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Women in India

Index Women in India

The status of women in India has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia. [1]

328 relations: Abbakka Chowta, Acid throwing, ActionAid, Ahmadnagar Sultanate, Akbar, Akka Mahadevi, Al Jazeera English, Alimony, All India Women's Conference, Amrit Kaur, Anandi Gopal Joshi, Andhra Pradesh, Anna Chandy, Annie Besant, Apastamba Dharmasutra, Arab News, Architecture, Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent, Asian Games, Asima Chatterjee, Assam, Awadh, Bachendri Pal, BBC News, Begum Hazrat Mahal, Bethune College, Bihar, Bindi (decoration), Border Security Force, Brahma, Bride burning, Brill Publishers, British Empire, British Raj, Buddhism, Cambridge University Press, Caste system in India, Central Intelligence Agency, Centre for Equality and Inclusion, Chand Bibi, Chandramukhi Basu, Chela (Mughal army), Chhattisgarh, Child labour, Child marriage, Child Marriage Restraint Act, Chola dynasty, Christian, CNN, CNN-News18, ..., Constitution of India, Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013, Deccan Herald, Delhi, Development and Change, Dharmaśāstra, Dhondo Keshav Karve, Divorce in Islam, Doctor of Science, Doctrine of lapse, Domestic violence in India, Dowry, Dowry death, Eve teasing, Family, Family honor, Fathima Beevi, Female education, Feminism in India, First Nehru ministry, Food and Agriculture Organization, Forbes, Forced prostitution, G20, Gandharva marriage, Gargi Vachaknavi, Gender equality, Gender inequality in India, Gender pay gap in India, Ghoonghat, Gondi people, Government of India, Governor-general, Guardian Media Group, Gujarat, Guttmacher Institute, Harita, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Hindu, Hindu reform movements, Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856, History Compass, Honor killing, Human Rights Watch, Human trafficking, ICICI Bank, Imrana rape case, India, India Today, India Tribune, Indian Air Force, Indian Airlines, Indian Armed Forces, Indian Army, Indian Independence Act 1947, Indian National Congress, Indian Police Service, Indian Rebellion of 1857, Indira Gandhi, International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Izzat (honour), Jahangir, Jainism, Jammu and Kashmir, Jauhar, Jhansi, Jharkhand, Jijabai, John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune, Johns Hopkins University Press, Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History, Jyotirao Phule, Kadambini Ganguly, Kaisar-i-Hind Medal, Kali Yuga, Kalpana Morparia, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Kamaljeet Sandhu, Kannada, Kantor Berita Radio 68H, Karnataka, Kātyāyana, Kerala, Kerala High Court, Kiran Bedi, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, Kittur Chennamma, Kodassery, Kurta, Lakshmi, Lalita D. Gupte, Leader of the Opposition (India), Library of Congress Country Studies, List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, List of female Indian chief ministers, List of female Indian governors, List of Indian film actresses, List of Indian sportswomen, List of Indian women in dance, List of Indian women writers, List of Presidents of India, List of Prime Ministers of India, Literacy, Living Media, Lok Sabha, Lord William Bentinck, Lynching, Madhu Kishwar, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Mahatma Gandhi, Maitreyi, Maratha, Marital rape, Martial arts, Maternal death, Mathrubhumi, Mathura rape case, Medha Patkar, Medicine, Megacity, Meira Kumar, Menstrual taboo, Ministry of Home Affairs (India), Ministry of Women and Child Development, Mitali Madhumita, Mizoram, Modi ministry, Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum, Monogamy, Mother Teresa, Mount Everest, Mughal Empire, Mumbai, Muslim, Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, Namma Metro, Narmada Bachao Andolan, National Commission for Women, Nawabs of Bhopal, NDTV, Nobel Peace Prize, North India, NPR, Nur Jahan, Odisha, Oneindia, Pakistan, Pandita Ramabai, Pandyan dynasty, Parvati, Patanjali, Patrilineality, Peary Charan Sarkar, Polyandry in India, Polygyny, Pratibha Patil, President of India, Prime Minister of India, Princeton University Press, Priya Jhingan, Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, Punjab, India, Puranas, Purdah, Radha Kumar, Rajasthan, Rajput, Ram Mohan Roy, Ramakrishna, Ramakrishna Sarada Mission, Ramon Magsaysay Award, Rangoli, Rani Durgavati, Rani of Jhansi, Rape in India, Razia Sultana, Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History, Rediff.com, Reform movement, Renuka Chowdhury, Reservation in India, Reuters, Rigveda, Roop Kanwar, Routledge, Rukmini Devi Arundale, Ruth Vanita, Saraswati, Sari, Sarla Thakral, Sarojini Naidu, Sati (practice), Savitribai Phule, ScienceDirect, Sehba Hussain, Self Employed Women's Association, Sex ratio, Shalwar kameez, Sheila Sri Prakash, Shiva, Shivaji, Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad, Sify, Sikh, Sindoor, Sister Nivedita, Sky News, SNDT Women's University, Social issue, Social Scientist, Sonia Gandhi, South India, Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Springer Publishing, Sri Lanka, Sucheta Kriplani, Supreme Court of India, Surekha Yadav, Swami Vivekananda, Swayamvara, Taipei Times, Tarabai, Tata family, Taylor & Francis, Thanjavur, The Diplomat, The Economist, The Gazette of India, The Guardian, The Hindu, The History and Culture of the Indian People, The Hunger Project, The Indian Express, The Journal of Asian Studies, The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986, The New York Times, The Observer, The Telegraph (Calcutta), The Times, The Times of India, The Tribune (Chandigarh), Thomson Reuters Foundation, Triple talaq in India, Tripura, UN Women, UNICEF, Union Council of Ministers, Union territory, United Nations, United Nations General Assembly, United Press International, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, United States Agency for International Development, Upanishads, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Vedic period, Victim blaming, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Violence & Victims, Vishnu, Weddings in India, West Bengal, Western Uttar Pradesh, Wiley-Blackwell, Women in agriculture in India, Women in Hinduism, Women in Sikhism, Women of Aviation Worldwide Week, Women's History Review, Women's Reservation Bill, Women's rights, Women's rights are human rights, Women's Studies International Forum, Zenana. Expand index (278 more) »

Abbakka Chowta

Rani Abbakka Chowta was the first Tuluva Queen of Ullal who fought the Portuguese in the latter half of the 16th century.

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Acid throwing

Acid throwing, also called an acid attack, a vitriol attack or vitriolage, is a form of violent assault defined as the act of throwing acid or a similarly corrosive substance onto the body of another "with the intention to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill".

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ActionAid

ActionAid is an international non-governmental organization whose primary aim is to work against poverty and injustice worldwide.

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Ahmadnagar Sultanate

The Ahmadnagar Sultanate was a late medieval Indian kingdom, located in the northwestern Deccan, between the sultanates of Gujarat and Bijapur.

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Akbar

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.

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Akka Mahadevi

Akka Mahadevi (ಅಕ್ಕ ಮಹಾದೇವಿ) (c.1130-1160) was one of the early female poets of the Kannada language and a prominent personality in the Lingayat religion of the 12th century.

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Al Jazeera English

Al Jazeera English (AJE) is an international state-funded 24-hour English-language news and current affairs TV channel owned and operated by Al Jazeera Media Network, headquartered in Doha, Qatar.

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Alimony

Alimony (also called aliment (Scotland), maintenance (England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Wales, Canada), spousal support (U.S., Canada) and spouse maintenance (Australia)) is a legal obligation on a person to provide financial support to their spouse before or after marital separation or divorce.

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All India Women's Conference

The All India Women's Conference (AIWC) is a non-governmetal organisation (NGO) based in Delhi.

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Amrit Kaur

Rajkumari Amrit Kaur DStJ (2 February 1889 – 6 February 1964) was the first health minister of India and served for ten years in the capacity. She was an eminent Gandhian, a freedom fighter, and a social activist. Kaur was also a member of the Constituent Assembly, the body that framed the constitution of India.

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Anandi Gopal Joshi

Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi (31 March 1865 – 26 February 1887) was one of the earliest Indian female physicians.

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Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh is one of the 29 states of India.

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Anna Chandy

Justice Anna Chandy (1905-1996), also known as Anna Chandi, was the first female judge in India and also the first woman in India to become a high court judge.

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Annie Besant

Annie Besant, née Wood (1 October 1847 – 20 September 1933) was a British socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator and supporter of Irish and Indian self-rule.

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Apastamba Dharmasutra

Āpastamba Dharmasūtra is a Sanskrit text and one of the oldest Dharma-related texts of Hinduism that have survived into the modern age from the 1st-millennium BCE.

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Arab News

Arab News is an English-language daily newspaper published in Saudi Arabia.

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Architecture

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.

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Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent

Arranged marriage in the Indian subcontinent is a tradition in the societies of the Indian subcontinent, and continue to account for an overwhelming majority of marriages in the Indian subcontinent.

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Asian Games

The Asian Games, also known as Asiad, is a continental multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia.

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Asima Chatterjee

Asima Chatterjee (23 September 1917 – 22 November 2006) was an Indian organic chemist noted for her work in the fields of organic chemistry and phytomedicine.

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Assam

Assam is a state in Northeast India, situated south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.

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Awadh

Awadh (Hindi: अवध, اوَدھ),, known in British historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a region in the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (before independence known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh) and a small area of Nepal's Province No. 5.

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Bachendri Pal

Bachendri Pal' was biharn (born 24 May 1954) is an Indian mountaineer, who in 1984 became the first Indian woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Begum Hazrat Mahal

Begum Hazrat Mahal (بیگم حضرت محل)(c. 18207 April 1879), also called as Begum of Awadh, (Oudh) was the second wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah.

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Bethune College

Bethune College is a women's college located in Kolkata, India, and affiliated to the University of Calcutta.

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Bihar

Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India.

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Bindi (decoration)

A bindi (बिंदी, from Sanskrit bindu, meaning "point, drop, dot or small particle") is a colored dot worn on the centre of the forehead, commonly by Hindu and Jain women.

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Border Security Force

The Border Security Force (BSF) is the primary border guarding force of India.

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Brahma

Brahma (Sanskrit: ब्रह्मा, IAST: Brahmā) is a creator god in Hinduism.

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Bride burning

Bride burning or bride-burning is a form of domestic violence practiced in countries located on or around the Indian subcontinent.

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Brill Publishers

Brill (known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill Academic Publishers) is a Dutch international academic publisher founded in 1683 in Leiden, Netherlands.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Raj

The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Caste system in India

The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Centre for Equality and Inclusion

Centre for Equity and Inclusion (CEQUIN), alternatively spelled in the press as Center for Equity and Inclusion, is a non-governmental organisation based in India that works towards female empowerment and women's rights.

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Chand Bibi

Chand Bibi (1550–1599 CE), was an Indian Muslim regent and warrior.

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Chandramukhi Basu

Chandramukhi Basu (1860–1944), a Bengali Christian from Dehradun, which was located in the (then known as) United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, was one of the first two female graduates of the British Empire.

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Chela (Mughal army)

Chela were slave soldiers in the Mughal army.

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Chhattisgarh

Chhattisgarh (translation: Thirty-Six Forts) is one of the 29 states of India, located in the centre-east of the country.

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Child labour

Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.

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Child marriage

Child marriage is a formal marriage or informal union entered into by an individual before reaching a certain age, specified by several global organizations such as UNICEF as minors under the age of 18.

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Child Marriage Restraint Act

Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 passed on 28 September 1929 in the British India Legislature of India, fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years which was later amended to 18 for girls and 21 for boys.

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Chola dynasty

The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India.

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Christian

A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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CNN-News18

CNN-News18 (originally CNN-IBN) is an Indian English-language news television channel founded by Rajdeep Sardesai located in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

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Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.

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Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013

The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 (Nirbhaya Act) is an Indian legislation passed by the Lok Sabha on 19 March 2013, and by the Rajya Sabha on 21 March 2013, which provides for amendment of Indian Penal Code, Indian Evidence Act, and Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 on laws related to sexual offences.

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Deccan Herald

Deccan Herald (DH) is an English daily newspaper published from the Indian state of Karnataka by The Printers (Mysore) Private Limited.

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Delhi

Delhi (Dilli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.

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Development and Change

Development and Change is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Institute of Social Studies.

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Dharmaśāstra

Dharmaśāstra (धर्मशास्त्र) is a genre of Sanskrit texts, and refers to the treatises (shastras) of Hinduism on dharma.

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Dhondo Keshav Karve

Dhondo Keshav Karve was born at ‘Sheravali’; his ancestral home.

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Divorce in Islam

Divorce in Islam can take a variety of forms, some initiated by the husband and some initiated by the wife.

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Doctor of Science

Doctor of Science (Latin: Scientiae Doctor), usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D., or D.S., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world.

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Doctrine of lapse

The doctrine of lapse was an annexation policy applied by the Lord Dalhousie in India before 1858.

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Domestic violence in India

Domestic violence in India includes any form of violence suffered by a person from a biological relative, but typically is the violence suffered by a woman by male members of her family or relatives.

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Dowry

A dowry is a transfer of parental property, gifts or money at the marriage of a daughter.

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Dowry death

Dowry deaths are deaths of women who are murdered or driven to suicide by continuous harassment and torture by husbands and in-laws in an effort to extort an increased dowry.

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Eve teasing

Eve teasing is a euphemism used throughout South Asia, which includes (but is not limited to) India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal for public sexual harassment or sexual assault of women by men, the name "Eve" alluding to the very first woman, according to the Biblical creation story.

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Family

Every person has his/her own family.mother reproduces with husband for children.In the context of human society, a family (from familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage or other relationship), or co-residence (as implied by the etymology of the English word "family" from Latin familia 'family servants, domestics collectively, the servants in a household,' thus also 'members of a household, the estate, property; the household, including relatives and servants,' abstract noun formed from famulus 'servant, slave ') or some combination of these.

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Family honor

Family honor (or honour) is an abstract concept involving the perceived quality of worthiness and respectability that affects the social standing and the self-evaluation of a group of related people, both corporately and individually.

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Fathima Beevi

M.

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Female education

Female education is a catch-all term of a complex set of issues and debates surrounding education (primary education, secondary education, tertiary education, and health education in particular) for girls and women.

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Feminism in India

Feminism in India is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for Indian women.

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First Nehru ministry

After independence, on 15 August 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru assumed office as the first Prime Minister of India and chose fifteen ministers to form the First Nehru ministry.

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Food and Agriculture Organization

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger.

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Forbes

Forbes is an American business magazine.

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Forced prostitution

Forced prostitution, also known as involuntary prostitution, is prostitution or sexual slavery that takes place as a result of coercion by a third party.

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G20

The G20 (or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the governments and central bank governors from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.

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Gandharva marriage

A Gandharva Marriage (Sanskrit: गन्धर्व विवाह, pronounced gənd̪ʱərvə vɪvaːhə) is one of the eight classical types of Hindu marriage.

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Gargi Vachaknavi

Gargi Vachaknavi (born about c. 7th century BCE) was an ancient Indian philosopher.

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Gender equality

Gender equality, also known as sexual equality, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making; and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations and needs equally, regardless of gender.

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Gender inequality in India

Gender inequality in India refers to health, education, economic and political inequalities between men and women in India.

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Gender pay gap in India

Gender pay gap in India refers to the difference in earnings between women and men in the paid employment and labor market.

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Ghoonghat

A ghoonghat (ghunghat, ghunghta, ghumta, odhni, laaj, chunari, jhund) is a veil or headscarf worn by some married Hindu, Jain and Sikh women to cover their head, and often their face.

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Gondi people

The Gondi (Gōndi) or Gond people are Adivasi who speak Dravidian language, spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra (Vidarbha), Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Western Odisha.

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Government of India

The Government of India (IAST), often abbreviated as GoI, is the union government created by the constitution of India as the legislative, executive and judicial authority of the union of 29 states and seven union territories of a constitutionally democratic republic.

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Governor-general

Governor-general (plural governors-general) or governor general (plural governors general), in modern usage, is the title of an office-holder appointed to represent the monarch of a sovereign state in the governing of an independent realm.

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Guardian Media Group

Guardian Media Group plc (GMG) is a British mass media company owning various media operations including The Guardian and The Observer.

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Gujarat

Gujarat is a state in Western India and Northwest India with an area of, a coastline of – most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula – and a population in excess of 60 million.

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Guttmacher Institute

The Guttmacher Institute is a research and policy organization committed to advancing sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) in the United States and globally.

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Harita

Harita (also known as Harita, Haritsa and Haritasa) was an ancient prince of the Suryavansha dynasty, best known as the ancestor of the Kshatriya lineage, Harita gotra.

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Haryana

Haryana, carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1November 1966 on linguistic basis, is one of the 29 states in India.

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Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh (literally "snow-laden province") is a Indian state located in North India.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hindu reform movements

Several contemporary groups, collectively termed Hindu reform movements or Hindu revivalism, strive to introduce regeneration and reform to Hinduism, both in a religious or spiritual and in a societal sense.

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Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856

The Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856, also Act XV, 1856, enacted on 26 July 1856, legalised the remarriage of Hindu widows in all jurisdictions of India under East India Company rule.

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History Compass

History Compass is a peer-reviewed online-only academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell.

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Honor killing

An honor killing or shame killing is the murder of a member of a family, due to the perpetrators' belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family, or has violated the principles of a community or a religion, usually for reasons such as refusing to enter an arranged marriage, being in a relationship that is disapproved by their family, having sex outside marriage, becoming the victim of rape, dressing in ways which are deemed inappropriate, engaging in non-heterosexual relations or renouncing a faith.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Human trafficking

Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others.

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ICICI Bank

ICICI Bank (Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) is an Indian multinational bank and financial services company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, with its registered office in Vadodara.

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Imrana rape case

The Imrana rape case is the case of the sexual assault of a 28-year-old Indian Muslim woman by her father-in-law on 6 June 2005 in Charthawal village in the Muzaffarnagar district Uttar Pradesh, India (located 70 km from Delhi).

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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India Today

India Today is an Indian English-language fortnightly news magazine and news television channel.

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India Tribune

India Tribune is a Chicago-based weekly in newspaper format, covering community affairs of the Americans from Indian descent, as well as news from India.

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Indian Air Force

The Indian Air Force (IAF; IAST: Bhāratīya Vāyu Senā) is the air arm of the Indian armed forces.

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Indian Airlines

Indian Airlines, later Indian was a major Indian airline based in Delhi and focused primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighbouring countries in Asia.

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Indian Armed Forces

The Indian Armed Forces (Hindi (in IAST): Bhāratīya Saśastra Senāeṃ) are the military forces of the Republic of India.

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Indian Army

The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces.

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Indian Independence Act 1947

The Indian Independence Act 1947 (1947 c. 30 (10 & 11. Geo. 6.)) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan.

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Indian National Congress

The Indian National Congress (INC, often called Congress Party) is a broadly based political party in India.

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Indian Police Service

The Indian Police Service (Bhāratīya Pulis Sevā) or IPS, is an All India Service for policing.

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Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India between 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.

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Indira Gandhi

Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (née Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician, stateswoman and a central figure of the Indian National Congress.

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International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health

International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, formerly International Family Planning Perspectives, is a peer-reviewed research journal published by the Guttmacher Institute, covering research on contraception, fertility, adolescent pregnancy, sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted diseases, the policy and law on family planning and childbearing, related programmes and dissemination of information, reproductive, maternal and child health, and abortion.

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Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar CIE (26 September 1820 – 29 July 1891), born Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay (Ishshor Chôndro Bôndopaddhae; Bengali: ঈশ্বরচন্দ্র বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়), was a British Indian Bengali polymath and a key figure of the Bengal Renaissance.

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Izzat (honour)

Izzat (Hindi-Urdu: इज़्ज़त, عزت ইজ্জত) refers to the concept of honour prevalent in the culture of North India, Bangladesh and Pakistan.

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Jahangir

Mirza Nur-ud-din Beig Mohammad Khan Salim مرزا نور الدین محمد خان سلیم, known by his imperial name (جہانگیر) Jahangir (31 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), was the fourth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627.

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Jainism

Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.

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Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir (ænd) is a state in northern India, often denoted by its acronym, J&K.

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Jauhar

Jauhar, sometimes spelled Jowhar or Juhar, was the Hindu custom of mass self-immolation by women in parts of the Indian subcontinent, to avoid capture, enslavement and rape by any foreign invaders, when facing certain defeat during a war.

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Jhansi

Jhansi is a historic city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Jharkhand

Jharkhand (lit. "Bushland" or The land of forest) is a state in eastern India, carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000.

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Jijabai

Jijabai Shahaji Bhosale आदरणीय राजमाता जिजाबाई शहाजीराजे भोसले (12 January 1598 – 17 June 1674), sometimes referred to as Rajmata Jijabai or even simply Jijai, Jijau was the mother of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, founder of Maratha Empire.

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John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune

John Elliot Drinkwater Bethune (1801–1851), previously John Elliot Drinkwater, a barrister and law member of the Governor-General's Council, was an Anglo-Indian lawyer and a pioneer in promoting women's education in 19th-century India.

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Johns Hopkins University Press

The Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.

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Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History

The Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 2000 and devoted to research in the relatively new field of colonial studies.

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Jyotirao Phule

Jotirao Govindrao Phule (11 April 1827 – 28 November 1890) was an Indian social activist, a thinker, anti-caste social reformer and a writer from Maharashtra.

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Kadambini Ganguly

Kadambini Ganguly (কাদম্বিনী গাঙ্গুলি; 18 July 1861 – 3 October 1923) and Chandramukhi Basu were the first two female graduates from India, though from the entire British Empire.

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Kaisar-i-Hind Medal

The Kaisar-i-Hind Medal for Public Service in India was a medal awarded by the British monarch between 1900 and 1947, to "any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex...

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Kali Yuga

Kali Yuga (Devanāgarī: कलियुग, lit. "age of Kali") is the last of the four stages (or ages or yugas) the world goes through as part of a 'cycle of yugas' (i.e. Mahayuga) described in the Sanskrit scriptures.

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Kalpana Morparia

Kalpana Morparia is an Indian banker.

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Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay

Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay (3 April 1903 – 29 October 1988) was an Indian social reformer and freedom fighter.

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Kamaljeet Sandhu

Kamaljeet Sandhu is a former woman Indian athlete who won gold medal at 1970 Bangkok Asian Games in 400 m race.

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Kannada

Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Kannada people in India, mainly in the state of Karnataka, and by significant linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, Goa and abroad.

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Kantor Berita Radio 68H

KBR68H, Indonesia’s only independent national radio news agency, is a unique initiative to assist Indonesia’s transition to democracy by facilitating open and informed discussion among millions of people throughout the archipelago.

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Karnataka

Karnataka also known Kannada Nadu is a state in the south western region of India.

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Kātyāyana

Kātyāyana (कात्यायन) (c. 300 BC) was a Sanskrit grammarian, mathematician and Vedic priest who lived in ancient India.

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Kerala

Kerala is a state in South India on the Malabar Coast.

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Kerala High Court

The High Court of Kerala is the highest court in the Indian state of Kerala and in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep.

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Kiran Bedi

Kiran Bedi (born 9 June 1949) is a retired Indian Police Service officer, social activist, former tennis player and politician who is the current Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry.

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Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw

Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw (born 23 March 1953) is an Indian billionaire entrepreneur.

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Kittur Chennamma

Kittur Chennamma (23 October 177821 February 1829) was the Rani of Kittur, a former princely state in Karnataka.

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Kodassery

Kodassery is a village in Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.

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Kurta

A kurta (कुर्ता, কুর্তা, ਕੁੜਤਾ, کرتہ) is an upper garment for men and women, originating in the Indian subcontinent, with regional variations of form.

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Lakshmi

Lakshmi (Sanskrit: लक्ष्मी, IAST: lakṣmī) or Laxmi, is the Hindu goddess of wealth, fortune and prosperity.

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Lalita D. Gupte

Lalita D. Gupte, Joint Managing Director of ICICI Bank (India’s second largest commercial bank), until 31 October 2006, is an important figure in India’s banking and financial services sector.

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Leader of the Opposition (India)

The Leader of the Opposition is the politician who leads the official opposition in either House of the Parliament of India.

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Library of Congress Country Studies

The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.

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List of Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh

The Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (UP), a North Indian state, is the head of the Government of Uttar Pradesh.

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List of female Indian chief ministers

Sixteen women have served as the chief minister of an Indian state.

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List of female Indian governors

In India, a governor is the constitutional head of each of the twenty-nine states.

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List of Indian film actresses

This is an alphabetical list of notable female Indian film actresses.

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List of Indian sportswomen

This List of Indian Sportswomen includes the champion sports women that India has ever produced who bought laurels to their mother land by establishing records & winning titles on international stage.

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List of Indian women in dance

This list of Indian women in dance includes women from India or of Indian parentage who are notable for their involvement with modern or traditional Indian dance, as dancers or choreographers.

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List of Indian women writers

This is a list of women writers who were born in India or whose writings are closely associated with that country.

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List of Presidents of India

The President of India is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

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List of Prime Ministers of India

The Prime Minister of India is the chief executive of the Government of India.

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Literacy

Literacy is traditionally meant as the ability to read and write.

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Living Media

Living Media (India Today Group) is an Indian media conglomerate based in New Delhi, India.

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Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha.

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Lord William Bentinck

Lieutenant-General Lord William Henry Cavendish-Bentinck (14 September 1774 – 17 June 1839), known as Lord William Bentinck, was a British soldier and statesman.

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Lynching

Lynching is a premeditated extrajudicial killing by a group.

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Madhu Kishwar

Madhu Purnima Kishwar is an Indian academic and writer.

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Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh (MP;; meaning Central Province) is a state in central India.

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Maharashtra

Maharashtra (abbr. MH) is a state in the western region of India and is India's second-most populous state and third-largest state by area.

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Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.

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Maitreyi

Maitreyi ("friendly one") was a Hindu philosopher who lived during the later Vedic period in ancient India.

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Maratha

The Maratha (IAST:Marāṭhā; archaically transliterated as Marhatta or Mahratta) is a group of castes in India found predominantly in the state of Maharashtra.

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Marital rape

Marital rape (or spousal rape) is the act of sexual intercourse with one's spouse without the spouse's consent.

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Martial arts

Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practices, which are practiced for a number of reasons: as self-defense, military and law enforcement applications, mental and spiritual development; as well as entertainment and the preservation of a nation's intangible cultural heritage.

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Maternal death

Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes." There are two performance indicators that are sometimes used interchangeably: maternal mortality ratio and maternal mortality rate, which confusingly both are abbreviated "MMR".

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Mathrubhumi

Mathrubhumi is a Malayalam newspaper that is published from Kerala, India.

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Mathura rape case

The Mathura rape case was an incident of custodial rape in India on 26 March 1972, wherein Mathura, a young tribal girl, was allegedly raped by two policemen on the compound of Desaiganj Police Station in Gadchiroli district of Maharashtra.

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Medha Patkar

Medha Patkar (born on 1 December 1954) is an Indian social activist working on various crucial political and economical issues raised by Tribals, Dalits,Farmers, labourers and Women facing injustice in India.

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Medicine

Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

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Megacity

A megacity is a very large city, typically with a total population in excess of 10 million people.

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Meira Kumar

Meira Kumar is an Indian politician and five-time Member of Parliament who was the United Progressive Alliance nominee for President of India in the 2017 election.

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Menstrual taboo

A menstrual taboo is any social taboo concerned with menstruation.

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Ministry of Home Affairs (India)

The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) or Home Ministry (IAST: Gṛha Maṃtrālaya) is a ministry of the Government of India.

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Ministry of Women and Child Development

The Ministry of Women and Child Development, a branch of the Government of India, is the apex body for formulation and administration of the rules and regulations and laws relating to women and child development in India.

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Mitali Madhumita

Mitali Madhumita is the first woman officer in the Indian Army to receive a gallantry award.

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Mizoram

Mizoram is a state in Northeast India, with Aizawl as its capital city.

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Modi ministry

The Modi Ministry is the Council of Ministers headed by Narendra Modi that was formed after the 2014 general election which was held in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May in 2014.

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Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum

Mohd.

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Monogamy

Monogamy is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during their lifetime — alternately, only one partner at any one time (serial monogamy) — as compared to non-monogamy (e.g., polygamy or polyamory).

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Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa, known in the Roman Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu,; 26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary.

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Mount Everest

Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.

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Mumbai

Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent

Muslim conquests on the Indian subcontinent mainly took place from the 12th to the 16th centuries, though earlier Muslim conquests made limited inroads into modern Afghanistan and Pakistan as early as the time of the Rajput kingdoms in the 8th century.

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Namma Metro

Namma Metro, also known as Bangalore Metro is a metro system serving the city of Bangalore, India.

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Narmada Bachao Andolan

Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a social movement consisting of adivasis, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against the number of large dams being built across the Narmada River, which flows through the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

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National Commission for Women

The National Commission for Women (NCW) is a statutory body of the Government of India, generally concerned with advising the government on all policy matters affecting women.

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Nawabs of Bhopal

The Nawabs of Bhopal were the Muslim rulers of the princely state of Bhopal, now part of the modern state of Madhya Pradesh, in India.

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NDTV

New Delhi Television Limited (NDTV) is an Indian television media company founded in 1988 by Radhika Roy, a journalist.

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Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.

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North India

North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India.

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NPR

National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization based in Washington, D.C. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.

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Nur Jahan

Nur Jahan (born Mehr-un-Nissa) (31 May 1577 – 17 December 1645) was the twentieth (and last) wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.

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Odisha

Odisha (formerly Orissa) is one of the 29 states of India, located in eastern India.

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Oneindia

Oneindia.com is an Indian online portal founded by BG Mahesh & Sriram Hebbar, owned by Greynium Information Technologies Pvt Ltd.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Pandita Ramabai

Pandita Ramabai Sarasvati (23 April 1858 – 5 April 1922) was an Indian social reformer, a champion for the emancipation of women, and a pioneer in education.

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Pandyan dynasty

The Pandyan dynasty was an ancient Tamil dynasty, one of the three Tamil dynasties, the other two being the Chola and the Chera.

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Parvati

Parvati (Sanskrit: पार्वती, IAST: Pārvatī) or Uma (IAST: Umā) is the Hindu goddess of fertility, love and devotion; as well as of divine strength and power.

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Patanjali

(पतञ्जलि) is a proper Indian name.

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Patrilineality

Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through his or her father's lineage.

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Peary Charan Sarkar

Peary Charan Sircar (1823–1875), spelled Pyari Churn Sircar or Pyari Charan Sircar in contemporary documents, was an educationist and textbook writer in nineteenth century Bengal.

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Polyandry in India

Polyandry in India refers to the practice of polyandry, whereby a woman has two or more husbands at the same time, either historically on the Indian subcontinent or currently in the country of India.

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Polygyny

Polygyny (from Neoclassical Greek πολυγυνία from πολύ- poly- "many", and γυνή gyne "woman" or "wife") is the most common and accepted form of polygamy, entailing the marriage of a man with several women.

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Pratibha Patil

Pratibha Rao Patil (born 19 December 1934) is an Indian politician who served as the 12th President of India from 2007 to 2012.

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President of India

The President of the Republic of India is the head of state of India and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces.

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Prime Minister of India

The Prime Minister of India is the leader of the executive of the Government of India.

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Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

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Priya Jhingan

Priya Jhingan is from first batch of 25 lady officers who got commissioned in Indian Army in 1993.

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Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to protect women from domestic violence.

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Punjab, India

Punjab is a state in northern India.

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Puranas

The Puranas (singular: पुराण), are ancient Hindu texts eulogizing various deities, primarily the divine Trimurti God in Hinduism through divine stories.

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Purdah

Pardah or pardah is the term used primarily in South Asia, (from پرده, meaning "curtain") to describe in the South Asian context, the global religious and social practice of female seclusion that is associated with Muslim communities.

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Radha Kumar

Radha Kumar is an Indian feminist, academic and author.

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Rajasthan

Rajasthan (literally, "Land of Kings") is India's largest state by area (or 10.4% of India's total area).

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Rajput

Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra, "son of a king") is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent.

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Ram Mohan Roy

Raja Ram Mohan Roy (c. 1774 -- 27 September 1833) was a founder of the Brahma Sabha the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a socio-religious reform movement in India.

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Ramakrishna

Ramakrishna Paramahansa; 18 February 1836 – 16 August 1886),http://belurmath.org/kids_section/birth-of-sri-ramakrishna/ born Gadadhar Chatterjee or Gadadhar Chattopadhyay, was an Indian mystic and yogi during the 19th century. Ramakrishna was given to spiritual ecstacies from a young age, and was influenced by several religious traditions, including devotion toward the goddess Kali, Tantra, Vaishnava bhakti, and Advaita Vedanta. Reverence and admiration for him amongst Bengali elites led to the formation of the Ramakrishna Mission by his chief disciple Swami Vivekananda. His devotees look upon him as an incarnation or Avatara of the formless Supreme Brahman while some devotees see him as an avatara of Vishnu.

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Ramakrishna Sarada Mission

Ramakrishna Sarada Mission and Sri Sarada Math are twin organizations named after Sri Sarada Devi and Sri Ramakrishna.

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Ramon Magsaysay Award

The Ramon Magsaysay Award is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society.

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Rangoli

Rangoli is an art form, originating in the Indian subcontinent, in which patterns are created on the floor in living rooms or courtyards using materials such as colored rice, dry flour, colored sand or flower petals.

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Rani Durgavati

Rani Durgavati Maravi Gurjar (October 5, 1524 – June 24, 1564) was a ruling Queen of Gondwana from 1550 until 1564.

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Rani of Jhansi

Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi (19 November 1828 – 18 June 1858Though the day of the month is regarded as certain historians disagree about the year: among those suggested are 1827 and 1835.), was the queen of the princely state of Jhansi in North India currently present in Jhansi district in Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Rape in India

Rape is the fourth most common crime against women in India.

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Razia Sultana

Raziya Sultana, sometime Raziyya Sultan, (1205 – 13 October 1240) was the Sultan of Delhi from 10 November 1236 to 14 October 1240.

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Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History

Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History is a 1989 book, edited by Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid, published by Kali for Women in India and by the Rutgers University Press in the United States.

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Rediff.com

Rediff.com is an Indian news, information, entertainment and shopping web portal, founded in 1996 as "Rediff On The NeT".

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Reform movement

A reform movement is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or political system closer to the community's ideal.

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Renuka Chowdhury

Renuka Chowdhury (13 August 1954) is an Indian politician and a member of the Indian National Congress, she represents the political party in the Rajya Sabha from Andhra Pradesh.

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Reservation in India

The system of reservation in India comprises a series of measures, such as reserving access to seats in the various legislatures, to government jobs, and to enrollment in higher educational institutions.

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Rigveda

The Rigveda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद, from "praise" and "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns along with associated commentaries on liturgy, ritual and mystical exegesis.

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Roop Kanwar

Roopkuvarba Kanwar (c. 1969 – 4 September 1987) was a Rajput woman who was immolated at Deorala village of Sikar district in Rajasthan, India.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Rukmini Devi Arundale

Rukmini Devi Neelakanda Sastri (29 February 1904 – 24 February 1986) was an Indian theosophist, dancer and choreographer of the Indian classical dance form of Bharatanatyam, and an activist for animal rights and welfare.

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Ruth Vanita

Ruth Vanita is an Indian academic, activist and author who specialises in British and Indian literary history with a focus on gender and sexuality studies, and and studies,. She also teaches and writes on Hindu philosophy.

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Saraswati

Saraswati (सरस्वती) is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, wisdom and learning worshipped throughout Nepal and India.

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Sari

A sari, saree, or shariThe name of the garment in various regional languages include:শাড়ি, साड़ी, ଶାଢୀ, ಸೀರೆ,, साडी, कापड, चीरे,, സാരി, साडी, सारी, ਸਾਰੀ, புடவை, చీర, ساڑى is a female garment from the Indian subcontinent that consists of a drape varying from five to nine yards (4.5 metres to 8 metres) in length and two to four feet (60 cm to 1.20 m) in breadth that is typically wrapped around the waist, with one end draped over the shoulder, baring the midriff.

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Sarla Thakral

Sarla Thakral (1914 – 15 March 2008) was the first Indian woman to fly an aircraft.

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Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu; Chattopadhyay, (13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949) was an Indian independence activist and poet.

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Sati (practice)

Sati or suttee is an obsolete funeral custom where a widow immolates herself on her husband's pyre or takes her own life in another fashion shortly after her husband's death.

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Savitribai Phule

Savitribai Jyotirao Phule (3 January 1831 – 10 March 1897) was an Indian social reformer, educationalist and poet.

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ScienceDirect

ScienceDirect is a website which provides subscription-based access to a large database of scientific and medical research.

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Sehba Hussain

Sehba Hussain is an Indian social activist.

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Self Employed Women's Association

Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA), meaning "service" in several Indian languages, is a trade union based in Ahmedabad, India that promotes the rights of low-income, independently-employed female workers.

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Sex ratio

The sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population.

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Shalwar kameez

Shalwar kameez, also spelled salwar kameez or shalwar qameez, is a traditional outfit originating in the Indian subcontinent.

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Sheila Sri Prakash

Sheila Sri Prakash (6 July 1955, Bhopal, India) is an architect and urban designer of Indian origin.

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Shiva

Shiva (Sanskrit: शिव, IAST: Śiva, lit. the auspicious one) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.

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Shivaji

Shivaji Bhonsle (c. 1627/1630 – 3 April 1680) was an Indian warrior king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan.

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Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad

Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad, popularly known as Lijjat, is an Indian women's cooperative involved in manufacturing of various fast-moving consumer goods.

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Sify

Sify Technologies Limited is an Indian information and communications technology company providing end to end ICT solutions including Telecom Services, Data Center Services, Cloud & Managed services, Transformation Integration Services and Application Integration Services.

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Sikh

A Sikh (ਸਿੱਖ) is a person associated with Sikhism, a monotheistic religion that originated in the 15th century based on the revelation of Guru Nanak.

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Sindoor

Sindoor or Sindooram is a traditional vermilion red or orange-red colored cosmetic powder from Indian Subcontinent, usually worn by married women along the part of their hair.

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Sister Nivedita

Bhagini (Sister) Nivedita (born Margaret Elizabeth Noble; 28 October 1867 – 13 October 1911) was an Irish teacher, author, social activist, school founder and disciple of Swami Vivekananda.

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Sky News

Sky News is a 24-hour international multimedia news organisation based in the UK that started as a 24-hour television news channel.

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SNDT Women's University

SNDT Women's University, also called by its full name Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University, is a women's university in the city of Mumbai, India.

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Social issue

A social issue is a problem that influences a considerable number of the individuals within a society.

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Social Scientist

Social Scientist is a New Delhi-based journal published by the Indian School of Social Sciences and Tulika Books in the areas of social sciences and humanities.

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Sonia Gandhi

Sonia Gandhi (born 9 December 1946) is an Indian politician of Italian descent.

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South India

South India is the area encompassing the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Puducherry, occupying 19% of India's area.

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Speaker of the Lok Sabha

The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is the presiding officer of the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India.

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Springer Publishing

Springer Publishing is an American publishing company of academic journals and books, focusing on the fields of nursing, gerontology, psychology, social work, counseling, public health, and rehabilitation (neuropsychology).

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.

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Sucheta Kriplani

Sucheta Kriplani (née Mazumdar, 25 June 1908 – 1 December 1974) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician.

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Supreme Court of India

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review.

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Surekha Yadav

Surekha Yadav née Surekha Shankar Yadav (born 2 September 1965) is a female locopilot (train driver) of the Indian Railways in India,.

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Swami Vivekananda

Swami Vivekananda (12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk, a chief disciple of the 19th-century Indian mystic Ramakrishna.

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Swayamvara

Swayamvara (स्वयंवर, IAST: svayaṃvara), in ancient India, was a practice of choosing a husband, from among a list of suitors, by a girl of marriageable age.

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Taipei Times

The Taipei Times is the only printed daily English-language newspaper in Taiwan and the third to be established in the nation.

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Tarabai

Tarabai Bhosale (1675-9 December 1761 at Satara) was the regent of the Maratha empire of India from 1700 until 1708.

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Tata family

The Tata family is a prominent Indian business family, based in the Indian city of Mumbai.

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Taylor & Francis

Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.

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Thanjavur

Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore,Pletcher 2010, p. 195 is a city in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

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The Diplomat

The Diplomat is an online international news magazine covering politics, society, and culture in the Asia-Pacific region.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The Gazette of India

The Gazette of India is a public journal and an authorised legal document of the Government of India, published weekly by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Hindu

The Hindu is an Indian daily newspaper, headquartered at Chennai.

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The History and Culture of the Indian People

The History and Culture of the Indian People is a series of eleven volumes on the history of India, from prehistoric times to the establishment of the modern state in 1947.

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The Hunger Project

The Hunger Project (THP) is an organization committed to the sustainable end of world hunger.

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The Indian Express

The Indian Express is an English-language Indian daily newspaper.

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The Journal of Asian Studies

The Journal of Asian Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Association for Asian Studies, covering Asian studies, ranging from history, the arts, social sciences, to philosophy of East, South, and Southeast Asia.

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The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986

The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act was a controversially named landmark legislation passed by the parliament of India in 1986 to allegedly protect the rights of Muslim women who have been divorced by, or have obtained divorce from, their husbands and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Observer

The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays.

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The Telegraph (Calcutta)

The Telegraph is an Indian English daily newspaper founded and continuously published in Kolkata since 7 July 1982.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.

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The Times of India

The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The Times Group.

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The Tribune (Chandigarh)

The Tribune is an Indian English-language daily newspaper published from Chandigarh, New Delhi, Jalandhar, Dehradun and Bathinda.

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Thomson Reuters Foundation

Thomson Reuters Foundation is the London-based charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, a Canadian global information and news network.

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Triple talaq in India

Triple Talaq, also known as talaq-e-biddat, instant divorce and talaq-e-mughallazah (irrevocable divorce), is a form of Islamic divorce which has been used by Muslims in India, especially adherents of Hanafi Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence.

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Tripura

Tripura 'ত্রিপুরা (Bengali)' is a state in Northeast India.

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UN Women

The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women, also known as UN Women, is a United Nations entity working for the empowerment of women.

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UNICEF

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is a United Nations (UN) program headquartered in New York City that provides humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries.

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Union Council of Ministers

The Union Council of Ministers exercises executive authority in the Republic of India.

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Union territory

A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée Générale AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the UN.

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United Press International

United Press International (UPI) is an international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century.

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United Provinces of Agra and Oudh

The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 1902 to 1947; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces (UP), by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of independent India until 1950.

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United States Agency for International Development

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.

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Upanishads

The Upanishads (उपनिषद्), a part of the Vedas, are ancient Sanskrit texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts and ideas of Hinduism, some of which are shared with religious traditions like Buddhism and Jainism.

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Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh (IAST: Uttar Pradeś) is a state in northern India.

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Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, officially the State of Uttarakhand (Uttarākhaṇḍ Rājya), formerly known as Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India.

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Vedic period

The Vedic period, or Vedic age, is the period in the history of the northwestern Indian subcontinent between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation in the central Gangetic Plain which began in BCE.

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Victim blaming

Victim blaming occurs when the victim of a crime or any wrongful act is held entirely or partially at fault for the harm that befell them.

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Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (18 August 1900 – 1 December 1990) was an Indian diplomat and politician, the sister of Jawaharlal Nehru, the aunt of Indira Gandhi and the grand-aunt of Rajiv Gandhi, each of whom served as Prime Minister of India.

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Violence & Victims

Violence and Victims is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering theory, research, policy, and clinical practice in the area of interpersonal violence and victimization, touching diverse disciplines such as psychology, sociology, criminology, law, medicine, nursing, psychiatry, and social work.

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Vishnu

Vishnu (Sanskrit: विष्णु, IAST) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism, and the Supreme Being in its Vaishnavism tradition.

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Weddings in India

Weddings in India vary regionally, the religion and per personal preferences of the bride and groom.

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West Bengal

West Bengal (Paśchimbāṅga) is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal.

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Western Uttar Pradesh

Western Uttar Pradesh, is a region in India that comprises the western districts of Uttar Pradesh state, including the areas of Rohilkhand and Braj.

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Wiley-Blackwell

Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.

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Women in agriculture in India

India has a national tradition bound to agriculture fertility.

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Women in Hinduism

Hindu texts present diverse and conflicting views on the position of women, ranging from feminine leadership as the highest goddess, to limiting her role to an obedient daughter, housewife and mother.

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Women in Sikhism

The role of women in Sikhism is outlined in the Sikh scriptures, which state that women are equal to men.

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Women of Aviation Worldwide Week

Women Of Aviation Worldwide Week is an annual global observance that takes place during the week of March 8.

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Women's History Review

Women's History Review is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal of women's history published by Routledge.

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Women's Reservation Bill

The Women's Reservation Bill or The Constitution (108th Amendment) Bill, 2008, is a lapsed bill in the Parliament of India which proposed to amend the Constitution of India to reserve 33% of all seats in the Lower house of Parliament of India, the Lok Sabha, and in all state legislative assemblies for women.

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Women's rights

Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the nineteenth century and feminist movement during the 20th century.

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Women's rights are human rights

"Women's rights are human rights" is a phrase used in the feminist movement.

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Women's Studies International Forum

Women's Studies International Forum is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering feminist research in the area of women's studies and other disciplines.

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Zenana

Zenana (زنانه, زنانہ, ज़नाना), literally meaning "of the women" or "pertaining to women," contextually refers to the part of a house belonging to a Hindu or Muslim family in South Asia which is reserved for the women of the household.

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Redirects here:

Crimes against women in India, Indian women, Status of women in Indian society, Women Safety Laws in India, Women from India, Women of India.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_India

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