Communication

413 relations: Abiogenic petroleum origin, Achaemenid Empire, Actinomycetales, Aerobic organism, Ahmadi Governorate, Alaska, Alberta, Aldehyde, Alfreton, Algae, Algeria, Alkane, Alkene, Alternative fuel, Amino acid, Ammonia, Amoco Cadiz, Anaerobic organism, Angola, Anoxic waters, Anthracene, API gravity, Arctic ice pack, Arizona, Aromatic hydrocarbon, Aromaticity, Arthrobacter, Artificial lift, Asia, Asphalt, Asphaltene, Athabasca oil sands, Atmosphere of Earth, Azerbaijan, Babylon, Bactericide, Barrel (unit), Barrel of oil equivalent, Bathgate, Battery electric vehicle, Benchmark (crude oil), Benzene, Biodegradation, Biodiesel, Biofuel, Biomass, Bioplastic, Boring (earth), Branobel, Brazil, ..., Brent Crude, Brent oilfield, BRICS, Bulldozer, Butane, Canada, Cannel coal, Caprock, Carbon, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Carcinogen, Catagenesis (geology), Celsius, Chemical element, Chemical process, Chemical substance, China, Chromobacterium violaceum, Civilization, Coal mining, Commercial aviation, Commodity, Concise Oxford English Dictionary, Condensation, Consumption function, Cracking (chemistry), Creosote, Crude oil assay, Crust (geology), Cushing, Oklahoma, Cycloalkane, Daqing Oil Field, Day, De Natura Fossilium, Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Degree of unsaturation, Demulsifier, Der Spiegel, Derbyshire, Diesel fuel, Diodorus Siculus, Directional drilling, Distillation, DME Oman Crude Oil Futures Contract, Downstream (petroleum industry), Drake Well, Drill, Dubai Crude, Earth, East Shetland Basin, Ecosystem, Edwin Drake, Elsevier, Endothermic process, Energy density, Energy Information Administration, Enhanced oil recovery, Enzyme, Ethane, Euphrates, Europe, Exothermic process, Export Land Model, Extinction, Extraction of petroleum, Exxon Valdez oil spill, Fat, Fertilizer, Filling station, Flame ionization detector, Flexible-fuel vehicle, Fluid catalytic cracking, Formaldehyde, Fossil, Fossil fuel, Fractional distillation, Fractionating column, France, Frozen food, Fuel, Fuel cell vehicle, Fuel oil, Fulvic acid, Galápagos Islands, Gas, Gas chromatography, Gas flare, Gas oil ratio, Gasoline, Geochemistry, Geological formation, Georgius Agricola, Geothermal gradient, Germany, Global warming, Grease (lubricant), Greenhouse gas, Gulf of Mexico, Hardisty, Heavy crude oil, Heptane, Herodotus, Hexadecane, Hexane, History of ethanol fuel in Brazil, Homogeneity and heterogeneity, Hybrid electric vehicle, Hydraulic fracturing, Hydrocarbon, Hydrocarbon exploration, Hydrodesulfurization, Hydroelectricity, Hydrogen, Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle, Hydrogen sulfide, Hydrogen vehicle, Hydrolysis, I Ching, Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Imino acid, India, Indonesia, Internal combustion engine, International Energy Agency, Iran, Iraq, Isotopes of thorium, Issus (river), Italy, James Miller Williams, James Young (chemist), Japan, Jasło, Jet fuel, Kazakhstan, Kerogen, Kerosene, Keto acid, Kilometre, Korňa, Kuwait, Latin, Liana, Light crude oil, Lignin, Lignite, Liquefied petroleum gas, Liquid, List of countries by oil production, List of oil exploration and production companies, List of oil fields, List of oil spills, List of rock formations, Long and short scales, Lubbock, Texas, Lubricant, Lula oil field, M. King Hubbert, Magma, Malaysia, Manure-derived synthetic crude oil, Marine and Petroleum Geology, Mass spectrometry, Mechanization, Medication, Merkwiller-Pechelbronn, Metal, Methane, Metre, Mexico, Micro hydro, Micrococcus, Midstream, Midway-Sunset Oil Field, Molecule, Monosaccharide, Montara oil spill, Motor oil, Mud, MV Erika, Myanmar, Naphtha, Natural gas, Natural gas vehicle, Natural-gas condensate, Nevada, Nigeria, Ninian, Nitrate, Nitrogen, Nitrogen oxide, Non-renewable resource, Nonane, North Sea, Norway, Nuclear power, Ocean acidification, Oceania, Octane, OECD, Oil boom, Oil burden, Oil campaign chronology of World War II, Oil constant, Oil depletion, Oil field, Oil refinery, Oil reserves, Oil sands, Oil shale, Oil spill, Oil Springs, Ontario, Oil tanker, Oil well, Oleum, OPEC, OPEC Reference Basket, Operation Barbarossa, Orders of magnitude (numbers), Oregon, Organic compound, Organic matter, Orinoco Belt, Oxidative deamination, Oxygen, Paraffin wax, Parts-per notation, Peak oil, Pemex, Pentane, Permeability (earth sciences), Persepolis Administrative Archives, Persian Gulf, Pesticide, Petrochemical, Petroleum coke, Petroleum geology, Petroleum industry, Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan, Petroleum product, Petroleum reservoir, Petroleum seep, Petroleum transport, Phase diagram, Phenol, Phenols, Picoline, Pipeline transport, Plankton, Plastic, Ploiești, Plug-in hybrid, Poland, Pollutant, Polysaccharide, Porosity, Potassium-40, Prestige oil spill, Primary energy, Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast, Propane, Protein, Province of Canada, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pump, Pumpjack, Pyridine, Pyrolysis, Qatar, Quinoline, Radical (chemistry), Radioactive decay, Reagent, Rearrangement reaction, Redox, Renewable energy, Rhodococcus, Riddings, Romania, Russia, Saline water, Saturation (chemistry), Saudi Arabia, Scallop, Sediment, Sedimentary rock, Seismology, Sensor, Shetland, Shrub, Silt, Slovakia, Smog, Solar power, Solubility, Solution, Solvent, Sour crude oil, Source rock, South Korea, Speciality chemicals, Specific gravity, SS Atlantic Empress, Standard conditions for temperature and pressure, Stoichiometry, Stratum, Streptomycin, Sulfate, Sulfur, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric acid, Sullom Voe, Sweet crude oil, Tanker (ship), Tapis crude, Tar, Tar pit, Tectonophysics (journal), Teknisk Ukeblad, Thermal depolymerization, Tiber Oil Field, Tight oil, Torbanite, Torrey Canyon oil spill, Total petroleum hydrocarbon, Tree, Trinidad and Tobago, Tropospheric ozone, Unconventional oil, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Unresolved complex mixture, Upstream (petroleum industry), Uranium-235, Uranium-238, Urea-formaldehyde, Vanadium, Venezuela, Viscosity, Volatility (chemistry), Washington (state), Waste oil, Water associated fraction, Water injection (oil production), Water stagnation, Wax, West Lothian, West Texas Intermediate, Western Canadian Select, Western States Petroleum Association, Whale oil, Whaling, Wietze, Wind power, Woody plant, World War II, Yenangyaung, Zakynthos, Zooplankton, 1980s oil glut, 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane. Expand index (363 more) » « Shrink index

Abiogenic petroleum origin

Abiogenic petroleum origin is a term used to describe a number of different hypotheses which propose that petroleum and natural gas are formed by inorganic means rather than by the decomposition of organisms.

New!!: Petroleum and Abiogenic petroleum origin · See more »

Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire, also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great.

New!!: Petroleum and Achaemenid Empire · See more »

Actinomycetales

The Actinomycetales are an order of Actinobacteria.

New!!: Petroleum and Actinomycetales · See more »

Aerobic organism

An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.

New!!: Petroleum and Aerobic organism · See more »

Ahmadi Governorate

Ahmadi Governorate (محافظة الأحمدي Muḥāfaẓat al-Aḥmadī) is one of the six governorates of Kuwait.

New!!: Petroleum and Ahmadi Governorate · See more »

Alaska

Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.

New!!: Petroleum and Alaska · See more »

Alberta

Alberta is a western province of Canada.

New!!: Petroleum and Alberta · See more »

Aldehyde

An aldehyde or alkanal is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure −CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.

New!!: Petroleum and Aldehyde · See more »

Alfreton

Alfreton is a town and civil parish in Amber Valley, Derbyshire based in the East Midlands, England, adjoining the Bolsover and North East Derbyshire districts.

New!!: Petroleum and Alfreton · See more »

Algae

Algae (singular alga) is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic.

New!!: Petroleum and Algae · See more »

Algeria

Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.

New!!: Petroleum and Algeria · See more »

Alkane

In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon.

New!!: Petroleum and Alkane · See more »

Alkene

In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond.

New!!: Petroleum and Alkene · See more »

Alternative fuel

Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like; fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal, and natural gas), as well as nuclear materials such as uranium and thorium, as well as artificial radioisotope fuels that are made in nuclear reactors.

New!!: Petroleum and Alternative fuel · See more »

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.

New!!: Petroleum and Amino acid · See more »

Ammonia

Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.

New!!: Petroleum and Ammonia · See more »

Amoco Cadiz

Amoco Cadiz was a very large crude carrier (VLCC) under the Liberian flag of convenience owned by Amoco and transporting crude oil for Shell.

New!!: Petroleum and Amoco Cadiz · See more »

Anaerobic organism

An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.

New!!: Petroleum and Anaerobic organism · See more »

Angola

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in Southern Africa.

New!!: Petroleum and Angola · See more »

Anoxic waters

Anoxic waters are areas of sea water, fresh water, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen and are a more severe condition of hypoxia.

New!!: Petroleum and Anoxic waters · See more »

Anthracene

Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C14H10, consisting of three fused benzene rings.

New!!: Petroleum and Anthracene · See more »

API gravity

The American Petroleum Institute gravity, or API gravity, is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water: if its API gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water; if less than 10, it is heavier and sinks.

New!!: Petroleum and API gravity · See more »

Arctic ice pack

The Arctic ice pack is the ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity.

New!!: Petroleum and Arctic ice pack · See more »

Arizona

Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.

New!!: Petroleum and Arizona · See more »

Aromatic hydrocarbon

An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene (or sometimes aryl hydrocarbon) is a hydrocarbon with sigma bonds and delocalized pi electrons between carbon atoms forming a circle.

New!!: Petroleum and Aromatic hydrocarbon · See more »

Aromaticity

In organic chemistry, the term aromaticity is used to describe a cyclic (ring-shaped), planar (flat) molecule with a ring of resonance bonds that exhibits more stability than other geometric or connective arrangements with the same set of atoms.

New!!: Petroleum and Aromaticity · See more »

Arthrobacter

Arthrobacter (from the Greek, "jointed small stick”) is a genus of bacteria that is commonly found in soil.

New!!: Petroleum and Arthrobacter · See more »

Artificial lift

Artificial lift refers to the use of artificial means to increase the flow of liquids, such as crude oil or water, from a production well.

New!!: Petroleum and Artificial lift · See more »

Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

New!!: Petroleum and Asia · See more »

Asphalt

Asphalt, also known as bitumen, is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum.

New!!: Petroleum and Asphalt · See more »

Asphaltene

Asphaltenes are molecular substances that are found in crude oil, along with resins, aromatic hydrocarbons, and saturates (i.e. saturated hydrocarbons such as alkanes).

New!!: Petroleum and Asphaltene · See more »

Athabasca oil sands

The Athabasca oil sands (or tar sands) are large deposits of bitumen or extremely heavy crude oil, located in northeastern Alberta, Canada – roughly centred on the boomtown of Fort McMurray.

New!!: Petroleum and Athabasca oil sands · See more »

Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity.

New!!: Petroleum and Atmosphere of Earth · See more »

Azerbaijan

No description.

New!!: Petroleum and Azerbaijan · See more »

Babylon

Babylon (KA2.DIĜIR.RAKI Bābili(m); Aramaic: בבל, Babel; بَابِل, Bābil; בָּבֶל, Bavel; ܒܒܠ, Bāwēl) was a key kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia from the 18th to 6th centuries BC.

New!!: Petroleum and Babylon · See more »

Bactericide

A bactericide or bacteriocide, sometimes abbreviated Bcidal, is a substance that kills bacteria.

New!!: Petroleum and Bactericide · See more »

Barrel (unit)

A barrel is one of several units of volume applied in various contexts; there are dry barrels, fluid barrels (such as the UK beer barrel and US beer barrel), oil barrels and so on.

New!!: Petroleum and Barrel (unit) · See more »

Barrel of oil equivalent

The barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) is a unit of energy based on the approximate energy released by burning one barrel (42 U.S. gallons or 158.9873 litres) of crude oil.

New!!: Petroleum and Barrel of oil equivalent · See more »

Bathgate

Bathgate (Bathket or italic, Both Chèit) is a town in West Lothian, Scotland, on the M8 motorway west of Livingston.

New!!: Petroleum and Bathgate · See more »

Battery electric vehicle

A battery electric vehicle (BEV), or all-electric vehicle is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs.

New!!: Petroleum and Battery electric vehicle · See more »

Benchmark (crude oil)

A benchmark crude or marker crude is a crude oil that serves as a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil.

New!!: Petroleum and Benchmark (crude oil) · See more »

Benzene

Benzene is an important organic chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H6.

New!!: Petroleum and Benzene · See more »

Biodegradation

Biodegradation is the disintegration of materials by bacteria, fungi, or other biological means.

New!!: Petroleum and Biodegradation · See more »

Biodiesel

Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters.

New!!: Petroleum and Biodiesel · See more »

Biofuel

A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter.

New!!: Petroleum and Biofuel · See more »

Biomass

Biomass is an industry term for getting energy by burning wood, and other organic matter.

New!!: Petroleum and Biomass · See more »

Bioplastic

Bioplastics are plastics derived from renewable biomass sources, such as vegetable fats and oils, corn starch, or microbiota.

New!!: Petroleum and Bioplastic · See more »

Boring (earth)

Boring is drilling a hole, tunnel, or well in the earth.

New!!: Petroleum and Boring (earth) · See more »

Branobel

The Petroleum Production Company Nobel Brothers, Limited, or Branobel (short for братьев Нобель "brat'yev Nobel" — "Nobel Brothers" in Russian), was an oil company set up by Ludvig Nobel and Baron Peter von Bilderling, mainly in Baku, Azerbaijan but also in Cheleken, Turkmenistan.

New!!: Petroleum and Branobel · See more »

Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

New!!: Petroleum and Brazil · See more »

Brent Crude

Brent Crude is a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide.

New!!: Petroleum and Brent Crude · See more »

Brent oilfield

The Brent field is an oil and gas field located in the East Shetland Basin of the North Sea, north-east of Lerwick, Shetland Islands, Scotland, at the water depth of.

New!!: Petroleum and Brent oilfield · See more »

BRICS

BRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.

New!!: Petroleum and BRICS · See more »

Bulldozer

A bulldozer is a crawler (continuous tracked tractor) equipped with a substantial metal plate (known as a blade) used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, or other such material during construction or conversion work and typically equipped at the rear with a claw-like device (known as a ripper) to loosen densely compacted materials.

New!!: Petroleum and Bulldozer · See more »

Butane

Butane is an organic compound with the formula C4H10 that is an alkane with four carbon atoms.

New!!: Petroleum and Butane · See more »

Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

New!!: Petroleum and Canada · See more »

Cannel coal

Cannel coal or candle coal, is a type of bituminous coal, also classified as terrestrial type oil shale.

New!!: Petroleum and Cannel coal · See more »

Caprock

Caprock or cap rock is a harder or more resistant rock type overlying a weaker or less resistant rock type.

New!!: Petroleum and Caprock · See more »

Carbon

Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.

New!!: Petroleum and Carbon · See more »

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.

New!!: Petroleum and Carbon dioxide · See more »

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.

New!!: Petroleum and Carbon monoxide · See more »

Carcinogen

A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.

New!!: Petroleum and Carcinogen · See more »

Catagenesis (geology)

Catagenesis is a term used in petroleum geology to describe the cracking process which results in the conversion of organic kerogens into hydrocarbons.

New!!: Petroleum and Catagenesis (geology) · See more »

Celsius

The Celsius scale, previously known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI).

New!!: Petroleum and Celsius · See more »

Chemical element

A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).

New!!: Petroleum and Chemical element · See more »

Chemical process

In a scientific sense, a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds.

New!!: Petroleum and Chemical process · See more »

Chemical substance

A chemical substance, also known as a pure substance, is a form of matter that consists of molecules of the same composition and structure.

New!!: Petroleum and Chemical substance · See more »

China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

New!!: Petroleum and China · See more »

Chromobacterium violaceum

Chromobacterium violaceum is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporing coccobacillus.

New!!: Petroleum and Chromobacterium violaceum · See more »

Civilization

A civilization or civilisation (see English spelling differences) is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification imposed by a cultural elite, symbolic systems of communication (for example, writing systems), and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.

New!!: Petroleum and Civilization · See more »

Coal mining

Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground.

New!!: Petroleum and Coal mining · See more »

Commercial aviation

Commercial aviation is the part of civil aviation (both general aviation and scheduled airline services) that involves operating aircraft for hire to transport passengers or multiple loads of cargo.

New!!: Petroleum and Commercial aviation · See more »

Commodity

In economics, a commodity is an economic good or service that has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them.

New!!: Petroleum and Commodity · See more »

Concise Oxford English Dictionary

Henry Watson Fowler The Concise Oxford English Dictionary (officially titled The Concise Oxford Dictionary until 2002, and widely abbreviated COD or COED) is probably the best-known of the 'smaller' Oxford dictionaries.

New!!: Petroleum and Concise Oxford English Dictionary · See more »

Condensation

Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of vapourisation.

New!!: Petroleum and Condensation · See more »

Consumption function

In economics, the consumption function describes a relationship between consumption and disposable income.

New!!: Petroleum and Consumption function · See more »

Cracking (chemistry)

In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or long-chain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors.

New!!: Petroleum and Cracking (chemistry) · See more »

Creosote

Creosote is a category of carbonaceous chemicals formed by the distillation of various tars and pyrolysis of plant-derived material, such as wood or fossil fuel.

New!!: Petroleum and Creosote · See more »

Crude oil assay

A crude oil assay is the chemical evaluation of crude oil feedstocks by petroleum testing laboratories.

New!!: Petroleum and Crude oil assay · See more »

Crust (geology)

In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.

New!!: Petroleum and Crust (geology) · See more »

Cushing, Oklahoma

Cushing is a city in Payne County, Oklahoma, United States.

New!!: Petroleum and Cushing, Oklahoma · See more »

Cycloalkane

In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons.

New!!: Petroleum and Cycloalkane · See more »

Daqing Oil Field

The Daqing Oil Field, formerly romanized as "Taching", is the largest oil field in the People's Republic of China, located between the Songhua river and Nen River in Heilongjiang province.

New!!: Petroleum and Daqing Oil Field · See more »

Day

A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation with respect to the Sun (solar day).

New!!: Petroleum and Day · See more »

De Natura Fossilium

De Natura Fossilium is a scientific text written by Georg Bauer also known as Georgius Agricola, first published in 1546.

New!!: Petroleum and De Natura Fossilium · See more »

Deepwater Horizon oil spill

The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP oil spill/leak, the BP oil disaster, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, and the Macondo blowout) is an industrial disaster that began on 20 April 2010, in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8% to 31% larger in volume than the previous largest, the Ixtoc I oil spill.

New!!: Petroleum and Deepwater Horizon oil spill · See more »

Degree of unsaturation

The degree of unsaturation (also known as the index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) or rings plus double bonds) formula is used in organic chemistry to help draw chemical structures.

New!!: Petroleum and Degree of unsaturation · See more »

Demulsifier

Demulsifiers, or emulsion breakers, are a class of specialty chemicals used to separate emulsions, for example, water in oil.

New!!: Petroleum and Demulsifier · See more »

Der Spiegel

Der Spiegel (lit. "The Mirror") is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg.

New!!: Petroleum and Der Spiegel · See more »

Derbyshire

Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England.

New!!: Petroleum and Derbyshire · See more »

Diesel fuel

Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.

New!!: Petroleum and Diesel fuel · See more »

Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus (Διόδωρος Σικελιώτης Diodoros Sikeliotes) (1st century BC) or Diodorus of Sicily was a Greek historian.

New!!: Petroleum and Diodorus Siculus · See more »

Directional drilling

Directional drilling (or slant drilling) is the practice of drilling non-vertical wells.

New!!: Petroleum and Directional drilling · See more »

Distillation

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.

New!!: Petroleum and Distillation · See more »

DME Oman Crude Oil Futures Contract

Launched by the Dubai Mercantile Exchange (DME) on 1 June 2007, the DME Oman Crude Oil Futures Contract (OQD) is the Asian crude oil pricing benchmark.

New!!: Petroleum and DME Oman Crude Oil Futures Contract · See more »

Downstream (petroleum industry)

The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas.

New!!: Petroleum and Downstream (petroleum industry) · See more »

Drake Well

The Drake Well is a oil well in Cherrytree Township, Venango County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, the success of which sparked the first oil boom in the United States.

New!!: Petroleum and Drake Well · See more »

Drill

A drill is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment or driving tool attachment, usually a drill bit or driver bit, used for boring holes in various materials or fastening various materials together.

New!!: Petroleum and Drill · See more »

Dubai Crude

Dubai Crude is a medium sour crude oil extracted from Dubai.

New!!: Petroleum and Dubai Crude · See more »

Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

New!!: Petroleum and Earth · See more »

East Shetland Basin

The East Shetland Basin is a major oil-producing area of the North Sea between Scotland and Norway.

New!!: Petroleum and East Shetland Basin · See more »

Ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil.

New!!: Petroleum and Ecosystem · See more »

Edwin Drake

Edwin Laurentine Drake (March 29, 1819 – November 9, 1880), also known as Colonel Drake, was an American businessman and the first American to successfully drill for oil.

New!!: Petroleum and Edwin Drake · See more »

Elsevier

Elsevier is an information and analytics company and one of the world's major providers of scientific, technical, and medical information.

New!!: Petroleum and Elsevier · See more »

Endothermic process

The term endothermic process describes the process or reaction in which the system absorbs energy from its surroundings, usually in the form of heat.

New!!: Petroleum and Endothermic process · See more »

Energy density

Energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume.

New!!: Petroleum and Energy density · See more »

Energy Information Administration

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.

New!!: Petroleum and Energy Information Administration · See more »

Enhanced oil recovery

Enhanced oil recovery (abbreviated EOR) is the implementation of various techniques for increasing the amount of crude oil that can be extracted from an oil field.

New!!: Petroleum and Enhanced oil recovery · See more »

Enzyme

Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.

New!!: Petroleum and Enzyme · See more »

Ethane

Ethane is an organic chemical compound with chemical formula.

New!!: Petroleum and Ethane · See more »

Euphrates

The Euphrates (Sumerian: Buranuna; 𒌓𒄒𒉣 Purattu; الفرات al-Furāt; ̇ܦܪܬ Pǝrāt; Եփրատ: Yeprat; פרת Perat; Fırat; Firat) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.

New!!: Petroleum and Euphrates · See more »

Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

New!!: Petroleum and Europe · See more »

Exothermic process

In thermodynamics, the term exothermic process (exo-: "outside") describes a process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e.g. a battery), or sound (e.g. explosion heard when burning hydrogen).

New!!: Petroleum and Exothermic process · See more »

Export Land Model

The Export Land Model, or Export-Land Model, refers to work done by Dallas geologist Jeffrey Brown, building on the work of others, and discussed widely on The Oil Drum.

New!!: Petroleum and Export Land Model · See more »

Extinction

In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.

New!!: Petroleum and Extinction · See more »

Extraction of petroleum

The extraction of petroleum is the process by which usable petroleum is drawn out from beneath the earth's surface location.

New!!: Petroleum and Extraction of petroleum · See more »

Exxon Valdez oil spill

The Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred in Prince William Sound, Alaska, March 24, 1989, when Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker owned by Exxon Shipping Company, bound for Long Beach, California, struck Prince William Sound's Bligh Reef at 12:04 am local time and spilled of crude oil over the next few days.

New!!: Petroleum and Exxon Valdez oil spill · See more »

Fat

Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.

New!!: Petroleum and Fat · See more »

Fertilizer

A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.

New!!: Petroleum and Fertilizer · See more »

Filling station

A filling station is a facility that sells fuel and engine lubricants for motor vehicles.

New!!: Petroleum and Filling station · See more »

Flame ionization detector

A flame ionization detector (FID) is a scientific instrument that measures analyte in a gas stream.

New!!: Petroleum and Flame ionization detector · See more »

Flexible-fuel vehicle

A flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV) or dual-fuel vehicle (colloquially called a flex-fuel vehicle) is an alternative fuel vehicle with an internal combustion engine designed to run on more than one fuel, usually gasoline blended with either ethanol or methanol fuel, and both fuels are stored in the same common tank.

New!!: Petroleum and Flexible-fuel vehicle · See more »

Fluid catalytic cracking

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is one of the most important conversion processes used in petroleum refineries.

New!!: Petroleum and Fluid catalytic cracking · See more »

Formaldehyde

No description.

New!!: Petroleum and Formaldehyde · See more »

Fossil

A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.

New!!: Petroleum and Fossil · See more »

Fossil fuel

A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes, such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis.

New!!: Petroleum and Fossil fuel · See more »

Fractional distillation

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions.

New!!: Petroleum and Fractional distillation · See more »

Fractionating column

A fractionating column is an essential item used in distillation of liquid mixtures so as to separate the mixture into its component parts, or fractions, based on the differences in volatilities.

New!!: Petroleum and Fractionating column · See more »

France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

New!!: Petroleum and France · See more »

Frozen food

Freezing food preserves it from the time it is prepared to the time it is eaten.

New!!: Petroleum and Frozen food · See more »

Fuel

A fuel is any material that can be made to react with other substances so that it releases energy as heat energy or to be used for work.

New!!: Petroleum and Fuel · See more »

Fuel cell vehicle

A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) or fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is a type of electric vehicle which uses a fuel cell, instead of a battery, or in combination with a battery or supercapacitor, to power its on-board electric motor.

New!!: Petroleum and Fuel cell vehicle · See more »

Fuel oil

Fuel oil (also known as heavy oil, marine fuel or furnace oil) is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue.

New!!: Petroleum and Fuel oil · See more »

Fulvic acid

Fulvic acids are a family of organic acids, natural compounds, and components of the humus (which is a fraction of soil organic matter).

New!!: Petroleum and Fulvic acid · See more »

Galápagos Islands

The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón, other Spanish name: Las Islas Galápagos), part of the Republic of Ecuador, are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the equator in the Pacific Ocean surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, west of continental Ecuador.

New!!: Petroleum and Galápagos Islands · See more »

Gas

Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).

New!!: Petroleum and Gas · See more »

Gas chromatography

Gas chromatography (GC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.

New!!: Petroleum and Gas chromatography · See more »

Gas flare

A gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, is a gas combustion device used in industrial plants such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants as well as at oil or gas production sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills.

New!!: Petroleum and Gas flare · See more »

Gas oil ratio

When oil is brought to surface conditions it is usual for some natural gas to come out of solution.

New!!: Petroleum and Gas oil ratio · See more »

Gasoline

Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines.

New!!: Petroleum and Gasoline · See more »

Geochemistry

Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.

New!!: Petroleum and Geochemistry · See more »

Geological formation

A formation or geological formation is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy.

New!!: Petroleum and Geological formation · See more »

Georgius Agricola

Georgius Agricola (24 March 1494 – 21 November 1555) was a German mineralogist and metallurgist.

New!!: Petroleum and Georgius Agricola · See more »

Geothermal gradient

Geothermal gradient is the rate of increasing temperature with respect to increasing depth in the Earth's interior.

New!!: Petroleum and Geothermal gradient · See more »

Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

New!!: Petroleum and Germany · See more »

Global warming

Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.

New!!: Petroleum and Global warming · See more »

Grease (lubricant)

Grease is a semisolid lubricant.

New!!: Petroleum and Grease (lubricant) · See more »

Greenhouse gas

A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.

New!!: Petroleum and Greenhouse gas · See more »

Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.

New!!: Petroleum and Gulf of Mexico · See more »

Hardisty

Hardisty is a town in Flagstaff County in Alberta, Canada.

New!!: Petroleum and Hardisty · See more »

Heavy crude oil

Heavy crude oil (or extra heavy crude oil) is highly-viscous oil that cannot easily flow to production wells under normal reservoir conditions.

New!!: Petroleum and Heavy crude oil · See more »

Heptane

n-Heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H3C(CH2)5CH3 or C7H16.

New!!: Petroleum and Heptane · See more »

Herodotus

Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος, Hêródotos) was a Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the fifth century BC (484– 425 BC), a contemporary of Thucydides, Socrates, and Euripides.

New!!: Petroleum and Herodotus · See more »

Hexadecane

Hexadecane (also called cetane) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C16H34.

New!!: Petroleum and Hexadecane · See more »

Hexane

Hexane is an alkane of six carbon atoms, with the chemical formula C6H14.

New!!: Petroleum and Hexane · See more »

History of ethanol fuel in Brazil

The history of ethanol fuel in Brazil dates from the 1970s and relates to Brazil's sugarcane-based ethanol fuel program, which allowed the country to become the world's second largest producer of ethanol, and the world's largest exporter.

New!!: Petroleum and History of ethanol fuel in Brazil · See more »

Homogeneity and heterogeneity

Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts often used in the sciences and statistics relating to the uniformity in a substance or organism.

New!!: Petroleum and Homogeneity and heterogeneity · See more »

Hybrid electric vehicle

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).

New!!: Petroleum and Hybrid electric vehicle · See more »

Hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing (also fracking, fraccing, frac'ing, hydrofracturing or hydrofracking) is a well stimulation technique in which rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydraulic fracturing · See more »

Hydrocarbon

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydrocarbon · See more »

Hydrocarbon exploration

Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbon deposits beneath the Earth's surface, such as oil and natural gas.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydrocarbon exploration · See more »

Hydrodesulfurization

Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydrodesulfurization · See more »

Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectricity is electricity produced from hydropower.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydroelectricity · See more »

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydrogen · See more »

Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle

A hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle (HICEV) is a type of hydrogen vehicle using an internal combustion engine.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle · See more »

Hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula H2S.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydrogen sulfide · See more »

Hydrogen vehicle

A hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as its onboard fuel for motive power.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydrogen vehicle · See more »

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.

New!!: Petroleum and Hydrolysis · See more »

I Ching

The I Ching,.

New!!: Petroleum and I Ching · See more »

Ignacy Łukasiewicz

Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist.

New!!: Petroleum and Ignacy Łukasiewicz · See more »

Imino acid

In chemistry, an imino acid is any molecule that contains both imino (>C.

New!!: Petroleum and Imino acid · See more »

India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

New!!: Petroleum and India · See more »

Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

New!!: Petroleum and Indonesia · See more »

Internal combustion engine

An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.

New!!: Petroleum and Internal combustion engine · See more »

International Energy Agency

The International Energy Agency (IEA) (Agence internationale de l'énergie) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis.

New!!: Petroleum and International Energy Agency · See more »

Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

New!!: Petroleum and Iran · See more »

Iraq

Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.

New!!: Petroleum and Iraq · See more »

Isotopes of thorium

Although thorium (90Th) has 6 naturally occurring isotopes, none of these isotopes are stable; however, one isotope, 232Th, is relatively stable, with a half-life of 1.405×1010 years, considerably longer than the age of the Earth, and even slightly longer than the generally accepted age of the universe.

New!!: Petroleum and Isotopes of thorium · See more »

Issus (river)

Issus, a river in Cilicia, Asia Minor, where Alexander the Great defeated Darius in 333 BC.

New!!: Petroleum and Issus (river) · See more »

Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

New!!: Petroleum and Italy · See more »

James Miller Williams

James Miller Williams (September 14, 1818 – November 25, 1890) was an American businessman and politician.

New!!: Petroleum and James Miller Williams · See more »

James Young (chemist)

James Young (13 July 1811 – 13 May 1883) was a Scottish chemist best known for his method of distilling paraffin from coal and oil shales.

New!!: Petroleum and James Young (chemist) · See more »

Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

New!!: Petroleum and Japan · See more »

Jasło

Jasło is a county town in south-eastern Poland with 36,641 inhabitants, as of 31 December 2012.

New!!: Petroleum and Jasło · See more »

Jet fuel

Jet fuel, aviation turbine fuel (ATF), or avtur, is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines.

New!!: Petroleum and Jet fuel · See more »

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan,; kəzɐxˈstan), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of.

New!!: Petroleum and Kazakhstan · See more »

Kerogen

Kerogen is a solid organic matter in sedimentary rocks.

New!!: Petroleum and Kerogen · See more »

Kerosene

Kerosene, also known as paraffin, lamp oil, and coal oil (an obsolete term), is a combustible hydrocarbon liquid which is derived from petroleum.

New!!: Petroleum and Kerosene · See more »

Keto acid

Keto acids or ketoacids (also called oxo acids or oxoacids) are organic compounds that contain a carboxylic acid group and a ketone group.

New!!: Petroleum and Keto acid · See more »

Kilometre

The kilometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: km; or) or kilometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one thousand metres (kilo- being the SI prefix for). It is now the measurement unit used officially for expressing distances between geographical places on land in most of the world; notable exceptions are the United States and the road network of the United Kingdom where the statute mile is the official unit used.

New!!: Petroleum and Kilometre · See more »

Korňa

Korňa is a village and municipality in Čadca District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.

New!!: Petroleum and Korňa · See more »

Kuwait

Kuwait (الكويت, or), officially the State of Kuwait (دولة الكويت), is a country in Western Asia.

New!!: Petroleum and Kuwait · See more »

Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

New!!: Petroleum and Latin · See more »

Liana

A liana is any of various long-stemmed, woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit areas of the forest.

New!!: Petroleum and Liana · See more »

Light crude oil

Light crude oil is liquid petroleum that has a low density and flows freely at room temperature.

New!!: Petroleum and Light crude oil · See more »

Lignin

Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form important structural materials in the support tissues of vascular plants and some algae. Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are cross-linked phenolic polymers.

New!!: Petroleum and Lignin · See more »

Lignite

Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat.

New!!: Petroleum and Lignite · See more »

Liquefied petroleum gas

Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.

New!!: Petroleum and Liquefied petroleum gas · See more »

Liquid

A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.

New!!: Petroleum and Liquid · See more »

List of countries by oil production

This is a list of countries by oil production, as compiled from the U.S. Energy Information Administration database for calendar year 2016, tabulating all countries on a comparable best-estimate basis.

New!!: Petroleum and List of countries by oil production · See more »

List of oil exploration and production companies

The following is a list of notable companies in the petroleum industry that are engaged in petroleum exploration and production.

New!!: Petroleum and List of oil exploration and production companies · See more »

List of oil fields

This list of oil fields includes some major oil fields of the past and present.

New!!: Petroleum and List of oil fields · See more »

List of oil spills

This is a reverse-chronological list of oil spills that have occurred throughout the world and spill(s) that are currently ongoing.

New!!: Petroleum and List of oil spills · See more »

List of rock formations

A rock formation is an isolated, scenic, or spectacular surface rock outcrop.

New!!: Petroleum and List of rock formations · See more »

Long and short scales

The long and short scales are two of several large-number naming systems for integer powers of ten that use the same words with different meanings.

New!!: Petroleum and Long and short scales · See more »

Lubbock, Texas

Lubbock is a city in and the county seat of Lubbock County, Texas, United States.

New!!: Petroleum and Lubbock, Texas · See more »

Lubricant

A lubricant is a substance, usually organic, introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move.

New!!: Petroleum and Lubricant · See more »

Lula oil field

The Lula oil field (formerly Tupi oil field) is a large oil field located in the Santos Basin, off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

New!!: Petroleum and Lula oil field · See more »

M. King Hubbert

Marion King Hubbert (October 5, 1903 – October 11, 1989) was an American geologist and geophysicist.

New!!: Petroleum and M. King Hubbert · See more »

Magma

Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.

New!!: Petroleum and Magma · See more »

Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

New!!: Petroleum and Malaysia · See more »

Manure-derived synthetic crude oil

Manure-derived synthetic crude oil is a synthetic bio-oil chemically engineered (converted) from animal or human manure.

New!!: Petroleum and Manure-derived synthetic crude oil · See more »

Marine and Petroleum Geology

Marine and Petroleum Geology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering marine and petroleum geology.

New!!: Petroleum and Marine and Petroleum Geology · See more »

Mass spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.

New!!: Petroleum and Mass spectrometry · See more »

Mechanization

Mechanization or mechanisation (British English) is the process of changing from working largely or exclusively by hand or with animals to doing that work with machinery.

New!!: Petroleum and Mechanization · See more »

Medication

A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

New!!: Petroleum and Medication · See more »

Merkwiller-Pechelbronn

Merkwiller-Pechelbronn is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

New!!: Petroleum and Merkwiller-Pechelbronn · See more »

Metal

A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.

New!!: Petroleum and Metal · See more »

Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).

New!!: Petroleum and Methane · See more »

Metre

The metre (British spelling and BIPM spelling) or meter (American spelling) (from the French unit mètre, from the Greek noun μέτρον, "measure") is the base unit of length in some metric systems, including the International System of Units (SI).

New!!: Petroleum and Metre · See more »

Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

New!!: Petroleum and Mexico · See more »

Micro hydro

Micro hydro is a type of hydroelectric power that typically produces from 5 kW to 100 kW of electricity using the natural flow of water.

New!!: Petroleum and Micro hydro · See more »

Micrococcus

Micrococcus (mi’ krō kŏk’ Əs) is a genus of bacteria in the Micrococcaceae family.

New!!: Petroleum and Micrococcus · See more »

Midstream

The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream, midstream and downstream.

New!!: Petroleum and Midstream · See more »

Midway-Sunset Oil Field

The Midway-Sunset Oil Field is a large oil field in Kern County, San Joaquin Valley, California in the United States.

New!!: Petroleum and Midway-Sunset Oil Field · See more »

Molecule

A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

New!!: Petroleum and Molecule · See more »

Monosaccharide

Monosaccharides (from Greek monos: single, sacchar: sugar), also called simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates.

New!!: Petroleum and Monosaccharide · See more »

Montara oil spill

The Montara oil spill was an oil and gas leak and subsequent slick that took place in the Montara oil field in the Timor Sea, off the northern coast of Western Australia.

New!!: Petroleum and Montara oil spill · See more »

Motor oil

Motor oil, engine oil, or engine lubricant is any of various substances comprising base oils enhanced with additives, particularly antiwear additive plus detergents, dispersants and, for multi-grade oils viscosity index improvers.

New!!: Petroleum and Motor oil · See more »

Mud

Mud is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and any combination of different kinds of soil (loam, silt, and clay).

New!!: Petroleum and Mud · See more »

MV Erika

Erika was the name of a tanker built in 1975 and last chartered by Total-Fina-Elf.

New!!: Petroleum and MV Erika · See more »

Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.

New!!: Petroleum and Myanmar · See more »

Naphtha

Naphtha is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.

New!!: Petroleum and Naphtha · See more »

Natural gas

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.

New!!: Petroleum and Natural gas · See more »

Natural gas vehicle

A natural gas vehicle (NGV) is an alternative fuel vehicle that uses compressed natural gas (CNG) or liquefied natural gas (LNG).

New!!: Petroleum and Natural gas vehicle · See more »

Natural-gas condensate

Natural-gas condensate is a low-density mixture of hydrocarbon liquids that are present as gaseous components in the raw natural gas produced from many natural gas fields.

New!!: Petroleum and Natural-gas condensate · See more »

Nevada

Nevada (see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America.

New!!: Petroleum and Nevada · See more »

Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.

New!!: Petroleum and Nigeria · See more »

Ninian

Ninian is a Christian saint first mentioned in the 8th century as being an early missionary among the Pictish peoples of what is now Scotland.

New!!: Petroleum and Ninian · See more »

Nitrate

Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the molecular formula and a molecular mass of 62.0049 u.

New!!: Petroleum and Nitrate · See more »

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.

New!!: Petroleum and Nitrogen · See more »

Nitrogen oxide

Nitrogen oxide may refer to a binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or a mixture of such compounds.

New!!: Petroleum and Nitrogen oxide · See more »

Non-renewable resource

A non-renewable resource (also called a finite resource) is a resource that does not renew itself at a sufficient rate for sustainable economic extraction in meaningful human time-frames.

New!!: Petroleum and Non-renewable resource · See more »

Nonane

Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C9H20.

New!!: Petroleum and Nonane · See more »

North Sea

The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.

New!!: Petroleum and North Sea · See more »

Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

New!!: Petroleum and Norway · See more »

Nuclear power

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.

New!!: Petroleum and Nuclear power · See more »

Ocean acidification

Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

New!!: Petroleum and Ocean acidification · See more »

Oceania

Oceania is a geographic region comprising Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and Australasia.

New!!: Petroleum and Oceania · See more »

Octane

Octane is a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)6CH3.

New!!: Petroleum and Octane · See more »

OECD

The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.

New!!: Petroleum and OECD · See more »

Oil boom

An oil boom is a period of large inflow of income as a result of high global oil prices or large oil production in an economy.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil boom · See more »

Oil burden

Oil burden is the volume of petroleum consumed, multiplied by the average price, and divided by nominal gross domestic product.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil burden · See more »

Oil campaign chronology of World War II

The oil campaign chronology of World War II lists bombing missions and related events regarding the petroleum/oil/lubrication (POL) facilities that supplied Nazi Germany.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil campaign chronology of World War II · See more »

Oil constant

Ölkonstante (Oil constant in German) is a term describing various outdated material properties of (vegetable and mineral) oils.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil constant · See more »

Oil depletion

Oil Depletion is the decline in oil production of a well, oil field, or geographic area.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil depletion · See more »

Oil field

An "oil field" or "oilfield" is a region with an abundance of oil wells extracting petroleum (crude oil) from below ground.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil field · See more »

Oil refinery

Oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed and refined into more useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil refinery · See more »

Oil reserves

Oil reserves denote the amount of crude oil that can be technically recovered at a cost that is financially feasible at the present price of oil.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil reserves · See more »

Oil sands

Oil sands, also known as tar sands or crude bitumen, or more technically bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil sands · See more »

Oil shale

Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons, called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales), can be produced.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil shale · See more »

Oil spill

An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil spill · See more »

Oil Springs, Ontario

Oil Springs is a village in Lambton County, Ontario, Canada, located along Former Provincial Highway 21 south of Oil City.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil Springs, Ontario · See more »

Oil tanker

An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a ship designed for the bulk transport of oil or its products.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil tanker · See more »

Oil well

An oil well is a boring in the Earth that is designed to bring petroleum oil hydrocarbons to the surface.

New!!: Petroleum and Oil well · See more »

Oleum

Oleum (Latin oleum, meaning oil), or fuming sulfuric acid, is a solution of various compositions of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid, or sometimes more specifically to disulfuric acid (also known as pyrosulfuric acid).

New!!: Petroleum and Oleum · See more »

OPEC

The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC,, or OPEP in several other languages) is an intergovernmental organization of nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna, Austria.

New!!: Petroleum and OPEC · See more »

OPEC Reference Basket

The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB), also referred to as the OPEC Basket, is a weighted average of prices for petroleum blends produced by OPEC members.

New!!: Petroleum and OPEC Reference Basket · See more »

Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (German: Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

New!!: Petroleum and Operation Barbarossa · See more »

Orders of magnitude (numbers)

This list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantity and probabilities.

New!!: Petroleum and Orders of magnitude (numbers) · See more »

Oregon

Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.

New!!: Petroleum and Oregon · See more »

Organic compound

In chemistry, an organic compound is generally any chemical compound that contains carbon.

New!!: Petroleum and Organic compound · See more »

Organic matter

Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter (NOM) refers to the large pool of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments.

New!!: Petroleum and Organic matter · See more »

Orinoco Belt

The Orinoco Belt is a territory in the southern strip of the eastern Orinoco River Basin in Venezuela which overlies the world's largest deposits of petroleum.

New!!: Petroleum and Orinoco Belt · See more »

Oxidative deamination

Oxidative deamination is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing compounds, and occurs largely in the liver and kidney.

New!!: Petroleum and Oxidative deamination · See more »

Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.

New!!: Petroleum and Oxygen · See more »

Paraffin wax

Paraffin wax is a white or colourless soft solid, derived from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms.

New!!: Petroleum and Paraffin wax · See more »

Parts-per notation

In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.

New!!: Petroleum and Parts-per notation · See more »

Peak oil

Peak oil is the theorized point in time when the maximum rate of extraction of petroleum is reached, after which it is expected to enter terminal decline.

New!!: Petroleum and Peak oil · See more »

Pemex

Petróleos Mexicanos, which translates to Mexican Petroleum, but is trademarked and better known as Pemex, is the Mexican state-owned petroleum company, created in 1938 by nationalization or expropriation of all private, foreign, and domestic oil companies at that time.

New!!: Petroleum and Pemex · See more »

Pentane

Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C5H12—that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms.

New!!: Petroleum and Pentane · See more »

Permeability (earth sciences)

Permeability in fluid mechanics and the earth sciences (commonly symbolized as κ, or k) is a measure of the ability of a porous material (often, a rock or an unconsolidated material) to allow fluids to pass through it.

New!!: Petroleum and Permeability (earth sciences) · See more »

Persepolis Administrative Archives

The Persepolis Fortification Archive and Persepolis Treasury Archive are two groups of clay administrative archives — sets of records physically stored together – found in Persepolis dating to the Achaemenid Persian Empire.

New!!: Petroleum and Persepolis Administrative Archives · See more »

Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf (lit), (الخليج الفارسي) is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia.

New!!: Petroleum and Persian Gulf · See more »

Pesticide

Pesticides are substances that are meant to control pests, including weeds.

New!!: Petroleum and Pesticide · See more »

Petrochemical

Petrochemicals (also known as petroleum distillates) are chemical products derived from petroleum.

New!!: Petroleum and Petrochemical · See more »

Petroleum coke

Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke or petcoke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of fuels referred to as cokes.

New!!: Petroleum and Petroleum coke · See more »

Petroleum geology

Petroleum geology is the study of origin, occurrence, movement, accumulation, and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels.

New!!: Petroleum and Petroleum geology · See more »

Petroleum industry

The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products.

New!!: Petroleum and Petroleum industry · See more »

Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan

The petroleum industry in Azerbaijan produces about of oil per day and 29 billion cubic meters of gas per year as of 2013.

New!!: Petroleum and Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan · See more »

Petroleum product

Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil (petroleum) as it is processed in oil refineries.

New!!: Petroleum and Petroleum product · See more »

Petroleum reservoir

A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface pool of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations.

New!!: Petroleum and Petroleum reservoir · See more »

Petroleum seep

A petroleum seep is a place where natural liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons escape to the earth's atmosphere and surface, normally under low pressure or flow.

New!!: Petroleum and Petroleum seep · See more »

Petroleum transport

Petroleum transport is the transportation of petroleum and derivatives such as gasoline (petrol).

New!!: Petroleum and Petroleum transport · See more »

Phase diagram

A phase diagram in physical chemistry, engineering, mineralogy, and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, volume, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct phases occur and coexist at equilibrium.

New!!: Petroleum and Phase diagram · See more »

Phenol

Phenol, also known as phenolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.

New!!: Petroleum and Phenol · See more »

Phenols

In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

New!!: Petroleum and Phenols · See more »

Picoline

Picoline refers to three different methylpyridine isomers, all with the chemical formula C6H7N and a molar mass of 93.13 g mol−1.

New!!: Petroleum and Picoline · See more »

Pipeline transport

Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods or material through a pipe.

New!!: Petroleum and Pipeline transport · See more »

Plankton

Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.

New!!: Petroleum and Plankton · See more »

Plastic

Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects.

New!!: Petroleum and Plastic · See more »

Ploiești

Ploiești (older spelling: Ploești) is a city and county seat in Prahova County, Romania.

New!!: Petroleum and Ploiești · See more »

Plug-in hybrid

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid electric vehicle whose battery can be recharged by plugging it in to an external source of electric power as well by its on-board engine and generator.

New!!: Petroleum and Plug-in hybrid · See more »

Poland

Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.

New!!: Petroleum and Poland · See more »

Pollutant

A pollutant is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource.

New!!: Petroleum and Pollutant · See more »

Polysaccharide

Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides.

New!!: Petroleum and Polysaccharide · See more »

Porosity

Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.

New!!: Petroleum and Porosity · See more »

Potassium-40

Potassium-40 (40K) is a radioactive isotope of potassium which has a very long half-life of 1.251 years.

New!!: Petroleum and Potassium-40 · See more »

Prestige oil spill

The Prestige oil spill was an oil spill in Galicia, Spain, caused by the sinking of the 26 year old structurally deficient oil tanker MV Prestige in November 2002, carrying 77,000 tonnes of heavy fuel oil.

New!!: Petroleum and Prestige oil spill · See more »

Primary energy

Primary energy (PE) is an energy form found in nature that has not been subjected to any human engineered conversion process.

New!!: Petroleum and Primary energy · See more »

Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast

Primorsk (Примо́рск; Koivisto; Björkö) is a coastal town in Vyborgsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia and is the second largest Russian port on the Baltic, after St. Petersburg.

New!!: Petroleum and Primorsk, Leningrad Oblast · See more »

Propane

Propane is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C3H8.

New!!: Petroleum and Propane · See more »

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.

New!!: Petroleum and Protein · See more »

Province of Canada

The Province of Canada (or the United Province of Canada or the United Canadas) was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867.

New!!: Petroleum and Province of Canada · See more »

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.

New!!: Petroleum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa · See more »

Pump

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action.

New!!: Petroleum and Pump · See more »

Pumpjack

A pumpjack is the overground drive for a reciprocating piston pump in an oil well.

New!!: Petroleum and Pumpjack · See more »

Pyridine

Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C5H5N.

New!!: Petroleum and Pyridine · See more »

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures in an inert atmosphere.

New!!: Petroleum and Pyrolysis · See more »

Qatar

Qatar (or; قطر; local vernacular pronunciation), officially the State of Qatar (دولة قطر), is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.

New!!: Petroleum and Qatar · See more »

Quinoline

Quinoline is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C9H7N.

New!!: Petroleum and Quinoline · See more »

Radical (chemistry)

In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron.

New!!: Petroleum and Radical (chemistry) · See more »

Radioactive decay

Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.

New!!: Petroleum and Radioactive decay · See more »

Reagent

A reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or added to test if a reaction occurs.

New!!: Petroleum and Reagent · See more »

Rearrangement reaction

A rearrangement reaction is a broad class of organic reactions where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the original molecule.

New!!: Petroleum and Rearrangement reaction · See more »

Redox

Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.

New!!: Petroleum and Redox · See more »

Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.

New!!: Petroleum and Renewable energy · See more »

Rhodococcus

Rhodococcus is a genus of aerobic, nonsporulating, nonmotile Gram-positive bacteria closely related to Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium.

New!!: Petroleum and Rhodococcus · See more »

Riddings

Riddings is a village in Derbyshire, England.

New!!: Petroleum and Riddings · See more »

Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

New!!: Petroleum and Romania · See more »

Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

New!!: Petroleum and Russia · See more »

Saline water

Saline water (more commonly known as salt water) is water that contains a high concentration of dissolved salts (mainly NaCl).

New!!: Petroleum and Saline water · See more »

Saturation (chemistry)

In chemistry, saturation (from the Latin word saturare, meaning 'to fill') has diverse meanings, all based on the idea of reaching a maximum capacity.

New!!: Petroleum and Saturation (chemistry) · See more »

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

New!!: Petroleum and Saudi Arabia · See more »

Scallop

Scallop is a common name that is primarily applied to any one of numerous species of saltwater clams or marine bivalve mollusks in the taxonomic family Pectinidae, the scallops.

New!!: Petroleum and Scallop · See more »

Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

New!!: Petroleum and Sediment · See more »

Sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.

New!!: Petroleum and Sedimentary rock · See more »

Seismology

Seismology (from Ancient Greek σεισμός (seismós) meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (-logía) meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies.

New!!: Petroleum and Seismology · See more »

Sensor

In the broadest definition, a sensor is a device, module, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor.

New!!: Petroleum and Sensor · See more »

Shetland

Shetland (Old Norse: Hjaltland), also called the Shetland Islands, is a subarctic archipelago of Scotland that lies northeast of Great Britain.

New!!: Petroleum and Shetland · See more »

Shrub

A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant.

New!!: Petroleum and Shrub · See more »

Silt

Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar.

New!!: Petroleum and Silt · See more »

Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

New!!: Petroleum and Slovakia · See more »

Smog

Smog is a type of air pollutant.

New!!: Petroleum and Smog · See more »

Solar power

Solar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), indirectly using concentrated solar power, or a combination.

New!!: Petroleum and Solar power · See more »

Solubility

Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.

New!!: Petroleum and Solubility · See more »

Solution

In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.

New!!: Petroleum and Solution · See more »

Solvent

A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute (a chemically distinct liquid, solid or gas), resulting in a solution.

New!!: Petroleum and Solvent · See more »

Sour crude oil

Sour crude oil is crude oil containing a high amount of the impurity sulfur.

New!!: Petroleum and Sour crude oil · See more »

Source rock

In petroleum geology, source rock refers to rocks from which hydrocarbons have been generated or are capable of being generated.

New!!: Petroleum and Source rock · See more »

South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.

New!!: Petroleum and South Korea · See more »

Speciality chemicals

Speciality chemicals (also called specialties or effect chemicals) are particular chemical products which provide a wide variety of effects on which many other industry sectors rely.

New!!: Petroleum and Speciality chemicals · See more »

Specific gravity

Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance; equivalently, it is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of a reference substance for the same given volume.

New!!: Petroleum and Specific gravity · See more »

SS Atlantic Empress

SS Atlantic Empress was a Greek oil tanker that in 1979 collided with the oil tanker Aegean Captain in the Caribbean, and eventually sank, having created the fifth largest oil spill on record and the largest ship-based spill.

New!!: Petroleum and SS Atlantic Empress · See more »

Standard conditions for temperature and pressure

Standard conditions for temperature and pressure are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements to be established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data.

New!!: Petroleum and Standard conditions for temperature and pressure · See more »

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

New!!: Petroleum and Stoichiometry · See more »

Stratum

In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock that were formed at the Earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.

New!!: Petroleum and Stratum · See more »

Streptomycin

Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections.

New!!: Petroleum and Streptomycin · See more »

Sulfate

The sulfate or sulphate (see spelling differences) ion is a polyatomic anion with the empirical formula.

New!!: Petroleum and Sulfate · See more »

Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.

New!!: Petroleum and Sulfur · See more »

Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula.

New!!: Petroleum and Sulfur dioxide · See more »

Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.

New!!: Petroleum and Sulfuric acid · See more »

Sullom Voe

Sullom Voe is an inlet between North Mainland and Northmavine on Shetland in Scotland.

New!!: Petroleum and Sullom Voe · See more »

Sweet crude oil

Sweet crude oil is a type of petroleum.

New!!: Petroleum and Sweet crude oil · See more »

Tanker (ship)

A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk.

New!!: Petroleum and Tanker (ship) · See more »

Tapis crude

Tapis crude is a Malaysian crude oil used as a pricing benchmark in Singapore.

New!!: Petroleum and Tapis crude · See more »

Tar

Tar is a dark brown or black viscous liquid of hydrocarbons and free carbon, obtained from a wide variety of organic materials through destructive distillation.

New!!: Petroleum and Tar · See more »

Tar pit

A tar pit, or more accurately an asphalt pit or asphalt lake, is the result of a type of petroleum seep where subterranean bitumen leaks to the surface, creating a large area of natural asphalt.

New!!: Petroleum and Tar pit · See more »

Tectonophysics (journal)

Tectonophysics, The International Journal of Geotectonics and the Geology and Physics of the Interior of the Earth is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.

New!!: Petroleum and Tectonophysics (journal) · See more »

Teknisk Ukeblad

Teknisk Ukeblad (TU, Technical Weekly Magazine) is Norwegian engineering magazine.

New!!: Petroleum and Teknisk Ukeblad · See more »

Thermal depolymerization

Thermal depolymerization (TDP) is a depolymerization process using hydrous pyrolysis for the reduction of complex organic materials (usually waste products of various sorts, often biomass and plastic) into light crude oil.

New!!: Petroleum and Thermal depolymerization · See more »

Tiber Oil Field

No description.

New!!: Petroleum and Tiber Oil Field · See more »

Tight oil

Tight oil (also known as shale oil, shale-hosted oil or light tight oil, abbreviated LTO) is light crude oil contained in petroleum-bearing formations of low permeability, often shale or tight sandstone.

New!!: Petroleum and Tight oil · See more »

Torbanite

Torbanite, also known as boghead coal, is a variety of fine-grained black oil shale.

New!!: Petroleum and Torbanite · See more »

Torrey Canyon oil spill

The Torrey Canyon oil spill was one of the world's most serious oil spills.

New!!: Petroleum and Torrey Canyon oil spill · See more »

Total petroleum hydrocarbon

Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) is a term used for any mixture of hydrocarbons that are found in crude oil.

New!!: Petroleum and Total petroleum hydrocarbon · See more »

Tree

In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species.

New!!: Petroleum and Tree · See more »

Trinidad and Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is a twin island sovereign state that is the southernmost nation of the West Indies in the Caribbean.

New!!: Petroleum and Trinidad and Tobago · See more »

Tropospheric ozone

Ozone (O3) is a constituent of the troposphere (it is also an important constituent of some regions of the stratosphere commonly known as the ozone layer).

New!!: Petroleum and Tropospheric ozone · See more »

Unconventional oil

Unconventional oil is petroleum produced or extracted using techniques other than the conventional (oil well) method.

New!!: Petroleum and Unconventional oil · See more »

United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE; دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة), sometimes simply called the Emirates (الإمارات), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.

New!!: Petroleum and United Arab Emirates · See more »

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

New!!: Petroleum and United Kingdom · See more »

United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

New!!: Petroleum and United States · See more »

Unresolved complex mixture

Unresolved complex mixture (also UCM or hump) is a feature frequently observed in gas chromatographic (GC) data of crude oils and extracts from organisms exposed to oil.

New!!: Petroleum and Unresolved complex mixture · See more »

Upstream (petroleum industry)

The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream (or exploration and production- E&P), midstream and downstream.

New!!: Petroleum and Upstream (petroleum industry) · See more »

Uranium-235

Uranium-235 (235U) is an isotope of uranium making up about 0.72% of natural uranium.

New!!: Petroleum and Uranium-235 · See more »

Uranium-238

Uranium-238 (238U or U-238) is the most common isotope of uranium found in nature, with a relative abundance of 99%.

New!!: Petroleum and Uranium-238 · See more »

Urea-formaldehyde

Urea-formaldehyde, also known as urea-methanal, so named for its common synthesis pathway and overall structure, is a non-transparent thermosetting resin or polymer.

New!!: Petroleum and Urea-formaldehyde · See more »

Vanadium

Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23.

New!!: Petroleum and Vanadium · See more »

Venezuela

Venezuela, officially denominated Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela),Previously, the official name was Estado de Venezuela (1830–1856), República de Venezuela (1856–1864), Estados Unidos de Venezuela (1864–1953), and again República de Venezuela (1953–1999).

New!!: Petroleum and Venezuela · See more »

Viscosity

The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.

New!!: Petroleum and Viscosity · See more »

Volatility (chemistry)

In chemistry and physics, volatility is quantified by the tendency of a substance to vaporize.

New!!: Petroleum and Volatility (chemistry) · See more »

Washington (state)

Washington, officially the State of Washington, is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

New!!: Petroleum and Washington (state) · See more »

Waste oil

Waste oil is defined as any petroleum-based or synthetic oil that, through contamination, has become unsuitable for its original purpose due to the presence of impurities or loss of original properties.

New!!: Petroleum and Waste oil · See more »

Water associated fraction

The water associated fraction (WAF), sometimes termed the water-soluble fraction (W.S.F.), is the solution of low molecular mass hydrocarbons naturally released from petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures in contact with water.

New!!: Petroleum and Water associated fraction · See more »

Water injection (oil production)

In the oil industry, waterflooding or water injection is where water is injected into the oil field, usually to increase pressure and thereby stimulate production.

New!!: Petroleum and Water injection (oil production) · See more »

Water stagnation

Water stagnation occurs when water stops flowing.

New!!: Petroleum and Water stagnation · See more »

Wax

Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.

New!!: Petroleum and Wax · See more »

West Lothian

West Lothian (Wast Lowden, Lodainn an Iar) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and one of its historic counties.

New!!: Petroleum and West Lothian · See more »

West Texas Intermediate

West Texas Intermediate (WTI), also known as Texas light sweet, is a grade of crude oil used as a benchmark in oil pricing.

New!!: Petroleum and West Texas Intermediate · See more »

Western Canadian Select

Western Canadian Select is one of North America’s largest heavy crude oil streams.

New!!: Petroleum and Western Canadian Select · See more »

Western States Petroleum Association

Western States Petroleum Association (WSPA) is a non-profit trade association that represents companies that account for the bulk of petroleum exploration, production, refining, transportation and marketing in the six western states of Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon and Washington.

New!!: Petroleum and Western States Petroleum Association · See more »

Whale oil

Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales.

New!!: Petroleum and Whale oil · See more »

Whaling

Whaling is the hunting of whales for scientific research and their usable products like meat, oil and blubber.

New!!: Petroleum and Whaling · See more »

Wietze

Wietze is a municipality in the district of Celle, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

New!!: Petroleum and Wietze · See more »

Wind power

Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to mechanically power generators for electricity.

New!!: Petroleum and Wind power · See more »

Woody plant

A woody plant is a plant that produces wood as its structural tissue.

New!!: Petroleum and Woody plant · See more »

World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

New!!: Petroleum and World War II · See more »

Yenangyaung

Yenangyaung (ရေနံချောင်း; literally "stream of oil") is a city in Myanmar, Magway Division.

New!!: Petroleum and Yenangyaung · See more »

Zakynthos

Zakynthos (Ζάκυνθος, Zákynthos, Zacìnto) or Zante (Τζάντε, Tzánte, Zante; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.

New!!: Petroleum and Zakynthos · See more »

Zooplankton

Zooplankton are heterotrophic (sometimes detritivorous) plankton.

New!!: Petroleum and Zooplankton · See more »

1980s oil glut

The 1980s oil glut was a serious surplus of crude oil caused by falling demand following the 1970s energy crisis.

New!!: Petroleum and 1980s oil glut · See more »

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane or iso-octane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2.

New!!: Petroleum and 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane · See more »

Redirects here:

All-petroleum, All-petroleum vehicle, Alternatives to petroleum, Black gold (Oil), Black gold (oil), Brend Blend, Conventional oil, Conventional vehicle, Crude Oil, Crude oil, Crude petroleum, Environmental effects of petroleum, Formation of petroleum, Fossil oil, Fossil-oil, Medium fuel oil, Oil - Enviromental Impact, Pampetro, Pan-petroliferous, Patrolium, Petro-diesel, Petrofree, Petrofuel, Petroholic, Petrol oil, Petroleum accumulation, Petroleum car, Petroleum fuel, Petroleum fuel vehicle, Petroleum fuels, Petroleum generation, Petroleum maturation, Petroleum vehicle, Petroleum-based fuel, Petrolium, Petroplitics, Raw oil, Raw petroleum, Used Oil, Vehicle fuel, World oil consumption.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum

Unionpedia is a concept map or semantic network organized like an encyclopedia – dictionary. It gives a brief definition of each concept and its relationships.

This is a giant online mental map that serves as a basis for concept diagrams. It's free to use and each article or document can be downloaded. It's a tool, resource or reference for study, research, education, learning or teaching, that can be used by teachers, educators, pupils or students; for the academic world: for school, primary, secondary, high school, middle, technical degree, college, university, undergraduate, master's or doctoral degrees; for papers, reports, projects, ideas, documentation, surveys, summaries, or thesis. Here is the definition, explanation, description, or the meaning of each significant on which you need information, and a list of their associated concepts as a glossary. Available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Polish, Dutch, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Swedish, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Catalan, Czech, Hebrew, Danish, Finnish, Indonesian, Norwegian, Romanian, Turkish, Vietnamese, Korean, Thai, Greek, Bulgarian, Croatian, Slovak, Lithuanian, Filipino, Latvian, Estonian and Slovenian. More languages soon.

All the information was extracted from Wikipedia, and it's available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.

Unionpedia is not endorsed by or affiliated with the Wikimedia Foundation.

Google Play, Android and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Privacy Policy

OutgoingIncoming