Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. ^[1]

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Table of Contents

1. 334 relations: *Walhaz, ABC-Clio, Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth University, Abingdon-on-Thames, Act of Uniformity 1662, Adposition, Agreement (linguistics), Alexander John Ellis, Allophone, Alun Cairns, Alun Ffred Jones, Alveolar consonant, American Community Survey, Android (operating system), Aneirin, Anglesey, Anglicanism, Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Annual Population Survey, Approximant, Archenfield, Argentina, Arriva Trains Wales, Association of Welsh Translators and Interpreters, Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, Australia, Auxiliary verb, Bachelor of Arts, Back vowel, Bath, Somerset, Battle of Deorham, BBC, BBC Cymru Wales, BBC News, BBC News Online, BBC Radio Cymru, Belmont, Massachusetts, Bible, Bible translations into Welsh, Bishop of Hereford, Blog, Book of Common Prayer, Book of Taliesin, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brexit, British Iron Age, Brittonic languages, Bronze Age, Canada, ... Expand index (284 more) » « Shrink index

2. Fusional languages
3. Languages attested from the 6th century
4. Languages of Wales
5. Languages of the United Kingdom
6. Western Brittonic languages

*Walhaz

*Walhaz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic word meaning 'foreigner', or more specifically 'Roman', 'Romance-speaker' or '(romanized) Celt', and survives in the English words of 'Wales/Welsh' and 'Cornwall.' The term was used by the ancient Germanic peoples to describe inhabitants of the former Roman Empire, who were largely romanised and spoke Latin languages (cf.

See Welsh language and *Walhaz

ABC-Clio

ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.

See Welsh language and ABC-Clio

Aberystwyth

Aberystwyth is a university and seaside town and a community in Ceredigion, Wales.

See Welsh language and Aberystwyth

Aberystwyth University

Aberystwyth University (Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales.

See Welsh language and Aberystwyth University

Abingdon-on-Thames

Abingdon-on-Thames, commonly known as Abingdon, is a historic market town and civil parish on the River Thames in the Vale of the White Horse district of Oxfordshire, England.

See Welsh language and Abingdon-on-Thames

Act of Uniformity 1662

The Act of Uniformity 1662 (14 Cha. 2. c. 4) is an Act of the Parliament of England.

See Welsh language and Act of Uniformity 1662

Adposition

Adpositions are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, behind, ago, etc.) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).

See Welsh language and Adposition

Agreement (linguistics)

In linguistics, agreement or concord (abbreviated) occurs when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates.

See Welsh language and Agreement (linguistics)

Alexander John Ellis

Alexander John Ellis (14 June 1814 – 28 October 1890) was an English mathematician, philologist and early phonetician who also influenced the field of musicology.

See Welsh language and Alexander John Ellis

Allophone

In phonology, an allophone (from the Greek ἄλλος,, 'other' and φωνή,, 'voice, sound') is one of multiple possible spoken soundsor phonesused to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language.

See Welsh language and Allophone

Alun Cairns

Alun Hugh Cairns (born 30 July 1970) is a Welsh Conservative politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Vale of Glamorgan from 2010 to 2024.

See Welsh language and Alun Cairns

Alun Ffred Jones

Alun Ffred Jones (born 29 October 1949) is a Welsh politician and member of Plaid Cymru and former television producer, writer and director.

See Welsh language and Alun Ffred Jones

Alveolar consonant

Alveolar (UK also) consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the upper teeth.

See Welsh language and Alveolar consonant

American Community Survey

The American Community Survey (ACS) is an annual demographics survey program conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau.

See Welsh language and American Community Survey

Android (operating system)

Android is a mobile operating system based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software, designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

See Welsh language and Android (operating system)

Aneirin

Aneirin, also rendered as Aneurin or Neirin, was an early Medieval Brythonic war poet who lived during the 6th century.

See Welsh language and Aneirin

Anglesey

Anglesey (Ynys Môn) is an island off the north-west coast of Wales.

See Welsh language and Anglesey

Anglicanism

Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe.

See Welsh language and Anglicanism

Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain

The settlement of Great Britain by diverse Germanic peoples led to the development of a new Anglo-Saxon cultural identity and shared Germanic language, Old English, which was most closely related to Old Frisian on the other side of the North Sea.

See Welsh language and Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain

Annual Population Survey

The Annual Population Survey (APS) is a combined statistical survey of households in Great Britain which is conducted quarterly by the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

See Welsh language and Annual Population Survey

Approximant

Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.

See Welsh language and Approximant

Archenfield

Archenfield (Old English: Ircingafeld, Middle English: "Irchenfield") is the historic English name for an area of southern and western Herefordshire in England.

See Welsh language and Archenfield

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

See Welsh language and Argentina

Arriva Trains Wales

Arriva Trains Wales (ATW; Trenau Arriva Cymru) was a British train operating company owned by Arriva UK Trains that operated the Wales & Borders franchise.

See Welsh language and Arriva Trains Wales

Association of Welsh Translators and Interpreters

The Association of Welsh Translators and Interpreters, which brands itself with its Welsh name Cymdeithas Cyfieithwyr Cymru, is a professional body representing English/Welsh translators and interpreters in Wales.

See Welsh language and Association of Welsh Translators and Interpreters

Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

The UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger was an online publication containing a comprehensive list of the world's endangered languages.

See Welsh language and Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

See Welsh language and Australia

Auxiliary verb

An auxiliary verb (abbreviated) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.

See Welsh language and Auxiliary verb

Bachelor of Arts

A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated B.A., BA, A.B. or AB; from the Latin baccalaureus artium, baccalaureus in artibus, or artium baccalaureus) is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines.

See Welsh language and Bachelor of Arts

Back vowel

A back vowel is any in a class of vowel sound used in spoken languages.

See Welsh language and Back vowel

Bath, Somerset

Bath (RP) is a city in the ceremonial county of Somerset, in England, known for and named after its Roman-built baths.

See Welsh language and Bath, Somerset

Battle of Deorham

The Battle of Deorham (or Dyrham) is portrayed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as an important military encounter between the West Saxons and the Britons in the West Country in 577.

See Welsh language and Battle of Deorham

BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

See Welsh language and BBC

BBC Cymru Wales

BBC Cymru Wales is a division of the BBC and the main public broadcaster in Wales.

See Welsh language and BBC Cymru Wales

BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

See Welsh language and BBC News

BBC News Online

BBC News Online is the website of BBC News, the division of the BBC responsible for newsgathering and production.

See Welsh language and BBC News Online

BBC Radio Cymru

BBC Radio Cymru is a Welsh language radio station owned and operated by BBC Cymru Wales, a division of the BBC.

See Welsh language and BBC Radio Cymru

Belmont, Massachusetts

Belmont is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.

See Welsh language and Belmont, Massachusetts

Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.

See Welsh language and Bible

Bible translations into Welsh

Parts of the Bible have been translated into Welsh since at least the 15th century, but the most widely used translation of the Bible into Welsh for several centuries was the 1588 translation by William Morgan, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan sef Yr Hen Destament, a'r Newydd as revised in 1620.

See Welsh language and Bible translations into Welsh

Bishop of Hereford

The Bishop of Hereford is the ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Hereford in the Province of Canterbury.

See Welsh language and Bishop of Hereford

Blog

A blog (a truncation of "weblog") is an informational website consisting of discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts).

See Welsh language and Blog

Book of Common Prayer

The Book of Common Prayer (BCP) is the name given to a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion and by other Christian churches historically related to Anglicanism.

See Welsh language and Book of Common Prayer

Book of Taliesin

The Book of Taliesin (Llyfr Taliesin) is one of the most famous of Middle Welsh manuscripts, dating from the first half of the 14th century though many of the fifty-six poems it preserves are taken to originate in the 10th century or before.

See Welsh language and Book of Taliesin

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula.

See Welsh language and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Brexit

Brexit (portmanteau of "British exit") was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).

See Welsh language and Brexit

British Iron Age

The British Iron Age is a conventional name used in the archaeology of Great Britain, referring to the prehistoric and protohistoric phases of the Iron Age culture of the main island and the smaller islands, typically excluding prehistoric Ireland, which had an independent Iron Age culture of its own.

See Welsh language and British Iron Age

Brittonic languages

The Brittonic languages (also Brythonic or British Celtic; ieithoedd Brythonaidd/Prydeinig; yethow brythonek/predennek; and yezhoù predenek) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family; the other is Goidelic.

See Welsh language and Brittonic languages

Bronze Age

The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.

See Welsh language and Bronze Age

Canada

Canada is a country in North America.

See Welsh language and Canada

Cardiff

Cardiff (Caerdydd) is the capital and largest city of Wales.

See Welsh language and Cardiff

Carmarthenshire

Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin or informally Sir Gâr) is a county in the south-west of Wales.

See Welsh language and Carmarthenshire

Carwyn Jones

Carwyn Howell Jones (born 21 March 1967) is a Welsh politician who served as First Minister of Wales and Leader of Welsh Labour from 2009 to 2018.

See Welsh language and Carwyn Jones

Celtic Britons

The Britons (*Pritanī, Britanni), also known as Celtic Britons or Ancient Britons, were an indigenous Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age until the High Middle Ages, at which point they diverged into the Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons (among others).

See Welsh language and Celtic Britons

Celtic languages

The Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from Proto-Celtic.

See Welsh language and Celtic languages

Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.

See Welsh language and Celts

Census in the United Kingdom

Coincident full censuses have taken place in the different jurisdictions of the United Kingdom every ten years since 1801, with the exceptions of 1941 (during the Second World War), Ireland in 1921/Northern Ireland in 1931, and Scotland in 2021.

See Welsh language and Census in the United Kingdom

Central (Liverpool ward)

Central was an electoral division of Liverpool City Council in the Liverpool Riverside Parliamentary constituency.

See Welsh language and Central (Liverpool ward)

Central vowel

A central vowel, formerly also known as a mixed vowel, is any in a class of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

See Welsh language and Central vowel

Ceredigion

Ceredigion, historically Cardiganshire, is a county in the west of Wales.

See Welsh language and Ceredigion

Chartism

Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in the United Kingdom that erupted from 1838 to 1857 and was strongest in 1839, 1842 and 1848.

See Welsh language and Chartism

Chirk

Chirk (Y Waun) is a town and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales, south of Wrexham, between it and Oswestry.

See Welsh language and Chirk

Chubut Province

Chubut (Provincia del Chubut,; Talaith Chubut) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.

See Welsh language and Chubut Province

Chubut River

The Chubut River (Río Chubut, Afon Camwy) is located in the Patagonia region of southern Argentina.

See Welsh language and Chubut River

Circumflex

The circumflex because of rendering limitation in Android (as of v13), that its default sans font fails to render "dotted circle + diacritic", so visitors just get a meaningless (to most) mark.

See Welsh language and Circumflex

Citizens Advice

Citizens AdviceCitizens Advice is the operating name of The National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux which is the umbrella charity for a wider network of local advice centres.

See Welsh language and Citizens Advice

Clevedon

Clevedon is a seaside town and civil parish in the unitary authority of North Somerset, England.

See Welsh language and Clevedon

Close vowel

A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in U.S. terminology), is any in a class of vowel sounds used in many spoken languages.

See Welsh language and Close vowel

Code talker

A code talker was a person employed by the military during wartime to use a little-known language as a means of secret communication.

See Welsh language and Code talker

Code-switching

In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation.

See Welsh language and Code-switching

Cofi dialect

Cofi is one of the regional accents and dialects of the Welsh language found in north Wales, and centred on Caernarfon, in Gwynedd, and its surrounding district.

See Welsh language and Cofi dialect

Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol

Before deleting any text please note that some of the text contained within this article has been authorised for use on a CC-BY-SA licence.

See Welsh language and Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol

Collation

Collation is the assembly of written information into a standard order.

See Welsh language and Collation

Common Brittonic

Common Brittonic (Brythoneg; Brythonek; Predeneg), also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, is an extinct Celtic language spoken in Britain and Brittany.

See Welsh language and Common Brittonic

Conditional mood

The conditional mood (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood used in conditional sentences to express a proposition whose validity is dependent on some condition, possibly counterfactual.

See Welsh language and Conditional mood

Consonant mutation

Consonant mutation is change in a consonant in a word according to its morphological or syntactic environment.

See Welsh language and Consonant mutation

Continental Europe

Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands.

See Welsh language and Continental Europe

Conwy County Borough

Conwy County Borough (Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy) is a county borough in the north of Wales.

See Welsh language and Conwy County Borough

Cornish language

Cornish (Standard Written Form: Kernewek or Kernowek) is a Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language family. Welsh language and Cornish language are languages of the United Kingdom and verb–subject–object languages.

See Welsh language and Cornish language

Council of the European Union

The Council of the European Union, often referred to in the treaties and other official documents simply as the Council, and informally known as the Council of Ministers, is the third of the seven Institutions of the European Union (EU) as listed in the Treaty on European Union.

See Welsh language and Council of the European Union

Cumbric

Cumbric is an extinct Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup spoken during the Early Middle Ages in the Hen Ogledd or "Old North", in what became the counties of Westmorland and Cumberland (now combined as Cumbria), and also Northumberland and northern parts of Lancashire and Yorkshire in Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands. Welsh language and Cumbric are languages attested from the 6th century, languages of the United Kingdom and western Brittonic languages.

See Welsh language and Cumbric

Curriculum for Wales (2022–present)

The Curriculum for Wales is the curriculum which is being introduced in state-funded education in Wales for pupils aged three to sixteen years.

See Welsh language and Curriculum for Wales (2022–present)

Daily Post (North Wales)

The Daily Post is a daily newspaper for the North Wales region of Wales.

See Welsh language and Daily Post (North Wales)

Dal Ati

Dal Ati (Keep at It) is a series of Welsh language television programmes broadcast on S4C to help Welsh speakers and learners gain confidence in the language.

See Welsh language and Dal Ati

De facto

De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.

See Welsh language and De facto

De jure

In law and government, de jure describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.

See Welsh language and De jure

Denbighshire

Denbighshire (Sir Ddinbych) is a county in the north-east of Wales.

See Welsh language and Denbighshire

Diacritic

A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph.

See Welsh language and Diacritic

Digital television transition

The digital television transition, also called the digital switchover (DSO), the analogue switch/sign-off (ASO), the digital migration, or the analogue shutdown, is the process in which older analogue television broadcasting technology is converted to and replaced by digital television.

See Welsh language and Digital television transition

Digraph (orthography)

A digraph or digram is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.

See Welsh language and Digraph (orthography)

Discourse

Discourse is a generalization of the notion of a conversation to any form of communication.

See Welsh language and Discourse

Dyfedeg

italic or Y Ddyfedeg is one of the four traditional dialects of the Welsh language.

See Welsh language and Dyfedeg

Early Middle Ages

The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century.

See Welsh language and Early Middle Ages

Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I (7 September 153324 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603.

See Welsh language and Elizabeth I

England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and England

English and Welsh

"English and Welsh" is J. R. R. Tolkien's inaugural O'Donnell Memorial Lecture of 21 October 1955.

See Welsh language and English and Welsh

English language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain. Welsh language and English language are Fusional languages and languages of the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and English language

European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe.

See Welsh language and European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

Facebook

Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by American technology conglomerate Meta.

See Welsh language and Facebook

Firefox

Mozilla Firefox, or simply Firefox, is a free and open source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation.

See Welsh language and Firefox

First language

A first language (L1), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.

See Welsh language and First language

Firth of Forth

The Firth of Forth is the estuary, or firth, of several Scottish rivers including the River Forth.

See Welsh language and Firth of Forth

Florida

Florida is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.

See Welsh language and Florida

Fricative

A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.

See Welsh language and Fricative

Front vowel

A front vowel is a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages, its defining characteristic being that the highest point of the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would otherwise make it a consonant.

See Welsh language and Front vowel

Fusional language

Fusional languages or inflected languages are a type of synthetic language, distinguished from agglutinative languages by their tendency to use single inflectional morphemes to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic, or semantic features. Welsh language and Fusional language are Fusional languages.

See Welsh language and Fusional language

Future tense

In grammar, a future tense (abbreviated) is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.

See Welsh language and Future tense

Gaels

The Gaels (Na Gaeil; Na Gàidheil; Ny Gaeil) are an ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man.

See Welsh language and Gaels

Gboard

Gboard is a virtual keyboard app developed by Google for Android and iOS devices.

See Welsh language and Gboard

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru

Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (GPC) (The University of Wales Dictionary) is the only standard historical dictionary of the Welsh language, aspiring to be "comparable in method and scope to the Oxford English Dictionary".

See Welsh language and Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru

Glamorgan

Until 1974, Glamorgan, or sometimes Glamorganshire (Morgannwg or Sir Forgannwg), was an administrative county in the south of Wales, and later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

See Welsh language and Glamorgan

Glottal consonant

Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation.

See Welsh language and Glottal consonant

Golwg360

is a Welsh-language news website.

See Welsh language and Golwg360

Gomer Press

Gomer Press (Welsh: Gwasg Gomer) is a family printing (and formerly publishing) company based in Llandysul, west Wales.

See Welsh language and Gomer Press

Government of Wales Act 1998

The Government of Wales Act 1998 (c. 38) (Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and Government of Wales Act 1998

Grammatical case

A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals) that corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording.

See Welsh language and Grammatical case

Grammatical conjugation

In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to rules of grammar).

See Welsh language and Grammatical conjugation

Grammatical gender

In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns.

See Welsh language and Grammatical gender

Grammatical number

In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more").

See Welsh language and Grammatical number

Great Britain

Great Britain (commonly shortened to Britain) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland and Wales.

See Welsh language and Great Britain

Greenbank (ward)

Greenbank was an electoral district of Liverpool City Council between 2004 and 2023.

See Welsh language and Greenbank (ward)

Gwenhwyseg

Gwenhwyseg or Y Wenhwyseg (also called "Gwentian" in English) is a Welsh dialect of South East Wales.

See Welsh language and Gwenhwyseg

Gwyndodeg

italic or Y Wyndodeg is one of the four traditional dialects of the Welsh language.

See Welsh language and Gwyndodeg

Gwynedd

Gwynedd is a county in the north-west of Wales.

See Welsh language and Gwynedd

Hate crime

A hate crime (also known a bias crime) is crime where a perpetrator targets a victim because of their physical appearance or perceived membership of a certain social group.

See Welsh language and Hate crime

Hen Ogledd

Yr Hen Ogledd, meaning the Old North, is the historical region that was inhabited by the Brittonic people of sub-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages, now Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands, alongside the fellow Brittonic Celtic Kingdom of Elmet.

See Welsh language and Hen Ogledd

Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau

"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" is the unofficial national anthem of Wales.

See Welsh language and Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau

History of the Welsh language

The history of the Welsh language (hanes yr iaith Gymraeg) spans over 1400 years, encompassing the stages of the language known as Primitive Welsh, Old Welsh, Middle Welsh, and Modern Welsh.

See Welsh language and History of the Welsh language

Homograph

A homograph (from the ὁμός, homós 'same' and γράφω, gráphō 'write') is a word that shares the same written form as another word but has a different meaning.

See Welsh language and Homograph

Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion

The Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion), often called simply the Cymmrodorion, is a London-based Welsh learned society, with membership open to all.

See Welsh language and Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion

HSBC UK

HSBC UK Bank plc is a British multinational banking and financial services organisation based in Birmingham, England.

See Welsh language and HSBC UK

Hugh Owen (educator)

Sir Hugh Owen (14 January 1804 – 20 November 1881) was a pioneer of higher education in Wales.

See Welsh language and Hugh Owen (educator)

Ifan ab Owen Edwards

Sir Ifan ab Owen Edwards (25 July 1895 – 23 January 1970) was a Welsh academic, writer and film-maker, best known as the founder of Urdd Gobaith Cymru, the Welsh League of Youth.

See Welsh language and Ifan ab Owen Edwards

Imperfect

The imperfect (abbreviated) is a verb form that combines past tense (reference to a past time) and imperfective aspect (reference to a continuing or repeated event or state).

See Welsh language and Imperfect

Inflected preposition

In linguistics, an inflected preposition is a type of word that occurs in some languages, that corresponds to the combination of a preposition and a personal pronoun.

See Welsh language and Inflected preposition

Inflection

In linguistic morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy, and definiteness.

See Welsh language and Inflection

Institution of Engineering and Technology

The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is a multidisciplinary professional engineering institution.

See Welsh language and Institution of Engineering and Technology

Insular Celtic languages

Insular Celtic languages are the group of Celtic languages spoken in Brittany, Great Britain, Ireland, and the Isle of Man.

See Welsh language and Insular Celtic languages

Interdental consonant

Interdental consonants are produced by placing the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth.

See Welsh language and Interdental consonant

IOS

iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system developed by Apple exclusively for its smartphones.

See Welsh language and IOS

J. R. R. Tolkien

John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (3 January 1892 – 2 September 1973) was an English writer and philologist.

See Welsh language and J. R. R. Tolkien

Jallianwala Bagh massacre

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919.

See Welsh language and Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Jill Evans

Jill Evans (born 8 May 1959) is a Plaid Cymru politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Wales from 1999 to 2020.

See Welsh language and Jill Evans

John Davies (historian)

John Davies, FLSW (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster.

See Welsh language and John Davies (historian)

John Lane (publisher)

John Lane (14 March 1854 – 2 February 1925) was a British publisher who co-founded The Bodley Head with Charles Elkin Mathews.

See Welsh language and John Lane (publisher)

Kenneth H. Jackson

Prof Kenneth Hurlstone Jackson CBE FRSE FSA DLitt (1 November 1909 – 20 February 1991) was an English linguist and a translator who specialised in the Celtic languages.

See Welsh language and Kenneth H. Jackson

Kenneth O. Morgan

Kenneth Owen Morgan, Baron Morgan, (born 16 May 1934) is a Welsh historian and author, known especially for his writings on modern British history and politics and on Welsh history.

See Welsh language and Kenneth O. Morgan

Kingdom of Dyfed

The Kingdom of Dyfed, one of several Welsh petty kingdoms that emerged in 5th-century sub-Roman Britain in southwest Wales, was based on the former territory of the Demetae (modern Welsh Dyfed).

See Welsh language and Kingdom of Dyfed

Kingdom of Gwent

Gwent (Guent) was a medieval Welsh kingdom, lying between the Rivers Wye and Usk.

See Welsh language and Kingdom of Gwent

Kingdom of Gwynedd

The Kingdom of Gwynedd (Medieval Latin:; Middle Welsh: Guynet) was a Welsh kingdom and a Roman Empire successor state that emerged in sub-Roman Britain in the 5th century during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.

See Welsh language and Kingdom of Gwynedd

Kingdom of Morgannwg

Morgannwg was a medieval Welsh kingdom formed via the merger of the kingdoms of Glywysing and Gwent.

See Welsh language and Kingdom of Morgannwg

Kingdom of Powys

The Kingdom of Powys (Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain.

See Welsh language and Kingdom of Powys

Labial consonant

Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator.

See Welsh language and Labial consonant

Languages of Europe

There are over 250 languages indigenous to Europe, and most belong to the Indo-European language family.

See Welsh language and Languages of Europe

Languages of the United Kingdom

English, in various dialects, is the most widely spoken language of the United Kingdom, but a number of regional and migrant languages are also spoken. Regional indigenous languages are Scots and Ulster Scots and the Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh and, as a revived language with few speakers, Cornish.

See Welsh language and Languages of the United Kingdom

Lateral consonant

A lateral is a consonant in which the airstream proceeds along one or both of the sides of the tongue, but it is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth.

See Welsh language and Lateral consonant

Latin script

The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia.

See Welsh language and Latin script

Legislation.gov.uk

legislation.gov.uk, formerly known as the UK Statute Law Database, is the official Web-accessible database of the statute law of the United Kingdom, hosted by The National Archives.

See Welsh language and Legislation.gov.uk

Lemma (morphology)

In morphology and lexicography, a lemma (lemmas or lemmata) is the canonical form, dictionary form, or citation form of a set of word forms.

See Welsh language and Lemma (morphology)

Letter (alphabet)

In a writing system, a letter is a grapheme that generally corresponds to a phoneme—the smallest functional unit of speech—though there is rarely total one-to-one correspondence between the two.

See Welsh language and Letter (alphabet)

LibreOffice

LibreOffice is a free and open-source office productivity software suite, a project of The Document Foundation (TDF).

See Welsh language and LibreOffice

Linguistic typology

Linguistic typology (or language typology) is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison.

See Welsh language and Linguistic typology

Linux distribution

A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection that includes the Linux kernel and often a package management system.

See Welsh language and Linux distribution

List of Welsh areas by percentage of Welsh-speakers

This is a list of subdivisions of Wales by the percentage of those professing some skills in the Welsh language in the 2011 UK census.

See Welsh language and List of Welsh areas by percentage of Welsh-speakers

List of Welsh films

This is a chronological list of films produced in Wales.

See Welsh language and List of Welsh films

List of Welsh people

This is a list of Welsh people (rhestr Cymry); an ethnic group and nation associated with Wales.

See Welsh language and List of Welsh people

List of Welsh-language authors

This is a list of Welsh-language authors.

See Welsh language and List of Welsh-language authors

List of Welsh-language media

This article lists and provides a summary of the content of some of those broadcast, print, and other media currently being produced in the Welsh language.

See Welsh language and List of Welsh-language media

List of Welsh-language poets (6th century to c. 1600)

Much of Welsh language poetry has, until quite recently, been composed in various forms of strict metre (canu caeth), latterly with the encouragement of the eisteddfod movement.

See Welsh language and List of Welsh-language poets (6th century to c. 1600)

Liverpool

Liverpool is a cathedral, port city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England.

See Welsh language and Liverpool

Llandysul

Llandysul, also spelt Llandyssul, is a town and community in the county of Ceredigion, Wales.

See Welsh language and Llandysul

Llanymynech

Llanymynech is a village and former civil parish straddling the border between Montgomeryshire/Powys, Wales, and Shropshire, England, about 9 miles (14 km) north of the Welsh town of Welshpool.

See Welsh language and Llanymynech

Loanword

A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing.

See Welsh language and Loanword

Local education authorities in England and Wales

Local education authorities (LEAs) were defined in England and Wales as the local councils responsible for education within their jurisdictions.

See Welsh language and Local education authorities in England and Wales

Local government in Wales

Local government in Wales is primarily undertaken by the twenty-two principal councils.

See Welsh language and Local government in Wales

London

London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.

See Welsh language and London

Mabinogion

The Mabinogion are the earliest Welsh prose stories, and belong to the Matter of Britain.

See Welsh language and Mabinogion

Massacre of Glencoe

The Massacre of Glencoe took place in Glen Coe in the Highlands of Scotland on 13 February 1692.

See Welsh language and Massacre of Glencoe

Media Wales

Media Wales Ltd. is a publishing company based in Cardiff, Wales.

See Welsh language and Media Wales

Medieval Welsh literature

Medieval Welsh literature is the literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages.

See Welsh language and Medieval Welsh literature

Medium of instruction

A medium of instruction (plural: media of instruction, or mediums of instruction) is a language used in teaching.

See Welsh language and Medium of instruction

Meri Huws

Meri Huws (born September 1957) is a Welsh academic and public official and formerly the Welsh Language Commissioner.

See Welsh language and Meri Huws

Microsoft Office

Microsoft Office, or simply Office, is a family of client software, server software, and services developed by Microsoft.

See Welsh language and Microsoft Office

Mid vowel

A mid vowel (or a true-mid vowel) is any in a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages.

See Welsh language and Mid vowel

Middle Welsh

Middle Welsh (Cymraeg Canol, Kymraec) is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 15th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period.

See Welsh language and Middle Welsh

Middle-earth

Middle-earth is the setting of much of the English writer J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy.

See Welsh language and Middle-earth

Morphology (linguistics)

In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language.

See Welsh language and Morphology (linguistics)

NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

See Welsh language and NASA

Nasal consonant

In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.

See Welsh language and Nasal consonant

National Eisteddfod of Wales

The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales.

See Welsh language and National Eisteddfod of Wales

New Testament

The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.

See Welsh language and New Testament

Newport, Wales

Newport (Casnewydd) is a city and county borough in Wales, situated on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn Estuary, northeast of Cardiff.

See Welsh language and Newport, Wales

Nonconformist (Protestantism)

Nonconformists were Protestant Christians who did not "conform" to the governance and usages of the state church in England, and in Wales until 1914, the Church of England.

See Welsh language and Nonconformist (Protestantism)

Nonconformity in Wales

Nonconformity was a major religious movement in Wales from the 18th to the 20th centuries.

See Welsh language and Nonconformity in Wales

Norah Isaac

Norah Isaac (1914 – 3 August 2003) was a Welsh author, drama producer and campaigner for Welsh-language education.

See Welsh language and Norah Isaac

Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia is a province of Canada, located on its east coast.

See Welsh language and Nova Scotia

Object (grammar)

In linguistics, an object is any of several types of arguments.

See Welsh language and Object (grammar)

Office for National Statistics

The Office for National Statistics (ONS; Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol) is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to the UK Parliament.

See Welsh language and Office for National Statistics

Old English

Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.

See Welsh language and Old English

Old Welsh

Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg) is the stage of the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh.

See Welsh language and Old Welsh

One Wales

One Wales (Cymru'n Un) was the coalition agreement for the National Assembly for Wales between Labour and Plaid Cymru agreed to by Rhodri Morgan, First Minister of Wales and leader of Welsh Labour, and Ieuan Wyn Jones, leader of Plaid Cymru, on 27 June 2007.

See Welsh language and One Wales

Open University

The Open University (OU) is a public research university and the largest university in the United Kingdom by number of students.

See Welsh language and Open University

Open vowel

An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.

See Welsh language and Open vowel

OpenOffice.org

OpenOffice.org (OOo), commonly known as OpenOffice, is a discontinued open-source office suite.

See Welsh language and OpenOffice.org

Orange UK

Orange UK was a mobile network operator and internet service provider in the United Kingdom, launched in 1994.

See Welsh language and Orange UK

Oswestry

Oswestry is a market town, civil parish and historic railway town in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border.

See Welsh language and Oswestry

Owen Morgan Edwards

Sir Owen Morgan Edwards (26 December 1858 – 15 May 1920) was a Welsh historian, educationalist and writer.

See Welsh language and Owen Morgan Edwards

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See Welsh language and Oxford University Press

Palatal consonant

Palatals are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth).

See Welsh language and Palatal consonant

Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories.

See Welsh language and Parliament of the United Kingdom

Patagonia

Patagonia is a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile.

See Welsh language and Patagonia

Patagonian Welsh

Patagonian Welsh (Cymraeg y Wladfa) is a variety of the Welsh language spoken in Y Wladfa, the Welsh settlement in Patagonia, Chubut Province, Argentina. Welsh language and Patagonian Welsh are languages of Argentina.

See Welsh language and Patagonian Welsh

Pembrokeshire

Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro) is a county in the south-west of Wales.

See Welsh language and Pembrokeshire

Penguin Books

Penguin Books Limited is a British publishing house.

See Welsh language and Penguin Books

Periphrasis

In linguistics and literature, periphrasis is the use of a larger number of words, with an implicit comparison to the possibility of using fewer.

See Welsh language and Periphrasis

Personal pronoun

Personal pronouns are pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it, they).

See Welsh language and Personal pronoun

Phonology

Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phones or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.

See Welsh language and Phonology

Pitch (music)

Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale, or more commonly, pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies.

See Welsh language and Pitch (music)

Plaid Cymru

Plaid Cymru (officially Plaid Cymru – the Party of Wales, and often referred to simply as Plaid) is a centre-left to left-wing, Welsh nationalist political party in Wales, committed to Welsh independence from the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and Plaid Cymru

Plosive

In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.

See Welsh language and Plosive

Poetry

Poetry (from the Greek word poiesis, "making") is a form of literary art that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, literal or surface-level meanings.

See Welsh language and Poetry

Polish language

Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.

See Welsh language and Polish language

Postalveolar consonant

Postalveolar (post-alveolar) consonants are consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the alveolar ridge.

See Welsh language and Postalveolar consonant

Powys

Powys is a county and preserved county in Wales.

See Welsh language and Powys

Powyseg

Powyseg (or Powysian; Powyseg or y Bowyseg) is a dialect of the Welsh language spoken in the central areas of Wales.

See Welsh language and Powyseg

Preterite

The preterite or preterit (abbreviated or) is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past; in some languages, such as Spanish, French, and English, it is equivalent to the simple past tense.

See Welsh language and Preterite

Pro-drop language

A pro-drop language (from "pronoun-dropping") is a language in which certain classes of pronouns may be omitted when they can be pragmatically or grammatically inferable.

See Welsh language and Pro-drop language

Proto-Germanic language

Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.

See Welsh language and Proto-Germanic language

Ralph Lingen, 1st Baron Lingen

Ralph Robert Wheeler Lingen, 1st Baron Lingen (19 December 1819 – 22 July 1905) was an English civil servant.

See Welsh language and Ralph Lingen, 1st Baron Lingen

Reach plc

Reach plc (known as Trinity Mirror between 1999 and 2018) is a British newspaper, magazine and digital publisher.

See Welsh language and Reach plc

Rebecca Riots

The Rebecca Riots (Welsh: Terfysgoedd Beca) took place between 1839 and 1843 in West and Mid Wales.

See Welsh language and Rebecca Riots

Regions of England

The regions of England, formerly known as the government office regions, are the highest tier of sub-national division in England.

See Welsh language and Regions of England

Register (sociolinguistics)

In sociolinguistics, a register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or particular communicative situation.

See Welsh language and Register (sociolinguistics)

Regulation and licensure in engineering

Regulation and licensure in engineering is established by various jurisdictions of the world to encourage life, public welfare, safety, well-being, then environment and other interests of the general public and to define the licensure process through which an engineer becomes licensed to practice engineering and to provide professional services and products to the public.

See Welsh language and Regulation and licensure in engineering

Rhyl

Rhyl (Y Rhyl) is a seaside town and community in Denbighshire in Wales.

See Welsh language and Rhyl

Romance languages

The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin. Welsh language and Romance languages are Fusional languages.

See Welsh language and Romance languages

Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

See Welsh language and Routledge

Royal Welch Fusiliers

The Royal Welch Fusiliers (Ffiwsilwyr Brenhinol Cymreig) was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, and part of the Prince of Wales's Division, that was founded in 1689; shortly after the Glorious Revolution.

See Welsh language and Royal Welch Fusiliers

S4C

S4C (Sianel Pedwar Cymru, meaning Channel Four Wales) is a Welsh language free-to-air public broadcast television channel.

See Welsh language and S4C

Sage Publishing

Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.

See Welsh language and Sage Publishing

Samsung

Samsung Group (stylised as SΛMSUNG) is a South Korean multinational manufacturing conglomerate headquartered in Samsung Digital City, Suwon, South Korea.

See Welsh language and Samsung

Santa Barbara, California

Santa Barbara (Santa Bárbara, meaning) is a coastal city in Santa Barbara County, California, of which it is also the county seat.

See Welsh language and Santa Barbara, California

Scotland

Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and Scotland

Second language

A second language (L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1).

See Welsh language and Second language

Semantic change

Semantic change (also semantic shift, semantic progression, semantic development, or semantic drift) is a form of language change regarding the evolution of word usage—usually to the point that the modern meaning is radically different from the original usage.

See Welsh language and Semantic change

Senedd

The Senedd, officially known as the Welsh Parliament in English and Senedd Cymru in Welsh, is the devolved, unicameral legislature of Wales.

See Welsh language and Senedd

Shropshire

Shropshire (historically SalopAlso used officially as the name of the county from 1974–1980. The demonym for inhabitants of the county "Salopian" derives from this name. and abbreviated Shrops) is a ceremonial county in the West Midlands of England, on the border with Wales.

See Welsh language and Shropshire

Sindarin

Sindarin is one of the constructed languages devised by J. R. R. Tolkien for use in his fantasy stories set in Arda, primarily in Middle-earth. Welsh language and Sindarin are Fusional languages.

See Welsh language and Sindarin

Singulative number

In linguistics, singulative number and collective number (abbreviated and) are terms used when the grammatical number for multiple items is the unmarked form of a noun, and the noun is specially marked to indicate a single item.

See Welsh language and Singulative number

SMS

Short Message Service, commonly abbreviated as SMS, is a text messaging service component of most telephone, Internet and mobile device systems.

See Welsh language and SMS

St Benet's, Paul's Wharf

The Church of St Benet Paul's Wharf is a Welsh Anglican church in the City of London, England.

See Welsh language and St Benet's, Paul's Wharf

Statutory instrument (UK)

A statutory instrument (SI) is the principal form in which delegated legislation is made in Great Britain.

See Welsh language and Statutory instrument (UK)

Stress (linguistics)

In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is the relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence.

See Welsh language and Stress (linguistics)

Subjunctive mood

The subjunctive (also known as conjunctive in some languages) is a grammatical mood, a feature of an utterance that indicates the speaker's attitude toward it.

See Welsh language and Subjunctive mood

Syllable

A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds, typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants).

See Welsh language and Syllable

The American Historical Review

The American Historical Review is a quarterly academic history journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association, for which it is its official publication.

See Welsh language and The American Historical Review

The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

See Welsh language and The Guardian

The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

See Welsh language and The Independent

The National Archives (United Kingdom)

The National Archives (TNA; Yr Archifau Cenedlaethol) is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and The National Archives (United Kingdom)

The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

See Welsh language and The Times

Tolkien's legendarium

Tolkien's legendarium is the body of J. R. R. Tolkien's mythopoeic writing, unpublished in his lifetime, that forms the background to his The Lord of the Rings, and which his son Christopher summarized in his compilation of The Silmarillion and documented in his 12-volume series The History of Middle-earth.

See Welsh language and Tolkien's legendarium

Toll road

A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road (almost always a freeway since the 1940s) for which a fee (or toll) is assessed for passage.

See Welsh language and Toll road

Treachery of the Blue Books

The Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales, commonly referred to in Wales as the "Treason of the Blue Books" or "Treachery of the Blue Books" (Brad y Llyfrau Gleision) or just the "Blue Books" are a three-part publication by the British Government in 1847, which caused uproar in Wales for disparaging the Welsh; being particularly scathing in its view of the nonconformity, the Welsh language and the morality of the Welsh people in general.

See Welsh language and Treachery of the Blue Books

Trill consonant

In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator.

See Welsh language and Trill consonant

Tywyn

Tywyn, formerly spelled Towyn, is a town, community, and seaside resort on the Cardigan Bay coast of southern Gwynedd, Wales.

See Welsh language and Tywyn

UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.

See Welsh language and UNESCO

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

See Welsh language and United Kingdom

United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

See Welsh language and United Nations

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

See Welsh language and United States

United States Armed Forces

The United States Armed Forces are the military forces of the United States.

See Welsh language and United States Armed Forces

United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy.

See Welsh language and United States Census Bureau

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is an international document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly that enshrines the rights and freedoms of all human beings.

See Welsh language and Universal Declaration of Human Rights

University of Leeds

The University of Leeds is a public research university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England.

See Welsh language and University of Leeds

University of Wales Press

The University of Wales Press (Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru) was founded in 1922 as a central service of the University of Wales.

See Welsh language and University of Wales Press

Uvular consonant

Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants.

See Welsh language and Uvular consonant

Valais

Valais, more formally, the Canton of Valais, is one of the 26 cantons forming the Swiss Confederation. It is composed of thirteen districts and its capital and largest city is Sion. Valais is situated in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the cantons of Vaud and Bern to the north, the cantons of Uri and Ticino to the east, as well as Italy to the south and France to the west.

See Welsh language and Valais

Velar consonant

Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (also known as the "velum").

See Welsh language and Velar consonant

Verb–subject–object word order

In linguistic typology, a verb–subject–object (VSO) language has its most typical sentences arrange their elements in that order, as in Ate Sam oranges (Sam ate oranges). Welsh language and verb–subject–object word order are verb–subject–object languages.

See Welsh language and Verb–subject–object word order

Verbnoun

In Celtic languages such as Welsh, a verb-noun (or verbnoun) is used to refer to the basic form of a verb and is the form usually listed in a dictionary (for example, in the 'Modern Welsh Dictionary').

See Welsh language and Verbnoun

Vigesimal

A vigesimal or base-20 (base-score) numeral system is based on twenty (in the same way in which the decimal numeral system is based on ten).

See Welsh language and Vigesimal

Vlachs

Vlach, also Wallachian (and many other variants), is a term and exonym used from the Middle Ages until the Modern Era to designate speakers of Eastern Romance languages living in Southeast Europe—south of the Danube (the Balkan peninsula) and north of the Danube.

See Welsh language and Vlachs

Voiceless alveolar trill

The voiceless alveolar trill differs from the voiced alveolar trill only by the vibrations of the vocal cord.

See Welsh language and Voiceless alveolar trill

Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives

The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.

See Welsh language and Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives

Volcae

The Volcae were a Gallic tribal confederation constituted before the raid of combined Gauls that invaded Macedonia c. 270 BC and fought the assembled Greeks at the Battle of Thermopylae in 279 BC.

See Welsh language and Volcae

Vowel

A vowel is a syllabic speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.

See Welsh language and Vowel

Vowel length

In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration.

See Welsh language and Vowel length

Voyager Golden Record

The Voyager Golden Records are two identical phonograph records which were included aboard the two Voyager spacecraft launched in 1977.

See Welsh language and Voyager Golden Record

Voyager program

The Voyager program is an American scientific program that employs two interstellar probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2.

See Welsh language and Voyager program

Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and Wales

Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (lit,; Old Romanian: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рꙋмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia).

See Welsh language and Wallachia

Walloons

Walloons (Wallons; Walons) are a Gallo-Romance ethnic group native to Wallonia and the immediate adjacent regions of Flanders, France, Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

See Welsh language and Walloons

Welsh Braille

Welsh Braille is the braille alphabet of the Welsh language.

See Welsh language and Welsh Braille

Welsh Government

The Welsh Government (Llywodraeth Cymru) is the devolved government of Wales.

See Welsh language and Welsh Government

Welsh Grand Committee

The Welsh Grand Committee (Uwch Bwyllgor Cymreig), is a committee of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and Welsh Grand Committee

Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889

The Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict. c. 40) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889

Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh language and Welsh language are Fusional languages, languages attested from the 6th century, languages of Argentina, languages of Wales, languages of the United Kingdom, verb–subject–object languages, Vulnerable languages and western Brittonic languages.

See Welsh language and Welsh language

Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011

The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 (Mesur y Gymraeg (Cymru) 2011) is an act of the National Assembly for Wales that established several provisions with regard to Welsh as an official language of Wales.

See Welsh language and Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011

Welsh Language Act 1993

The Welsh Language Act 1993 (c. 38) (Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1993) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which put the Welsh language on an equal footing with the English language in Wales.

See Welsh language and Welsh Language Act 1993

Welsh Language Board

The Welsh Language Board (Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg) was a statutory body set up by Her Majesty's Government under the Welsh Language Act 1993.

See Welsh language and Welsh Language Board

Welsh Language Commissioner

The Welsh Language Commissioner is a Welsh Government officer, overseeing an independent advisory body of the same name.

See Welsh language and Welsh Language Commissioner

Welsh Language Society

The Welsh Language Society (Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, also often abbreviated to Cymdeithas yr Iaith or just Cymdeithas in English) is a direct action pressure group in Wales campaigning for the right of Welsh people to use the Welsh language in every aspect of their lives.

See Welsh language and Welsh Language Society

Welsh law

Welsh law (Cyfraith Cymru) is an autonomous part of the English law system composed of legislation made by the Senedd.

See Welsh language and Welsh law

Welsh morphology

Welsh morphology may refer to.

See Welsh language and Welsh morphology

Welsh nationalism

Welsh nationalism (Cenedlaetholdeb Cymreig) emphasises and celebrates the distinctiveness of Welsh culture and Wales as a nation or country.

See Welsh language and Welsh nationalism

Welsh Not

The Welsh Not was a token used by teachers at some schools in Wales in the 19th century and early 20th century to discourage children from speaking Welsh at school, by marking out those who were heard speaking the language.

See Welsh language and Welsh Not

Welsh orthography

Welsh orthography uses 29 letters (including eight digraphs) of the Latin script to write native Welsh words as well as established loanwords.

See Welsh language and Welsh orthography

Welsh people

The Welsh (Cymry) are an ethnic group native to Wales.

See Welsh language and Welsh people

Welsh toponymy

The place-names of Wales derive in most cases from the Welsh language, but have also been influenced by linguistic contact with the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, Anglo-Normans and modern English. Welsh language and Welsh toponymy are languages of Wales.

See Welsh language and Welsh toponymy

Welsh Tract

The Welsh Tract, also called the Welsh Barony, was a portion of the Province of Pennsylvania, a British colony in North America (today a U.S. state), settled largely by Welsh-speaking Quakers in the late 17th century.

See Welsh language and Welsh Tract

Welsh-language literature

Welsh-language literature (Llenyddiaeth Gymraeg) has been produced continuously since the emergence of Welsh from Brythonic as a distinct language in around the 5th century AD.

See Welsh language and Welsh-language literature

Welsh-medium education

Welsh-medium education is a form of education in Wales in which pupils are taught primarily through the medium of Welsh.

See Welsh language and Welsh-medium education

Wessex

The Kingdom of the West Saxons, also known as the Kingdom of Wessex, was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the south of Great Britain, from around 519 until Alfred the Great declared himself as King of the Anglo-Saxons in 886.

See Welsh language and Wessex

Western Brittonic languages

Western Brittonic languages (Brythoneg Gorllewinol) comprise two dialects into which Common Brittonic split during the Early Middle Ages; its counterpart was the ancestor of the Southwestern Brittonic languages. Welsh language and Western Brittonic languages are languages attested from the 6th century and languages of Wales.

See Welsh language and Western Brittonic languages

Western Roman Empire

In modern historiography, the Western Roman Empire was the western provinces of the Roman Empire, collectively, during any period in which they were administered separately from the eastern provinces by a separate, independent imperial court.

See Welsh language and Western Roman Empire

William Morgan (Bible translator)

William Morgan (1545 – 10 September 1604) was a Welsh Bishop of Llandaff and of St Asaph, and the translator of the first version of the whole Bible into Welsh from Greek and Hebrew.

See Welsh language and William Morgan (Bible translator)

William Salesbury

William Salesbury, also Salusbury, (c. 1520 – c. 1584) was the leading Welsh scholar of the Renaissance and the principal translator of the 1567 Welsh New Testament.

See Welsh language and William Salesbury

Windows XP

Windows XP is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system.

See Welsh language and Windows XP

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Welsh language and World War II

Y Byd

Y Byd (The World) was an attempt to launch the first Welsh language daily newspaper.

See Welsh language and Y Byd

Y Cymro

Y Cymro ('The Welshman') is a Welsh-language newspaper, which was first published in 1932.

See Welsh language and Y Cymro

Y Wladfa

Y Wladfa ('The Colony'), also occasionally Y Wladychfa Gymreig ('The Welsh Settlement'), refers to the establishment of settlements by Welsh colonists and immigrants in the Argentine Patagonia, beginning in 1865, mainly along the coast of the lower Chubut Valley.

See Welsh language and Y Wladfa

Ysgol Glan Clwyd

Ysgol Glan Clwyd (or Ysgol Uwchradd Glan Clwyd) is a Welsh medium secondary school, and was the first of its kind.

See Welsh language and Ysgol Glan Clwyd

Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth

Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth is a Welsh language primary school in the university town of Aberystwyth in Ceredigion, Wales.

See Welsh language and Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth

Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen

Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen is a bilingual comprehensive secondary school for pupils aged 11–18.

See Welsh language and Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen

1921 United Kingdom census

The United Kingdom Census 1921 was a census of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that was carried out on 19 June 1921.

See Welsh language and 1921 United Kingdom census

1991 United Kingdom census

A nationwide census, commonly known as Census 1991, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 21 April 1991.

See Welsh language and 1991 United Kingdom census

2001 United Kingdom census

A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001.

See Welsh language and 2001 United Kingdom census

2011 Canadian census

The 2011 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population on May 10, 2011.

See Welsh language and 2011 Canadian census

2011 United Kingdom census

A census of the population of the United Kingdom is taken every ten years.

See Welsh language and 2011 United Kingdom census

2016 Australian census

The 2016 Australian census was the 17th national population census held in Australia.

See Welsh language and 2016 Australian census

2018 New Zealand census

The 2018 New Zealand census was the thirty-fourth national census in New Zealand, which took place on Tuesday 6 March 2018.

See Welsh language and 2018 New Zealand census

2021 Canadian census

The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021.

See Welsh language and 2021 Canadian census

2021 United Kingdom census

The 2021 United Kingdom census is the 23rd official census of the United Kingdom.

See Welsh language and 2021 United Kingdom census

9th century

The 9th century was a period from 801 (represented by the Roman numerals DCCCI) through 900 (CM) in accordance with the Julian calendar.

See Welsh language and 9th century

See also

Fusional languages

• American Sign Language
• Amharic
• Arabic
• Caribbean Hindustani
• Danish language
• English language
• French language
• Fusional language
• German language
• Greek language
• Hausa language
• Hebrew language
• Hindi
• Interlingua
• Irish language
• Italian language
• Ithkuil
• Khalsa bole
• Latin
• Mandaic language
• Navajo language
• Nepali language
• Norwegian language
• Pashto
• Pennsylvania Dutch language
• Portuguese language
• Punjabi language
• Romance languages
• Scottish Gaelic
• Semitic languages
• Sindarin
• Sinhala language
• Skolt Sámi
• Slavic languages
• Spanish language
• Standard German
• Suret language
• Tigrinya language
• Urdu
• Venedic language
• Welsh language

Languages attested from the 6th century

• Abahattha
• Apabhraṃśa
• Caucasian Albanian language
• Common Romanian
• Cumbric
• Hiberno-Latin
• Neo-Brittonic
• Old Dutch
• Telugu language
• Tocharian languages
• Welsh language
• West Country English
• Western Brittonic languages

Languages of Wales

• Abercraf English
• Anglo-Norman language
• British Sign Language
• Cardiff English
• Languages of Wales
• Port Talbot English
• Welsh English
• Welsh Romani language
• Welsh language
• Welsh toponymy
• Western Brittonic languages

Languages of the United Kingdom

• Angloromani language
• Anguillian Creole
• Arran Gaelic
• Bermudian English
• British English
• British Sign Language
• British slang
• Brummie dialect
• Cayman Islands English
• Cornish language
• Cumbric
• Deeside Gaelic
• Dialect levelling in Britain
• East Midlands English
• English language
• Falkland Islands English
• Galwegian Gaelic
• Geordie
• Gibraltarian English
• Gujarati language
• Janner
• Language education in the United Kingdom
• Languages of England
• Languages of Northern Ireland
• Languages of Scotland
• Languages of Wales
• Languages of the United Kingdom
• Llanito
• Mackem
• Manx language
• Norman language
• Northumbrian dialect
• Pitkern
• Punjabi language writers in the United Kingdom
• Romani language
• Scots language
• Scottish Gaelic
• Scouse
• Survey of Anglo-Welsh Dialects
• Survey of English Dialects
• Turks and Caicos Creole
• Welsh Romani language
• Welsh language
• West Country English
• Yan tan tethera
• Yola dialect

Western Brittonic languages

• Cumbric
• Welsh language
• Western Brittonic languages

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language

Also known as CYMRAEG, Cymric language, Gymraeg, ISO 639-1:cy, ISO 639:cy, ISO 639:cym, ISO 639:wel, Number of Welsh speakers, Preservation of Welsh, Preservation of the Welsh language, Revitalisation of Welsh, Revitalisation of the Welsh language, Revitalization of Welsh, Revitalization of the Welsh language, Revival of Welsh, Revival of the Welsh language, Status of Welsh, Status of the Welsh language, Welch language, Welsh (language), Welsh Second Language, Welsh dialects, Welsh language preservation, Welsh language revitalisation, Welsh language revitalization, Welsh language revival, Welsh language speakers, Welsh lingo, Welsh speaker, Welsh speakers, Welsh speaking people, Welsh speaking percentage, Welsh speaking population, Welsh speaking proportion, Welsh-language, Welsh-speaking, Welsh-speaking population, Y Gymraeg.

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