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152 relations: Addiction, Adrenaline, Adverse drug reaction, Akathisia, Allergy, Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor, Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor, Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor, Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor, American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Amine, Amnesia, Analgesic, Anaphylaxis, Anticholinergic, Antidepressant, Antidote, Antiemetic, Antihistamine, Antiparkinson medication, Antipsychotic, Anxiety, Anxiolytic, Ataxia, Azelastine, Beers Criteria, Benadryl, Benzodiazepine, Bioavailability, Biological half-life, Blood–brain barrier, Breastfeeding, Brompheniramine, Capillary, Carboxylic acid, Central nervous system, Cetirizine, Chlorphenamine, Choosing Wisely, Common cold, Confusion, Cycloplegia, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, Delirium, Demethylation, Derivative (chemistry), Desloratadine, Diphenylmethane, Dizziness, ..., Dopamine receptor D2, Dysphoria, Electron ionization, Enzyme inhibitor, Epileptic seizure, Erectile dysfunction, Ethanol, Ethanolamine, Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Extrapyramidal symptoms, Feces, Fexofenadine, Fluoxetine, Gas chromatography, Generic drug, George Rieveschl, Hallucination, Heart arrhythmia, Histamine, Histamine H1 receptor, Histamine H2 receptor, Histamine H3 receptor, Histamine H4 receptor, Histamine N-methyltransferase, Hives, Hypnotic, Insomnia, Intramuscular injection, Intravenous therapy, Inverse agonist, Itch, Levocetirizine, Lidocaine, Liver, Local anesthetic, Loratadine, Mass spectrometry, McNeil Consumer Healthcare, Medicine, Methadone, Morphine, Motion sickness, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5, Muscarinic antagonist, Mydriasis, Nausea, Nefopam, Neurotransmitter, Opioid peptide, Oral administration, Orientation (mental), Orphenadrine, Paracetamol, Paradoxical reaction, Parkinsonism, Pharmacodynamics, Photophobia, Physostigmine, Potassium channel, Potentiator, Pregnancy, Pregnancy category, Procter & Gamble, Psychomotor agitation, Psychosis, QT interval, Receptor antagonist, Rectal administration, Redox, Reuptake, Schizophrenia, Sedation, Sedative, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Self-administration, Serotonin, Sodium channel, Sodium channel blocker, Sominex, Structural analog, Substance abuse, Tachycardia, Tofenacin, Topical medication, Torsades de pointes, Tremor, University of Cincinnati, Urinary retention, Urine, Vertigo, Voltage-gated potassium channel, Vomiting, Xerostomia, Zambia, Zimelidine, 5-HT2A receptor, 5-HT2C receptor. Expand index (102 more) »
Addiction
Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.
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Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.
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Adverse drug reaction
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an injury caused by taking a medication.
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Akathisia
Akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and inability to stay still.
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Allergy
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.
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Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
The alpha-1B adrenergic receptor (α1B adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRA1B, is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.
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Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
The alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (α2A adrenoceptor), also known as ADRA2A, is an α2 adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.
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Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
The alpha-2B adrenergic receptor (α2B adrenoceptor), is a G-protein coupled receptor.
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Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
The alpha-2C adrenergic receptor (α2C adrenoceptor), also known as ADRA2C, is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.
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American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
The American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine (AAHPM) is a professional organization for physicians specializing in Hospice and Palliative Medicine, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.
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Amine
In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.
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Amnesia
Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma.
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Analgesic
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.
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Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death.
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Anticholinergic
An anticholinergic agent is a substance that blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the central and the peripheral nervous system.
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Antidepressant
Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions, including dysthymia, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, neuropathic pain and, in some cases, dysmenorrhoea, snoring, migraine, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), addiction, dependence, and sleep disorders.
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Antidote
An antidote is a substance which can counteract a form of poisoning.
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Antiemetic
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea.
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Antihistamine
Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis and other allergies.
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Antiparkinson medication
An antiparkinson medication is a type of drug which is intended to treat and relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Antipsychotic
Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.
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Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that inhibits anxiety.
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Ataxia
Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that includes gait abnormality.
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Azelastine
Azelastine is a potent, second-generation, selective, histamine antagonist (histamine-H1-receptor antagonist) used as a first line therapy of mild intermittent, moderate/severe intermittent and mild persistent rhinitis (new classification system for rhinitis).
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Beers Criteria
The Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults, commonly called the Beers List, are guidelines for healthcare professionals to help improve the safety of prescribing medications for older adults.
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Benadryl
Benadryl is a brand name for a number of different antihistamine medications used to treat allergies.
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Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
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Bioavailability
In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA or F) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.
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Biological half-life
The biological half-life of a biological substance is the time it takes for half to be removed by biological processes when the rate of removal is roughly exponential.
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Blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast.
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Brompheniramine
Brompheniramine (Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, Dimetane, BPN, Lodrane), commonly marketed as its salt brompheniramine maleate, is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine (alkylamine) class.
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Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel from 5 to 10 micrometres (µm) in diameter, and having a wall one endothelial cell thick.
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Carboxylic acid
A carboxylic acid is an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(.
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Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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Cetirizine
Cetirizine, prominently marketed under the brand name Zyrtec among others, is a potent second-generation antihistamine used in the treatment of hay fever, allergies, angioedema, and urticaria.
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Chlorphenamine
Chlorphenamine (also known as chlorpheniramine, CP, or CPM) is a first-generation antihistamine used in the prevention of the symptoms of allergic conditions such as rhinitis and urticaria.
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Choosing Wisely
Choosing Wisely is a United States-based health educational campaign, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM).
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Common cold
The common cold, also known simply as a cold, is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the nose.
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Confusion
Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, from confundere: "to pour together;" "to mingle together;" "to confuse") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind about something.
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Cycloplegia
Cycloplegia is paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation.
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CYP2D6
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2D6 gene.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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Delirium
Delirium, also known as acute confusional state, is an organically caused decline from a previously baseline level of mental function.
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Demethylation
Demethylation is the chemical process resulting in the removal of a methyl group (CH3) from a molecule.
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Derivative (chemistry)
In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction.
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Desloratadine
Desloratadine (trade name Clarinex in the US and Aerius in Europe and Canada) is a tricyclic H1-antihistamine that is used to treat allergies.
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Diphenylmethane
Diphenylmethane is an organic compound with the formula (C6H5)2CH2.
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Dizziness
Dizziness is an impairment in spatial perception and stability.
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Dopamine receptor D2
Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.
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Dysphoria
Dysphoria (from δύσφορος (dysphoros), δυσ-, difficult, and φέρειν, to bear) is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction.
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Electron ionization
Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization and electron bombardment ionization) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons interact with solid or gas phase atoms or molecules to produce ions.
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Enzyme inhibitor
4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
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Epileptic seizure
An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
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Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is a type of sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity.
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Ethanol
Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.
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Ethanolamine
Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine, ETA, or MEA) is an organic chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2NH2.
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Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Psychological Association.
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Extrapyramidal symptoms
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), also known as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE), are drug-induced movement disorders that include acute and tardive symptoms.
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Feces
Feces (or faeces) are the solid or semisolid remains of the food that could not be digested in the small intestine.
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Fexofenadine
Fexofenadine, sold under the trade name Allegra among others is an antihistamine pharmaceutical drug used in the treatment of allergy symptoms, such as hay fever and urticaria.
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Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine, also known by trade names Prozac and Sarafem, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
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Gas chromatography
Gas chromatography (GC) is a common type of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing compounds that can be vaporized without decomposition.
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Generic drug
A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that is equivalent to a brand-name product in dosage, strength, route of administration, quality, performance, and intended use, but does not carry the brand name.
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George Rieveschl
George Rieveschl (January 9, 1916 – September 27, 2007) was an American chemist and professor.
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Hallucination
A hallucination is a perception in the absence of external stimulus that has qualities of real perception.
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Heart arrhythmia
Heart arrhythmia (also known as arrhythmia, dysrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat) is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow.
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Histamine
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in local immune responses, as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord, and uterus.
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Histamine H1 receptor
The H1 receptor is a histamine receptor belonging to the family of rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Histamine H2 receptor
H2 receptors are positively coupled to adenylate cyclase via Gs.
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Histamine H3 receptor
Histamine H3 receptors are expressed in the central nervous system and to a lesser extent the peripheral nervous system, where they act as autoreceptors in presynaptic histaminergic neurons, and also control histamine turnover by feedback inhibition of histamine synthesis and release.
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Histamine H4 receptor
The histamine H4 receptor is, like the other three histamine receptors, a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily.
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Histamine N-methyltransferase
Histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT, HNMT) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HNMT gene.
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Hives
Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.
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Hypnotic
Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep) or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and to be used in the treatment of insomnia (sleeplessness), or surgical anesthesia.
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Insomnia
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.
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Intramuscular injection
Intramuscular (also IM or im) injection is the injection of a substance directly into muscle.
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Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).
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Inverse agonist
In the field of pharmacology, an inverse agonist is an agent that binds to the same receptor as an agonist but induces a pharmacological response opposite to that agonist.
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Itch
Itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
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Levocetirizine
Levocetirizine (as levocetirizine dihydrochloride) is a third-generation, non-sedating antihistamine, developed from the second-generation antihistamine cetirizine.
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Lidocaine
Lidocaine, also known as xylocaine and lignocaine, is a medication used to numb tissue in a specific area.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Local anesthetic
A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes reversible absence of pain sensation, although other senses are often affected, as well.
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Loratadine
Loratadine, sold under the brand name Claritin among others, is a medication used to treat allergies.
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Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio.
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McNeil Consumer Healthcare
McNeil Consumer Healthcare is an American medicals products company belonging to the Johnson & Johnson healthcare products group.
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Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.
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Methadone
Methadone, sold under the brand name Dolophine among others, is an opioid used to treat pain and as maintenance therapy or to help with tapering in people with opioid dependence.
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Morphine
Morphine is a pain medication of the opiate variety which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
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Motion sickness
Motion sickness is a condition in which a disagreement exists between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, or mAChRs, are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1, is a muscarinic receptor that in humans is encoded by the CHRM1 gene.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor that in humans is encoded by the CHRM2 gene.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, also known as cholinergic/acetylcholine receptor M3, or the muscarinic 3, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor encoded by the human gene CHRM3.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 (CHRM4), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CHRM4 gene.
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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5
The human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5, encoded by the gene, is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins.
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Muscarinic antagonist
A muscarinic receptor antagonist (MRA) is a type of anticholinergic agent that blocks the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.
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Mydriasis
Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, or sometimes a physiological pupillary response.
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Nausea
Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.
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Nefopam
Nefopam, sold under the brand names Acupan among others, is a painkilling medication.
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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Opioid peptide
Opioid peptides are peptides that bind to opioid receptors in the brain; opiates and opioids mimic the effect of these peptides.
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Oral administration
| name.
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Orientation (mental)
Orientation is a function of the mind involving awareness of three dimensions: time, place and person.
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Orphenadrine
Orphenadrine (sold under many brand names worldwide Page accessed Feb 5, 2016) is an anticholinergic drug of the ethanolamine antihistamine class; it is closely related to diphenhydramine.
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Paracetamol
--> Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of Antifebrin by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886. But its unacceptable toxic effects, the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia, prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives. Harmon Northrop Morse had already synthesised paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of ''p''-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877, but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans. In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with phenacetin, another aniline derivative. Von Mering claimed that, unlike phenacetin, paracetamol had a slight tendency to produce methemoglobinemia. Paracetamol was then quickly discarded in favor of phenacetin. The sales of phenacetin established Bayer as a leading pharmaceutical company. Overshadowed in part by aspirin, introduced into medicine by Heinrich Dreser in 1899, phenacetin was popular for many decades, particularly in widely advertised over-the-counter "headache mixtures", usually containing phenacetin, an aminopyrine derivative of aspirin, caffeine, and sometimes a barbiturate. Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, both once popular as analgesics and antipyretics in their own right. However, unlike phenacetin, acetanilide and their combinations, paracetamol is not considered carcinogenic at therapeutic doses. Von Mering's claims remained essentially unchallenged for half a century, until two teams of researchers from the United States analyzed the metabolism of acetanilide and paracetamol. In 1947 David Lester and Leon Greenberg found strong evidence that paracetamol was a major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and in a subsequent study they reported that large doses of paracetamol given to albino rats did not cause methemoglobinemia. In three papers published in the September 1948 issue of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bernard Brodie, Julius Axelrod and Frederick Flinn confirmed using more specific methods that paracetamol was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was just as efficacious an analgesic as its precursor. They also suggested that methemoglobinemia is produced in humans mainly by another metabolite, phenylhydroxylamine. A follow-up paper by Brodie and Axelrod in 1949 established that phenacetin was also metabolised to paracetamol. This led to a "rediscovery" of paracetamol. It has been suggested that contamination of paracetamol with 4-aminophenol, the substance von Mering synthesised it from, may be the cause for his spurious findings. Paracetamol was first marketed in the United States in 1950 under the name Triagesic, a combination of paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine. Reports in 1951 of three users stricken with the blood disease agranulocytosis led to its removal from the marketplace, and it took several years until it became clear that the disease was unconnected. Paracetamol was marketed in 1953 by Sterling-Winthrop Co. as Panadol, available only by prescription, and promoted as preferable to aspirin since it was safe for children and people with ulcers. In 1955, paracetamol was marketed as Children's Tylenol Elixir by McNeil Laboratories. In 1956, 500 mg tablets of paracetamol went on sale in the United Kingdom under the trade name Panadol, produced by Frederick Stearns & Co, a subsidiary of Sterling Drug Inc. In 1963, paracetamol was added to the British Pharmacopoeia, and has gained popularity since then as an analgesic agent with few side-effects and little interaction with other pharmaceutical agents. Concerns about paracetamol's safety delayed its widespread acceptance until the 1970s, but in the 1980s paracetamol sales exceeded those of aspirin in many countries, including the United Kingdom. This was accompanied by the commercial demise of phenacetin, blamed as the cause of analgesic nephropathy and hematological toxicity. In 1988 Sterling Winthrop was acquired by Eastman Kodak which sold the over the counter drug rights to SmithKline Beecham in 1994. Available without a prescription since 1959, it has since become a common household drug. Patents on paracetamol have long expired, and generic versions of the drug are widely available.
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Paradoxical reaction
A paradoxical reaction or paradoxical effect is an effect of medical treatment, usually a drug, opposite to the effect which would normally be expected.
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Parkinsonism
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability.
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Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs).
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Photophobia
Photophobia is a symptom of abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light.
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Physostigmine
Physostigmine (also known as eserine from éséré, the West African name for the Calabar bean) is a highly toxic parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.
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Potassium channel
Potassium channels are the most widely distributed type of ion channel and are found in virtually all living organisms.
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Potentiator
In clinical terms, a potentiator is a reagent that enhances sensitization of an antigen.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Pregnancy category
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy.
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Procter & Gamble
Procter & Gamble Co. (P&G) is an American multi-national consumer goods corporation headquartered in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, founded in 1837 by British American William Procter and Irish American James Gamble.
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Psychomotor agitation
Psychomotor agitation is a set of signs and symptoms that stem from mental tension and anxiety.
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Psychosis
Psychosis is an abnormal condition of the mind that results in difficulties telling what is real and what is not.
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QT interval
In cardiology, the QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave in the heart's electrical cycle.
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Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
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Rectal administration
Rectal administration uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels,The rectum has numerous blood vessels available to absorb drugs.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Reuptake
Reuptake is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter located along the plasma membrane of an axon terminal (i.e., the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse) or glial cell after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse.
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Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.
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Sedation
Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure.
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Sedative
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.
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Self-administration
Self-administration is, in its medical sense, the process of a subject administering a pharmacological substance to him-, her-, or itself.
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Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
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Sodium channel
Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane.
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Sodium channel blocker
Sodium channel blockers are drugs which impair the conduction of sodium ions (Na+) through sodium channels.
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Sominex
Sominex is the trademarked name for several over the counter sleep aids.
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Structural analog
A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component.
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Substance abuse
Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder.
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
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Tofenacin
Tofenacin is an antidepressant drug with a tricyclic-like structure which was developed and marketed in the United Kingdom and Italy in 1971 and 1981, respectively, by Brocades-Stheeman & Pharmacia (now part of Astellas Pharma).
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Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.
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Torsades de pointes
Torsades de pointes or torsade depointes (TdP or simply torsade(s)) (translated as "twisting of the points"), is a specific type of abnormal heart rhythm that can lead to sudden cardiac death.
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Tremor
A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts.
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University of Cincinnati
The University of Cincinnati (commonly referred to as UC or Cincinnati) is a comprehensive public research university in Cincinnati, in the U.S. state of Ohio, and a part of the University System of Ohio.
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Urinary retention
Urinary retention is an inability to completely empty the bladder.
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Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.
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Vertigo
Vertigo is a symptom where a person feels as if they or the objects around them are moving when they are not.
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Voltage-gated potassium channel
Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane channels specific for potassium and sensitive to voltage changes in the cell's membrane potential.
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Vomiting
Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.
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Xerostomia
Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth and dry mouth syndrome, is dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva, or reduced salivary flow, or have no identifiable cause.
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Zambia
Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in south-central Africa, (although some sources prefer to consider it part of the region of east Africa) neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west.
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Zimelidine
Zimelidine (INN, BAN) (brand names Zimeldine, Normud, Zelmid) was one of the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants to be marketed.
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5-HT2A receptor
The mammalian 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
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5-HT2C receptor
The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of 5-HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenhydramine
