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ZX Spectrum

Index ZX Spectrum

The ZX Spectrum is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research. [1]

221 relations: +D, Alan Cox, Amiga, Amstrad, Amstrad CPC, Amstrad CPC 464, Ant Attack, Archaeology, Arkanoid, Assembly language, Atari ST, ATM (computer), Attribute clash, Backward compatibility, Bank switching, Batman: The Caped Crusader, BBC Micro, Bitmap, Black and white, Bluetooth, Book, Brazil, Bus (computing), Byte, Byte (magazine), Cambridge Z88, Cassette deck, Central processing unit, Centronics, Chaos: The Battle of Wizards, Checksum, Cheetah Marketing, Chiclet keyboard, Clipping (audio), Clive Sinclair, Commodore 64, Commodore VIC-20, Compact Cassette, Computer and Video Games, Computer Gamer, Computer hardware, Computer magazine, Computing Today, Copy protection, CP/M, Crash (magazine), Crowdfunding, Currah, Czechoslovakia, Database, ..., David Perry (game developer), David Whittaker (video game composer), DISCiPLE, Dizzy (series), Dizzy – The Ultimate Cartoon Adventure, Do it yourself, Dragon 32/64, Dundee, Dynamic random-access memory, Edge connector, EEPROM, Elite (video game), Elite Systems, Emulator, Expansion card, Field-programmable gate array, Flexi disc, Floating-point arithmetic, Floppy disk, Floppy disk variants, Floppy-disk controller, GamesMaster (magazine), Gate array, General Instrument AY-3-8910, Google Doodle, Google Play, Handheld game console, Handheld TV game, Head over Heels (video game), Heat sink, Hertz, Hexadecimal, Home computer, Horizons: Software Starter Pack, Hyper Sports, Image resolution, Instant messaging, Integrated circuit, IPad, ITunes, Jeff Minter, Jet Set Willy, Jon Ritman, Jonathan Smith (games programmer), Julian Gollop, Kansas City standard, Kempston Interface, Kempston Micro Electronics, Kickstarter, Kilobyte, Knight Lore, Konami's Ping Pong, Lenslok, Line level, List of ZX Spectrum clones, List of ZX Spectrum games, Local area network, LocoScript, Logo, Magazine, Manic Miner, Match Day, Match Day II, Matthew Smith (games programmer), Micronet 800, Microsoft, Microsphere (software company), MIDI, Mike Singleton, Mikie, Miles Gordon Technology, Modem, Multiface, NEC, Nintendo, Novella, OCP Art Studio, Oliver Twins, Online shopping, Oric, Parallel port, Parsing, Patent, Pentagon (computer), Pete Cooke, Phonograph record, Pinout, Popular Computing Weekly, Prestel, Printed circuit board, Programming language, Quicksilva, R-Type, Random-access memory, Rare (company), Read-only memory, Rebelstar (series), Renegade (video game), Retro Computers, RF modulator, RGB color model, Richard Altwasser, Rick Dickinson, ROM cartridge, Romania, RS-232, Saboteur (1985 video game), Saint George's Day, SAM Coupé, Scrolling, Secure Digital, Shiny Entertainment, Silicon Dreams, SIMO TCI, Sinclair BASIC, Sinclair QL, Sinclair Research, Sinclair User, Skool Daze, Software, Sound card, Soviet Union, Spanish peseta, Spectrofon, Spreadsheet, Sprite (computer graphics), Stamper brothers, Steve Vickers (computer scientist), Tasword, Tau Ceti (video game), Television, The Daily Telegraph, The Games Machine, The Hobbit (1982 video game), The Lords of Midnight, The Way of the Exploding Fist, Tim Follin, Timex Computer 2048, Timex Computer 3256, Timex FDD3000, Timex Group, Timex Group USA, Timex Sinclair, Timex Sinclair 2068, TK90X, TK95, Transistor–transistor logic, Type-in program, Ultimate Play the Game, Video game design, Videoface, Viewdata, Voltage regulator, War in Middle Earth, Watford Electronics, Word processor, X-COM, Your Computer (British magazine), Your Sinclair, Zilog Z80, ZX Interface 1, ZX Interface 2, ZX Microdrive, ZX Printer, ZX Spectrum character set, ZX Spectrum Contended Memory, ZX Spectrum graphic modes, ZX Spectrum Vega, ZX Spectrum Vega+, ZX81, 8-bit. Expand index (171 more) »

+D

The +D (or Plus D) was a floppy disk and printer interface for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer, developed as a successor to Miles Gordon Technology's earlier product, the DISCiPLE.

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Alan Cox

Alan Cox (born 22 July 1968) is a British computer programmer who has been a key figure in the development of Linux.

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Amiga

The Amiga is a family of personal computers introduced by Commodore in 1985.

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Amstrad

Amstrad is a British electronics company.

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Amstrad CPC

The Amstrad CPC (short for Colour Personal Computer) is a series of 8-bit home computers produced by Amstrad between 1984 and 1990.

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Amstrad CPC 464

The CPC 464 was the first personal home computer built by Amstrad in 1984.

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Ant Attack

Ant Attack is a ZX Spectrum computer game by Sandy White, published by Quicksilva in 1983.

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Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Arkanoid

is an arcade game released by Taito in 1986.

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Assembly language

An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language, in which there is a very strong (but often not one-to-one) correspondence between the assembly program statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.

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Atari ST

The Atari ST is a line of home computers from Atari Corporation and the successor to the Atari 8-bit family.

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ATM (computer)

ATM (ATM Turbo) is a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in Moscow, in 1991, by two firms, MicroArt and ATM.

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Attribute clash

Attribute clash (also known as colour clash or bleeding) is a display artifact caused by limits in the graphics circuitry of some colour 8-bit home computers, most notably the Sinclair ZX Spectrum, where it meant that only two colours could be used in any 8×8 tile of pixels.

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Backward compatibility

Backward compatibility is a property of a system, product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system, especially in telecommunications and computing.

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Bank switching

Bank switching is a technique used in computer design to increase the amount of usable memory beyond the amount directly addressable by the processor.

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Batman: The Caped Crusader

Batman: The Caped Crusader is an action adventure game developed by Special FX Software (Jonathan Smith, Zach Townsend, Charles Davies, and Keith Tinman) and published by Ocean Software in 1988.

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BBC Micro

The British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer System, or BBC Micro, is a series of microcomputers and associated peripherals designed and built by the Acorn Computer company for the BBC Computer Literacy Project, operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation.

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Bitmap

In computing, a bitmap is a mapping from some domain (for example, a range of integers) to bits.

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Black and white

Black and white, often abbreviated B/W or B&W, and hyphenated black-and-white when used as an adjective, is any of several monochrome forms in visual arts.

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Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485GHz) from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs).

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Book

A book is a series of pages assembled for easy portability and reading, as well as the composition contained in it.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Bus (computing)

In computer architecture, a bus (a contraction of the Latin omnibus) is a communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers.

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Byte

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.

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Byte (magazine)

Byte was an American microcomputer magazine, influential in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s because of its wide-ranging editorial coverage.

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Cambridge Z88

The Cambridge Computer Z88 is an A4-size, lightweight, portable Z80-based computer with a built-in combined word processing/spreadsheet/database application called PipeDream (functionally equivalent to a 1987 BBC Micro ROM called Acornsoft View Professional), along with several other applications and utilities, such as a Z80-version of the BBC BASIC programming language.

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Cassette deck

A cassette deck is a type of tape machine for playing and recording audio compact cassettes.

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Central processing unit

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

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Centronics

Centronics Data Computer Corporation was an American manufacturer of computer printers, now remembered primarily for the parallel interface that bears its name, the Centronics connector.

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Chaos: The Battle of Wizards

Chaos: The Battle of Wizards is a turn-based tactics video game released for the ZX Spectrum in 1985.

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Checksum

A checksum is a small-sized datum derived from a block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors which may have been introduced during its transmission or storage.

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Cheetah Marketing

Cheetah Marketing was a United Kingdom-based company that produced electronic music-related hardware products and software for home computer systems during the 1980s.

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Chiclet keyboard

A chiclet keyboard, or island-style keyboard, is a type of input device for electronic systems such as personal computers, calculators and remote controls that uses keys in the shape of small squares with rounded corners and straight sides, in the style of Chiclets, an American chewing gum brand.

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Clipping (audio)

Clipping is a form of waveform distortion that occurs when an amplifier is overdriven and attempts to deliver an output voltage or current beyond its maximum capability.

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Clive Sinclair

Sir Clive Marles Sinclair (born 30 July 1940) is an English entrepreneur and inventor, most commonly known for his work in consumer electronics in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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Commodore 64

The Commodore 64, also known as the C64 or the CBM 64, is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International (first shown at the Consumer Electronics Show, in Las Vegas, January 7–10, 1982).

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Commodore VIC-20

The VIC-20 (in Germany: VC-20; In Japan: VIC-1001) is an 8-bit home computer that was sold by Commodore Business Machines.

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Compact Cassette

The Compact Audio Cassette (CAC) or Musicassette (MC), also commonly called the cassette tape or simply tape or cassette, is an analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback.

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Computer and Video Games

Computer and Video Games (CVG, C&VG or C+VG) was a UK-based video game magazine, published in its original form between 1981 and 2004.

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Computer Gamer

Computer Gamer was a video game magazine published in the United Kingdom by Argus Specialist Publications, covering home gaming from April 1985 to June 1987.

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Computer hardware

Computer hardware includes the physical parts or components of a computer, such as the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphic card, sound card and motherboard.

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Computer magazine

Computer magazines are about computers and related subjects, such as networking and the Internet.

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Computing Today

Computing Today was a computer magazine published by Argus Specialist Publications, it was printed in the UK from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s.

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Copy protection

Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy prevention and copy restriction, is any effort designed to prevent the reproduction of software, films, music, and other media, usually for copyright reasons.

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CP/M

CP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created for Intel 8080/85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc.

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Crash (magazine)

Crash was a magazine dedicated to the ZX Spectrum home computer.

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Crowdfunding

Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising small amounts of money from a large number of people, typically via the Internet.

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Currah

Currah was a British computer peripheral manufacturer, famous mainly for the speech synthesis ROM cartridges it designed for the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, and other 8-bit home computers of the 1980s.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

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Database

A database is an organized collection of data, stored and accessed electronically.

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David Perry (game developer)

David Perry (born April 4, 1967) is a Northern Irish video game developer and programmer.

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David Whittaker (video game composer)

David Whittaker (born 24 April 1957 in Bury, England) is known for numerous video game music which he wrote in most of the 1980s and early 1990s, for many different formats.

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DISCiPLE

The DISCiPLE was a floppy disk interface for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer.

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Dizzy (series)

The Dizzy series of computer games, published by Codemasters, was one of the most successful European computer game brands of the late 1980s.

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Dizzy – The Ultimate Cartoon Adventure

Dizzy, or Dizzy – The Ultimate Cartoon Adventure, was the first video game featuring the character Dizzy, an anthropomorphic egg.

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Do it yourself

"Do it yourself" ("DIY") is the method of building, modifying, or repairing things without the direct aid of experts or professionals.

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Dragon 32/64

The Dragon 32 and Dragon 64 are home computers that were built in the 1980s.

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Dundee

Dundee (Dùn Dè) is Scotland's fourth-largest city and the 51st-most-populous built-up area in the United Kingdom.

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Dynamic random-access memory

Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a type of random access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a separate tiny capacitor within an integrated circuit.

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Edge connector

An edge connector is the portion of a printed circuit board (PCB) consisting of traces leading to the edge of the board that are intended to plug into a matching socket.

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EEPROM

EEPROM (also E2PROM) stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory and is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers, integrated in microcontrollers for smart cards and remote keyless system, and other electronic devices to store relatively small amounts of data but allowing individual bytes to be erased and reprogrammed.

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Elite (video game)

Elite is a space trading video game, written and developed by David Braben and Ian Bell and originally published by Acornsoft for the BBC Micro and Acorn Electron computers in September 1984.

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Elite Systems

Elite Systems is a UK video game developer and publisher established in 1984 as Richard Wilcox Software.

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Emulator

In computing, an emulator is hardware or software that enables one computer system (called the host) to behave like another computer system (called the guest).

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Expansion card

In computing, the expansion card, expansion board, adapter card or accessory card is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into an electrical connector, or expansion slot, on a computer motherboard, backplane or riser card to add functionality to a computer system via the expansion bus.

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Field-programmable gate array

A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing hence "field-programmable".

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Flexi disc

The flexi disc (also known as a phonosheet, Sonosheet or Soundsheet, a trademark) is a phonograph record made of a thin, flexible vinyl sheet with a molded-in spiral stylus groove, and is designed to be playable on a normal phonograph turntable.

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Floating-point arithmetic

In computing, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic using formulaic representation of real numbers as an approximation so as to support a trade-off between range and precision.

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Floppy disk

A floppy disk, also called a floppy, diskette, or just disk, is a type of disk storage composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic enclosure lined with fabric that removes dust particles.

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Floppy disk variants

The floppy disk is a ubiquitous data storage and transfer device from the mid-1970s well into the 2000s.

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Floppy-disk controller

A floppy-disk controller (FDC) is a special-purpose chip and associated disk controller circuitry that directs and controls reading from and writing to a computer's floppy disk drive (FDD).

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GamesMaster (magazine)

GamesMaster is a monthly multi-format computer and video game magazine published by Future plc in the United Kingdom.

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Gate array

A gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g. NAND gates, flip-flops,etc.) according to a custom order by adding metal interconnect layers in the factory.

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General Instrument AY-3-8910

The AY-3-8910 is a 3-voice programmable sound generator (PSG) designed by General Instrument in 1978, initially for use with their 16-bit CP1610 or one of the PIC1650 series of 8-bit microcomputers.

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Google Doodle

A Google Doodle is a special, temporary alteration of the logo on Google's homepages that commemorates holidays, events, achievements, and people.

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Google Play

Google Play (previously Android Market) is a digital distribution service operated and developed by Google.

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Handheld game console

A handheld game console is a small, portable self-contained video game console with a built-in screen, game controls, and speakers.

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Handheld TV game

A handheld TV game or just TV game or a plug and play game is an interactive entertainment device designed for use on a television set that integrates the video game console with the game controller.

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Head over Heels (video game)

Head Over Heels is an action-adventure video game, released in for several 8-bit home computers, and subsequently ported to a wide range of formats.

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Heat sink

A heat sink (also commonly spelled heatsink) is a passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device to a fluid medium, often air or a liquid coolant, where it is dissipated away from the device, thereby allowing regulation of the device's temperature at optimal levels.

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Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the derived unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI) and is defined as one cycle per second.

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Hexadecimal

In mathematics and computing, hexadecimal (also base, or hex) is a positional numeral system with a radix, or base, of 16.

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Home computer

Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s.

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Horizons: Software Starter Pack

Horizons: Software Starter Pack is a software compilation for the ZX Spectrum, designed by Psion Software Ltd and published by Sinclair Research Ltd in 1982.

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Hyper Sports

Hyper Sports, known in Japan as is an arcade game published in 1984 by Konami.

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Image resolution

Image resolution is the detail an image holds.

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Instant messaging

Instant messaging (IM) technology is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the Internet.

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Integrated circuit

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon.

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IPad

iPad is a line of tablet computers designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc., which run the iOS mobile operating system.

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ITunes

iTunes is a media player, media library, Internet radio broadcaster, and mobile device management application developed by Apple Inc. It was announced on January 9, 2001.

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Jeff Minter

Jeff Minter (born in 22 April 1962 in Reading) is an independent English video game designer and programmer who often goes by the name Yak.

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Jet Set Willy

Jet Set Willy is a platform video game originally written by Matthew Smith for the ZX Spectrum home computer.

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Jon Ritman

Jon Ritman is a software developer, notable for his work on major 1980s video games.

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Jonathan Smith (games programmer)

Jonathan "Joffa" M. Smith (1 February 1967 – 26 June 2010) was a British games programmer, best known for his titles for the ZX Spectrum.

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Julian Gollop

Julian Gollop is a British video game designer and producer specializing in strategy games, who has founded and led Mythos Games, Codo Technologies and Snapshot Games.

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Kansas City standard

The Kansas City standard (KCS), or Byte standard, is a way of storing digital data on standard audio cassettes at data rates between 300 and 2400 baud that was first defined in 1976.

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Kempston Interface

The Kempston Interface, produced by Kempston Micro Electronics, is a joystick interface used on Sinclair's ZX Spectrum series of computers that allow joysticks complying with the de facto Atari joystick port standard to be used with the machine.

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Kempston Micro Electronics

Kempston Micro Electronics was an electronics company specialising in computer joysticks and related home computer peripherals during the 1980s.

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Kickstarter

Kickstarter is an American public-benefit corporation based in Brooklyn, New York, that maintains a global crowdfunding platform focused on creativity and merchandising.

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Kilobyte

The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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Knight Lore

Knight Lore is a 1984 action-adventure game known for popularising isometric graphics in video games.

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Konami's Ping Pong

Konami's Ping Pong is a sports arcade game created in 1985 by Konami.

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Lenslok

Lenslok is a copy protection mechanism found in some computer games and other software on the 8-bit Atari computers, Commodore 64, Sinclair ZX Spectrum, Sinclair QL, MSX and Amstrad CPC.

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Line level

Line level is the specified strength of an audio signal used to transmit analog sound between audio components such as CD and DVD players, television sets, audio amplifiers, and mixing consoles.

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List of ZX Spectrum clones

The following is a list of clones of Sinclair Research's ZX Spectrum home computer.

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List of ZX Spectrum games

This is a sortable list of games for the ZX Spectrum home computer.

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Local area network

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.

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LocoScript

The word processing software package LocoScript by Locomotive Software was introduced as one of the programs bundled with the Amstrad PCW, a personal computer launched in 1985.

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Logo

A logo (abbreviation of logotype, from λόγος logos "word" and τύπος typos "imprint") is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition.

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Magazine

A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published (sometimes referred to as an online magazine).

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Manic Miner

Manic Miner is a platform video game originally written for the ZX Spectrum by Matthew Smith and released by Bug-Byte in 1983 (later re-released by Software Projects).

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Match Day

Match Day is a football computer game, published by Ocean Software in 1984, originally on the ZX Spectrum and then later released on the Amstrad CPC, BBC Micro, & Commodore 64 systems.

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Match Day II

Match Day II is a football sports game part of the Match Day series released for the Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, MSX and Commodore 64 platforms.

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Matthew Smith (games programmer)

Matthew Smith (born 1966) is a British computer game programmer.

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Micronet 800

Micronet 800 was an information provider (IP) on Prestel, aimed at the 1980s personal computer market.

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Microsphere (software company)

Microsphere was a small British software company formed in Muswell Hill, north London in 1982 by husband and wife team David and Helen Reidy, best known for several popular computer games in the mid 1980s.

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MIDI

MIDI (short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a technical standard that describes a communications protocol, digital interface, and electrical connectors that connect a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and related music and audio devices.

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Mike Singleton

Mike Singleton (21 February 1951 – 10 October 2012) was a British video game designer who wrote various well-regarded titles for the ZX Spectrum during the 1980s.

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Mikie

Mikie is a arcade game produced by Konami.

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Miles Gordon Technology

Miles Gordon Technology, known as MGT, was a small British company, initially specialising in high-quality add-ons for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer.

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Modem

A modem (modulator–demodulator) is a network hardware device that modulates one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information for transmission and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information.

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Multiface

The Multiface was a hardware peripheral released by Romantic Robot for several 1980s home computers.

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NEC

is a Japanese multinational provider of information technology (IT) services and products, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

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Nintendo

Nintendo Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational consumer electronics and video game company headquartered in Kyoto.

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Novella

A novella is a text of written, fictional, narrative prose normally longer than a short story but shorter than a novel, somewhere between 7,500 and 40,000 words.

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OCP Art Studio

OCP Art Studio or Art Studio was a popular bitmap graphics editor released in 1985, created by Oxford Computer Publishing and written by James Hutchby (original ZX Spectrum version).

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Oliver Twins

Andrew Nicholas Oliver and Philip Edward Oliver, collectively known as the Oliver Twins, are British twin brothers and video game designers.

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Online shopping

Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser.

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Oric

Oric was the name used by Tangerine Computer Systems for a series of home computers, including the original Oric-1, its successor the Oric Atmos and the later Oric Stratos/IQ164 and Oric Telestrat models (model names stylized in upper case).

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Parallel port

A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers (personal and otherwise) for connecting peripherals.

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Parsing

Parsing, syntax analysis or syntactic analysis is the process of analysing a string of symbols, either in natural language, computer languages or data structures, conforming to the rules of a formal grammar.

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Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.

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Pentagon (computer)

The Pentagon (Пентагон) home computer was a clone of the British-made Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128.

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Pete Cooke

Pete Cooke (born 1956) is a British computer games programmer, best known for his work published in the 1980s for the 8-bit home computers, especially the ZX Spectrum.

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Phonograph record

A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English, or record) is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.

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Pinout

In electronics, a pinout (sometimes written "pin-out") is a cross-reference between the contacts, or pins, of an electrical connector or electronic component, and their functions.

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Popular Computing Weekly

Popular Computing Weekly was a computer magazine in the UK published from 1982 to 1990.

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Prestel

Prestel (abbrev. from press telephone), the brand name for the UK Post Office's Viewdata technology, was an interactive videotex system developed during the late 1970s and commercially launched in 1979.

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Printed circuit board

A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically connects electronic components or electrical components using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate.

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Programming language

A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.

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Quicksilva

Quicksilva was a British games software publisher active during the early 1980s.

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R-Type

is a side scrolling shoot-em-up arcade game produced by Irem in 1987.

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Random-access memory

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer data storage that stores data and machine code currently being used.

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Rare (company)

Rare Limited is a British video game developer based in Twycross, England.

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Read-only memory

Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.

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Rebelstar (series)

The Rebelstar games are a series of turn-based tactics video games designed by Julian Gollop.

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Renegade (video game)

Renegade is a video game released in 1986 by Taito.

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Retro Computers

Retro Computers Limited. is a company that is known for manufacturing retro themed electronics, and entertainment software development.

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RF modulator

An RF modulator (or radio frequency modulator) is an electronic device whose input is a baseband signal which is used to modulate a radio frequency source.

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RGB color model

The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.

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Richard Altwasser

Richard Francis Altwasser is a British engineer and inventor, responsible for the hardware design of the ZX Spectrum.

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Rick Dickinson

Rick Dickinson (c. 1957 – 24 April 2018) was a British industrial designer who developed pioneering computer designs in the 1980s.

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ROM cartridge

A ROM cartridge, sometimes referred to simply as a cartridge or cart, is a removable enclosure containing ROM designed to be connected to a consumer electronics device such as a home computer, video game console and to a lesser extent, electronic musical instruments.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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RS-232

In telecommunications, RS-232, Recommended Standard 232 is a standard introduced in 1960 for serial communication transmission of data.

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Saboteur (1985 video game)

Saboteur! is a stealth action-adventure game created by Clive Townsend and published by Durell Software in 1985 for several 8-bit home computer formats.

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Saint George's Day

Saint George's Day, also known as the Feast of Saint George, is the feast day of Saint George as celebrated by various Christian Churches and by the several nations, kingdoms, countries, and cities of which Saint George is the patron saint.

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SAM Coupé

The SAM Coupé (pronounced /sæm ku:peɪ/ from its original British English branding) is an 8-bit British home computer that was first released in late 1989.

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Scrolling

In computer displays, filmmaking, television production, and other kinetic displays, scrolling is sliding text, images or video across a monitor or display, vertically or horizontally.

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Secure Digital

Secure Digital (SD) is a non-volatile memory card format developed by the SD Card Association (SDA) for use in portable devices.

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Shiny Entertainment

Shiny Entertainment, Inc. was an American video game developer based in Laguna Beach, Southern California, and the creator of titles including Earthworm Jim, MDK and Enter the Matrix.

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Silicon Dreams

Silicon Dreams is a trilogy of interactive fiction games developed by Level 9 Computing during the 1980s.

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SIMO TCI

SIMO TCI is an International Data Processing, Multimedia and Communications Show (consumer electronics) held every autumn (7–12 November) in Madrid, Spain.

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Sinclair BASIC

Sinclair BASIC is a dialect of the programming language BASIC used in the 8-bit home computers from Sinclair Research and Timex Sinclair.

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Sinclair QL

The Sinclair QL (for Quantum leap), is a personal computer launched by Sinclair Research in 1984, as an upper-end counterpart to the Sinclair ZX Spectrum.

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Sinclair Research

Sinclair Research Ltd is a British consumer electronics company founded by Clive Sinclair in Cambridge.

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Sinclair User

Sinclair User, often abbreviated SU, was a magazine dedicated to the Sinclair Research range of home computers, most specifically the ZX Spectrum (while also occasionally covering arcade games).

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Skool Daze

Skool Daze is a computer game released by Microsphere in 1984 for the ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64 computers.

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Software

Computer software, or simply software, is a generic term that refers to a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, that actually performs the work.

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Sound card

A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal expansion card that provides input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spanish peseta

The peseta was the currency of Spain between 1869 and 2002.

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Spectrofon

Spectrofon was an electronic magazine for ZX Spectrum produced in Russia by the developer group STEP Interactive from Moscow.

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Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet is an interactive computer application for organization, analysis and storage of data in tabular form.

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Sprite (computer graphics)

In computer graphics, a sprite is a two-dimensional bitmap that is integrated into a larger scene.

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Stamper brothers

Brothers Tim and Chris Stamper founded the British video game companies Ultimate Play the Game and Rare.

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Steve Vickers (computer scientist)

Steve Vickers (born c. 1953) is a British mathematician and computer scientist.

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Tasword

Tasword is a word processor for the ZX Spectrum developed by Tasman Software.

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Tau Ceti (video game)

Tau Ceti is a science fiction themed computer game first published in 1985 by CRL for the ZX Spectrum and later converted to several other platforms.

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Television

Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in colour, and in two or three dimensions and sound.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Games Machine

The Games Machine was a video game magazine that was published from 1987 until 1990 in the United Kingdom by Newsfield, which also published CRASH, Zzap!64, Amtix! and other magazines.

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The Hobbit (1982 video game)

The Hobbit is an illustrated text adventure computer game released in for the ZX Spectrum home computer and based on the book The Hobbit, by J. R. R. Tolkien.

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The Lords of Midnight

The Lords of Midnight is an epic fantasy video game combining aspects of war games and graphic adventures, written by Mike Singleton and originally released in 1984 for the.

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The Way of the Exploding Fist

The Way of the Exploding Fist is a 1985 fighting game by Gregg Barnett, Bruce Bayley and David Johnston of Beam Software.

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Tim Follin

Timothy John Follin (born 19 December 1970) is an English former video game music composer who has written tracks for a variety of titles and home gaming systems, including the ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64, Amiga, Atari ST, Nintendo Entertainment System, Mega Drive, Super NES, Game Boy, Dreamcast and PlayStation.

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Timex Computer 2048

The TC-2048 or Timex Computer 2048 is a 1984 computer created by "Timex North American, Lda", a branch of Timex Corporation.

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Timex Computer 3256

The TC 3256 or Timex Computer 3256 was a computer created by Timex of Portugal, a branch of Timex Corporation.

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Timex FDD3000

The Timex FDD 3000 was a nearly complete computer by Timex of Portugal.

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Timex Group

Timex Group B.V., or Timex Group, is a Dutch holding company headquartered in Hoofddorp, the Netherlands, and the corporate parent of several global watchmaking companies including Timex Group USA, Inc., TMX Philippines, Inc., and Timex Group India Ltd.

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Timex Group USA

Timex Group USA, Inc. (formerly known as Timex Corporation) is an American manufacturing company founded in 1854.

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Timex Sinclair

Timex Sinclair was a joint venture between the British company Sinclair Research and Timex Corporation in an effort to gain an entry into the rapidly growing early-1980s home computer market in North America.

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Timex Sinclair 2068

The Timex Sinclair 2068 (TS2068), released in November 1983, was Timex Sinclair's fourth and last home computer for the United States market.

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TK90X

The TK90X was the first Brazilian ZX Spectrum clone made in 1985 by Microdigital Electrônica, a company located in São Paulo, Brazil, that had manufactured some ZX81 clones (TK82C, TK83 and TK85) and ZX80 clones (TK80, TK82) before.

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TK95

The TK95 microcomputer was the evolution of the TK90X made in the second half of the 1980s by Microdigital Eletronica, a company located at São Paulo, Brazil that manufactured some ZX81 clones before (TK82, TK82C, TK83 and TK85) and a ZX80 clone (TK80). The first version was launched in November 1986. The case was redesigned (copied from the Commodore Plus/4) and the keyboard was said to be "semi-professional" (according to the Brazilian manufacturer), with the some additional commands that did not exist in the ZX Spectrums (for characters defined by the user — UDG), and more compatibility with the original ZX Spectrum (some games did not run on the TK90X but ran well on the TK95). There was a version with 48 kilobytes of RAM. Inside, the same processor: Z80A running at 3.58 MHz, a ROM chip and some RAM chips (old dynamic rams 4116 and 4416). Microdigital did some reverse engineering to develop a chip with the functions of the original ULA from Sinclair/Ferranti. The modulator was tuned to VHF channel 3 and the TV system was PAL-M (60 Hz). The cassette interface ran at a faster speed than the Spectrum. Only two peripherals were released by Microdigital — a light pen interface and a parallel printer interface. Some other small companies in Brazil released clone versions of Interface 1 joysticks (Atari 2600-compatibles) and interfaces for 5¼" PC drives (360 kB). The games had questionable legality being close to copies of the originals and the fans of the ZX Spectrum computer in Brazil were counted in tens of thousands.

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Transistor–transistor logic

Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) is a logic family built from bipolar junction transistors.

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Type-in program

A type-in program, type-in listing, or sometimes just type-in, is a listing of source code printed in a computer magazine or book, meant to be entered on the computer's keyboard by the reader and then saved to cassette or disk.

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Ultimate Play the Game

Ashby Computers and Graphics Limited, doing business as Ultimate Play the Game, was a British video game developer and publisher, founded in 1982, by ex-arcade game developers Tim and Chris Stamper.

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Video game design

Video game design is the process of designing the content and rules of a video game in the pre-production stage and designing the gameplay, environment, storyline, and characters in the production stage.

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Videoface

Videoface Digitiser is a video digitiser interface for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computer.

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Viewdata

Viewdata is a Videotex implementation.

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Voltage regulator

A voltage regulator is an electronic circuit that provides a stable DC voltage independent of the load current, temperature and AC line voltage variations.

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War in Middle Earth

War in Middle Earth is a real-time strategy game released for the ZX Spectrum, MSX, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC, MS-DOS, Commodore Amiga, Apple IIGS, and Atari ST in 1988 by Australian company Melbourne House.

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Watford Electronics

Watford Electronics was a British computer electronics company.

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Word processor

A word processor is a computer program or device that provides for input, editing, formatting and output of text, often plus other features.

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X-COM

X-COM (sometimes stylized as X-Com) is a science fiction video game franchise featuring an elite international organization tasked with countering alien invasions of Earth.

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Your Computer (British magazine)

Your Computer was a British computer magazine published monthly from 1981 to 1988, and aimed at the burgeoning home computer market.

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Your Sinclair

Your Sinclair, or YS as it was commonly abbreviated, was a British computer magazine for the Sinclair range of computers, mainly the ZX Spectrum.

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Zilog Z80

The Z80 CPU is an 8-bit based microprocessor.

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ZX Interface 1

A peripheral from Sinclair Research for its ZX Spectrum home computer, the ZX Interface 1 was launched in 1983.

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ZX Interface 2

The ZX Interface 2 is a peripheral from Sinclair Research for its ZX Spectrum home computer released in September 1983.

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ZX Microdrive

The ZX Microdrive is a magnetic tape data storage system launched in July 1983 by Sinclair Research for its ZX Spectrum home computer.

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ZX Printer

The Sinclair ZX Printer is a spark printer which was produced by Sinclair Research for its ZX81 home computer.

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ZX Spectrum character set

The ZX Spectrum character set is the variant of ASCII used in the British Sinclair ZX Spectrum family computers.

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ZX Spectrum Contended Memory

Some of the ZX Spectrum's 64 KB addressable memory space is referred to as contended memory.

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ZX Spectrum graphic modes

The ZX Spectrum is generally considered to have limited graphical capabilities in comparison to some other home computers of the same era such as the Commodore 64, largely due to its lack of a dedicated graphics chip.

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ZX Spectrum Vega

The ZX Spectrum Vega is a modern redesign of the ZX Spectrum in the form of a miniaturized TV game, that comes preloaded with several games from the platform, endorsed by Sir Clive Sinclair.

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ZX Spectrum Vega+

The Sinclair ZX Spectrum Vega+ is an unreleased handheld games console based on the ZX Spectrum and designed by Rick Dickinson as a follow-up to the ZX Spectrum Vega handheld TV game which was released in 2015.

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ZX81

The ZX81 is a home computer that was produced by Sinclair Research and manufactured in Dundee, Scotland by Timex Corporation.

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8-bit

8-bit is also a generation of microcomputers in which 8-bit microprocessors were the norm.

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Redirects here:

+3 DOS, +3DOS, Amstrad ZX Spectrum +3, Sinclair Spectrum, Sinclair ZX Spectrum, Sinclair ZX Spectrum 48K, Sinclair ZX spectrum, Spectrum (computer), Spectrum +3, Spectrum 48k, Spectrum Plus 2, Spectrum Vega, Spectrum ZX, World of Spectrum, World of spectrum, ZX Spectra, ZX Spectrum +2, ZX Spectrum +3, ZX Spectrum 128, ZX Spectrum Next, ZX Spectrum+, ZX spectrum, ZX-82, ZX-Spectrum, ZX82, Zx spectrum, Zx spectrum +2, Zx spectrum +3.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZX_Spectrum

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