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William Petty

Index William Petty

Sir William Petty FRS (Romsey, 26 May 1623 – 16 December 1687) was an English economist, physician, scientist and philosopher. [1]

115 relations: Adam Smith, Aggregate demand, Amsterdam, Aristotle, Barter, Bernard Mandeville, Brasenose College, Oxford, Caen, Charles II of England, Classical economics, Commonwealth of England, Consumption tax, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Das Kapital, David Ricardo, Division of labour, Double Writing (Petty), Down Survey, Earl of Shelburne, Economic history, Economic statistics, Elizabeth Petty, Baroness Shelburne, English trust law, Equal opportunity, Equity (economics), Estimation theory, Extrapolation, Fenton baronets, Fiscal policy, Forbearance, Forgery, Francis Bacon, Full employment, Greek language, Gresham Professor of Music, Gross domestic product, Guy Routh, Hardress Waller, Henry George, Henry Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne, Holland, Interest rate, Internet Archive, James II of England, John Closterman, John Graunt, John Locke, John Maynard Keynes, John Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne, ..., John Smith (engraver), Josiah Child, Karl Marx, Kenmare, Labor theory of value, Laissez-faire, Latin, Level of measurement, Liberty, Marin Mersenne, Marquess of Lansdowne, Marx's theory of alienation, Measures of national income and output, Mercantilism, Mezzotint, Monetary economics, Money, Money supply, National Portrait Gallery, London, Normandy, Oliver Cromwell, Oxford Philosophical Club, Parliament of England, Physiocracy, Pierre Gassendi, Political economy, Political philosophy, Poll tax, Porto, Proceedings between Sankey and Petty, Productivity, Profit (economics), Prosperity, Quantity theory of money, René Descartes, Restoration (England), Richard Cantillon, Robert Boyle, Romsey, Romsey Abbey, Royal Dublin Society, Royal Society, Salisbury Plain, Samuel Hartlib, Samuel Pepys, Society of Jesus, Statistics, Stonehenge, Surplus labour, Taxable income, Terence Wilmot Hutchison, The Advice to Hartlib, The Wealth of Nations, Thomas Clayton (MP), Thomas FitzMaurice, 1st Earl of Kerry, Thomas Hobbes, Thomas Mun, Thomas Robert Malthus, University of Oxford, Usury, Velocity of money, Vernon Louis Parrington, West Looe (UK Parliament constituency), William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne, 17th-century philosophy. Expand index (65 more) »

Adam Smith

Adam Smith (16 June 1723 NS (5 June 1723 OS) – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist, philosopher and author as well as a moral philosopher, a pioneer of political economy and a key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment era.

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Aggregate demand

In macroeconomics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Netherlands.

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.

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Barter

In trade, barter is a system of exchange where participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money.

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Bernard Mandeville

Bernard Mandeville, or Bernard de Mandeville (15 November 1670 – 21 January 1733), was an Anglo-Dutch philosopher, political economist and satirist.

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Brasenose College, Oxford

Brasenose College (BNC), officially The King's Hall and College of Brasenose, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom.

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Caen

Caen (Norman: Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France.

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Charles II of England

Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland and Ireland.

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Classical economics

Classical economics or classical political economy (also known as liberal economics) is a school of thought in economics that flourished, primarily in Britain, in the late 18th and early-to-mid 19th century.

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Commonwealth of England

The Commonwealth was the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, was ruled as a republic following the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. The republic's existence was declared through "An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth", adopted by the Rump Parliament on 19 May 1649.

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Consumption tax

A consumption tax is a tax levied on consumption spending on goods and services.

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Cromwellian conquest of Ireland

The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland or Cromwellian war in Ireland (1649–53) refers to the conquest of Ireland by the forces of the English Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

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Das Kapital

Das Kapital, also known as Capital.

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David Ricardo

David Ricardo (18 April 1772 – 11 September 1823) was a British political economist, one of the most influential of the classical economists along with Thomas Malthus, Adam Smith and James Mill.

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Division of labour

The division of labour is the separation of tasks in any system so that participants may specialize.

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Double Writing (Petty)

A Declaration Concerning the newly invented Art of Double Writing was a pamphlet of 6 leaves, written by Sir William Petty (1623-1687) and first published in 1648.

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Down Survey

The Down Survey was a cadastral survey of Ireland carried out by William Petty, English scientist in 1655 and 1656.

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Earl of Shelburne

Earl of Shelburne is a title that has been created two times while the title of Baron Shelburne has been created three times.

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Economic history

Economic history is the study of economies or economic phenomena of the past.

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Economic statistics

Economic statistics is a topic in applied statistics that concerns the collection, processing, compilation, dissemination, and analysis of economic data.

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Elizabeth Petty, Baroness Shelburne

Elizabeth Waller, Baroness Shelburne (–February 1708) was an Anglo-Irish peer.

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English trust law

English trust law concerns the creation and protection of asset funds, which are usually held by one party for another's benefit.

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Equal opportunity

Equal opportunity arises from the similar treatment of all people, unhampered by artificial barriers or prejudices or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified.

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Equity (economics)

Equity or economic equality is the concept or idea of fairness in economics, particularly in regard to taxation or welfare economics.

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Estimation theory

Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.

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Extrapolation

In mathematics, extrapolation is the process of estimating, beyond the original observation range, the value of a variable on the basis of its relationship with another variable.

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Fenton baronets

The Fenton Baronetcy, of Mitchelstown in the County of Cork, was a title in the Baronetage of Ireland.

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Fiscal policy

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (mainly taxes) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.

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Forbearance

In the context of a mortgage process, forbearance is a special agreement between the lender and the borrower to delay a foreclosure.

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Forgery

Forgery is the process of making, adapting, or imitating objects, statistics, or documents with the intent to deceive for the sake of altering the public perception, or to earn profit by selling the forged item.

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Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, (22 January 15619 April 1626) was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author.

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Full employment

Full employment means that everyone who wants a job have all the hours of work they need on "fair wages".

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Gresham Professor of Music

The Professor of Music at Gresham College, London, gives free educational lectures to the general public.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Guy Routh

Guy Routh (1916–1993) was an economist whose academic career was spent largely at the University of Sussex, United Kingdom.

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Hardress Waller

Sir Hardress Waller (1666; also spelled HardresseNamed as Sir Hardresse Waller in the), cousin of Sir William Waller, was an English parliamentarian of note who was condemned to death for his part in the regicide of Charles I. His life was spared owing to the efforts of his friends and instead condemned to life imprisonment.

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Henry George

Henry George (September 2, 1839 – October 29, 1897) was an American political economist and journalist.

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Henry Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne

Henry Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne PC (I) (22 October 1675 – 17 April 1751) was an Anglo-Irish peer and politician.

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Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne

Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne, (2 July 1780 – 31 January 1863), known as Lord Henry Petty from 1784 to 1809, was a British statesman.

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Holland

Holland is a region and former province on the western coast of the Netherlands.

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Interest rate

An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited or borrowed (called the principal sum).

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.

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James II of England

James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701An assertion found in many sources that James II died 6 September 1701 (17 September 1701 New Style) may result from a miscalculation done by an author of anonymous "An Exact Account of the Sickness and Death of the Late King James II, as also of the Proceedings at St. Germains thereupon, 1701, in a letter from an English gentleman in France to his friend in London" (Somers Tracts, ed. 1809–1815, XI, pp. 339–342). The account reads: "And on Friday the 17th instant, about three in the afternoon, the king died, the day he always fasted in memory of our blessed Saviour's passion, the day he ever desired to die on, and the ninth hour, according to the Jewish account, when our Saviour was crucified." As 17 September 1701 New Style falls on a Saturday and the author insists that James died on Friday, "the day he ever desired to die on", an inevitable conclusion is that the author miscalculated the date, which later made it to various reference works. See "English Historical Documents 1660–1714", ed. by Andrew Browning (London and New York: Routledge, 2001), 136–138.) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

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John Closterman

John Closterman (also spelled Cloosterman, Klosterman; 1660 – 24 May 1711 (buried)), was a Westphalian portrait painter of the late 17th and early 18th centuries.

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John Graunt

John Graunt (24 April 1620 – 18 April 1674) was one of the first demographers, though by profession he was a haberdasher.

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John Locke

John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism".

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John Maynard Keynes

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes (5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was a British economist whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments.

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John Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne

John Petty, 1st Earl of Shelburne PC (Ire) (1706 – 14 May 1761), known as John FitzMaurice until 1751 and as The Viscount FitzMaurice between 1751 and 1753, was an Anglo-Irish peer and politician.

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John Smith (engraver)

John Smith (c. 1652 – c. 1742) was an English mezzotint engraver.

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Josiah Child

Sir Josiah Child, 1st Baronet,, (c.1630/31 – 22 June 1699) was an English merchant and politician.

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Karl Marx

Karl MarxThe name "Karl Heinrich Marx", used in various lexicons, is based on an error.

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Kenmare

Kenmare is a small town (population 2175 – CSO 2011) in the south of County Kerry, Ireland.

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Labor theory of value

The labor theory of value (LTV) is a theory of value that argues that the economic value of a good or service is determined by the total amount of "socially necessary labor" required to produce it, rather than by the use or pleasure its owner gets from it (demand) and its scarcity value (supply).

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Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire (from) is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs and subsidies.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Level of measurement

Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables.

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Liberty

Liberty, in politics, consists of the social, political, and economic freedoms to which all community members are entitled.

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Marin Mersenne

Marin Mersenne, Marin Mersennus or le Père Mersenne (8 September 1588 – 1 September 1648) was a French polymath, whose works touched a wide variety of fields.

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Marquess of Lansdowne

Marquess of Lansdowne is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain created in 1784, and held by the head of the Petty-FitzMaurice family.

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Marx's theory of alienation

Karl Marx's theory of alienation describes the estrangement (Entfremdung) of people from aspects of their Gattungswesen ("species-essence") as a consequence of living in a society of stratified social classes.

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Measures of national income and output

A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income also called as NNI at factor cost (NNI* adjusted for natural resource depletion).

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Mercantilism

Mercantilism is a national economic policy designed to maximize the trade of a nation and, historically, to maximize the accumulation of gold and silver (as well as crops).

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Mezzotint

Mezzotint is a printmaking process of the intaglio family, technically a drypoint method.

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Monetary economics

Monetary economics is a branch of economics that provides a framework for analyzing money in its functions as a medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account.

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Money

Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.

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Money supply

In economics, the money supply (or money stock) is the total value of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time.

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National Portrait Gallery, London

The National Portrait Gallery (NPG) is an art gallery in London housing a collection of portraits of historically important and famous British people.

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Normandy

Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.

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Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English military and political leader.

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Oxford Philosophical Club

The Oxford Philosophical Club refers to a group of natural philosophers, mathematicians, physicians, virtuosi and dilettanti gathering around John Wilkins FRS (1614–1672) at Oxford in the period 1649 to 1660.

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Parliament of England

The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England, existing from the early 13th century until 1707, when it became the Parliament of Great Britain after the political union of England and Scotland created the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Physiocracy

Physiocracy (from the Greek for "government of nature") is an economic theory developed by a group of 18th century Enlightenment French economists who believed that the wealth of nations was derived solely from the value of "land agriculture" or "land development" and that agricultural products should be highly priced.

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Pierre Gassendi

Pierre Gassendi (also Pierre Gassend, Petrus Gassendi; 22 January 1592 – 24 October 1655) was a French philosopher, priest, astronomer, and mathematician.

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Political economy

Political economy is the study of production and trade and their relations with law, custom and government; and with the distribution of national income and wealth.

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Political philosophy

Political philosophy, or political theory, is the study of topics such as politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of laws by authority: what they are, why (or even if) they are needed, what, if anything, makes a government legitimate, what rights and freedoms it should protect and why, what form it should take and why, what the law is, and what duties citizens owe to a legitimate government, if any, and when it may be legitimately overthrown, if ever.

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Poll tax

A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual.

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Porto

Porto (also known as Oporto in English) is the second-largest city in Portugal after Lisbon and one of the major urban areas of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Proceedings between Sankey and Petty

The Proceedings between Sankey and Petty is a pamphlet that contains a summary of the controversy that arose between Sir Hierom Sankey and Sir William Petty in the aftermath of the Down Survey.

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Productivity

Productivity describes various measures of the efficiency of production.

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Profit (economics)

In economics, profit in the accounting sense of the excess of revenue over cost is the sum of two components: normal profit and economic profit.

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Prosperity

Prosperity is the state of flourishing, thriving, good fortune or successful social status.

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Quantity theory of money

In monetary economics, the quantity theory of money (QTM) states that the general price level of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of money in circulation, or money supply.

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René Descartes

René Descartes (Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.

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Restoration (England)

The Restoration of the English monarchy took place in the Stuart period.

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Richard Cantillon

Richard Cantillon (1680s –) was an Irish-French economist and author of Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général (Essay on the Nature of Trade in General), a book considered by William Stanley Jevons to be the "cradle of political economy".

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Robert Boyle

Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor.

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Romsey

Romsey is a market town in the county of Hampshire, England.

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Romsey Abbey

Romsey Abbey is a parish church of the Church of England in Romsey, a market town in Hampshire, England.

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Royal Dublin Society

The Royal Dublin Society (RDS) is the name given in 1820 to a philanthropic organisation which was founded as the 'Dublin Society' on 25 June 1731 to see Ireland thrive culturally and economically. The RDS is synonymous with its campus in Ballsbridge in Dublin, Ireland. This campus includes the "RDS Arena", "RDS Simmonscourt", "RDS Main Hall" and other venues which are used regularly for exhibitions, concerts and sporting events, including regular use by the Leinster Rugby team.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Salisbury Plain

Salisbury Plain is a chalk plateau in the south western part of central southern England covering.

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Samuel Hartlib

Samuel Hartlib or Hartlieb (c. 1600 – 10 March 1662) was a German-British polymath.

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Samuel Pepys

Samuel Pepys (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703) was an administrator of the navy of England and Member of Parliament who is most famous for the diary he kept for a decade while still a relatively young man.

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Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.

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Statistics

Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

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Stonehenge

Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, west of Amesbury.

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Surplus labour

Surplus labour (German: Mehrarbeit) is a concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy.

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Taxable income

Taxable income refers to the base upon which an income tax system imposes tax.

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Terence Wilmot Hutchison

Terence Wilmot Hutchison FBA (August 13, 1912 – October 6, 2007) was an economist.

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The Advice to Hartlib

The Advice to Hartlib was a treatise on education, written by Sir William Petty (1623–1687) in 1647According to Petty's own list of his writings, it was written in 1647.

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The Wealth of Nations

An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith.

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Thomas Clayton (MP)

Sir Thomas Clayton (c 1612 – 4 October 1693) was an English doctor, academic and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1660.

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Thomas FitzMaurice, 1st Earl of Kerry

Thomas FitzMaurice, 1st Earl of Kerry PC (Ire) (1668 – 16 March 1741) was an Irish peer and politician.

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Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes (5 April 1588 – 4 December 1679), in some older texts Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury, was an English philosopher who is considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy.

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Thomas Mun

Sir Thomas Mun (17 June 157121 July 1641) was an English writer on economics and is often referred to as the last of the early mercantilists.

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Thomas Robert Malthus

Thomas Robert Malthus (13 February 1766 – 23 December 1834) was an English cleric and scholar, influential in the fields of political economy and demography.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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Usury

Usury is, as defined today, the practice of making unethical or immoral monetary loans that unfairly enrich the lender.

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Velocity of money

Similar chart showing the velocity of a broader measure of money that covers M2 plus large institutional deposits, M3. The US no longer publishes official M3 measures, so the chart only runs through 2005. The term "velocity of money" (also "The velocity of circulation of money") refers to how fast money passes from one holder to the next.

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Vernon Louis Parrington

Vernon Louis Parrington (August 3, 1871 – June 16, 1929) was an American literary historian and scholar.

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West Looe (UK Parliament constituency)

West Looe, often spelt Westlow or alternative Westlowe, was a rotten borough represented in the House of Commons of England from 1535 to 1707, in the House of Commons of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, and in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832.

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William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne

William Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne, (2 May 1737 – 7 May 1805), known as The Earl of Shelburne between 1761 and 1784, by which title he is generally known to history, was an Irish-born British Whig statesman who was the first Home Secretary in 1782 and then Prime Minister in 1782–83 during the final months of the American War of Independence.

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17th-century philosophy

17th century philosophy in the West is generally regarded as seeing the start of modern philosophy, and the shaking off of the medieval approach, especially scholasticism.

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Redirects here:

Petty, William, Sir William Petty, W. Petty.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Petty

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