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262 relations: Afghanistan, Afrin, Syria, AK-103, AK-104, AK-47, AK-63, AK-74, AKM, Al-Bab District, Al-Darbasiyah, Al-Hasakah Governorate, Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–13), Al-Malikiyah, Al-Malikiyah District, Al-Nusra Front, Al-Qaeda, Al-Sanadid Forces, Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016), Al-Yaarubiyah, Aleppo Governorate, Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016), AMD-65, Amnesty International, Amuda, AN/PEQ-2, AN/PVS-7, Anti-materiel rifle, Anti-tank missile, Anti-tank warfare, Anti-Terror Units, Armoured fighting vehicle, Army of Revolutionaries, Asayish (DFNS regions), Assault rifle, Assyrian people, Australian labour movement, Barnsley, Battle of al-Hasakah (2015), Battle of al-Hasakah (2016), Battle of al-Yaarubiyah, Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016), Battle of Ramadi (2014–15), Battle of Raqqa (2017), Battle of Ras al-Ayn, Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015), Battle of Tabqa (2017), Battle of Tell Abyad (2013), Battle of Tell Abyad (2016), Battle rifle, BBC News, ..., Beretta M12, BGM-71 TOW, Birkenhead, Blaser R93 Tactical, Bournemouth, Brigade, British people, Browning Hi-Power, Buffalo, New York, Business Insider, California, Canada, Canadian Armed Forces, Canberra, Carbine, Chichester, Citizenship of the United States, Close air support, Colorado, Combat helmet, Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve, December 2014 Sinjar offensive, Deir ez-Zor, Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, Democratic Union Party (Syria), DFNS–Syria relations, Director of National Intelligence, Donald Trump, Dragunov (SVD-63) sniper rifle, DShK, Eastern al-Hasakah offensive, England, Euphrates Region, Euphrates Volcano, Fath Safir, FB Tantal, FGM-148 Javelin, Firat News Agency, Flashlight, Florida, FN FAL, FN MAG, France, Free Syrian Army, General-purpose machine gun, Geneva Call, Germany, Ghuraba al-Sham, Glock, GP-25, Grenade launcher, Heavy machine gun, Heckler & Koch MP5, Holographic weapon sight, Humvee, Improvised explosive device, Improvised fighting vehicle, Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, Industrial Workers of the World, Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War, International Freedom Battalion, Iraq, Iraqi Civil War (2014–present), Islamic state, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Jabhat al-Akrad, Jane's Information Group, Jazira Region, Jihadism, Jindires, Jordan Matson, Keswick, Ontario, Kobanî, KPV heavy machine gun, Kurdish National Council, Kurdish Supreme Committee, Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present), Kurdistan Free Life Party, Kurdistan Regional Government, Kurdistan Workers' Party, Kurds, Kurds in Syria, Levant Front, Light infantry, Light machine gun, List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War, List of laser applications, Ljubljana, M16 rifle, M1919 Browning machine gun, M1938 mortar, M2 Browning, M249 light machine gun, M4 carbine, M79 Osa, Macer Gifford, Main battle tank, Makarov pistol, Malestroit, Manbij, Manbij offensive, Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (Turkey), Maryamin, Afrin, Maryland, Matthew Gardiner, Media of Syria, Medium machine gun, Menagh Military Airbase, MILAN, Milkor MGL, Mk 19 grenade launcher, Mortar (weapon), Mosin–Nagant, Mountain Hawks Brigade, Netherlands, New York (state), Night vision device, Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016), Northern Kurdish, Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016), November 2015 Sinjar offensive, Ocala, Florida, Occupy Wall Street, Ourense, People's Protection Units, Peshmerga, Pistol, Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965, PK machine gun, Portuguese people, PSL (rifle), Qamishli, Raqqa, Raqqa campaign (2016–2017), Raqqa Governorate, Ras al-Ayn, Recoilless rifle, Regiment, Reuters, Rheinmetall MG 3, Rifle, Rocket-propelled grenade, RPG-7, RPK, Rudaw Media Network, Saddam Hussein, Salafi movement, Santa Cruz, California, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian Civil War, Siege of Kobanî, Sinjar Mountains, Slovenia, Sniper, Sniper rifle, Socialist Republic of Romania, Spain, SPG-9, STANAG magazine, Steyr AUG, Steyr HS .50, Submachine gun, Sutoro, Syria, Syriac Military Council, Syrian Civil War, Syrian Democratic Forces, Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, Syrian opposition, T-54/T-55, T-72, Tabuk Sniper Rifle, Technical (vehicle), Telesur (TV channel), Tell Abyad, Tell Abyad offensive, Tell Hamis, Tell Tamer, Tishrin Dam offensive, Toyota Hilux, Turkey, Turkish military operation in Afrin, Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army, Type 56 assault rifle, Type 69 RPG, Ultimax 100, United Kingdom, United Nations, United Nations Security Council, United States Army, United States Department of State, Vehicle armour, Vice (magazine), West Sussex, Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016), Western al-Hasakah offensive, Women's Protection Units, Xinhua News Agency, Yazidis, YPG–FSA relations, Zastava M72, Zastava M84, Zijiang M99, 101st Airborne Division, 120-PM-43 mortar, 2004 Qamishli riots, 2015 al-Hawl offensive, 82-BM-37, 9K111 Fagot, 9K115-2 Metis-M, 9M113 Konkurs. 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Afghanistan
Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.
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Afrin, Syria
Afrin (translit; Efrîn or Afrîn; ܥܦܪܝܢ) is a district as well as a city in northern Syria.
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AK-103
The AK-103 assault rifle is a derivative of the AK-74M chambered for the 7.62×39mm M43 round, similar to the older AKM.
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AK-104
The AK-104 is a shortened carbine version of the AK-103 rifle.
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AK-47
The AK-47, or AK as it is officially known, also known as the Kalashnikov, is a gas-operated, 7.62×39mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov.
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AK-63
The AK-63 (also known in Hungarian military service as the AMM) is a Hungarian variant of the AKM assault rifle manufactured by the Fegyver- és Gépgyár (FÉG) state arms plant in Hungary.
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AK-74
The AK-74 (Russian: Автомат Калашникова образца 1974 года or "Kalashnikov automatic rifle model 1974") is an assault rifle developed in the early 1970s by Russian designer Mikhail Kalashnikov as the replacement for the earlier AKM (itself a refined version of the AK-47). It uses a smaller 5.45×39mm cartridge, replacing the 7.62×39mm chambering of earlier Kalashnikov-pattern weapons. The rifle first saw service with Soviet forces engaged in the 1979 Afghanistan conflict.Woźniak, Ryszard: Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 1 A-F, page 25. Bellona, 2001. The head of the Afghan bureau of the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence claimed that the CIA paid $5,000 for the first AK-74 captured by the Mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War. Presently, the rifle continues to be used by the majority of countries of the former Soviet Union. Additionally, licensed copies were produced in Bulgaria (AK-74, AKS-74 and AKS-74U), and the former East Germany (MPi-AK-74N, MPi-AKS-74N, MPi-AKS-74NK).Cutshaw, Charlie: The New World of Russian Small Arms & Ammo, page 92. Paladin Press, 1998.McNab, Chris: The AK47 (Weapons of War), page 25. Spellmount Publishers, 2001. Besides former Soviet republics and eastern European countries, Mongolia, North Korean Special Forces, and Vietnamese People's Naval infantry use AK-74s.
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AKM
The AKM is a 7.62mm assault rifle designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov.
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Al-Bab District
al-Bab District (manṭiqat al-Bāb) is a district of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria.
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Al-Darbasiyah
Al-Darbasiyah (الدرباسية, Dirbêsiyê, ܕܪܒܐܣܝܐ) is a Syrian town on the Syrian-Turkish border opposite the Turkish town of Senyurt.
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Al-Hasakah Governorate
Al-Hasakah Governorate (Muḥāfaẓat al-Ḥasakah, Parêzgeha Hesîçe, Huparkiyo d'Ḥasake, also known as Gozarto) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria.
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Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–13)
The al-Hasakah Governorate campaign was a multi-sided military conflict between Syrian government forces, Kurdish forces, armed Syrian opposition groups, and Salafist jihadist forces, including al-Qaeda's Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and the al-Nusra Front in the al-Hasakah Governorate as part of the Syrian Civil War.
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Al-Malikiyah
Al-Malikiyah (المالكية, ܕܪܝܟ, Dayrik, Dêrika Hemko) is a small Syrian city and the center of an administrative district belonging to Al-Hasakah Governorate.
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Al-Malikiyah District
al-Malikiyah District (manṭiqat al-Mālikiyah) is a district of al-Hasakah Governorate in northeastern Syria.
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Al-Nusra Front
Al-Nusra Front or Jabhat al-Nusra (جبهة النصرة.), known as Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (جبهة فتح الشام, transliteration: Jabhat Fataḥ al-Šām) after July 2016, and also described as al-Qaeda in Syria or al-Qaeda in the Levant, was a Salafist jihadist organization fighting against Syrian government forces in the Syrian Civil War.
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Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda (القاعدة,, translation: "The Base", "The Foundation" or "The Fundament" and alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qæda and sometimes al-Qa'ida) is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988.
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Al-Sanadid Forces
The Forces of the Brave (translit), generally called the al-Sanadid Forces, are a militia formed by the Arab Shammar tribe to fight against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
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Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)
The al-Shaddadi offensive (2016), also known as Operation Wrath of Khabur, was an offensive launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) during the Syrian Civil War, in February 2016.
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Al-Yaarubiyah
Al-Yaarubiyah (اليعربية) (Tilkoçer) is a town in al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria.
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Aleppo Governorate
Aleppo Governorate (محافظة حلب / ALA-LC: Muḥāfaẓat Ḥalab /) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria.
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Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)
The Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016), code named Operation Dawn of Victory by government forces, was a successful military offensive launched by the Syrian Armed Forces and allied groups against rebel-held districts in Aleppo.
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AMD-65
AMD-65 (Hungarian: Automata Módosított Deszant 1965; Automatic Modified Paratrooper) is a Hungarian-manufactured licensed variant of the venerable AKM rifle for use by that nation's armored infantry and paratrooper ("descent") units.
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Amnesty International
Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.
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Amuda
Amuda ('Āmūdā, Amûdê, ܥܐܡܘܕܐ) is a town in Al Hasakah Governorate in northeastern Syria close to the border with Turkey.
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AN/PEQ-2
The AN/PEQ-2 Advanced Target Pointer/Illuminator/Aiming Light (ATPIAL) is a laser sight for use on rifles fitted with a Picatinny rail.
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AN/PVS-7
The AN/PVS-7 is a single tube night vision device.
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Anti-materiel rifle
An anti-materiel rifle (AMR) is a rifle that is designed for use against military equipment (materiel), rather than against other combatants ("anti-personnel").
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Anti-tank missile
An anti-tank missile (ATM), anti-tank guided missile (ATGM), anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon, is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles.
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Anti-tank warfare
Anti-tank warfare arose as a result of the need to develop technology and tactics to destroy tanks during World War I. Since the first tanks were developed by the Triple Entente in 1916 but not operated in battle until 1917, the first anti-tank weapons were developed by the German Empire.
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Anti-Terror Units
The Anti-Terror Units (Yekîneyên Antî Teror, short: YAT, وحدات مكافحة الأرهاب) are the special forces of the Syrian Democratic Forces, consisting of the best trained and equipped members of the People's Protection Units (YPG) and Women's Protection Units (YPJ).
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Armoured fighting vehicle
An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is an armed combat vehicle protected by armour, generally combining operational mobility with offensive and defensive capabilities.
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Army of Revolutionaries
The Army of Revolutionaries (Jayš al-Thuwwār), or Jaysh al-Thuwar, is a multi-ethnic armed Syrian rebel coalition that is allied with the primarily Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) and participating in the Syrian Civil War as part of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF).
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Asayish (DFNS regions)
The Asayîş or Asayish (الأسايش, ܐܣܐܝܝܫ, Kurdish for Security) is the police force of the autonomous cantons within the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria.
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Assault rifle
An assault rifle is a selective-fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine.
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Assyrian people
Assyrian people (ܐܫܘܪܝܐ), or Syriacs (see terms for Syriac Christians), are an ethnic group indigenous to the Middle East.
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Australian labour movement
The Australian labour movement has its origins in the early 19th century and includes both trade unions and political activity.
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Barnsley
Barnsley (locally) is a town in South Yorkshire, England, located halfway between Leeds and Sheffield.
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Battle of al-Hasakah (2015)
The Battle of Al-Hasakah (2015) started as an offensive launched in the Al-Hasakah Governorate during the Syrian Civil War, in which the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS) attempted to capture the city of Al-Hasakah, which was divided into two areas held separately by the Syrian Armed Forces and the Kurdish YPG.
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Battle of al-Hasakah (2016)
The Battle of al-Hasakah (2016) was a battle between the paramilitary police of the Asayish and the People's Protection Units (YPG), against the pro-government National Defence Forces and the Syrian Arab Army, backed by the Syrian Arab Air Force, in the city of al-Hasakah, Syria.
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Battle of al-Yaarubiyah
The Battle of al-Yaarubiyah was fought in late October 2013 at al-Yaarubiyah, a strategically important town at the border of Syria with Iraq.
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Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)
The Battle of Aleppo (معركة حلب) was a major military confrontation in Aleppo, the largest city in Syria, between the Syrian opposition (including the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and other largely-Sunni groups, such as the Levant Front and the Al-Qaeda-affiliated Al-Nusra Front) against the government of Bashar al-Assad, supported by Hezbollah, Shia militias and Russia, and against the Kurdish People's Protection Units. The battle began on 19 July 2012 and was part of the ongoing Syrian Civil War. A stalemate that had been in place for four years finally ended in July 2016, when Syrian government troops closed the rebels' last supply line into Aleppo with the support of Russian airstrikes. In response, rebel forces launched unsuccessful counteroffensives in September and October that failed to break the siege; in November, government forces embarked on a decisive campaign that resulted in the recapture of all of Aleppo by December 2016. The Syrian government victory was widely seen as a potential turning point in Syria's civil war. The large scale devastation of the battle and its importance led combatants to name it the "mother of battles" or "Syria's Stalingrad". The battle was marked by widespread violence against civilians, alleged repeated targeting of hospitals and schools (mostly by pro-government Air Forces and to a lesser extent by the rebels), and indiscriminate aerial strikes and shelling against civilian areas. It was also marked by the inability of the international community to resolve the conflict peacefully. The UN special envoy to Syria proposed to end the battle by giving East Aleppo autonomy, but the idea was rejected by the Syrian government. Hundreds of thousands of residents were displaced by the fighting and efforts to provide aid to civilians or facilitate evacuation were routinely disrupted by continued combat and mistrust between the opposing sides. Various claims of war crimes emerged during the battle, including the use of chemical weapons by both Syrian government forces and rebel forces, the use barrel bombs by the Syrian Air Force, the dropping of cluster munitions on populated areas by Russian and Syrian forces, the carrying out of "double tap" airstrikes to target rescue workers responding to previous strikes, summary executions of civilians and captured soldiers by both sides, indiscriminate shelling and use of highly inaccurate improvised artillery by rebel forces. During the 2016 Syrian government offensive, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights warned that "crimes of historic proportions" were being committed in Aleppo. Fighting also caused severe destruction to the Old City of Aleppo, a UNESCO World Heritage site. An estimated 33,500 buildings have been either damaged or destroyed. After four years of fighting, the battle represents one of the longest sieges in modern warfare and one of the bloodiest battles of the Syrian Civil War, leaving an estimated 31,000 people dead, almost a tenth of the estimated overall war casualties at that time.
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Battle of Ramadi (2014–15)
The Battle of Ramadi (2014–15), also called the Fall of Ramadi or Battle of Abu Muhannad Al Sweidawi, was part of an ISIL offensive to capture all of the Anbar Province.
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Battle of Raqqa (2017)
The 2017 Battle of Raqqa was the fifth and final phase of the Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State (ISIL) with an aim to seize the city of Raqqa, the de facto capital of ISIL since 2014.
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Battle of Ras al-Ayn
The Battle of Ras al-Ayn was a battle for control of the town of Ras al-Ayn (Serê Kaniyê), mainly between Kurdish fighters and armed Islamist Syrian opposition groups, with the occasional involvement of the Syrian Armed Forces.
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Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)
The Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015) was a military operation during 2015 in the northeastern Aleppo Governorate, during the Syrian Civil War, in which the Kurdish YPG and Free Syrian Army forces captured the town of Sarrin and the surrounding region from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
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Battle of Tabqa (2017)
The Battle of Tabqa (2017) was an operation, part of the Raqqa campaign (2016–2017), dubbed Operation Wrath of Euphrates, against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) to recapture and secure Tabqa Dam, al-Thawrah city (Tabqa), Tabqa Airbase, and the surrounding countryside from ISIL.
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Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)
The Battle of Tell Abyad was a military confrontation in the town of Tell Abyad between the Kurdish Front Brigade and the PYD-affiliated YPG and YPJ against the al-Qaeda-affiliated al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and against Salafist Ahrar al-Sham.
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Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)
The Battle of Tel Abyad was a raid by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant on the YPG-held town of Tell Abyad at the end of February 2016, during the Syrian Civil War.
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Battle rifle
"Battle rifle" is a post-World War II term for military service rifles that are fed ammunition via detachable magazines and fire a full-powered rifle cartridge.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.
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Beretta M12
The Beretta Model 12 is a 9×19mm Parabellum caliber submachine gun designed by Beretta.
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BGM-71 TOW
The BGM-71 TOW ("Tube-launched, Optically tracked, Wire-guided") is an American anti-tank missile.
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Birkenhead
Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England.
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Blaser R93 Tactical
The Blaser R93 Tactical is a German sniper rifle, based on the Blaser R93 design.
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Bournemouth
Bournemouth is a large coastal resort town on the south coast of England to the east of the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site, long.
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Brigade
A brigade is a major tactical military formation that is typically composed of three to six battalions plus supporting elements.
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British people
The British people, or the Britons, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.
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Browning Hi-Power
The Browning Hi Power is a single-action, semi-automatic handgun available in the 9mm and.40 S&W calibers.
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Buffalo, New York
Buffalo is the second largest city in the state of New York and the 81st most populous city in the United States.
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Business Insider
Business Insider is an American financial and business news website that also operates international editions in the UK, Australia, China, Germany, France, South Africa, India, Italy, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Netherlands, Nordics, Poland, Spanish and Singapore.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Canada
Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.
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Canadian Armed Forces
The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF; Forces armées canadiennes, FAC), or Canadian Forces (CF) (Forces canadiennes, FC), are the unified armed forces of Canada, as constituted by the National Defence Act, which states: "The Canadian Forces are the armed forces of Her Majesty raised by Canada and consist of one Service called the Canadian Armed Forces." This unified institution consists of sea, land, and air elements referred to as the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF).
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Canberra
Canberra is the capital city of Australia.
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Carbine
A carbine, from French carabine, is a long gun firearm but with a shorter barrel than a rifle or musket.
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Chichester
Chichester is a cathedral city in West Sussex, in South-East England.
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Citizenship of the United States
Citizenship of the United States is a status that entails specific rights, duties and benefits.
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Close air support
In military tactics, close air support (CAS) is defined as air action such as air strikes by fixed or rotary-winged aircraft against hostile targets that are in close proximity to friendly forces and which requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and movement of these forces and attacks with aerial bombs, glide bombs, missiles, rockets, aircraft cannons, machine guns, and even directed-energy weapons such as lasers.
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Colorado
Colorado is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.
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Combat helmet
A combat helmet or battle helmet is a type of helmet, a piece of personal armor designed specifically to protect the head during combat.
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Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve
Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF–OIR) is the Joint Task Force established by the US-led international coalition against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), set up by the US Central Command to coordinate military efforts against ISIL (Da'esh), and is composed of US military forces and personnel from over 30 countries.
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December 2014 Sinjar offensive
The Sinjar offensive was a combination of operations of Kurdish Peshmerga, PKK and People's Protection Units forces in December 2014, to recapture regions formerly lost to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in their August offensive.
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Deir ez-Zor
Deir ez-Zor (دير الزور Dayr az-Zūr; Syriac: ܕܝܪܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ Dayrāʾ Zəʿōrtāʾ) is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country.
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Democratic Federation of Northern Syria
The Democratic Federation of Northern Syria (DFNS), commonly known as Rojava, is a de facto autonomous region in northern Syria.
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Democratic Union Party (Syria)
The Democratic Union Party or PYD (Partiya Yekîtiya Demokrat; translit; translit) is a Kurdish democratic confederalist political party established on 20 September 2003 in northern Syria.
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DFNS–Syria relations
DFNS–Syrian Arab Republic relations concern the military and political relations between the forces of the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic and those of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, a de facto autonomous Kurdish-majority region in Northern Syria.
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Director of National Intelligence
The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) is the United States government Cabinet-level official—subject to the authority, direction, and control of the President of the United States—required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to.
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Donald Trump
Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017.
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Dragunov (SVD-63) sniper rifle
The Dragunov sniper rifle (formal Снайперская Винтовка системы Драгунова образца 1963 года Snayperskaya Vintovka sistem'y Dragunova obraz'tsa 1963 goda (SVD-63), officially "Sniper Rifle, System of Dragunov, Model of the Year 1963") is a semi-automatic sniper/designated marksman rifle chambered in 7.62×54mmR and developed in the Soviet Union.
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DShK
The DShK 1938 (ДШК, for Дегтярёва-Шпагина Крупнокалиберный, Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny, "Degtyaryov-Shpagin Large-Calibre") is a Soviet heavy machine gun firing the 12.7×108mm cartridge.
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Eastern al-Hasakah offensive
The Eastern al-Hasakah offensive was launched in the Al-Hasakah Governorate during the Syrian Civil War, by the Kurdish People's Protection Units, Assyrian Christian militias, and allied Arab forces against the jihadist Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS), with the intent of retaking the areas of the Jazira Canton that had been captured by ISIL.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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Euphrates Region
Euphrates Region, formerly Kobanî Canton, (Herêma Firatê, إقليم الفرات, translit), is the central of three regions of the de facto autonomous Democratic Federation of Northern Syria, factually comprising Ayn al-Arab District of the Aleppo Governorate, Tell Abyad District of the Raqqa Governorate, and the westernmost tip of Nahiya Ras al-Ayn of the Ras al-Ayn District of Al-Hasakah Governorate.
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Euphrates Volcano
Euphrates Volcano (Burkān al-Furāt) was a joint operations room/coalition established during the Syrian Civil War.
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Fath Safir
Safir (سفیر, meaning "ambassador") is an Iranian 4x4 multipurpose military vehicle built by Fath Vehicle Industries.
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FB Tantal
The karabinek wzór 1988 (Carbine Model 1988) Tantal is a 5.45×39mm assault rifle designed and produced in Poland in the late 1980s.
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FGM-148 Javelin
The FGM-148 Javelin is an American man-portable fire-and-forget anti-tank missile fielded to replace the M47 Dragon anti-tank missile in US service.
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Firat News Agency
Firat News Agency, (Ajansa Nûçeyan a Firatê - ANF, Fırat Haber Ajansı), is a Kurdish news agency that gathers and broadcast news from the Middle-East.
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Flashlight
A flashlight (more often called a torch outside North America) is a portable hand-held electric light.
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Florida
Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.
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FN FAL
The FN FAL (Fusil Automatique Léger, English: Light Automatic Rifle), is a battle rifle designed by Belgian small arms designers Dieudonné Saive and Ernest Vervier and manufactured by Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal (FN Herstal).
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FN MAG
The FN MAG is a Belgian 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, designed in the early 1950s at Fabrique Nationale (FN) by Ernest Vervier.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Free Syrian Army
The Free Syrian Army (al-Jaysh as-Sūrī al-Ḥurr; abbreviated FSA) is a loose faction in the Syrian Civil War founded on 29 July 2011 by officers of the Syrian Armed Forces who said their goal was to bring down the government of Bashar al-Assad.
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General-purpose machine gun
A general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) is an air-cooled, fully automatic weapon that can be adapted to light machine gun and medium machine gun roles.
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Geneva Call
Geneva Call is a neutral and impartial non-governmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Ghuraba al-Sham
Ghuraba al-Sham (غرباء الشام Ghurabā’ ash-Shām, "Strangers/Foreigners of the region of Syria") was a group of jihadists of Turkish and former Eastern bloc origin who smuggled foreign fighters to Iraq, intervened in Lebanon during the 2007 Lebanon conflict, and fought in Syria during the Syrian Civil War.
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Glock
The Glock pistol is a series of polymer-framed, short recoil-operated, locked-breech semi-automatic pistols designed and produced by Austrian Glock Ges.m.b.H..
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GP-25
The GP-25 Kostyor ('Bonfire'), GP-30 Obuvka ('Shoe') and GP-34 are a family of Russian 40 mm under-barrel grenade launchers (Granatomyot Podstvolnyj) for the AK-series of assault rifle.
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Grenade launcher
A grenade launcher is a weapon that fires a specially-designed large-caliber projectile, often with an explosive, smoke or gas warhead.
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Heavy machine gun
The heavy machine gun or HMG is a class of machine gun implying greater characteristics than general purpose or medium machine guns.
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Heckler & Koch MP5
The Heckler & Koch MP5 (from Maschinenpistole 5, meaning Submachine gun 5) is a 9mm submachine gun, developed in the 1960s by a team of engineers from the German small arms manufacturer Heckler & Koch GmbH (H&K) of Oberndorf am Neckar.
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Holographic weapon sight
A holographic weapon sight or holographic diffraction sight is a non-magnifying gun sight that allows the user to look through a glass optical window and see a reticle image superimposed at a distance on the field of view.
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Humvee
The High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV; colloquial: Humvee) is a family of light, four-wheel drive, military trucks and utility vehicles produced by AM General.
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Improvised explosive device
An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action.
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Improvised fighting vehicle
An improvised fighting vehicle is an ad hoc combat vehicle resulting from modified or upgraded civilian or military non-combat vehicle, often constructed and employed by civilians, rebels, guerrillas, resistance movements or other forms of non-state militias.
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Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic
The Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic was set up by the United Nations Human Rights Council on 22 August 2011 to investigate human rights violations during the Syrian Civil War.
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Industrial Workers of the World
The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), members of which are commonly termed "Wobblies", is an international labor union that was founded in 1905 in Chicago, Illinois in the United States of America.
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Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War
The inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War started after fighting erupted between the Syrian opposition groups: the Free Syrian Army (FSA), the Army of Mujahedeen, the Islamic Front, and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
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International Freedom Battalion
The International Freedom Battalion (Enternasyonalist Özgürlük Taburu, Tabûra Azadî ya Înternasyonal, تابور الحرية العالمي), commonly abbreviated as IFB or EÖT, is an armed group consisting of leftist foreign fighters fighting for the People's Protection Units in the Syrian Civil War in support of the Rojava Revolution and against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
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Iraq
Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.
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Iraqi Civil War (2014–present)
The Iraqi Civil War is an armed conflict which began in January 2014.
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Islamic state
An Islamic state (دولة إسلامية, dawlah islāmiyyah) is a type of government primarily based on the application of shari'a (Islamic law), dispensation of justice, maintenance of law and order.
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Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), Islamic State (IS) and by its Arabic language acronym Daesh (داعش dāʿish), is a Salafi jihadist terrorist organisation and former unrecognised proto-state that follows a fundamentalist, Salafi/Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam.
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Jabhat al-Akrad
Jabhat al-Akrad (جبهة الأكراد; lit), full name: (Liwa' Jabhat al-'Akrad l-Nusra Shaʿbnā al-Sūrī, "Kurdish Front Brigade for the Victory of the Syrian People"), is a predominantly Kurdish Syrian rebel faction participating in the Syrian civil war.
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Jane's Information Group
Jane's Information Group (often referred to as Jane's) is a British publishing company specialising in military, aerospace and transportation topics.
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Jazira Region
Jazira Region, formerly Jazira Canton, (Herêma Cizîrê, إقليم الجزيرة, translit), is the largest of the three regions of the de facto autonomous Democratic Federation of Northern Syria.
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Jihadism
The term "Jihadism" (also "jihadist movement", "jihadi movement" and variants) is a 21st-century neologism found in Western languages to describe Islamist militant movements perceived as military movements "rooted in Islam" and "existentially threatening" to the West.
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Jindires
Jindires (جنديرس, Cindirês., also spelled, Jandairis, Jandires, Jendires, Jendeires, or Jandarus) is a town in northern Syria in the Afrin District of the Aleppo Governorate.
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Jordan Matson
Jordan Matson is a former U.S. Army infantryman and one of the first foreign volunteers to fight within the People's Protection Units also known as the YPG (Kurdish: Yekîneyên Parastina Gel) in Rojava, north Syria.
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Keswick, Ontario
Keswick is a community located in the south central Canadian province of Ontario.
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Kobanî
Kobanî (also rendered Kobanê, كوباني, ܟܘܒܐܢܝ), officially Ayn al-Arab (عين العرب), is a city in the Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria, lying immediately south of the border with Turkey.
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KPV heavy machine gun
The KPV-14.5 heavy machine gun (KPV is an initialism for Krupnokaliberniy Pulemyot Vladimirova, in Russian as Крупнокалиберный Пулемёт Владимирова, or КПВ) is a Soviet designed 14.5×114mm-caliber heavy machine gun, which first entered service as an infantry weapon (designated PKP) in 1949.
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Kurdish National Council
The Kurdish National Council (KNC,, ENKS; المجلس الوطني الكوردي Al-Majlis Al-Watani Al-Kurdi) is a Syrian Kurdish political organization funded by the President of Iraqi Kurdistan Masoud Barzani and Turkey in the Syrian Civil War.
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Kurdish Supreme Committee
Map of Syria and Syrian Kurdistan. The boundary of the Kurdish autonomous entity is defined on the basis of the political demands of the Kurds of Syria. Syrian Kurdistan includes the territory actually under the control of the Kurdish self-defense forces, and the places where Kurds constitute an absolute or relative majority. The Kurdish Supreme Committee (Desteya Bilind a Kurd; DBK) was a self-proclaimed governing body in Northern Syria, which was founded by the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Kurdish National Council (KNC), following the signing on 12 July 2012 of a cooperation agreement between the two parties in Hewlêr, Iraqi Kurdistan under the auspice of the Iraqi Kurdistan President Massoud Barzani.
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Kurdish–Turkish conflict (2015–present)
In late July 2015, the third phase of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict between various Kurdish insurgent groups and the Turkish government erupted following a failed two and a half year-long peace process, aimed at resolving the long-running conflict.
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Kurdistan Free Life Party
The Kurdistan Free Life Party, or PJAK (Partiya Jiyana Azad a Kurdistanê), is a militant leftist-nationalist, anti-Iranian government group.
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Kurdistan Regional Government
The Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) (حکوومەتی هەرێمی کوردستان, Hikûmetî Herêmî Kurdistan; حكومة اقليم كردستان, Ḥukūmat ʾIqlīm Kurdistān) is the official ruling body of the predominantly Kurdish region of Northern Iraq referred to as Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan.
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Kurdistan Workers' Party
The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistanê) is an organization based in Turkey and Iraq.
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Kurds
The Kurds (rtl, Kurd) or the Kurdish people (rtl, Gelî kurd), are an ethnic group in the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a contiguous area spanning adjacent parts of southeastern Turkey (Northern Kurdistan), northwestern Iran (Eastern Kurdistan), northern Iraq (Southern Kurdistan), and northern Syria (Western Kurdistan).
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Kurds in Syria
Kurds in Syria refers to people born in or residing in Syria who are of Kurdish origin.
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Levant Front
The Levant Front (الجبهة الشامية, Jabhat al-Shamiyah, also translated as the Sham Front or the Levantine Front) is a Syrian rebel group based around Aleppo involved in the Syrian Civil War.
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Light infantry
Light infantry is a designation applied to certain types of foot soldiers (infantry) throughout history, typically having lighter equipment or armament or a more mobile or fluid function than other types of infantry, such as heavy infantry or line infantry.
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Light machine gun
A light machine gun (LMG) is a machine gun designed to be employed by an individual soldier, with or without an assistant, as an infantry support weapon.
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List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War
A number of armed groups have involved themselves in the ongoing Syrian Civil War.
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List of laser applications
Many scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications have been developed since the invention of the laser in 1958.
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Ljubljana
Ljubljana (locally also; also known by other, historical names) is the capital and largest city of Slovenia.
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M16 rifle
The M16 rifle, officially designated Rifle, Caliber 5.56 mm, M16, is a United States military adaptation of the ArmaLite AR-15 rifle.Kern, Danford Allan (2006).. m-14parts.com. A thesis presented to the Faculty of the US Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF MILITARY ART AND SCIENCE, Military History. Fort Leavenworth, KansasKokalis, Peter G.. Nodakspud.com The original M16 was a selective fire 5.56mm rifle with a 20-round magazine. In 1964, the M16 entered U.S. military service and the following year was deployed for jungle warfare operations during the Vietnam War. In 1969, the M16A1 replaced the M14 rifle to become the U.S. military's standard service rifle.Ezell, Edward Clinton (1983). Small Arms of the World. New York: Stackpole Books. pp. 46–47..Urdang, p. 801. The M16A1 improvements include a bolt-assist, chrome plated bore and a new 30-round magazine. In 1983, the U.S. Marine Corps adopted the M16A2 rifle and the U.S. Army adopted it in 1986. The M16A2 fires the improved 5.56×45mm NATO (M855/SS109) cartridge and has a new adjustable rear sight, case deflector, heavy barrel, improved handguard, pistol grip and buttstock, as well as a semi-auto and three-round burst only fire selector. Adopted in 1998, the M16A4 is the fourth generation of the M16 series.Weapons of the Modern Marines, by Michael Green, MBI Publishing Company, 2004, page 16 It is equipped with a removable carrying handle and Picatinny rail for mounting optics and other ancillary devices. The M16 has also been widely adopted by other militaries around the world. Total worldwide production of M16s has been approximately 8 million, making it the most-produced firearm of its 5.56 mm caliber. The U.S. Military has largely replaced the M16 in combat units with a shorter and lighter version named the M4 carbine.
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M1919 Browning machine gun
The M1919 Browning is a.30 caliber medium machine gun that was widely used during the 20th century, especially during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.
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M1938 mortar
The 120-PM-38 or M1938 was a 120 mm Soviet mortar that was used in large numbers by the Red Army during World War II.
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M2 Browning
The M2 Machine Gun or Browning.50 Caliber Machine Gun is a heavy machine gun designed toward the end of World War I by John Browning.
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M249 light machine gun
The M249 light machine gun (LMG), formerly designated the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW) and formally written as Light Machine Gun, 5.56 mm, M249, is the American adaptation of the Belgian FN Minimi, a light machine gun manufactured by the Belgian company FN Herstal (FN).
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M4 carbine
The M4 carbine is a shorter and lighter variant of the M16A2 assault rifle.
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M79 Osa
The M79 Osa (Оса; "wasp") is a Yugoslav-made portable 90 mm anti-tank weapon made of fibre-reinforced plastics.
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Macer Gifford
Macer Gifford (born 1987) is the pseudonym of a British former currency trader who travelled to Syria to fight with the Kurdish YPG militia against the Islamic State group.
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Main battle tank
A main battle tank (MBT), also known as a battle tank or universal tank, is a tank that fills the armor-protected direct fire and maneuver role of many modern armies.
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Makarov pistol
The Makarov pistol or PM (Пистолет Макарова, Pistolet Makarova, literally Makarov's Pistol) is a Russian semi-automatic pistol.
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Malestroit
Malestroit is a commune in the Morbihan department of Brittany in north-western France.
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Manbij
Manbij (منبج, Minbic) is a city in the northeast of Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria, 30 kilometers west of the Euphrates.
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Manbij offensive
The Manbij offensive, code-named Operation Martyr and Commander Faysal Abu Layla by the SDF, was a 2016 military offensive operation by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to capture the city of Manbij from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and eventually, the ISIL-held areas through Al-Bab to Herbel, in the area referred to as the "Manbij Pocket" in the northern Aleppo Governorate.
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Marxist–Leninist Communist Party (Turkey)
Marxist-Leninist Communist Party (Marksist-Leninist Komünist Partisi, abbreviated as MLKP) is an underground Hoxhaist communist party in Turkey.
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Maryamin, Afrin
Maryamin (مريمين, also spelled Mariamein, Maryamayn, Mreimin Afrin or Maryamayn Afrin) is a village in northwestern Aleppo Governorate northwestern Syria.
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Maryland
Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east.
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Matthew Gardiner
Matthew John Gardiner (born 16 May 1971) is an Australian former trade unionist.
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Media of Syria
The media of Syria consists primarily of television, radio, Internet, film and print.
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Medium machine gun
A medium machine gun (MMG), in modern terms, usually refers to a belt-fed automatic firearm firing a full-power rifle cartridge.
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Menagh Military Airbase
Menagh Military Air Base (or Minnigh airport, Minakh Air Base) (قاعدة مطار منغ) is a Syrian Air Force installation located south of Azaz, Aleppo Governorate, Syria near the village of Manaq.
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MILAN
MILAN (Missile d´infanterie léger antichar; Light anti-tank infantry missile, milan is French for kite) is a European anti-tank guided missile.
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Milkor MGL
The Milkor MGL (Multiple Grenade Launcher) is a lightweight 40 mm six-shot revolver-type grenade launcher (variations also fire 37/38mm) developed and manufactured in South Africa by Milkor (Pty) Ltd.
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Mk 19 grenade launcher
The Mk 19 grenade launcher (pronounced Mark 19) is an American 40 mm belt-fed automatic grenade launcher that was first developed during the Vietnam War.
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Mortar (weapon)
A mortar is usually a simple, lightweight, man portable, muzzle-loaded weapon, consisting of a smooth-bore metal tube fixed to a base plate (to absorb recoil) with a lightweight bipod mount.
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Mosin–Nagant
The 3-line rifle M1891 (трёхлинейная винтовка образца 1891 года, tryokhlineynaya vintovka obraztsa 1891 goda), colloquially known as Mosin–Nagant (винтовка Мосина, ISO 9) is a five-shot, bolt-action, internal magazine–fed, military rifle developed from 1882 to 1891, and used by the armed forces of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and various other nations.
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Mountain Hawks Brigade
The Mountain Hawks Brigade (Liwa’ Suqour al-Jabal), formerly the Hawks of Mount Zawiya Brigade (Liwa' Suqour Jabal al-Zawiya), is a Saudi-sponsored Free Syrian Army rebel group operating in northwestern Syria.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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New York (state)
New York is a state in the northeastern United States.
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Night vision device
A night vision device (NVD), also known as night optical/observation device (NOD) and night vision goggles (NVG), is an optoelectronic device that allows images to be produced in levels of light approaching total darkness.
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Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)
The Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016) refers to a military operation launched northwest of Aleppo in early February 2016 by the Syrian Arab Army and its allies.
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Northern Kurdish
Northern Kurdish (Kurdiya jorîn, rtl), also called Kurmanji (Kurmancî, rtl), is a Kurdish language spoken in southeast Turkey, northwest and northeast Iran, northern Iraq and northern Syria.
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Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016)
The Northern Raqqa offensive (May 2016) was a military offensive launched by the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in northern Raqqa Governorate, in order to prepare for a future attack on the city of Raqqa.
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November 2015 Sinjar offensive
The November Sinjar offensive was a combination of operations of Kurdish Peshmerga, PKK, and People's Protection Units forces in November 2015, to recapture the city of Sinjar from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
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Ocala, Florida
Ocala is a city located in Marion County, Florida, which is part of the northern region of the state.
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Occupy Wall Street
Occupy Wall Street (OWS) was a protest movement that began on September 17, 2011, in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Wall Street financial district, receiving global attention and spawning a surge in the movement against economic inequality worldwide.
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Ourense
Ourense (Orense) is a city in northwestern Spain, the capital of the province of the same name in Galicia.
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People's Protection Units
The People's Protection Units (یەکینەکانی پاراستنی گەل;Yekîneyên Parastina Gel, وحدات حماية الشعب, translit; YPG) is a mainly-Kurdish militia in Syria and the primary component of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria's Syrian Democratic Forces.
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Peshmerga
Peshmerga (lit, or Those who face death') are the military forces of the federal region of Iraqi Kurdistan.
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Pistol
A pistol is a type of handgun.
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Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965
The Pistol Mitralieră model 1963 (abbreviated PM md. 63 or simply md. 63) is an assault rifle patterned after the AKM, and chambered in the 7.62×39mm cartridge.
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PK machine gun
The PK (Пулемёт Калашникова, transliterated as Pulemyot Kalashnikova, or "Kalashnikov's Machinegun"), is a 7.62x54mmR general-purpose machine gun designed in the Soviet Union and currently in production in Russia.
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Portuguese people
Portuguese people are an ethnic group indigenous to Portugal that share a common Portuguese culture and speak Portuguese.
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PSL (rifle)
The PSL (Puşcă Semiautomată cu Lunetă model 1974, "scoped semi-automatic rifle") is a Romanian military designated marksman rifle.
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Qamishli
Qamishli (القامشلي, Qamişlo, lit or translit) is a city in northeastern Syria on the border with Turkey, adjoining the Turkish city of Nusaybin, and close to Iraq.
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Raqqa
Raqqa (الرقة; Kurdish: Reqa) also called Raqa, Rakka and Al-Raqqah is a city in Syria located on the northeast bank of the Euphrates River, about east of Aleppo.
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Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)
The Raqqa campaign (codenamed Operation Wrath of Euphrates) was a military operation launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in the Raqqa Governorate, with the goal of isolating and eventually capturing the Islamic State's capital city, Raqqa.
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Raqqa Governorate
Raqqa Governorate (Muḥāfaẓat ar-Raqqah) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria.
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Ras al-Ayn
Ras al-Ayn (Raʾs al-ʿAyn, Resülayn, Serê Kaniyê, Rēš Aynā), also spelled Ras al-Ain, is a city in al-Hasakah Governorate in northeastern Syria, on the border with Turkey.
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Recoilless rifle
A recoilless rifle (RCLR) or recoilless gun is a type of lightweight tube artillery that is designed to allow some of the propellant gases to escape out the rear of the weapon at the moment of ignition, creating forward thrust that counteracts some of the weapon's recoil.
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Regiment
A regiment is a military unit.
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Reuters
Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.
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Rheinmetall MG 3
The MG 3 is a German general-purpose machine gun chambered for the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge.
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Rifle
A rifle is a portable long-barrelled firearm designed for precision shooting, to be held with both hands and braced against the shoulder for stability during firing, and with a barrel that has a helical pattern of grooves ("rifling") cut into the bore walls.
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Rocket-propelled grenade
A rocket-propelled grenade (often abbreviated RPG) is a shoulder-fired anti-tank weapon system that fires rockets equipped with an explosive warhead.
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RPG-7
The RPG-7 (РПГ-7) is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher.
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RPK
The RPK (Ruchnoy Pulemyot Kalashnikova, Ручной пулемёт Калашникова or "Kalashnikov hand-held machine gun") is a 7.62×39mm light machine gun of Soviet design, developed by Mikhail Kalashnikov in the late 1950s, parallel with the AKM assault rifle.
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Rudaw Media Network
Rudaw Media Network (تۆڕی میدیایی ڕووداو), also known as Rudaw (Rûdaw ڕووداو), is a KDP-affiliated media group in Iraqi Kurdistan.
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Saddam Hussein
Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.
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Salafi movement
The Salafi movement or Salafist movement or Salafism is a reform branch or revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that developed in Egypt in the late 19th century as a response to European imperialism.
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Santa Cruz, California
Santa Cruz (Holy Cross) is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County, California.
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Süddeutsche Zeitung
The Süddeutsche Zeitung (German for South German Newspaper), published in Munich, Bavaria, is one of the largest daily newspapers in Germany.
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Secretary-General of the United Nations
The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
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Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian Civil War
The Syrian Civil War is an intensely sectarian conflict.
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Siege of Kobanî
The Siege of Kobanî was launched by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (also known as ISIL, ISIS, or Daesh) militants on 13 September 2014, in order to capture the Kobanî Canton and its main city of Kobanî (also known as Kobanê or Ayn al-Arab) in northern Syria, in the de facto autonomous region of Rojava. By 2 October 2014, ISIL succeeded in capturing 350 Kurdish villages and towns within the vicinity of Kobanê, generating a wave of some 300,000 displaced Kurds, who fled across the border into Turkey's Şanlıurfa Province. By January 2015, this had risen to 400,000. The Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) backed by Euphrates Volcano joint operations room, some Free Syrian Army (FSA) reinforcements, heavily armed Peshmerga of the Kurdistan Regional Government, and American and US-allied Arab militaries' airstrikes began to recapture Kobane. On 26 January 2015, the YPG and its allies, along with the continued US-led airstrikes, began to retake the city, driving ISIL into a steady retreat. The city of Kobanê was fully recaptured on 27 January; however, most of the remaining villages in the Kobanî Canton remained under ISIL control. Kurdish militia along with allied Arab armed groups backed by further airstrikes, then made rapid advances in rural Kobanî, with ISIL withdrawing 25 km from the city of Kobanî by 2 February. By late April 2015, ISIL had lost almost all of the villages it had captured in the Canton, but maintained control of a few dozen villages it seized in the northwestern part of the Raqqa Governorate. In late June 2015, ISIL launched a new offensive against the city, killing at least 233 civilians. The militants were quickly driven back. The battle for Kobanî was considered a turning point in the war against ISIL.
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Sinjar Mountains
The Sinjar Mountains (Çiyayên Şengalê چیای شەنگال/شەنگار; جبل سنجار; also Shingal\Shengar Mountains) are a mountain range that runs east to west, rising above the surrounding alluvial steppe plains in northwestern Iraq to an elevation of.
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Slovenia
Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene:, abbr.: RS), is a country in southern Central Europe, located at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes.
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Sniper
A sniper is a military/paramilitary marksman who operates to maintain effective visual contact with the enemy and engage targets from concealed positions or at distances exceeding their detection capabilities.
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Sniper rifle
A sniper rifle is a high-precision rifle designed for sniper missions.
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Socialist Republic of Romania
The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) refers to Romania under Marxist-Leninist one-party Communist rule that existed officially from 1947 to 1989.
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Spain
Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.
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SPG-9
The SPG-9 Kopye (Spear) is a tripod-mounted man-portable, 73 millimetre calibre recoilless rifle developed by the Soviet Union.
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STANAG magazine
A STANAG magazine or NATO magazine is a type of detachable firearm magazine proposed by NATO in October 1980.
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Steyr AUG
The Steyr AUG (Armee-Universal-Gewehr—"universal army rifle") is an Austrian 5.56×45mm NATO bullpup assault rifle, designed in the 1960s by Steyr-Daimler-Puch and now manufactured by Steyr Mannlicher GmbH & Co KG.
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Steyr HS .50
The Steyr HS.50 is a.50 BMG single-shot anti-materiel sniper rifle manufactured by Steyr Mannlicher.
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Submachine gun
A submachine gun (SMG) is a magazine-fed, automatic carbine designed to fire pistol cartridges.
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Sutoro
The Syriac Security Office (Mawtbo d'Sutoro Suryoyo, سوتورو), commonly known as the Sutoro or the Sutoro Police, is an ethnic Assyrian, Syriac-Christian police force in Jazira Canton of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria in Syria, where it works in concert with the general Asayish police force of the canton with the mission to police ethnic Assyrian areas and neighbourhoods.
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Syriac Military Council
The Syriac Military Council (translit, MFS for short; المجلس العسكري السرياني السوري) is an Assyrian/Syriac military organisation in Syria.
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Syrian Civil War
The Syrian Civil War (الحرب الأهلية السورية, Al-ḥarb al-ʼahliyyah as-sūriyyah) is an ongoing multi-sided armed conflict in Syria fought primarily between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar al-Assad, along with its allies, and various forces opposing both the government and each other in varying combinations.
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Syrian Democratic Forces
The Syrian Democratic Forces (translit, Hêzên Sûriya Demokratîk, translit), commonly abbreviated as SDF, HSD or QSD, are a multi-ethnic and multi-religious alliance of predominantly Kurdish, but also Arab and Assyrian/Syriac militias, as well as some smaller Turkmen, Armenian, Circassian and Chechen groups/participation in the Syrian Civil War. The SDF is mostly composed of, and militarily led by, the People's Protection Units (YPG), a mostly Kurdish militia. Founded in October 2015, the SDF states its mission as fighting to create a secular, democratic and federal Syria, along the lines of the Rojava Revolution in northern Syria. The updated December 2016 constitution of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria names the SDF as its official defence force. The primary opponents of the SDF and their allies are the Salafist and Islamic fundamentalist groups involved in the civil war, in particular the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), Turkey-backed Syrian opposition groups, al-Qaeda affiliates, and their allies. The SDF has focused primarily on ISIL, successfully driving them from important strategic areas, such as Al-Hawl, Shaddadi, Tishrin Dam, Manbij, al-Tabqah, Tabqa Dam, Baath Dam, and ISIL's former capital of Raqqa.
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Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (also known as SOHR; المرصد السوري لحقوق الإنسان), founded in May 2006, is a UK-based information office whose stated aim is to document human rights abuses in Syria; it has focused since 2011 on the Syrian Civil War.
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Syrian opposition
The Syrian opposition (المعارضة السورية) is an umbrella term for the political structure represented by the Syrian National Coalition and associated anti-government Syrian groups with certain territorial control in the form of a proto-state as an alternative Syrian government, claiming to be the legitimate Syrian Arab Republic and also sometimes known just as the Republic of Syria.
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T-54/T-55
The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War.
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T-72
The T-72 is a Soviet second-generation main battle tank that entered production in 1971.
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Tabuk Sniper Rifle
The Tabuk Sniper Rifle is an Iraqi Semi-automatic designated marksman's rifle, made from a modified version of the Zastava M70 assault rifle, itself a variant of the AKM.
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Technical (vehicle)
Technical, in professional military parlance often called Non-standard tactical vehicle (NSTV), is a neologism for a light improvised fighting vehicle, typically an open-backed civilian pickup truck or four-wheel drive vehicle mounting a machine gun, anti-aircraft gun, rotary cannon, anti-tank weapon, anti-tank gun, ATGM, mortar, multiple rocket launcher, recoilless rifle or other support weapon, somewhat like a light military gun truck.
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Telesur (TV channel)
Telesur (stylised as teleSUR) is a multi-state funded, Latin American terrestrial and satellite television network headquartered in Caracas, Venezuela.
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Tell Abyad
Tell Abyad (lit, Girê Spî, Tellebyad,Günümüzde Suriye Türkmenleri — ORSAM Rapor № 83. ORSAM – Ortadoğu Türkmenleri Programı Rapor № 14. Ankara — November 2011, 33 pages. Թել Աբյադ, ܬܠ ܐܒܝܕ) is a town and nahiya in Syria.
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Tell Abyad offensive
The Tell Abyad offensive or Martyr Rubar Qamışlo operation was a military operation that began in late May 2015 in the northern Raqqa Governorate, during the Syrian Civil War, conducted by Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG) and the Free Syrian Army (FSA) against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
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Tell Hamis
Tell Hamis (تل حميس, Til Hemîs), is a town in northeastern Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria.
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Tell Tamer
Tell Tamer (تل تمر, ܬܠ ܬܡܪ, Girê Xurma) also known as Tal Tamr or Tal Tamir, is a small town in western al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria.
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Tishrin Dam offensive
The Tishrin Dam offensive, or Southern Kobanî offensive, was a military operation in the northeastern Aleppo Governorate during the Syrian Civil War, conducted by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) to capture the strategic Tishrin Dam and the southern countryside of the Kobanî Canton from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
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Toyota Hilux
The Toyota Hilux (also stylized as HiLux and historically as Hi-Lux) is a series of light commercial vehicles produced and marketed by the Japanese manufacturer Toyota.
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Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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Turkish military operation in Afrin
In January 2018, the Turkish military launched a military operation, code-named Operation Olive Branch (Zeytin Dalı Harekâtı) by Turkey, in the SDF-controlled Afrin District and the Tell Rifaat Subdistrict.
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Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army
The Turkish-backed Free Syrian Army (abbreviated as TFSA), partially reorganized as the Syrian National Army (al-Jayš al-Watanī as-Sūrī, Suriye Millî Ordusu) by Turkey since 30 May 2017, is an armed Syrian opposition structure mainly composed of Syrian Arab and Syrian Turkmen rebels operating in northern Syria, mostly being a part of Operation Euphrates Shield or groups active in the area that are allied to the groups participating in the operation.
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Type 56 assault rifle
The Type 56 is a Chinese 7.62×39mm assault rifle.
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Type 69 RPG
The Type 69 85mm rocket propelled grenade (RPG), made by Norinco, is a Chinese copy of the Soviet RPG-7.
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Ultimax 100
The Ultimax 100 is a Singapore-made 5.56mm light machine gun, developed by the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now ST Kinetics) by a team of engineers under the guidance of American firearms designer L. James Sullivan.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.
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United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.
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Vehicle armour
Military vehicles are commonly armoured (or armored; see spelling differences) to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets, missiles or shells, protecting the personnel inside from enemy fire.
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Vice (magazine)
Vice is a Canadian-American print magazine focused on arts, culture, and news topics.
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West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove) to the east, Hampshire to the west and Surrey to the north, and to the south the English Channel.
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Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)
The western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016) was a multi-sided military confrontation between the Syrian Army, the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) (including some allied Free Syrian Army (FSA) factions), other (Turkey-backed) FSA factions, and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in the countryside of northwestern Aleppo Governorate, south of the towns of Mare' and Tel Rifaat.
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Western al-Hasakah offensive
The Western al-Hasakah offensive, dubbed Operation Commander Rûbar Qamishlo by the Kurds, was a military operation during May 2015 in the Al-Hasakah Governorate, during the Syrian Civil War, conducted by Kurdish YPG and allied forces against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
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Women's Protection Units
The Women's Protection Units or Women's Defense Units (Yekîneyên Parastina Jin, YPJ, pronounced Yuh-Pah-Juh; Wahdat Himayat al-Mar'a; Ḥdoywotho d'Sutoro d'Neshe) is an all-female military organization.
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Xinhua News Agency
Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English) or New China News Agency is the official state-run press agency of the People's Republic of China.
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Yazidis
The Yazidis, or Yezidis (Êzidî), are a Kurdish-speaking people, indigenous to a region of northern Mesopotamia (known natively as Ezidkhan) who are strictly endogamous.
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YPG–FSA relations
Relations between the People's Protection Units (YPG) and the Free Syrian Army (FSA) are unclear and varied among the different FSA factions.
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Zastava M72
The Zastava M72 is a light machine gun developed and manufactured by then Yugoslav Zastava Arms company.
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Zastava M84
The Zastava M84 is a general-purpose machine gun manufactured by Zastava Arms.
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Zijiang M99
The M99 is a semi-automatic anti-materiel rifle first introduced in 2005.
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101st Airborne Division
The 101st Airborne Division ("Screaming Eagles") is an elite modular specialized light infantry division of the US Army.
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120-PM-43 mortar
The M1943 Mortar also known as the SAMOVAR is a Soviet 120 millimeter calibre smoothbore mortar first introduced in 1943 as a modified version of the M1938 mortar.
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2004 Qamishli riots
The 2004 Qamishli uprising was an uprising by Syrian Kurds in the northeastern city of Qamishli in March 2004.
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2015 al-Hawl offensive
The 2015 al-Hawl offensive was an offensive launched by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) during the Syrian Civil War, in order to capture the strategic town of al-Hawl and the surrounding countryside from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
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82-BM-37
The M-37 or 82-BM-37 (батальонный миномёт) is a Soviet 82 millimeter calibre mortar designed by B.I. Szayrin and accepted into service in 1937.
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9K111 Fagot
The 9K111 Fagot (Фагот; "bassoon") is a second-generation tube-launched SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union for use from ground or vehicle mounts.
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9K115-2 Metis-M
The 9K115-2 Metis-M is a Russian anti-tank missile system.
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9M113 Konkurs
The 9M113 Konkurs (9М113 «Конкурс»; cognate of Concours; "Contest") is a SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile of the Soviet Union.
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Redirects here:
Kurdish People's Protection Units, Kurdish YPG, Lions of Rojava, People's Defence Units, People's Defense Units, People's protection unit, Popular Protection Units, YPG, Yekîneyên Parastina Gel.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Protection_Units
