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Winds in the Age of Sail

Index Winds in the Age of Sail

The captain of a steam ship naturally chooses the shortest route to his destination. [1]

76 relations: Afonso de Albuquerque, Age of Discovery, Age of Sail, Agulhas Current, Algoa Bay, Andrés de Urdaneta, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Azores, Bartolomeu Dias, Benguela Current, Brazil Current, Brouwer Route, Cabotage, Canary Current, Canary Islands, Cape Cross, Cape Horn, Cape of Good Hope, Cape Palmas, Cape Town, Cape Verde, Caribbean Sea, Clipper route, Congo River, Diogo Cão, Doldrums, Dutch Brazil, Exploration of the Pacific, Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Ferdinand Magellan, Florida Current, Goa, Gold Coast (region), Guanches, Guangzhou, Guinea Current, Gulf Stream, Hendrik Brouwer, Humboldt Current, Iberian Union, Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, Jean de Béthencourt, Juan Ponce de León, Kota Tua Jakarta, Kuroshio Current, Lancelotto Malocello, Lee shore, Lopes Gonçalves, Madeira, Malacca, ..., Malindi, Maluku Islands, Manila galleon, Mossel Bay, Navigation, Orange River, Pedro Álvares Cabral, Persian Gulf, Piloting (navigation), Polynesians, Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories, Prevailing winds, Red Sea, Roaring Forties, Spanish treasure fleet, Strait of Magellan, Strait of Malacca, Sunda Strait, Tacking (sailing), Trade winds, Treaty of Alcáçovas, Trinidad (ship), Vasco da Gama, Volta do mar, Westerlies, Willem Schouten. Expand index (26 more) »

Afonso de Albuquerque

Afonso de Albuquerque, Duke of Goa (1453 – 16 December 1515) (also spelled Aphonso or Alfonso), was a Portuguese general, a "great conqueror",, Vol.

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Age of Discovery

The Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration (approximately from the beginning of the 15th century until the end of the 18th century) is an informal and loosely defined term for the period in European history in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and was the beginning of globalization.

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Age of Sail

The Age of Sail (usually dated as 1571–1862) was a period roughly corresponding to the early modern period in which international trade and naval warfare were dominated by sailing ships, lasting from the 16th to the mid-19th century.

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Agulhas Current

The Agulhas Current is the western boundary current of the southwest Indian Ocean.

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Algoa Bay

Algoa Bay is a bay in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

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Andrés de Urdaneta

Friar Andrés de Urdaneta, OSA, (November 30, 1498 – June 3, 1568) was a Spanish Basque circumnavigator, explorer and Augustinian friar.

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Antarctic Circumpolar Current

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is an ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica.

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Azores

The Azores (or; Açores), officially the Autonomous Region of the Azores (Região Autónoma dos Açores), is one of the two autonomous regions of Portugal.

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Bartolomeu Dias

Bartolomeu Dias (Anglicized: Bartholomew Diaz; c. 1450 – 29 May 1500), a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer.

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Benguela Current

The Benguela Current is the broad, northward flowing ocean current that forms the eastern portion of the South Atlantic Ocean gyre.

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Brazil Current

The Brazil Current is a warm water current that flows south along the Brazilian south coast to the mouth of the Río de la Plata.

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Brouwer Route

The Brouwer Route was a 17th-century route that was discovered and used by ships sailing from the African Cape of Good Hope to the Dutch East Indies base of Java, as the eastern leg of the Cape Route.

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Cabotage

Cabotage is the transport of goods or passengers between two places in the same country by a transport operator from another country.

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Canary Current

The Canary Current is a wind-driven surface current that is part of the North Atlantic Gyre.

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Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) is a Spanish archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco at the closest point.

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Cape Cross

Cape Cross (Afrikaans: Kaap Kruis; German: Kreuzkap; Portuguese: Cabo da Cruz) is a small headland in the South Atlantic in Skeleton Coast, western Namibia, on the C34 highway some 60 kilometres north of Hentiesbaai and 120 km north of Swakopmund on the west coast of Namibia.

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Cape Horn

Cape Horn (Cabo de Hornos) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island.

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Cape of Good Hope

The Cape of Good Hope (Kaap die Goeie Hoop, Kaap de Goede Hoop, Cabo da Boa Esperança) is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.

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Cape Palmas

Cape Palmas is a headland on the extreme southeast end of the coast of Liberia, Africa, at the extreme southwest corner of the northern half of the continent.

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Cape Town

Cape Town (Kaapstad,; Xhosa: iKapa) is a coastal city in South Africa.

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Cape Verde

Cape Verde or Cabo Verde (Cabo Verde), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean.

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Caribbean Sea

The Caribbean Sea (Mar Caribe; Mer des Caraïbes; Caraïbische Zee) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.

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Clipper route

In sailing, the clipper route was the traditional route derived from the Brouwer Route and sailed by clipper ships between Europe and the Far East, Australia and New Zealand.

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Congo River

The Congo River (also spelled Kongo River and known as the Zaire River) is the second longest river in Africa after the Nile and the second largest river in the world by discharge volume of water (after the Amazon), and the world's deepest river with measured depths in excess of.

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Diogo Cão

Diogo Cão, anglicised as Diogo Cam and also known as Diego Cam, was a Portuguese explorer and one of the most notable navigators of the Age of Discovery.

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Doldrums

The doldrums is a colloquial expression derived from historical maritime usage, which refers to those parts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean affected by a low-pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm.

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Dutch Brazil

Dutch Brazil, also known as New Holland, was the northern portion of the Portuguese colony of Brazil, ruled by the Dutch during the Dutch colonization of the Americas between 1630 and 1654.

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Exploration of the Pacific

--> Polynesians reached nearly all the Pacific islands by about 1200 AD, followed by Asian navigation in Southeast Asia and West Pacific.

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Felipe Fernández-Armesto

Felipe Fernández-Armesto (born 1950) is a British historian and author of several popular works of history.

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Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan (or; Fernão de Magalhães,; Fernando de Magallanes,; c. 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.

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Florida Current

The Florida Current is a thermal ocean current that flows from the Straits of Florida around the Florida Peninsula and along the southeastern coast of the United States before joining the Gulf Stream Current near Cape Hatteras.

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Goa

Goa is a state in India within the coastal region known as the Konkan, in Western India.

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Gold Coast (region)

The Gold Coast was the name for a region on the Gulf of Guinea in West Africa which was rich in gold and also in petroleum, sweet crude oil and natural gas.

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Guanches

Guanches were the aboriginal inhabitants of the Canary Islands.

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Guangzhou

Guangzhou, also known as Canton, is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong.

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Guinea Current

The Guinea Current is a slow warm water current that flows to the east along the Guinea coast of West Africa.

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Gulf Stream

The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.

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Hendrik Brouwer

Hendrik Brouwer (1581 – August 7, 1643) was a Dutch explorer, admiral, and colonial administrator both in Japan and the Dutch East Indies.

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Humboldt Current

The Humboldt Current, also called the Peru Current, is a cold, low-salinity ocean current that flows north along the western coast of South America.

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Iberian Union

The Iberian Union was the dynastic union of the Crown of Portugal and the Spanish Crown between 1580 and 1640, bringing the entire Iberian Peninsula, as well as Spanish and Portuguese overseas possessions, under the Spanish Habsburg kings Philip II, Philip III and Philip IV of Spain.

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Jan Huyghen van Linschoten

Jan Huyghen van Linschoten (1563 – 8 February 1611) was a Dutch merchant, trader and historian.

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Jean de Béthencourt

Jean de Béthencourt (1362–1425) was a French explorer who in 1402 led an expedition to the Canary Islands, landing first on the north side of Lanzarote.

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Juan Ponce de León

Juan Ponce de León (1474 – July 1521) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador born in Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain in 1474.

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Kota Tua Jakarta

Kota Tua Jakarta ("Jakarta Old Town"), officially known as Kota Tua, is a neighborhood comprising the original downtown area of Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Kuroshio Current

The is a north-flowing ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean.

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Lancelotto Malocello

Lancelotto Malocello (Latin: Lanzarotus Marocelus; Lancelot Maloisel; fl. 1312) was a Genoese navigator, who gave his name to the island of Lanzarote, one of the Canary Islands.

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Lee shore

Lee shore, sometimes also called windward and ward shore, is a nautical term used to describe a stretch of shoreline that is to the lee side of a vessel — meaning the wind is blowing towards it.

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Lopes Gonçalves

Lopes Gonçalves or Lopo Gonçalves was a Portuguese explorer of the African coast.

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Madeira

Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago situated in the north Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Portugal.

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Malacca

Malacca (Melaka; மலாக்கா) dubbed "The Historic State", is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca.

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Malindi

Malindi (known as Melinde in antiquity) is a town on Malindi Bay at the mouth of the Galana River, lying on the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya.

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Maluku Islands

The Maluku Islands or the Moluccas are an archipelago within Banda Sea, Indonesia.

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Manila galleon

The Manila Galleons (Galeón de Manila; Kalakalang Galyon ng Maynila at Acapulco) were Spanish trading ships which for two and a half centuries linked the Philippines with Mexico across the Pacific Ocean, making one or two round-trip voyages per year between the ports of Acapulco and Manila, which were both part of New Spain.

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Mossel Bay

Mossel Bay is a harbour town of about 130,000 people on the Southern Cape (or Garden Route) of South Africa.

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Navigation

Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.

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Orange River

The Orange River (from Afrikaans/Dutch: Oranjerivier) is the longest river in South Africa and the Orange River Basin extends extensively into Namibia and Botswana to the north.

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Pedro Álvares Cabral

Pedro Álvares Cabral (or; c. 1467 or 1468 – c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the discoverer of Brazil.

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Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf (lit), (الخليج الفارسي) is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia.

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Piloting (navigation)

Piloting (on water) or pilotage (in the air also British English) or land navigation is navigating, using fixed points of reference on the sea or on land, usually with reference to a nautical chart, aeronautical chart or topographic map, to obtain a fix of the position of the vessel, aircraft or land traveler with respect to a desired course or location.

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Polynesians

The Polynesians are a subset of Austronesians native to the islands of Polynesia that speak the Polynesian languages, a branch of the Oceanic subfamily of the Austronesian language family.

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Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories

Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories relate to visits or interactions with the Americas and/or indigenous peoples of the Americas by people from Africa, Asia, Europe, or Oceania before Columbus's first voyage to the Caribbean in 1492.

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Prevailing winds

Prevailing winds are winds that blow predominantly from a single general direction over a particular point on the Earth's surface.

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Red Sea

The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.

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Roaring Forties

The Roaring Forties are strong westerly winds found in the Southern Hemisphere, generally between the latitudes of 40 and 50 degrees.

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Spanish treasure fleet

The Spanish treasure fleet, or West Indies Fleet from Spanish Flota de Indias, also called silver fleet or plate fleet (from the Spanish plata meaning "silver"), was a convoy system adopted by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790, linking Spain with its territories in America across the Atlantic.

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Strait of Magellan

The Strait of Magellan, also called the Straits of Magellan, is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south.

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Strait of Malacca

The Strait of Malacca (Selat Melaka, Selat Malaka; Jawi: سلت ملاک) or Straits of Malacca is a narrow, stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

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Sunda Strait

The Sunda Strait (Indonesian: Selat Sunda) is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra.

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Tacking (sailing)

Tacking or coming about is a sailing maneuver by which a sailing vessel, whose desired course is into the wind, turns its bow toward the wind so that the direction from which the wind blows changes from one side to the other, allowing progress in the desired direction.

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Trade winds

The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator.

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Treaty of Alcáçovas

The Treaty of Alcáçovas (also known as Treaty or Peace of Alcáçovas-Toledo) was signed on 4 September 1479 between the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon on one side and Afonso V and his son, Prince John of Portugal, on the other side.

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Trinidad (ship)

Trinidad was the flagship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage of circumnavigation.

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Vasco da Gama

Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira (c. 1460s – 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.

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Volta do mar

"Volta do mar", "volta do mar largo" or "volta do largo", (the phrase in Portuguese means literally turn of the sea but also return from the sea) is a navigational technique perfected by Portuguese navigators during the Age of Discovery in the late fifteenth century, using the dependable phenomenon of the great permanent wind circle, the North Atlantic Gyre.

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Westerlies

The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

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Willem Schouten

Willem Cornelisz Schouten (– 1625) was a Dutch navigator for the Dutch East India Company.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winds_in_the_Age_of_Sail

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