over 1000 pupils and schooled many of the great saints of the age, including Saint David of Wales, Gildas the Historian, and Samson of Dol.Rudge, F.M. (1910). St. Illtyd. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 1 September 2012.

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Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

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Ironworks

An ironworks or iron works is a building or site where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made.

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Ivory

Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally elephants') and teeth of animals, that can be used in art or manufacturing.

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Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford

Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford, Earl of Pembroke, KG (Welsh: Siasbar ab Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur ap Goronwy) (c. November 1431 – 21/26 December 1495) was the uncle of King Henry VII of England and a leading architect of his nephew's successful conquest of England and Wales in 1485.

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John Davies (historian)

John Davies (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster.

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John Jones Maesygarnedd

John Jones Maesygarnedd (c. 1597 – 17 October 1660) was a Welsh military leader and politician, known as one of the regicides of King Charles I following the English Civil War.

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John Penry

John Penry (1559 – 29 May 1593) is Wales's most famous Protestant martyr.

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Justiciar of South Wales

The Justiciar of South Wales, sometimes referred to as the Justiciar of West Wales was a royal official of the Principality of Wales during the medieval period.

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Keir Hardie

James Keir Hardie (15 August 185626 September 1915) was a Scottish socialist, politician, and trade unionist.

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Kenneth O. Morgan

Kenneth Owen Morgan, Baron Morgan, (born 16 May 1934) is a Welsh historian and author, known especially for his writings on modern British history and politics and on Welsh history.

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King of the Britons

The title King of the Britons (Latin Rex Britannorum) was used (often retrospectively) to refer to the most powerful ruler among the Celtic Britons, both before and after the period of Roman Britain up until the Norman conquest of England.

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Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.

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Kingdom of Gwent

Gwent (Guent) was a medieval Welsh kingdom, lying between the Rivers Wye and Usk.

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Kingdom of Gwynedd

The Principality or Kingdom of Gwynedd (Medieval Latin: Venedotia or Norwallia; Middle Welsh: Guynet) was one of several successor states to the Roman Empire that emerged in sub-Roman Britain in the 5th century during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.

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Kingdom of Northumbria

The Kingdom of Northumbria (Norþanhymbra rīce) was a medieval Anglian kingdom in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland.

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Kingdom of Powys

The Kingdom of Powys was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain.

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Kingdom of Strathclyde

Strathclyde (lit. "Strath of the River Clyde"), originally Ystrad Clud or Alclud (and Strath-Clota in Anglo-Saxon), was one of the early medieval kingdoms of the Britons in Hen Ogledd ("the Old North"), the Brythonic-speaking parts of what is now southern Scotland and northern England.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.

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Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542

The Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 (Y Deddfau Cyfreithiau yng Nghymru 1535 a 1542) were parliamentary measures by which Wales became a full and equal part of the Kingdom of England and the legal system of England was extended to Wales and the norms of English administration introduced.

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Liberal Party (UK)

The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom – with the opposing Conservative Party – in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.

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List of Anglo-Welsh wars

This is an incomplete list of the wars and battles between the Anglo-Saxons who later formed into the Kingdom of England and the Britons; the pre-existing Brythonic population of Britain south of the Antonine Wall who came to be known later by the English as Welsh.

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List of governors of Roman Britain

This is a partial list of governors of Roman Britain from 43 to 409.

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Literary language

A literary language is the form of a language used in the writing of the language.

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Llangadwaladr

Llangadwaladr is a small village in south-west Anglesey, Wales, located around 2 miles east of Aberffraw and 3 miles south of Gwalchmai.

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Llanidloes

Llanidloes is a town on the A470 and B4518 roads in Powys, within the historic county boundaries of Montgomeryshire (Sir Drefaldwyn), Wales.

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Llŷn Peninsula

The Llŷn Peninsula (Penrhyn Llŷn or italic) extends into the Irish Sea from north west Wales, south west of the Isle of Anglesey.

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Llyn Cerrig Bach

Llyn Cerrig Bach is a small lake in the north-west of the island of Anglesey, Wales.

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Llyn Fawr

Llyn Fawr is a lake in the Cynon Valley (Welsh: Cwm Cynon), South Wales, that is best known as the site of an important hoard of weapons and tools from the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age.

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Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1223 – 11 December 1282), sometimes written as Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, also known as Llywelyn the Last (lit), was Prince of Wales (Princeps Wallie; Tywysog Cymru) from 1258 until his death at Cilmeri in 1282.

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Llywelyn ap Madog

Llywelyn ap Madog was Dean of St Asaph until 1357; and then Bishop of St AsaphHardy, T. Duffus.

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Llywelyn Bren

Llywelyn Bren (died 1318), or Llywelyn ap Gruffudd ap Rhys or Llywelyn of the Woods (English), was a nobleman who led a revolt in Wales during the reign of King Edward II of England in 1316.

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Llywelyn the Great

Llywelyn the Great (Llywelyn Fawr), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 117311 April 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales.

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Lower Paleolithic

The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.

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Ludlow

Ludlow is a market town in Shropshire, England, south of Shrewsbury and north of Hereford via the main A49 road, which bypasses the town.

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Machynlleth

Machynlleth, sometimes referred to colloquially as Mach, is a market town, community and electoral ward in Powys, Wales and within the historic boundaries of Montgomeryshire (Sir Drefaldwyn).

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Madog ap Llywelyn

Madog ap Llywelyn (died after 1312) was the leader of the Welsh revolt of 1294–95 against English rule.

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Madog ap Maredudd

Madog ap Maredudd (Madawg mab Maredud, Madawc mab Maredut; died 1160) was the last Prince of the entire Kingdom of Powys, Wales and for a time held the Fitzalan Lordship of Oswestry.

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Maelgwn Gwynedd

Maelgwn Gwynedd (Maglocunus; died c. 547Based on Phillimore's (1888) reconstruction of the dating of the Annales Cambriae (A Text).) was king of Gwynedd during the early 6th century.

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Magistrate

The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law.

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Magnus Maximus

Magnus Maximus (Flavius Magnus Maximus Augustus, Macsen Wledig) (August 28, 388) was Western Roman Emperor from 383 to 388.

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Mammoth

A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, proboscideans commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair.

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Maredudd ab Owain

Maredudd ab Owain (died) was a 10th-century king in Wales of the High Middle Ages.

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Megalith

A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones.

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Menai Strait

The Menai Strait (Afon Menai, the "River Menai") is a narrow stretch of shallow tidal water about long, which separates the island of Anglesey from the mainland of Wales.

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Mercia

Mercia (Miercna rīce) was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy.

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Merthyr Tydfil

Merthyr Tydfil (Merthyr Tudful) is a large town in Wales, with a population of about 63,546, situated approximately north of Cardiff.

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Mesolithic

In Old World archaeology, Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos "middle"; λίθος, lithos "stone") is the period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

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Methodism

Methodism or the Methodist movement is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity which derive their inspiration from the life and teachings of John Wesley, an Anglican minister in England.

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Military history of Britain

The Military history of Britain, including the military history of the United Kingdom and the military history of the island of Great Britain, is discussed in the following articles.

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Morgan Llwyd

Morgan Llwyd (1619 – 3 June 1659) was a Welsh Puritan preacher, poet and prose writer.

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National Assembly for Wales

The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru; commonly known as the Welsh Assembly) is a devolved parliament with power to make legislation in Wales.

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Neanderthal

Neanderthals (also; also Neanderthal Man, taxonomically Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo, who lived in Eurasia during at least 430,000 to 38,000 years ago.

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Neolithic

The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.

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Nonconformist

In English church history, a nonconformist was a Protestant who did not "conform" to the governance and usages of the established Church of England.

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Norman conquest of England

The Norman conquest of England (in Britain, often called the Norman Conquest or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, Flemish and French soldiers led by Duke William II of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.

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Normans

The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Normanni) were the people who, in the 10th and 11th centuries, gave their name to Normandy, a region in France.

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North Wales

North Wales (Gogledd Cymru) is an unofficial region of Wales.

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Northern England

Northern England, also known simply as the North, is the northern part of England, considered as a single cultural area.

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Novantae

The Novantae were a people of the late 2nd century who lived in what is now Galloway and Carrick, in southwestern-most Scotland.

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Ochre

Ochre (British English) (from Greek: ὤχρα, from ὠχρός, ōkhrós, pale) or ocher (American English) is a natural clay earth pigment which is a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand.

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Offa of Mercia

Offa was King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England, from 757 until his death in July 796.

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Offa's Dyke

Offa's Dyke (Clawdd Offa) is a large linear earthwork that roughly follows the current border between England and Wales.

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Ogham

Ogham (Modern Irish or; ogam) is an Early Medieval alphabet used to write the early Irish language (in the "orthodox" inscriptions, 1st to 6th centuries AD), and later the Old Irish language (scholastic ogham, 6th to 9th centuries).

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Old Welsh

Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg) is the label attached to the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh.

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Ordovices

The Ordovices were one of the Celtic tribes living in Great Britain before the Roman invasion.

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Oswald of Northumbria

Oswald (c 604 – 5 August 641/642Bede gives the year of Oswald's death as 642, however there is some question as to whether what Bede considered 642 is the same as what would now be considered 642. R. L. Poole (Studies in Chronology and History, 1934) put forward the theory that Bede's years began in September, and if this theory is followed (as it was, for instance, by Frank Stenton in his notable history Anglo-Saxon England, first published in 1943), then the date of the Battle of Heavenfield (and the beginning of Oswald's reign) is pushed back from 634 to 633. Thus, if Oswald subsequently reigned for eight years, he would have actually been killed in 641. Poole's theory has been contested, however, and arguments have been made that Bede began his year on 25 December or 1 January, in which case Bede's years would be accurate as he gives them.) was King of Northumbria from 634 until his death, and is venerated as a saint, of whom there was a particular cult in the Middle Ages.

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Owain Glyndŵr

Owain Glyndŵr (c. 1359 – c. 1415), or Owain Glyn Dŵr, was a Welsh ruler and the last native Welshman to hold the title Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru) but to many, viewed as an unofficial king.

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Owain Gwynedd

Owain ap Gruffudd (23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, North Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan.

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Owain Lawgoch

Owain Lawgoch (Owain of the Red Hand, Yvain de Galles), full name Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri (– July 1378), was a Welsh soldier who served in Spain, France, Alsace, and Switzerland.

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Owen Tudor

Sir Owen Tudor (Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur,Tudur is sometimes given as Tewdwr, an etymologically unrelated name, see House of Tudor#Ascent to the throne for details. 1400 – 2 February 1461) was a Welsh courtier and the second husband of Catherine of Valois (1401–1437), Henry V's widow.

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Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.

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Palm Sunday

Palm Sunday is a Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter.

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Pembrokeshire

Pembrokeshire (or; Sir Benfro) is a county in the southwest of Wales.

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Pen Dinas

Pen Dinas is the name of a large hill within the boundary of the village of Penparcau, on the coast of Ceredigion, Wales, (just south of Aberystwyth) upon which an extensive Iron Age, Celtic hillfort of international significance is situated.

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Penal Laws against Wales 1402

The Penal Laws against Wales were a set of laws, passed by the English Parliament in 1402.

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Penda of Mercia

Penda (died 15 November 655)Manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives the year as 655.

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Pengwern

Pengwern was a Brythonic settlement of sub-Roman Britain situated in what is now the English county of Shropshire, adjoining the modern Welsh border.

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Pentre Ifan

Pentre Ifan is the name of an ancient manor in the civil parish of Nevern, Pembrokeshire, Wales.

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Pillar of Eliseg

The Pillar of Eliseg — also known as Elise's Pillar or Croes Elisedd in Welsh — stands near Valle Crucis Abbey, Denbighshire, Wales.

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Plaid Cymru

Plaid Cymru (officially Plaid Cymru – Party of Wales, often referred to simply as Plaid) is a social-democratic political party in Wales advocating for Welsh independence from the United Kingdom within the European Union.

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Poitou

Poitou, in Poitevin: Poetou, was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.

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Powys

Powys is a principal area, a county and one of the preserved counties of Wales.

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Prehistoric Wales

Prehistoric Wales in terms of human settlements covers the period from about 230,000 years ago, the date attributed to the earliest human remains found in what is now Wales, to the year AD 48 when the Roman army began a military campaign against one of the Welsh tribes.

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Presbyterian Church of Wales

The Presbyterian Church of Wales (Eglwys Bresbyteraidd Cymru), also known as Calvinistic Methodist Church (Yr Eglwys Fethodistaidd Galfinaidd), is a denomination of Protestant Christianity in Wales.

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Prince of Wales

Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru) was a title granted to princes born in Wales from the 12th century onwards; the term replaced the use of the word king.

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Principality of Wales

The Principality of Wales (Tywysogaeth Cymru) existed between 1216 and 1536, encompassing two-thirds of modern Wales during its height between 1267 and 1277.

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Puritans

The Puritans were English Reformed Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to "purify" the Church of England from its "Catholic" practices, maintaining that the Church of England was only partially reformed.

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Quaternary glaciation

The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Quaternary Ice Age or Pleistocene glaciation, is a series of glacial events separated by interglacial events during the Quaternary period from 2.58 Ma (million years ago) to present.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Red Dragon (magazine)

Red Dragon was a magazine founded by Charles Wilkins in 1882, as a monthly periodical.

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Red Lady of Paviland

The Red Lady of Paviland is a male Upper Paleolithic partial skeleton dyed in red ochre and buried in Britain 33,000 BP.

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Rheged

Rheged was one of the kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd ("Old North"), the Brittonic-speaking region of what is now Northern England and southern Scotland, during the post-Roman era and Early Middle Ages.

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Rhodri the Great

Rhodri ap Merfyn (820–878), later known as Rhodri the Great (Rhodri Mawr), succeeded his father, Merfyn Frych, as King of Gwynedd in 844.

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Rhondda

Rhondda, or the Rhondda Valley (Cwm Rhondda), is a former coal mining valley in Wales, formerly a local government district, consisting of 16 communities built around the River Rhondda.

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Rhys ap Gruffydd

Rhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd (often anglicised to "Griffith") (1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197.

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Rhys ap Tewdwr

Rhys ap Tewdwr (before 1065 – 1093) was a king of Deheubarth in Wales and member of the Dinefwr dynasty, a branch descended from Rhodri the Great.

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Richard Davies (bishop)

Richard Davies (c. 15057 November 1581) was a Welsh bishop and scholar.

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Richard III of England

Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 1483 until his death at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

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Right to keep and bear arms

The right to keep and bear arms (often referred to as the right to bear arms) is the people's right to possess weapons (arms) for their own defense, as described in the philosophical and political writings of Aristotle, Cicero, John Locke, Machiavelli, the English Whigs and others.

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River Elwy

The River Elwy (Afon Elwy in Welsh) is a river in Wales and is a tributary of the River Clwyd.

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River Rhondda

The River Rhondda (Afon Rhondda) is a river in the Rhondda Valley, South Wales which has two major tributaries; the Rhondda Fawr (Large Rhondda) and the Rhondda Fach (Little Rhondda).

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Roman Britain

Roman Britain (Britannia or, later, Britanniae, "the Britains") was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 to 410 AD.

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Roman conquest of Britain

The Roman conquest of Britain was a gradual process, beginning effectively in AD 43 under Emperor Claudius, whose general Aulus Plautius served as first governor of Roman Britain (Britannia).

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire (Imperium Rōmānum,; Koine and Medieval Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, tr.) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.

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Roman engineering

Romans are famous for their advanced engineering accomplishments, although some of their own inventions were improvements on older ideas, concepts and inventions.

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Roman governor

A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the Roman Empire.

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Roman legion

A Roman legion (from Latin legio "military levy, conscription", from legere "to choose") was a large unit of the Roman army.

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Roman technology

Roman technology is the engineering practice which supported Roman civilization and made the expansion of Roman commerce and Roman military possible for over a millennium (753 BC–476 AD).

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.

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Sacred language

A sacred language, "holy language" (in religious context) or liturgical language is any language that is cultivated and used primarily in religious service or for other religious reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily life.

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Saint David

Saint David (Dewi Sant; Davidus; 500 589) was a Welsh bishop of Mynyw (now St Davids) during the 6th century; he was later regarded as a saint.

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Saint Teilo

Saint Teilo (Teliarus or Teliavus; TeliauWainewright, John. "" in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. XIV. Robert Appleton Co. (New York), 1912. Accessed 20 Jul 2013. or Telo; Télo or Théleau; – 9 February), also known by his Cornish name Eliud, was a British Christian monk, bishop, and founder of monasteries and churches from Penalun (Penally) near Tenby in Pembrokeshire, south Wales.

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Saxons

The Saxons (Saxones, Sachsen, Seaxe, Sahson, Sassen, Saksen) were a Germanic people whose name was given in the early Middle Ages to a large country (Old Saxony, Saxonia) near the North Sea coast of what is now Germany.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Second English Civil War

The Second English Civil War (1648–1649) was the second of three wars known collectively as the English Civil War (or Wars), which refers to the series of armed conflicts and political machinations which took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists from 1642 until 1651 and also include the First English Civil War (1642–1646) and the Third English Civil War (1649–1651).

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Selyf ap Cynan

Selyf ap Cynan (or Selyf Sarffgadau) (died 616) appears in Old Welsh genealogies as an early 7th-century King of Powys, the son of Cynan Garwyn.

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Shrewsbury

Shrewsbury is the county town of Shropshire, England.

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Siege of Pembroke

The Siege of Pembroke took place in 1648 during the Second English Civil War.

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Silures

The Silures were a powerful and warlike tribe or tribal confederation of ancient Britain, occupying what is now south east Wales and perhaps some adjoining areas.

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South Wales

South Wales (De Cymru) is the region of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south, and Mid Wales and West Wales to the north and west.

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St Davids

St Davids or St David's (Tyddewi,, "David's house") is a city, a community (full name St David's and the Cathedral Close) and a parish in Pembrokeshire, Wales, lying on the River Alun.

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Statute of Rhuddlan

The Statute of Rhuddlan (Statud Rhuddlan), also known as the Statutes of Wales (Statuta Vallie) or as the Statute of Wales (Statutum Vallie or Statutum Valliae), provided the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality of North Wales from 1284 until 1536.

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Steel crisis

The steel crisis was a recession in the global steel market during the 1973–75 recession, following the post–World War II economic expansion and the 1973 oil crisis.

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Stephen, King of England

Stephen (Étienne; – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 1135 to his death, as well as Count of Boulogne from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144.

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Stone Age

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.

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Sub-Roman Britain

Sub-Roman Britain is the transition period between the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century around CE 235 (and the subsequent collapse and end of Roman Britain), until the start of the Early Medieval period.

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Sunday school

A Sunday School is an educational institution, usually (but not always) Christian, which catered to children and other young people who would be working on weekdays.

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Swansea

Swansea (Abertawe), is a coastal city and county, officially known as the City and County of Swansea (Dinas a Sir Abertawe) in Wales, UK.

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Synod of Dort

The Synod of Dort (also known as the Synod of Dordt or the Synod of Dordrecht) was an international Synod held in Dordrecht in 1618–1619, by the Dutch Reformed Church, to settle a divisive controversy initiated by the rise of Arminianism.

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Thomas Horton (soldier)

Thomas Horton (1603 – October 1649) was an English soldier in the parliamentary army during the English Civil War.

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Thomas Huet

Rev. Thomas Huet (died 19 August 1591) was a Welsh clergyman and translator of the Bible.

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Tinkinswood

Tinkinswood or its full name Tinkinswood Burial Chamber (Siambr Gladdu Tinkinswood), also known as Castell Carreg, Llech-y-Filiast and Maes-y-Filiast, is a megalithic burial chamber, built around 6,000 BP (before Present), during the Neolithic period, in the Vale of Glamorgan, near Cardiff, Wales.

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Tower of London

The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.

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Trahaearn ap Caradog

Trahaearn ap Caradog (1044 – 1081) was a King of Gwynedd.

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Tre'r Ceiri

Tre'r Ceiri is a hillfort dating back to the Iron Age.

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Treaty of Aberconwy

The Treaty of Aberconwy was signed in 1277 by King Edward I of England and Llewelyn the Last of modern-day Wales, who had fought each other on and off for years over control of the Welsh countryside.

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Treaty of Montgomery

The Treaty of Montgomery was an Anglo-Cambrian treaty signed on 29 September 1267 in Montgomeryshire by which Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was acknowledged as Prince of Wales by King Henry III of England (r. 1216–1272).

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Tywysog

Tywysog, in modern Welsh, means "Prince", but historically it referred to a broader category of rulers.

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University of Wales Press

The University of Wales Press (Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru) was founded in 1922 as a central service of the University of Wales.

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Upper Paleolithic

The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic, Late Stone Age) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.

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Vale of Glamorgan

The Vale of Glamorgan, often referred to as The Vale, (Bro Morgannwg) is a county borough in Wales, bordering Bridgend, Cardiff, and Rhondda Cynon Taf.

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Vikings

Vikings (Old English: wicing—"pirate", Danish and vikinger; Swedish and vikingar; víkingar, from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.

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Votive offering

A votive deposit or votive offering is one or more objects displayed or deposited, without the intention of recovery or use, in a sacred place for broadly religious purposes.

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Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.

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Wars of the Roses

The Wars of the Roses were a series of English civil wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet: the House of Lancaster, associated with a red rose, and the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose.

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Wars of the Three Kingdoms

The Wars of the Three Kingdoms, sometimes known as the British Civil Wars, formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in the kingdoms of England, Ireland and Scotland between 1639 and 1651.

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Welsh devolution referendum, 1997

The Welsh devolution referendum of 1997 was a pre-legislative referendum held in Wales on 18 September 1997 over whether there was support for the creation of an assembly for Wales with devolved powers.

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Welsh Government

The Welsh Government (Llywodraeth Cymru) is the devolved government for Wales.

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Welsh Italians

Welsh Italians are an ethnic minority of Italian or mixed Italian and Welsh descent living in Wales.

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Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a member of the Brittonic branch of the Celtic languages.

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Welsh Marches

The Welsh Marches (Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along and around the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom.

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Welsh Methodist revival

The Welsh Methodist revival was an evangelical revival that revitalised Christianity in Wales during the 18th century.

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Welsh nationalism

Welsh nationalism (Cenedlaetholdeb Cymreig) emphasises the distinctiveness of Welsh language, culture, and history, and calls for more self-determination for Wales, which might include more devolved powers for the Welsh Assembly or full independence from the United Kingdom.

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Welsh people

The Welsh (Cymry) are a nation and ethnic group native to, or otherwise associated with, Wales, Welsh culture, Welsh history, and the Welsh language.

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Welsh-language literature

Welsh-language literature (llenyddiaeth Gymraeg) has been produced continuously since the emergence of Welsh from Brythonic as a distinct language c. 5th century AD.

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Whitland

Whitland (Welsh: Hendy-gwyn, lit. "Old White House", or Hendy-gwyn ar Daf, "Old White House on the River Taf", both in reference to the medieval Ty Gwyn ar Daf) is a community and small town in Carmarthenshire, south-west Wales, lying on the River Tâf.

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William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford

William FitzOsbern (c. 1020 – 22 February 1071), Lord of Breteuil, in Normandy, was a relative and close counsellor of William the Conqueror and one of the great magnates of early Norman England.

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William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469)

William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke KG (c. 1423 – 27 July 1469), known as "Black William", was a Welsh nobleman, politician, and courtier.

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William Morgan (Bible translator)

William Morgan (1545 – 10 September 1604) was Bishop of Llandaff and of St Asaph, and the translator of the first version of the whole Bible into Welsh from Greek and Hebrew.

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William Salesbury

William Salesbury also Salusbury (c. 1520 – c. 1584) was the leading Welsh scholar of the Renaissance and the principal translator of the 1567 Welsh New Testament.

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William the Conqueror

William I (c. 1028Bates William the Conqueror p. 33 – 9 September 1087), usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087.

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William Williams Pantycelyn

William Williams Pantycelyn (– 11 January 1791), also known as William Williams, William Pantycelyn, and Pantycelyn, is generally seen as Wales's most famous hymn writer.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.

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1904–1905 Welsh revival

The 1904–1905 Welsh Revival was the largest Christian revival in Wales during the 20th century.

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Redirects here:

Early modern history of Wales, Hanes Cymru, History of wales, Wales in the Early Modern Era, Welsh History, Welsh history.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wales

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