Table of Contents
61 relations: Adjective, Adjective phrase, Adjunct (grammar), Adposition, Adpositional phrase, Argument (linguistics), Auxiliary verb, C-command, Complement (linguistics), Complementizer, Constituent (linguistics), Dependent clause, Endocentric and exocentric, English language, Generalized phrase structure grammar, Generative grammar, Government and binding theory, Head (linguistics), Head-directionality parameter, Head-driven phrase structure grammar, Inflection, Interrogative word, Japanese language, Lexeme, Lexical functional grammar, Lexicon, Linguistic typology, Linguistics, Logical form (linguistics), Merge (linguistics), Minimalist program, Natural language, Noam Chomsky, Node (linguistics), Noun, Noun phrase, Parse tree, Part of speech, Phonetic form, Phrase, Phrase structure grammar, Phrase structure rules, Plato's problem, Poverty of the stimulus, Principles and parameters, Question, Ray Jackendoff, Small clause, Subjacency, Subject–auxiliary inversion, ... Expand index (11 more) »
- Linguistic units
- Syntactic categories
- Syntactic relationships
- Syntactic theories
Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated adj.) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase.
See X-bar theory and Adjective
Adjective phrase
An adjective phrase (or adjectival phrase) is a phrase whose head is an adjective. X-bar theory and adjective phrase are grammar and syntactic categories.
See X-bar theory and Adjective phrase
Adjunct (grammar)
In linguistics, an adjunct is an optional, or structurally dispensable, part of a sentence, clause, or phrase that, if removed or discarded, will not structurally affect the remainder of the sentence.
See X-bar theory and Adjunct (grammar)
Adposition
Adpositions are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, behind, ago, etc.) or mark various semantic roles (of, for). X-bar theory and Adposition are generative syntax.
See X-bar theory and Adposition
Adpositional phrase
An adpositional phrase is a syntactic category that includes prepositional phrases, postpositional phrases, and circumpositional phrases. X-bar theory and adpositional phrase are grammar and syntactic categories.
See X-bar theory and Adpositional phrase
Argument (linguistics)
In linguistics, an argument is an expression that helps complete the meaning of a predicate, the latter referring in this context to a main verb and its auxiliaries. X-bar theory and argument (linguistics) are grammar.
See X-bar theory and Argument (linguistics)
Auxiliary verb
An auxiliary verb (abbreviated) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.
See X-bar theory and Auxiliary verb
C-command
In generative grammar and related frameworks, a node in a parse tree c-commands its sister node and all of its sister's descendants. X-bar theory and c-command are generative syntax and syntactic relationships.
See X-bar theory and C-command
Complement (linguistics)
In grammar, a complement is a word, phrase, or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression.
See X-bar theory and Complement (linguistics)
Complementizer
In linguistics (especially generative grammar), a complementizer or complementiser (glossing abbreviation) is a functional category (part of speech) that includes those words that can be used to turn a clause into the subject or object of a sentence. X-bar theory and complementizer are syntactic categories.
See X-bar theory and Complementizer
Constituent (linguistics)
In syntactic analysis, a constituent is a word or a group of words that function as a single unit within a hierarchical structure. X-bar theory and constituent (linguistics) are generative syntax.
See X-bar theory and Constituent (linguistics)
Dependent clause
A dependent clause, also known as a subordinate clause, subclause or embedded clause, is a certain type of clause that juxtaposes an independent clause within a complex sentence.
See X-bar theory and Dependent clause
Endocentric and exocentric
In theoretical linguistics, a distinction is made between endocentric and exocentric constructions. X-bar theory and endocentric and exocentric are generative syntax and syntactic relationships.
See X-bar theory and Endocentric and exocentric
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See X-bar theory and English language
Generalized phrase structure grammar
Generalized phrase structure grammar (GPSG) is a framework for describing the syntax and semantics of natural languages. X-bar theory and Generalized phrase structure grammar are syntactic theories.
See X-bar theory and Generalized phrase structure grammar
Generative grammar
Generative grammar is a research tradition in linguistics that aims to explain the cognitive basis of language by formulating and testing explicit models of humans' subconscious grammatical knowledge. X-bar theory and Generative grammar are grammar.
See X-bar theory and Generative grammar
Government and binding theory
Government and binding (GB, GBT) is a theory of syntax and a phrase structure grammar in the tradition of transformational grammar developed principally by Noam Chomsky in the 1980s. X-bar theory and Government and binding theory are generative syntax and syntactic relationships.
See X-bar theory and Government and binding theory
Head (linguistics)
In linguistics, the head or nucleus of a phrase is the word that determines the syntactic category of that phrase.
See X-bar theory and Head (linguistics)
Head-directionality parameter
In linguistics, head directionality is a proposed parameter that classifies languages according to whether they are head-initial (the head of a phrase precedes its complements) or head-final (the head follows its complements). X-bar theory and head-directionality parameter are generative syntax.
See X-bar theory and Head-directionality parameter
Head-driven phrase structure grammar
Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. X-bar theory and Head-driven phrase structure grammar are syntactic theories.
See X-bar theory and Head-driven phrase structure grammar
Inflection
In linguistic morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, mood, animacy, and definiteness. X-bar theory and inflection are grammar and linguistics terminology.
See X-bar theory and Inflection
Interrogative word
An interrogative word or question word is a function word used to ask a question, such as what, which, when, where, who, whom, whose, why, whether and how.
See X-bar theory and Interrogative word
Japanese language
is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people.
See X-bar theory and Japanese language
Lexeme
A lexeme is a unit of lexical meaning that underlies a set of words that are related through inflection. X-bar theory and lexeme are linguistics terminology.
Lexical functional grammar
Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a constraint-based grammar framework in theoretical linguistics. X-bar theory and Lexical functional grammar are syntactic theories.
See X-bar theory and Lexical functional grammar
Lexicon
A lexicon (plural: lexicons, rarely lexica) is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). X-bar theory and lexicon are linguistics and linguistics terminology.
Linguistic typology
Linguistic typology (or language typology) is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison. X-bar theory and linguistic typology are syntactic relationships.
See X-bar theory and Linguistic typology
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
See X-bar theory and Linguistics
Logical form (linguistics)
In generative grammar and related approaches, the logical form (LF) of a linguistic expression is the variant of its syntactic structure which undergoes semantic interpretation. X-bar theory and logical form (linguistics) are generative syntax, grammar and linguistics.
See X-bar theory and Logical form (linguistics)
Merge (linguistics)
Merge is one of the basic operations in the Minimalist Program, a leading approach to generative syntax, when two syntactic objects are combined to form a new syntactic unit (a set). X-bar theory and Merge (linguistics) are generative syntax.
See X-bar theory and Merge (linguistics)
Minimalist program
In linguistics, the minimalist program is a major line of inquiry that has been developing inside generative grammar since the early 1990s, starting with a 1993 paper by Noam Chomsky. X-bar theory and minimalist program are generative syntax and syntactic theories.
See X-bar theory and Minimalist program
Natural language
In neuropsychology, linguistics, and philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that occurs naturally in a human community by a process of use, repetition, and change without conscious planning or premeditation. X-bar theory and natural language are linguistics terminology.
See X-bar theory and Natural language
Noam Chomsky
Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American professor and public intellectual known for his work in linguistics, political activism, and social criticism.
See X-bar theory and Noam Chomsky
Node (linguistics)
In formal syntax, a node is a point in a tree diagram or syntactic tree that can be assigned a syntactic category label. X-bar theory and node (linguistics) are generative syntax, grammar, linguistic units, linguistics, linguistics terminology, phrases and syntactic relationships.
See X-bar theory and Node (linguistics)
Noun
In grammar, a noun is a word that represents a concrete or abstract thing, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, and ideas. X-bar theory and noun are grammar.
Noun phrase
A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun. X-bar theory and noun phrase are phrases and syntactic categories.
See X-bar theory and Noun phrase
Parse tree
A parse tree or parsing tree (also known as a derivation tree or concrete syntax tree) is an ordered, rooted tree that represents the syntactic structure of a string according to some context-free grammar. X-bar theory and parse tree are generative syntax.
See X-bar theory and Parse tree
Part of speech
In grammar, a part of speech or part-of-speech (abbreviated as POS or PoS, also known as word class or grammatical category) is a category of words (or, more generally, of lexical items) that have similar grammatical properties. X-bar theory and part of speech are grammar.
See X-bar theory and Part of speech
Phonetic form
In the field of linguistics, specifically in syntax, phonetic form (PF), also known as phonological form or the articulatory-perceptual (A-P) system, is a certain level of mental representation of a linguistic expression, derived from surface structure, and related to Logical Form.
See X-bar theory and Phonetic form
Phrase
In grammar, a phrasecalled expression in some contextsis a group of words or singular word acting as a grammatical unit. X-bar theory and phrase are phrases and syntactic categories.
Phrase structure grammar
The term phrase structure grammar was originally introduced by Noam Chomsky as the term for grammar studied previously by Emil Post and Axel Thue (Post canonical systems). X-bar theory and phrase structure grammar are generative syntax.
See X-bar theory and Phrase structure grammar
Phrase structure rules
Phrase structure rules are a type of rewrite rule used to describe a given language's syntax and are closely associated with the early stages of transformational grammar, proposed by Noam Chomsky in 1957. X-bar theory and Phrase structure rules are generative syntax, phrases, syntactic categories, syntactic relationships and syntactic theories.
See X-bar theory and Phrase structure rules
Plato's problem
Plato's problem is the term given by Noam Chomsky to "the problem of explaining how we can know so much" given our limited experience.
See X-bar theory and Plato's problem
Poverty of the stimulus
In linguistics, Poverty of the stimulus (POS) arguments are arguments that children are not exposed to rich enough data within their linguistic environments to acquire every feature of their language.
See X-bar theory and Poverty of the stimulus
Principles and parameters
Principles and parameters is a framework within generative linguistics in which the syntax of a natural language is described in accordance with general principles (i.e. abstract rules or grammars) and specific parameters (i.e. markers, switches) that for particular languages are either turned on or off. X-bar theory and principles and parameters are generative syntax.
See X-bar theory and Principles and parameters
Question
A question is an utterance which serves as a request for information. X-bar theory and question are grammar.
Ray Jackendoff
Ray Jackendoff (born January 23, 1945) is an American linguist.
See X-bar theory and Ray Jackendoff
Small clause
In linguistics, a small clause consists of a subject and its predicate, but lacks an overt expression of tense.
See X-bar theory and Small clause
Subjacency
Subjacency is a general syntactic locality constraint on movement. X-bar theory and Subjacency are generative syntax.
See X-bar theory and Subjacency
Subject–auxiliary inversion
Subject–auxiliary inversion (SAI; also called subject–operator inversion) is a frequently occurring type of inversion in the English language whereby a finite auxiliary verb – taken here to include finite forms of the copula be – appears to "invert" (change places) with the subject.
See X-bar theory and Subject–auxiliary inversion
Syntactic category
A syntactic category is a syntactic unit that theories of syntax assume. X-bar theory and syntactic category are syntactic categories.
See X-bar theory and Syntactic category
Syntactic movement
Syntactic movement is the means by which some theories of syntax address discontinuities.
See X-bar theory and Syntactic movement
Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences. X-bar theory and syntax are grammar and linguistics terminology.
Transformational grammar
In linguistics, transformational grammar (TG) or transformational-generative grammar (TGG) is part of the theory of generative grammar, especially of natural languages. X-bar theory and transformational grammar are generative syntax.
See X-bar theory and Transformational grammar
Universal grammar
Universal grammar (UG), in modern linguistics, is the theory of the innate biological component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky.
See X-bar theory and Universal grammar
Variable (mathematics)
In mathematics, a variable (from Latin variabilis, "changeable") is a symbol that represents a mathematical object.
See X-bar theory and Variable (mathematics)
Verb
A verb is a word (part of speech) that in syntax generally conveys an action (bring, read, walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand).
Verb phrase
In linguistics, a verb phrase (VP) is a syntactic unit composed of a verb and its arguments except the subject of an independent clause or coordinate clause. X-bar theory and verb phrase are syntactic categories.
See X-bar theory and Verb phrase
Wh-movement
In linguistics, wh-movement (also known as wh-fronting, wh-extraction, or wh-raising) is the formation of syntactic dependencies involving interrogative words. X-bar theory and wh-movement are generative syntax and syntactic relationships.
See X-bar theory and Wh-movement
Word order
In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language. X-bar theory and word order are syntactic relationships.
See X-bar theory and Word order
Zellig Harris
Zellig Sabbettai Harris (October 23, 1909 – May 22, 1992) was an influential American linguist, mathematical syntactician, and methodologist of science.
See X-bar theory and Zellig Harris
See also
Linguistic units
- Catena (linguistics)
- Consonants
- Dictema
- Emic and etic units
- List of language subsystems
- Monosyllable
- Morphemes
- Node (linguistics)
- Phonemes
- Segment (linguistics)
- Speechome
- Syllable
- Syntagma (linguistics)
- Tagmeme
- Universal Dependencies
- Viseme
- Vocative expression
- Vowels
- X-bar theory
Syntactic categories
- Adjective phrase
- Adpositional phrase
- Adverbial clause
- Adverbial phrase
- Causative
- Clause
- Clauses
- Complementizer
- Contraction (grammar)
- Determiner
- Grammatical modifier
- Noun phrase
- Parts of speech
- Phrase
- Phrase structure rules
- Syntactic category
- Verb phrase
- X-bar theory
Syntactic relationships
- Agreement (linguistics)
- Anaphora (linguistics)
- Answer ellipsis
- Antecedent (grammar)
- Antisymmetry
- Binding (linguistics)
- Bound variable pronoun
- C-command
- Center embedding
- Coordination (linguistics)
- Coreference
- Crossover effects
- Determiner phrase
- Discontinuity (linguistics)
- Dislocation (syntax)
- Dynamic antisymmetry
- Ellipsis (linguistics)
- Endocentric and exocentric
- Extraposition
- Government (linguistics)
- Government and binding theory
- Grammatical relation
- Horror aequi
- Lexical rule
- Linguistic empathy
- Linguistic typology
- Locality (linguistics)
- M-command
- Nearest referent
- Node (linguistics)
- Noun ellipsis
- Phi features
- Phrase structure rules
- Pied-piping
- Pied-piping with inversion
- Pseudogapping
- Raising (syntax)
- Reference
- Remarks on Nominalization
- Specified subject condition
- Subordination (linguistics)
- Tensed-S condition
- Time–manner–place
- Tough movement
- Valency (linguistics)
- Wh-movement
- Whiz deletion
- Word order
- X-bar theory
Syntactic theories
- Feature (linguistics)
- Generalized phrase structure grammar
- Head-driven phrase structure grammar
- Lexical functional grammar
- Minimalist program
- Phrase structure rules
- X-bar theory
References
Also known as Affix hopping, Affix movement, Agr (linguistics), AgrP, Agreement phrase, AgreementP, Binarity Principle, CP Hypothesis, Headedness Principle, IP Hypothesis, Infl, InflP, Inflection phrase, Inflectional phrase, Intermediate projection, Maximal projection, N bar, N-bar, Projection (linguistics), Specifier (linguistics), Tense phrase, TenseP, Tensed I, X', X' theory, X-bar schema, X-bar syntax, Zero-level projection.