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Wrangel Island

Index Wrangel Island

Wrangel Island (p) is an island in the Arctic Ocean, between the Chukchi Sea and East Siberian Sea. [1]

198 relations: Ada Blackjack, Admiralty chart, Air mass, American Museum of Natural History, Anchorage Daily News, Arctic, Arctic fox, Arctic Ocean, Argillite, BBC News, Beluga whale, Bering Strait, Bird, Black Sea, Boris Vilkitsky, Bowhead whale, Breccia, Canada, Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1916, Carboniferous, Carl J. Lomen, Cassandra Clare, César Cascabel, Cenozoic, Charles Evans Hughes, Chert, Chertov Ovrag, China, Chlorite group, Chukchi Peninsula, Chukchi people, Chukchi Sea, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, City of Heavenly Fire, Clay, Colluvium, Conglomerate (geology), Coordinate system, Cossacks, Crinoid, Dalian, Diabase, Dike (geology), Dolomite, Dwarf elephant, East Siberian Sea, Eduard Dallmann, Eduard Shevardnadze, Eluvium, Eskimo, ..., FactCheck.org, Far Eastern Federal District, Felsic, Ferdinand von Wrangel, Fluvial, Foehn wind, Fog, Forest, Frost, Fyodor Litke (1909 icebreaker), Gabbro, George W. De Long, Granite, Gravel, Gray whale, Gray wolf, Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Harbin, Henry Kellett, Herald Island (Arctic), HMS Herald (1822), Homo sapiens, Iñupiat, Ice age, Icebreaker, International Congress of Americanists, International Date Line, Intrusive rock, Island, Israel, Ivory, James Baker, John Muir, Jules Verne, King & Winge (fishing schooner), Kobe, Krachai, Last voyage of the Karluk, Lemming, Limestone, List of environmental ministries, List of islands of Russia, List of World Heritage Sites in Russia, Lists of World Heritage Sites in Asia, Long Strait, Malta, Mammoth, Mammoth steppe, Maritime boundary, Meridian (geography), Mesozoic, Metaconglomerate, Metamorphic rock, Metavolcanic rock, Michael E. Krauss, Midnight sun, Molecular Ecology, Mongolia, Moscow, Mud, Muskox, Mutational meltdown, National Geographic, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Natural history, Neogene, New Siberian Islands, Nome, Alaska, North Pole, Order of the Red Banner of Labour, Paleo-Eskimo, Permian, Pinniped, Plant, Pleistocene, Pliocene, Point Hope, Alaska, Polar bear, Polar climate, Precambrian, Prehistory, Project Gutenberg, Proterozoic, Providence Bay, Quartz, Quartzite, Quaternary extinction event, Radiocarbon dating, Raoul Wallenberg, Reindeer, Relict, Robert Bartlett (explorer), Russia, Russian Arctic islands, Russian Empire, Russian Navy, Sand, Sandstone, Schist, Schooner, Sea ice, Seattle, Sediment, Sedimentary rock, Sericite, Sevastopol, Siberia, Siberian Yupik, Sill (geology), Siltstone, Silurian, Slate, Soviet Union, State Duma, Suifenhe, Taymyr (1909 icebreaker), The Florida Times-Union, Time (magazine), Toggling harpoon, Triassic, Tundra, Turbidite, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United States, United States Department of State, United States Revenue Cutter Service, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Ushakovskoye, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, USRC Thomas Corwin (1876), USS Jeannette (1878), USS Rodgers (1879), USSR–USA Maritime Boundary Agreement, Vaygach (1909 icebreaker), Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Vladivostok, Volcano, Walrus, Weather station, Whaler, Whaling, Wiley-Blackwell, Woolly mammoth, World Heritage Committee, World Heritage site, Yuri Rytkheu, Zapovednik, 180th meridian, 68th parallel north. Expand index (148 more) »

Ada Blackjack

Ada Blackjack (née Delutuk; 1898 – May 29, 1983) was an Iñupiat woman who lived for two years as a castaway on uninhabited Wrangel Island north of Siberia.

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Admiralty chart

Admiralty charts are nautical charts issued by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) and subject to Crown Copyright.

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Air mass

In meteorology, an air mass is a volume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content.

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American Museum of Natural History

The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH), located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is one of the largest museums in the world.

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Anchorage Daily News

The Anchorage Daily News is a daily newspaper published by the Binkley Group, and based in Anchorage, Alaska.

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Arctic

The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.

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Arctic fox

The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), also known as the white fox, polar fox, or snow fox, is a small fox native to the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and common throughout the Arctic tundra biome.

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Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans.

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Argillite

Argillite is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed predominantly of indurated clay particles.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Beluga whale

The beluga whale or white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean.

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Bering Strait

The Bering Strait (Берингов пролив, Beringov proliv, Yupik: Imakpik) is a strait of the Pacific, which borders with the Arctic to north.

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Bird

Birds, also known as Aves, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.

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Boris Vilkitsky

Boris Andreyevich Vilkitsky (Борис Андреевич Вилькицкий) (22 March (3 April N.S.) 1885 – 6 March 1961) was a Russian hydrographer and surveyor.

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Bowhead whale

The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is a species of the family Balaenidae, in suborder Mysticeti, and genus Balaena, which once included the right whale.

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Breccia

Breccia is a rock composed of broken fragments of minerals or rock cemented together by a fine-grained matrix that can be similar to or different from the composition of the fragments.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1916

The Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913–1916 was a scientific expedition in the Arctic Circle organized and led by Vilhjalmur Stefansson.

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Carboniferous

The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, Mya.

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Carl J. Lomen

Carl Joys Lomen (July 13, 1880 - August 16, 1965) was an American entrepreneur and photographer.

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Cassandra Clare

Judith Lewis (née Rumelt, born July 27, 1973), better known by her pen name Cassandra Clare, is an American author of young adult fiction, best known for her bestselling series ''The Mortal Instruments''.

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César Cascabel

César Cascabel is a novel written by Jules Verne in 1890.

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Cenozoic

The Cenozoic Era meaning "new life", is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras, following the Mesozoic Era and, extending from 66 million years ago to the present day.

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Charles Evans Hughes

Charles Evans Hughes Sr. (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was an American statesman, Republican politician, and the 11th Chief Justice of the United States.

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Chert

Chert is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline silica, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2).

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Chertov Ovrag

Chertov Ovrag is an archaeological site on the Russian arctic island of Vrangelya (Wrangel).

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chlorite group

The chlorites are a group of phyllosilicate minerals.

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Chukchi Peninsula

The Chukchi Peninsula (or Chukotka Peninsula or Chukotski Peninsula) (Чуко́тский полуо́стров, Чуко́тка), at about 66° N 172° W, is the eastmost peninsula of Asia.

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Chukchi people

The Chukchi, or Chukchee (Чукчи, sg. Чукча), are an indigenous people inhabiting the Chukchi Peninsula and the shores of the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea region of the Arctic Ocean within the Russian Federation.

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Chukchi Sea

Chukchi Sea (p) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean.

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Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (p; Chukchi: Чукоткакэн автономныкэн округ, Chukotkaken avtonomnyken okrug) or Chukotka (Чуко́тка) is a federal subject (an autonomous okrug) of Russia.

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City of Heavenly Fire

City of Heavenly Fire is a young adult fantasy romance novel, the sixth and final installment in The Mortal Instruments series, and chronologically the twelfth installment in The Shadowhunter Chronicles franchise by Cassandra Clare.

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Clay

Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with possible traces of quartz (SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO etc.) and organic matter.

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Colluvium

Colluvium (also colluvial material or colluvial soil) is a general name for loose, unconsolidated sediments that have been deposited at the base of hillslopes by either rainwash, sheetwash, slow continuous downslope creep, or a variable combination of these processes.

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Conglomerate (geology)

Conglomerate is a coarse-grained clastic sedimentary rock that is composed of a substantial fraction of rounded to subangular gravel-size clasts, e.g., granules, pebbles, cobbles, and boulders, larger than in diameter.

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Coordinate system

In geometry, a coordinate system is a system which uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space.

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Cossacks

Cossacks (козаки́, translit, kozaky, казакi, kozacy, Czecho-Slovak: kozáci, kozákok Pronunciations.

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Crinoid

Crinoids are marine animals that make up the class Crinoidea of the echinoderms (phylum Echinodermata).

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Dalian

Dalian is a major city and seaport in the south of Liaoning Province, China.

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Diabase

Diabase or dolerite or microgabbro is a mafic, holocrystalline, subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or plutonic gabbro.

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Dike (geology)

A dike or dyke, in geological usage, is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body.

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Dolomite

Dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally The term is also used for a sedimentary carbonate rock composed mostly of the mineral dolomite.

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Dwarf elephant

Dwarf elephants are prehistoric members of the order Proboscidea which, through the process of allopatric speciation on islands, evolved much smaller body sizes (around 1.5-2.3 metres) in comparison with their immediate ancestors.

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East Siberian Sea

The East Siberian Sea (r) is a marginal sea in the Arctic Ocean.

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Eduard Dallmann

Eduard Dallmann (born 11 March 1830 in Blumenthal, close to Bremen; died 23 December 1896 in the same place) was a German whaler, trader and Polar explorer.

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Eduard Shevardnadze

Eduard Ambrosiyevich Shevardnadze (ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე, Eduard Ambrosis dze Šewardnadze; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Georgian politician and diplomat.

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Eluvium

In geology, eluvium or eluvial deposits are those geological deposits and soils that are derived by in situ weathering or weathering plus gravitational movement or accumulation.

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Eskimo

Eskimo is an English term for the indigenous peoples who have traditionally inhabited the northern circumpolar region from eastern Siberia (Russia) to across Alaska (of the United States), Canada, and Greenland.

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FactCheck.org

FactCheck.org is a nonprofit non-partisan website that describes itself as a "consumer advocate for voters that aims to reduce the level of deception and confusion in U.S. politics".

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Far Eastern Federal District

The Far Eastern Federal District (Дальневосто́чный федера́льный о́круг, Dalnevostochny federalny okrug) is the largest of the eight federal districts of Russia but the least populated, with a population of 6,293,129 (74.8% urban) according to the 2010 Census.

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Felsic

In geology, felsic refers to igneous rocks that are relatively rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz.

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Ferdinand von Wrangel

Baron Ferdinand Friedrich Georg Ludwig von Wrangel (Фердина́нд Петро́вич Вра́нгель, Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel; –) was a Russian explorer and seaman of Baltic German ancestry, Honorable Member of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, a founder of the Russian Geographic Society.

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Fluvial

In geography and geology, fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them.

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Foehn wind

A föhn or foehn is a type of dry, warm, down-slope wind that occurs in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range.

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Fog

Fog is a visible aerosol consisting of minute water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface.

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Forest

A forest is a large area dominated by trees.

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Frost

Frost is the coating or deposit of ice that may form in humid air in cold conditions, usually overnight.

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Fyodor Litke (1909 icebreaker)

The icebreaker Fyodor Litke (SKR-18, Фёдор Литке, СКР-18) was active in the Soviet era in the Arctic, until the late 1950s.

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Gabbro

Gabbro refers to a large group of dark, often phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rocks chemically equivalent to basalt, being its coarse-grained analogue.

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George W. De Long

George Washington De Long (August 22, 1844 – October 31, 1881) was a United States Navy officer and explorer.

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Granite

Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture.

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Gravel

Gravel is a loose aggregation of rock fragments.

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Gray whale

The gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus), also known as the grey whale,Britannica Micro.: v. IV, p. 693.

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Gray wolf

The gray wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the timber wolf,Paquet, P. & Carbyn, L. W. (2003).

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Great Soviet Encyclopedia

The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (GSE; Большая советская энциклопедия, БСЭ, Bolshaya sovetskaya entsiklopediya) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published by the Soviet state from 1926 to 1990, and again since 2002 by Russia (under the name Bolshaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya or Great Russian Encyclopedia).

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Harbin

Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang province, and largest city in the northeastern region of the People's Republic of China.

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Henry Kellett

Vice Admiral Sir Henry Kellett (2 November 1806 – 1 March 1875) was a British naval officer and explorer.

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Herald Island (Arctic)

Herald Island (Остров Геральд, Ostrov Gerald) is a small, isolated Russian island in the Chukchi Sea, to the east of Wrangel Island.

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HMS Herald (1822)

HMS Herald was an ''Atholl''-class 28-gun sixth-rate corvette of the Royal Navy.

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Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens is the systematic name used in taxonomy (also known as binomial nomenclature) for the only extant human species.

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Iñupiat

The Iñupiat (or Inupiaq) are a native Alaskan people, whose traditional territory spans Norton Sound on the Bering Sea to the Canada–United States border.

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Ice age

An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers.

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Icebreaker

An icebreaker is a special-purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters, and provide safe waterways for other boats and ships.

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International Congress of Americanists

The International Congress of Americanists (ICA) is an international academic conference for research in multidisciplinary studies of the Americas.

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International Date Line

The International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary line of demarcation on the surface of Earth that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole and demarcates the change of one calendar day to the next.

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Intrusive rock

Intrusive rock (also called plutonic rock) is formed when magma crystallizes and solidifies underground to form intrusions, for example plutons, batholiths, dikes, sills, laccoliths, and volcanic necks.

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Island

An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Ivory

Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally elephants') and teeth of animals, that can be used in art or manufacturing.

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James Baker

James Addison Baker III (born April 28, 1930) is an American attorney and political figure.

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John Muir

John Muir (April 21, 1838 – December 24, 1914) also known as "John of the Mountains" and "Father of the National Parks", was an influential Scottish-American naturalist, author, environmental philosopher, glaciologist and early advocate for the preservation of wilderness in the United States.

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Jules Verne

Jules Gabriel Verne (Longman Pronunciation Dictionary.; 8 February 1828 – 24 March 1905) was a French novelist, poet, and playwright.

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King & Winge (fishing schooner)

The King & Winge was one of the most famous ships ever built in Seattle, Washington, United States.

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Kobe

is the sixth-largest city in Japan and the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture.

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Krachai

A legend prevalent among the Chukchi people of Siberia tells of a chief Krachai (or Krächoj, Krahay, Khrakhai), who fled with his people (the Krachaians or Krahays, also identified as the Onkilon or Omoki--Siberian Yupik people) across the ice to settle in a northern land.

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Last voyage of the Karluk

The last voyage of the Karluk, flagship of the Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913–16, ended with the loss of the ship in the Arctic seas, and the subsequent deaths of nearly half her complement of 25.

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Lemming

A lemming is a small rodent usually found in or near the Arctic in tundra biomes.

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Limestone

Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.

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List of environmental ministries

An environmental ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for the environment and/or natural resources.

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List of islands of Russia

This is a list of islands of Russia.

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List of World Heritage Sites in Russia

This a list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Russia.

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Lists of World Heritage Sites in Asia

The following are lists of World Heritage Sites in Asia.

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Long Strait

The Long Strait (пролив Лонга; Proliv Longa) is a body of water in the Russian Federation.

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Malta

Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Mammoth

A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, proboscideans commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair.

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Mammoth steppe

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the mammoth steppe was the Earth’s most extensive biome.

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Maritime boundary

A maritime boundary is a conceptual division of the Earth's water surface areas using physiographic or geopolitical criteria.

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Meridian (geography)

A (geographical) meridian (or line of longitude) is the half of an imaginary great circle on the Earth's surface, terminated by the North Pole and the South Pole, connecting points of equal longitude.

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Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about.

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Metaconglomerate

Metaconglomerate is a rock type which originated from conglomerate after undergoing metamorphism.

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Metamorphic rock

Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock types, in a process called metamorphism, which means "change in form".

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Metavolcanic rock

In geology, metavolcanic rock is a type of metamorphic rock.

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Michael E. Krauss

Michael E. Krauss (born August 15, 1934) is an American linguist, professor emeritus, founder and long-time head of the Alaska Native Language Center.

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Midnight sun

The midnight sun is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the sun remains visible at the local midnight.

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Molecular Ecology

Molecular Ecology is a twice monthly scientific journal covering investigations that use molecular genetic techniques to address questions in ecology, evolution, behavior, and conservation.

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Mongolia

Mongolia (Monggol Ulus in Mongolian; in Mongolian Cyrillic) is a landlocked unitary sovereign state in East Asia.

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Moscow

Moscow (a) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.1 million within the urban area.

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Mud

Mud is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and any combination of different kinds of soil (loam, silt, and clay).

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Muskox

The muskox (Ovibos moschatus), also spelled musk ox and musk-ox (in ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃ, umingmak), is an Arctic hoofed mammal of the family Bovidae, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives.

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Mutational meltdown

Mutational meltdown (not to be confused with the concept of an error catastrophe) is the accumulation of harmful mutations in a small population, which leads to loss of fitness and decline of the population size, which may lead to further accumulation of deleterious mutations due to fixation by genetic drift.

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National Geographic

National Geographic (formerly the National Geographic Magazine and branded also as NAT GEO or) is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced, like "Noah") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere.

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Natural history

Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms including animals, fungi and plants in their environment; leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study.

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Neogene

The Neogene (informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya.

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New Siberian Islands

The New Siberian Islands (r; translit) are an archipelago in the Extreme North of Russia, to the North of the East Siberian coast between the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Sea north of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic.

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Nome, Alaska

Nome (Siqnazuaq) is a city in the Nome Census Area in the Unorganized Borough of the U.S. state of Alaska.

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North Pole

The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is (subject to the caveats explained below) defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface.

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Order of the Red Banner of Labour

The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (translit) was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to the Soviet state and society in the fields of production, science, culture, literature, the arts, education, health, social and other spheres of labour activities.

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Paleo-Eskimo

The Paleo-Eskimo (also pre-Thule or pre-Inuit) were the peoples who inhabited the Arctic region from Chukotka (e.g., Chertov Ovrag) in present-day Russia across North America to Greenland prior to the arrival of the modern Inuit (Eskimo) and related cultures.

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Permian

The Permian is a geologic period and system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic period 251.902 Mya.

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Pinniped

Pinnipeds, commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals.

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Plant

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.

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Pleistocene

The Pleistocene (often colloquially referred to as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's most recent period of repeated glaciations.

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Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP.

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Point Hope, Alaska

Point Hope (Tikiġaq) is a city in North Slope Borough, Alaska, United States.

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Polar bear

The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a hypercarnivorous bear whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle, encompassing the Arctic Ocean, its surrounding seas and surrounding land masses.

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Polar climate

The polar climate regions are characterized by a lack of warm summers.

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Precambrian

The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pЄ, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.

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Prehistory

Human prehistory is the period between the use of the first stone tools 3.3 million years ago by hominins and the invention of writing systems.

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Project Gutenberg

Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks".

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Proterozoic

The Proterozoic is a geological eon representing the time just before the proliferation of complex life on Earth.

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Providence Bay

Providence Bay (Бу́хта Провиде́ния, Bukhta Provideniya) is a fjord in the southern coast of the Chukchi Peninsula of northeastern Siberia.

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Quartz

Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.

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Quartzite

Quartzite (from Quarzit) is a hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone.

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Quaternary extinction event

The Quaternary period saw the extinctions of numerous predominantly megafaunal species, which resulted in a collapse in faunal density and diversity, and the extinction of key ecological strata across the globe.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Raoul Wallenberg

Raoul Gustaf Wallenberg (born 4 August 1912, death date unknown)He is presumed to have died in 1947, although the circumstances of his death are not clear and this date has been disputed.

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Reindeer

The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), also known as the caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, sub-Arctic, tundra, boreal and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia and North America.

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Relict

A relict is a surviving remnant of a natural phenomenon.

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Robert Bartlett (explorer)

Captain Robert "Bob" Abram Bartlett (August 15, 1875 – April 28, 1946) was a Newfoundland-American Arctic explorer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Arctic islands

The Russian Arctic islands are a number of islands groups and sole islands scattered around the Arctic Ocean.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russian Navy

The Russian Navy (r, lit. Military-Maritime Fleet of the Russian Federation) is the naval arm of the Russian Armed Forces.

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Sand

Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.

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Sandstone

Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) mineral particles or rock fragments.

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Schist

Schist (pronounced) is a medium-grade metamorphic rock with medium to large, flat, sheet-like grains in a preferred orientation (nearby grains are roughly parallel).

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Schooner

A schooner is a type of sailing vessel with fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts.

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Sea ice

Sea ice arises as seawater freezes.

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Seattle

Seattle is a seaport city on the west coast of the United States.

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Sediment

Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice, and/or by the force of gravity acting on the particles.

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Sedimentary rock

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and within bodies of water.

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Sericite

Sericite is a fine grained mica, similar to muscovite, illite, or paragonite.

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Sevastopol

Sevastopol (Севастополь; Севасто́поль; Акъяр, Aqyar), traditionally Sebastopol, is the largest city on the Crimean Peninsula and a major Black Sea port.

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Siberia

Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.

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Siberian Yupik

Siberian Yupiks, or Yuits, are a Yupik Eskimo people who reside along the coast of the Chukchi Peninsula in the far northeast of the Russian Federation and on St. Lawrence Island in Alaska.

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Sill (geology)

In geology, a sill is a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock.

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Siltstone

Siltstone is a sedimentary rock which has a grain size in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones.

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Silurian

The Silurian is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya.

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Slate

Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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State Duma

The State Duma (r), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Госду́ма (Gosduma), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house is the Council of the Federation.

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Suifenhe

Suifenhe is a county-level city in southeastern Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, located situated where the former Chinese Eastern Railway crosses the border with Russia's town of Pogranichny, Primorsky Krai.

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Taymyr (1909 icebreaker)

The Taymyr was an icebreaking steamer of 1200 tons built for the Russian Imperial Navy at St. Petersburg in 1909.

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The Florida Times-Union

The Florida Times-Union is a major daily newspaper in Jacksonville, Florida, United States.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Toggling harpoon

The toggling harpoon is an ancient weapon and tool used in whaling to impale a whale when thrown.

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Triassic

The Triassic is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period Mya.

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Tundra

In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.

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Turbidite

A turbidite is the geologic deposit of a turbidity current, which is a type of sediment gravity flow responsible for distributing vast amounts of clastic sediment into the deep ocean.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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United States Revenue Cutter Service

The United States Revenue Cutter Service was established by an act of Congress on 4 August 1790 as the Revenue-Marine upon the recommendation of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton to serve as an armed customs enforcement service.

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University of Alaska Fairbanks

The University of Alaska Fairbanks (also referred to as UAF or Alaska) is a public research university in Fairbanks, Alaska, United States.

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Ushakovskoye, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Ushakovskoye (Ушаковское) was a rural locality (a selo) on the south east coast of Wrangel Island, Shmidtovsky District in the Russian Arctic that was deserted in 2003.

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USRC Thomas Corwin (1876)

The Thomas Corwin was a United States Revenue Cutter and subsequently a merchant vessel.

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USS Jeannette (1878)

USS Jeannette was a naval exploration vessel which, under the command of George W. De Long, undertook an ill-fated 1879–1881 voyage to the Arctic.

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USS Rodgers (1879)

USS Rodgers was a steamship in the United States Navy acquired to search for ''Jeannette'' in 1881.

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USSR–USA Maritime Boundary Agreement

The Russia – United States maritime boundary de facto follows the June 1, 1990 USA/USSR Maritime Boundary Agreement (since Russia declared itself to be the successor of the Soviet Union), but it has yet to be approved by the Russian parliament.

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Vaygach (1909 icebreaker)

Icebreaker Vaygach (Вайгач) was an icebreaking steamer of moderate size built for the Russian Imperial Navy at St. Petersburg in 1909.

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Vilhjalmur Stefansson

Vilhjalmur Stefansson (Vilhjálmur Stefánsson) (November 3, 1879 – August 26, 1962) was a Canadian Arctic explorer and ethnologist.

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Vladivostok

Vladivostok (p, literally ruler of the east) is a city and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, located around the Golden Horn Bay, not far from Russia's borders with China and North Korea.

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Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

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Walrus

The walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) is a large flippered marine mammal with a discontinuous distribution about the North Pole in the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere.

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Weather station

A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate.

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Whaler

A whaler or whaling ship is a specialized ship, designed for whaling: the catching or processing of whales.

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Whaling

Whaling is the hunting of whales for scientific research and their usable products like meat, oil and blubber.

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Wiley-Blackwell

Wiley-Blackwell is the international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.

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Woolly mammoth

The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) is an extinct species of mammoth that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, and was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with Mammuthus subplanifrons in the early Pliocene.

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World Heritage Committee

The World Heritage Committee selects the sites to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the World Heritage List and the List of World Heritage in Danger, monitors the state of conservation of the World Heritage properties, defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial assistance upon requests from States Parties.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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Yuri Rytkheu

Yuri Sergeyevich Rytkheu (Ю́рий Серге́евич Рытхэ́у,, Chukchi: Ю́рий Серге́евич Рытгэ́в, 8 March 1930 – 14 May 2008) was a Chukchi writer, who wrote in both his native Chukchi and in Russian.

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Zapovednik

Zapovednik (заповедник, plural заповедники, from the Russian заповедный, "sacred, prohibited from disturbance, committed, committed ") is an established term on the territory of the former Soviet Union for a protected area which is kept "forever wild".

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180th meridian

The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° east or west of the Prime Meridian, with which it forms a great circle dividing the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.

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68th parallel north

The 68th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 68 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane, in the Arctic.

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Redirects here:

Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve, Second Stefansson expedition, Vrangel Island, Vrangelia, Vrangelya, Vrangelya Island, Wrangel Island arctic desert, Wrangel Island, Russia, Wrangel island, Wrangell Island (Northern), Wrangell Island, Russia, Wrangell Islands, Wrangle Island, Остров Вра́нгеля.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrangel_Island

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