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1821

Index 1821

No description. [1]

336 relations: Act of Independence of Central America, Adolphus Frederick Alexander Woodford, Agia Lavra, Alexander I of Russia, Alexander Island, Alexandros Soutzos, American frontier, Amherst College, Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy, Andrei Alexandrovich Popov, Antarctic, Antarctica, April 1, April 10, April 20, April 3, April 6, April 9, Archbishop of Canterbury, Army of the Three Guarantees, Arthur Cayley, August, August 10, August 16, August 19, August 21, August 24, August 31, August 4, August Schleicher, Auguste Mariette, Badi VII, Bartolomé Mitre, Battle of Carabobo, Bowery Boys, Camille Jordan (politician), Carlo Porta, Córdoba, Veracruz, Charles Baudelaire, Charles Tupper, Chile, Clara Barton, Colombia, Confederate States Secretary of State, Costa Rica, Cotton, December 1, December 12, December 15, December 19, ..., December 22, December 24, December 25, December 6, December 7, Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire, Dominican Republic, Dorothea Ackermann, Dorothea von Medem, Drăgășani, Easter, Ecuador, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Edmund Colhoun, Egypt, El Salvador, El-Obeid, Elizabeth Ann Seton, Elizabeth Blackwell, Emilie Hammarskjöld, Encyclopædia Britannica, Eufrosina Popescu, Eyjafjallajökull, Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, February 11, February 17, February 19, February 23, February 24, February 3, February 9, Federation, Filiki Eteria, First Mexican Empire, Florida, Francis Preston Blair Jr., Francis Scott Key, Francisco de Paula Santander, Franz Karl Achard, Frederick Temple, Friedrich Engelhorn, Funj Sultanate, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Gabriel García Moreno, George Cavendish-Bentinck, George H. Cooper, George IV of the United Kingdom, George Powell (sealer), George Washington University, Germanos III of Old Patras, Giuseppe Bonavia, Gran Colombia, Grand Wizard, Greek War of Independence, Gregorian calendar, Gregory V of Constantinople, Guatemala, Gustave Flaubert, Haiti, Heinrich Kuhl, Henry Dunning Macleod, Hermann Allmers, Hermann von Helmholtz, History of Missouri, History of the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Iceland, Independence Act of Panama, Ion C. Brătianu, Iran, James Longstreet, James Monroe, January 16, January 19, January 2, January 21, January 28, January 4, January 5, January 8, Jarvis Island, Jay Cooke, Jean Rapp, Johann Dominicus Fiorillo, John Abbott, John C. Breckinridge, John Hunter (Royal Navy officer), John Keats, John M. B. Clitz, John Ross Key, John VI of Portugal, John Watts de Peyster, John William Polidori, Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, José Miguel Carrera, Joseph Hubert Reinkens, Juan O'Donojú, Julian calendar, July 1, July 10, July 13, July 16, July 17, July 18, July 19, July 2, July 24, July 27, July 28, July 4, July 9, June 14, June 16, June 17, June 19, June 2, June 24, June 26, June 27, June 30, June 7, Junius Brutus Booth Jr., Ku Klux Klan, List of national independence days, List of Vice Presidents of the United States, Lola Montez, Louis Vuitton (designer), March 1, March 12, March 13, March 15, March 25, March 31, March 4, March 5, March 9, Marie-Louise Lachapelle, Martín Miguel de Güemes, Mary Baker Eddy, Massachusetts, May 16, May 17, May 19, May 26, May 5, May 6, May 8, Mendoza, Argentina, Metropolitan bishop, Mexican War of Independence, Mexico City, Missouri, Mrs W. H. Foley, Napoleon, Nathan Bedford Forrest, Nathaniel Palmer, Navarino massacre, New Hampshire, New Hampton School, Nicaragua, November 11, November 16, November 28, November 30, November 8, Obstetrics, October 11, October 13, October 20, October 21, October 4, October 5, October 8, Old Catholic Church, Old Tom Morris, Ottoman Empire, Pafnuty Chebyshev, Panama, Pauline Viardot, Pōmare II, Pelham Dale, Peloponnesian Senate, Peru, Peter I Island, Phoebe Hessel, Plan of Iguala, President, President of Ecuador, Prime Minister of Canada, Princess Anka Obrenović, Princess Elizabeth of Clarence, Richard Cosway, Rudolf Virchow, Saint Helena, Santa Fe Trail, Sebastian Kneipp, Second inauguration of James Monroe, September 10, September 14, September 15, September 18, September 21, September 23, September 27, September 28, September 4, September 7, Siege of Tripolitsa, Simón Bolívar, Société de géographie, South Orkney Islands, Sudan, The Saturday Evening Post, Theodoros Kolokotronis, Treaty of Córdoba, Tripoli, Greece, Tudor Vladimirescu, U.S. state, Ukase, Ukase of 1821, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Venezuela, Vice president, Vice President of the United States, W. H. L. Wallace, William Becknell, William Henry Vanderbilt, William IV of the United Kingdom, William Milligan, William Poole, 1713, 1737, 1742, 1743, 1746, 1748, 1752, 1753, 1754, 1758, 1761, 1762, 1769, 1771, 1774, 1775, 1780, 1782, 1785, 1795, 1797, 1820, 1822, 1854, 1855, 1861, 1862, 1867, 1868, 1874, 1875, 1877, 1880, 1881, 1883, 1885, 1887, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1900, 1902, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1910, 1912, 1915. Expand index (286 more) »

Act of Independence of Central America

The Act of Independence of Central America, also known as the Act of Independence of Guatemala, is the legal document by which the Provincial Council of the Province of Guatemala proclaimed the independence of Central America from the Spanish Empire and invited the other provinces of the Captaincy General of Guatemala to send envoys to a congress to decide the form of the region's independence.

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Adolphus Frederick Alexander Woodford

Adolphus Frederick Alexander Woodford (1821–1887) was the eldest son of Alexander George Woodford, a career soldier who was already a hero of Waterloo, and would rise to Field Marshal, ending his days in command of Chelsea Hospital.

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Agia Lavra

Agia Lavra ("Holy Lavra") is a monastery near Kalavryta, Achaea, Greece.

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Alexander I of Russia

Alexander I (Александр Павлович, Aleksandr Pavlovich; –) reigned as Emperor of Russia between 1801 and 1825.

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Alexander Island

Alexander Island, which is also known as Alexander I Island, Alexander I Land, Alexander Land, Alexander I Archipelago, and Zemlja Alexandra I, is the largest island of Antarctica.

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Alexandros Soutzos

Alexandros Soutzos (1758 – January 18/19, 1821, Bucharest) was a Phanariote Greek who ruled as Prince of Moldavia (July 10, 1801 – October 1, 1802 and Prince of Wallachia (July 2, 1802 – August 30, 1802; August 24, 1806 – October 15, 1806; December 1806; November 17, 1818 – January 19, 1821). Born in Constantinople, he had earlier been Grand Dragoman of the Ottoman Empire.

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American frontier

The American frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward wave of American expansion that began with English colonial settlements in the early 17th century and ended with the admission of the last mainland territories as states in 1912.

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Amherst College

Amherst College is a private liberal arts college located in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States.

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Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy

Anatole Jean-Baptiste Antoine de Barthélemy (1 July 182127 June 1904) was a French archaeologist and numismatist.

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Andrei Alexandrovich Popov

Andrei Alexandrovich Popov (Андрей Александрович Попов) (21 September 1821 - 6 March 1898) was an officer of the Imperial Russian Navy, who saw action during the Crimean War, and became a noted naval designer.

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Antarctic

The Antarctic (US English, UK English or and or) is a polar region around the Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.

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April 1

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April 10

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April 20

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April 3

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April 6

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April 9

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Archbishop of Canterbury

The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury.

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Army of the Three Guarantees

At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees (Ejército Trigarante or Ejército de las Tres Garantías) was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agustín de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain.

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Arthur Cayley

Arthur Cayley F.R.S. (16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was a British mathematician.

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August

August is the eighth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, and the fifth of seven months to have a length of 31 days.

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August 10

The term 'the 10th of August' is widely used by historians as a shorthand for the Storming of the Tuileries Palace on the 10th of August, 1792, the effective end of the French monarchy until it was restored in 1814.

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August 16

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August 19

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August 21

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August 24

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August 31

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August 4

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August Schleicher

August Schleicher (19 February 1821 – 6 December 1868) was a German linguist.

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Auguste Mariette

François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette (11 February 182118 January 1881) was a French scholar, archaeologist and Egyptologist, and founder of the Egyptian Department of Antiquities (later Supreme Council of Antiquities).

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Badi VII

Badi VII (reigned 1805–1821) was the last ruler of the Kingdom of Sennar.

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Bartolomé Mitre

Bartolomé Mitre Martínez (26 June 1821 – 19 January 1906) was an Argentine statesman, military figure, and author.

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Battle of Carabobo

The Battle of Carabobo, on 24 June 1821, was fought between independence fighters, led by Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar, and the Royalist forces, led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre.

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Bowery Boys

The Bowery Boys were a Nativist, anti-Catholic, and anti-Irish gang based out of the Bowery neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City in the early-mid-19th century.

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Camille Jordan (politician)

Camille Jordan (11 January 1771, Lyon – 19 May 1821) was a French politician born in Lyon of a well-to-do mercantile family.

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Carlo Porta

Carlo Porta (June 15, 1775 – January 5, 1821) was an Italian poet, the most famous writer in Milanese (the central dialect of the Western Lombard language).

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Córdoba, Veracruz

Córdoba, officially known as Heroica Córdoba, is a city and the seat of the municipality of the same name in the Mexican state of Veracruz.

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Charles Baudelaire

Charles Pierre Baudelaire (April 9, 1821 – August 31, 1867) was a French poet who also produced notable work as an essayist, art critic, and pioneering translator of Edgar Allan Poe.

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Charles Tupper

Sir Charles Tupper, 1st Baronet, (July 2, 1821 – October 30, 1915) was a Canadian father of Confederation: as the Premier of Nova Scotia from 1864 to 1867, he led Nova Scotia into Confederation.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Clara Barton

Clarissa "Clara" Harlowe Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was a pioneering nurse who founded the American Red Cross.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.

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Confederate States Secretary of State

The Confederate States Secretary of State was the head of the Confederate States State Department from 1861 to 1865 during the American Civil War.

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Costa Rica

Costa Rica ("Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (República de Costa Rica), is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island.

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Cotton

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

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December 1

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December 12

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December 15

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December 19

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December 22

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December 24

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December 25

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December 6

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December 7

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Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire

The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire (Acta de Independencia del Imperio Mexicano), is the document by which the Mexican Empire declared independence from the Spanish Empire.

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Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic (República Dominicana) is a sovereign state located in the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region.

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Dorothea Ackermann

Dorothea Ackermann (12 February 1752 – 21 October 1821) was a German actress and eldest daughter of Konrad Ackermann and Sophie Charlotte Bierreichel.

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Dorothea von Medem

(Anna Charlotte) Dorothea von Medem (3 February 1761 – 20 August 1821) was born a Gräfin (Countess) of the noble German Baltic Medem family and later became Duchess of Courland (a Baltic region).

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Drăgășani

Drăgășani (archaic English: Dragashan) is a city in Vâlcea County, Romania, near the right bank of the Olt river, and on the railway between Caracal and Râmnicu Vâlcea.

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Easter

Easter,Traditional names for the feast in English are "Easter Day", as in the Book of Common Prayer, "Easter Sunday", used by James Ussher and Samuel Pepys and plain "Easter", as in books printed in,, also called Pascha (Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary 30 AD.

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Ecuador

Ecuador (Ikwadur), officially the Republic of Ecuador (República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Ikwadur Ripuwlika), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

The Ecumenical Patriarch (Η Αυτού Θειοτάτη Παναγιότης, ο Αρχιεπίσκοπος Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Νέας Ρώμης και Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης, "His Most Divine All-Holiness the Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and Ecumenical Patriarch") is the Archbishop of Constantinople–New Rome and ranks as primus inter pares (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that make up the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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Edmund Colhoun

Edmund Ross Colhoun (6 May 1821 – 17 February 1897) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy who served during the Mexican War and the American Civil War, in which he was commended for his participation in the bombardment and capture of Fort Fisher.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador (República de El Salvador, literally "Republic of The Savior"), is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America.

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El-Obeid

El-Obeid (الأبيض), is the capital of the state of North Kurdufan, in Sudan.

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Elizabeth Ann Seton

Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton, S.C., (August 28, 1774 – January 4, 1821) was the first native-born citizen of the United States to be canonized by the Roman Catholic Church (September 14, 1975).

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Elizabeth Blackwell

Elizabeth Blackwell (3 February 1821 – 31 May 1910) was a British physician, notable as the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States and the first woman on the Medical Register of the General Medical Council.

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Emilie Hammarskjöld

Emilie Augusta Kristina Hammarskjöld, née Holmberg, (6 May 1821 – 26 March 1854) was a Swedish born, American composer, singer, pianist, music teacher and organist.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Eufrosina Popescu

Eufrosina Popescu (October 20, 1821, Bucharest–1900, Fetești) was a Wallachian, later Romanian stage actor.

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Eyjafjallajökull

Eyjafjallajökull (English Island Mountain Glacier, is one of the smaller ice caps of Iceland, north of Skógar and west of Mýrdalsjökull. The ice cap covers the caldera of a volcano with a summit elevation of. The volcano has erupted relatively frequently since the last glacial period, most recently in 2010.

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Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen

Fabian Gottlieb Thaddeus von Bellingshausen (–; Фаддей Фаддеевич Беллинсгаузен, Faddey Faddeyevich Bellinsgauzen), a Russian officer of Baltic German descent in the Imperial Russian Navy, cartographer and explorer, ultimately rose to the rank of Admiral.

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February 11

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February 17

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February 19

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February 23

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February 24

For superstitious reasons, when the Romans began to intercalate to bring their calendar into line with the solar year, they chose not to place their extra month of Mercedonius after February but within it.

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February 3

No description.

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February 9

No description.

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Federation

A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federal) government.

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Filiki Eteria

Filiki Eteria or Society of Friends (Φιλική Εταιρεία or Εταιρεία των Φιλικών) was a secret 19th-century organization whose purpose was to overthrow the Ottoman rule of Greece and establish an independent Greek state.

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First Mexican Empire

The Mexican Empire (Imperio Mexicano) was a short-lived monarchy and the first independent post-colonial state in Mexico.

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Florida

Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.

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Francis Preston Blair Jr.

Francis Preston Blair Jr. (February 19, 1821July 8, 1875) was an American jurist, politician and soldier.

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Francis Scott Key

Francis Scott Key (August 1, 1779January 11, 1843) was an American lawyer, author, and amateur poet from Frederick, Maryland who is best known for writing a poem which later became the lyrics for the United States' national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner".

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Francisco de Paula Santander

Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña (Villa del Rosario de Cúcuta, Colombia, April 2, 1792 – Santafé de Bogotá, Colombia, May 6, 1840), was a Colombian military and political leader during the 1810–1819 independence war of the United Provinces of New Granada (present-day Colombia).

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Franz Karl Achard

Franz Karl Achard (April 28, 1753 – April 20, 1821) was a German (Prussian) chemist, physicist and biologist.

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Frederick Temple

Frederick Temple (30 November 1821 – 23 December 1902) was an English academic, teacher, churchman, and Archbishop of Canterbury, from 1896 until his death.

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Friedrich Engelhorn

Friedrich Engelhorn (17 July 1821 – 11 March 1902) was a German industrialist and founder of BASF in Ludwigshafen.

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Funj Sultanate

The Funj Sultanate of Sennar (sometimes spelled Sinnar; also known as the Funj Monarchy, Funj Caliphate or Funj Kingdom; traditionally known in Sudan as the Blue Sultanate due to the Sudanese convention of referring to African peoples as blue) was a sultanate in what is now Sudan, northwestern Eritrea and western Ethiopia, named after the Funj ethnic group of its dynasty, or Sinnar (or Sennar) after its capital, which ruled a substantial area of northeast Africa between 1504 and 1821.

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Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fyodor Mikhailovich DostoevskyHis name has been variously transcribed into English, his first name sometimes being rendered as Theodore or Fedor.

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Gabriel García Moreno

Gabriel Gregorio Fernando José María García y Moreno y Morán de Buitrón (December 24, 1821 – August 6, 1875) was an Ecuadorian politician who twice served as President of Ecuador (1861–65 and 1869–75) and was assassinated during his second term, after being elected to a third.

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George Cavendish-Bentinck

The Right Honourable George Augustus Frederick Cavendish-Bentinck (9 July 1821 – 9 April 1891), known as George Bentinck and scored in cricket as GAFC Bentinck, was a British barrister, Conservative politician, and cricketer.

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George H. Cooper

Rear Admiral George H. Cooper (27 July 1821 – 17 November 1891) was an officer in the United States Navy.

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George IV of the United Kingdom

George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover following the death of his father, King George III, on 29 January 1820, until his own death ten years later.

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George Powell (sealer)

George Powell (1794 in London – 1824 in Tonga) was an English sealer, explorer and amateur naturalist.

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George Washington University

No description.

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Germanos III of Old Patras

Germanos III of Old Patras (Παλαιών Πατρών Γερμανός Γʹ; 1771–1826), born Georgios Gotzias, was an Orthodox Metropolitan of Patras.

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Giuseppe Bonavia

Giuseppe Bonavia (1821 – 2 September 1885) was a Maltese draftsman and architect who was mainly active in the second half of the 19th century.

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Gran Colombia

Gran Colombia ("Great Colombia") is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831.

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Grand Wizard

Grand Wizard was the title given to the head of the Reconstruction-era Ku Klux Klan which existed from 1865 to 1869.

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Greek War of Independence

The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση, Elliniki Epanastasi, or also referred to by Greeks in the 19th century as the Αγώνας, Agonas, "Struggle"; Ottoman: يونان عصياني Yunan İsyanı, "Greek Uprising"), was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1830.

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Gregorian calendar

The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used civil calendar in the world.

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Gregory V of Constantinople

Gregory V (Greek: Γρηγόριος Ε΄, born Γεώργιος Αγγελόπουλος, Georgios Angelopoulos), (1746 – 22 April 1821) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1797 to 1798, from 1806 to 1808 and from 1818 to 1821.

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Guatemala

Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala (República de Guatemala), is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast.

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Gustave Flaubert

Gustave Flaubert (12 December 1821 – 8 May 1880) was a French novelist.

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Haiti

Haiti (Haïti; Ayiti), officially the Republic of Haiti and formerly called Hayti, is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea.

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Heinrich Kuhl

Heinrich Kuhl (September 17, 1797 – September 14, 1821) was a German naturalist and zoologist.

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Henry Dunning Macleod

Henry Dunning Macleod (March 31, 1821 – July 16, 1902) was a Scottish economist.

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Hermann Allmers

Hermann Allmers (11 February 1821, Rechtenfleth – 9 March 1902) was a German poet.

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Hermann von Helmholtz

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (August 31, 1821 – September 8, 1894) was a German physician and physicist who made significant contributions in several scientific fields.

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History of Missouri

The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC.

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History of the Dominican Republic

The recorded history of the Dominican Republic began when the Genoa-born navigator Christopher Columbus, working for the Spanish Crown, happened upon a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the Caribbean.

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Honduras

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras (República de Honduras), is a republic in Central America.

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Iceland

Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of and an area of, making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.

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Independence Act of Panama

The Declaration of Independence of Panama (Acta de Independencia de Panamá) is the document through which Panama declared its independence from the Spanish Empire on 28 November 1821.

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Ion C. Brătianu

Ion Constantin Brătianu (June 2, 1821 – May 16, 1891) was one of the major political figures of 19th-century Romania.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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James Longstreet

James Longstreet (January 8, 1821January 2, 1904) was one of the foremost Confederate generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate to General Robert E. Lee, who called him his "Old War Horse." He served under Lee as a corps commander for many of the famous battles fought by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Eastern Theater, and briefly with Braxton Bragg in the Army of Tennessee in the Western Theater.

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James Monroe

James Monroe (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was an American statesman and Founding Father who served as the fifth President of the United States from 1817 to 1825.

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January 16

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January 19

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January 2

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January 21

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January 28

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January 4

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January 5

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January 8

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Jarvis Island

Jarvis Island (formerly known as Bunker Island, or Bunker's Shoal) is an uninhabited coral island located in the South Pacific Ocean at, about halfway between Hawaii and the Cook Islands.

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Jay Cooke

Jay Cooke (August 12, 1821 – February 16, 1905) was an American financier who helped finance the Union war effort during the American Civil War and the postwar development of railroads in the northwestern United States.

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Jean Rapp

General Count Jean Rapp (27 April 1771 – 8 November 1821) was a French Army officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

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Johann Dominicus Fiorillo

Johann Dominicus Fiorillo (13 October 1748 – 10 September 1821) was a German painter and historian of art.

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John Abbott

Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott, (March 12, 1821 – October 30, 1893), was a Canadian lawyer and politician, who served as the third Prime Minister of Canada, in office from 1891 to 1892.

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John C. Breckinridge

John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821 – May 17, 1875) was an American lawyer, politician, and soldier.

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John Hunter (Royal Navy officer)

Vice Admiral John Hunter (29 August 1737 – 13 March 1821) was an officer of the Royal Navy, who succeeded Arthur Phillip as the second governor of New South Wales, Australia and served as such from 1795 to 1800.

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John Keats

John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English Romantic poet.

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John M. B. Clitz

Rear Admiral John Mellen Brady Clitz (1 December 1821 – 9 October 1897) was an officer in the United States Navy.

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John Ross Key

John Ross Key (September 19, 1754 – October 11, 1821) was a lawyer, a commissioned officer in the Continental Army, a judge, and the father of writer Francis Scott Key.

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John VI of Portugal

John VI (Portuguese: João VI; –), nicknamed "the Clement", was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves from 1816 to 1825.

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John Watts de Peyster

John Watts de Peyster Sr. (March 9, 1821 – May 4, 1907) was an author on the art of war, philanthropist, and the Adjutant General of New York.

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John William Polidori

John William Polidori (7 September 1795 – 24 August 1821) was an English writer and physician.

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Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs

Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, II (September 28, 1821 – August 14, 1874) was a Presbyterian minister and a prominent African-American officeholder during Reconstruction.

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José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa

José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, 1st Marquis of La Concordia (José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, primer Marqués de la Concordia), (sometimes spelled Souza) (June 3, 1743, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain – June 30, 1821, Madrid) was a Spanish military officer and colonial administrator in America.

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José Miguel Carrera

José Miguel Carrera Verdugo (October 15, 1785 – September 4, 1821) was a Chilean general, member of the prominent Carrera family, and considered one of the founders of independent Chile.

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Joseph Hubert Reinkens

Joseph Hubert Reinkens (March 1, 1821 – January 4, 1896) was the first German Old Catholic bishop.

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Juan O'Donojú

Juan de O'Donojú y O'Ryan ((born 1762, Seville, Spain – died 8 October 1821, Mexico City) was a Spanish military officer and "Jefe Político Superior" ("viceroy") of New Spain from July 21, 1821 to September 28, 1821 during the Mexican War of Independence. He was the last Spanish ruler of New Spain.

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Julian calendar

The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC), was a reform of the Roman calendar.

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July 1

It is the first day of the second half of the year.

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July 10

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July 13

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July 16

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July 17

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July 18

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July 19

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July 2

This day is the midpoint of a common year because there are 182 days before and 182 days after it in common years, and 183 before and 182 after in leap years.

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July 24

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July 27

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July 28

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July 4

The Aphelion, the point in the year when the Earth is farthest from the Sun, occurs around this date.

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July 9

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June 14

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June 16

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June 17

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June 19

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June 2

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June 24

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June 26

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June 27

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June 30

It is the last day of the first half of the year.

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June 7

No description.

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Junius Brutus Booth Jr.

Junius Brutus Booth Jr. (December 22, 1821 – September 16, 1883) was an American actor and theatre manager.

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Ku Klux Klan

The Ku Klux Klan, commonly called the KKK or simply the Klan, refers to three distinct secret movements at different points in time in the history of the United States.

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List of national independence days

An Independence Day is an annual event commemorating the anniversary of a nation's independence or statehood, usually after ceasing to be a group or part of another nation or state; more rarely after the end of a military occupation; and in the unique case of Singapore, expulsion from Malaysia.

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List of Vice Presidents of the United States

There have been 48 Vice Presidents of the United States since the office came into existence in 1789.

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Lola Montez

Marie Dolores Eliza Rosanna Gilbert, Countess of Landsfeld (17 February 1821 – 17 January 1861), better known by the stage name Lola Montez, was an Irish dancer and actress who became famous as a "Spanish dancer", courtesan, and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria, who made her Countess of Landsfeld.

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Louis Vuitton (designer)

Louis Vuitton (4 August 1821 – 27 February 1892) was a French fashion designer and businessman.

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March 1

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March 12

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March 13

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March 15

In the Roman calendar, March 15 was known as the Ides of March.

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March 25

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March 31

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March 4

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March 5

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March 9

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Marie-Louise Lachapelle

Marie-Louise Lachapelle (1 January 1769 – 4 October 1821) was a French midwife, head of obstetrics at the Hôtel-Dieu, the oldest hospital in Paris.

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Martín Miguel de Güemes

Martín Miguel de Güemes (8 February 1785 – 17 June 1821) was a military leader and popular caudillo who defended northwestern Argentina from the Spanish during the Argentine War of Independence.

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Mary Baker Eddy

Mary Baker Eddy (July 16, 1821 – December 3, 1910) established the Church of Christ, Scientist, as a Christian denomination and worldwide movement of spiritual healers.

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Massachusetts

Massachusetts, officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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May 16

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May 17

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May 19

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May 26

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May 5

This day marks the approximate midpoint of spring in the Northern Hemisphere and of autumn in the Southern Hemisphere (starting the season at the March equinox).

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May 6

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May 8

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Mendoza, Argentina

Mendoza is the capital of the province of Mendoza in Argentina.

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Metropolitan bishop

In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis (then more precisely called metropolitan archbishop); that is, the chief city of a historical Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital.

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Mexican War of Independence

The Mexican War of Independence (Guerra de Independencia de México) was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain.

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Mexico City

Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.

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Missouri

Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.

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Mrs W. H. Foley

Catherine Huggins, known in history as Mrs W. H. Foley (2 January, 1821 - 4 March, 1887) was a British actor, singer, director and manager.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Nathan Bedford Forrest

Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 – October 29, 1877), called Bedford Forrest in his lifetime, was a cotton farmer, slave owner, slave trader, Confederate Army general during the American Civil War, first leader of the Ku Klux Klan, and president of the Selma, Marion, & Memphis Railroad.

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Nathaniel Palmer

Nathaniel Brown Palmer (8 August 179921 June 1877) was an American seal hunter, explorer, sailing captain, and ship designer.

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Navarino massacre

The Navarino massacre was one of a series of massacres that occurred following the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, which resulted in the extermination of the Turkish civilian population previously inhabiting the region.

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New Hampshire

New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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New Hampton School

New Hampton School is an independent college preparatory high school in New Hampton, New Hampshire, United States.

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Nicaragua

Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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November 11

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November 16

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November 28

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November 30

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November 8

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Obstetrics

Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.

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October 11

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October 13

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October 20

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October 21

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October 4

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October 5

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October 8

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Old Catholic Church

The term Old Catholic Church was used from the 1850s, by groups which had separated from the Roman Catholic Church over certain doctrines, primarily concerned with papal authority; some of these groups, especially in the Netherlands, had already existed long before the term.

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Old Tom Morris

Thomas Mitchell Morris (16 June 1821 – 24 May 1908), otherwise known as Old Tom Morris, was a Scottish golfer.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Pafnuty Chebyshev

Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev (p) (–) was a Russian mathematician.

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Panama

Panama (Panamá), officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá), is a country in Central America, bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south.

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Pauline Viardot

Pauline Viardot (18 July 1821 – 18 May 1910) was a leading nineteenth-century French mezzo-soprano, pedagogue, and composer of Spanish descent.

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Pōmare II

Pōmare II (c. 1782 – December 7, 1821) (fully Tu Tunuieaiteatua Pōmare II or in modern orthography Tū Tū-nui-ʻēʻa-i-te-atua Pōmare II; historically misspelled as Tu Tunuiea'aite-a-tua), was the second king of Tahiti between 1782 and 1821.

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Pelham Dale

Thomas Pelham Dale (1821–1892) was an English Anglo-Catholic ritualist priest, most notable for being prosecuted and imprisoned for ritualist practices.

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Peloponnesian Senate

The Senate of the entire People of the Peloponnese provinces (Γερουσία όλου του Δήμου των επαρχιών της Πελοποννήσου), commonly known as the Peloponnesian Senate (Πελοποννησιακή Γερουσία), was a provisional regime that existed in the Peloponnese during the early stages of the Greek War of Independence.

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Peru

Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

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Peter I Island

Peter I Island (остров Петра I, Peter I Øy) is an uninhabited volcanic island in the Bellingshausen Sea, from Antarctica.

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Phoebe Hessel

Phoebe Hessel, née Smith (March 1713 – 12 December 1821) was best known for disguising herself as a man to serve in the British Army, probably to be with her lover, Samuel Golding.

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Plan of Iguala

The Plan of Iguala, also known as The Plan of the Three Guarantees ("Plan Trigarante"), was a revolutionary proclamation promulgated on 24 February 1821, in the final stage of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain.

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President

The president is a common title for the head of state in most republics.

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President of Ecuador

The President of the Republic of Ecuador (Presidente de la República del Ecuador) serves as both the head of state and head of government of Ecuador, is the highest political office in the country as the head of the executive branch of government.

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Prime Minister of Canada

The Prime Minister of Canada (Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Canada's head of government, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or Governor General of Canada on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution.

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Princess Anka Obrenović

Princess Anka Obrenović (later Anka Konstantinović, Анка Обреновић; 1 April 1821 – 10 June 1868) was a member of the Serbian royal Obrenović dynasty as the niece of the dynasty's founder Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia.

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Princess Elizabeth of Clarence

Princess Elizabeth of Clarence (Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide; 10 December 1820 – 4 March 1821) was a member of the British royal family.

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Richard Cosway

Richard Cosway (5 November 1742 – 4 July 1821) was a leading English portrait painter of the Regency era, noted for his miniatures.

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Rudolf Virchow

Rudolf Ludwig Carl Virchow (13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902) was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician, known for his advancement of public health.

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Saint Helena

Saint Helena is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa.

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Santa Fe Trail

The Santa Fe Trail was a 19th-century transportation route through central North America that connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico.

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Sebastian Kneipp

Sebastian Kneipp (17 May 1821, Stephansried, Germany – 17 June 1897, in Bad Wörishofen) was a Bavarian priest and one of the forefathers of the naturopathic medicine movement.

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Second inauguration of James Monroe

The second inauguration of James Monroe as President of the United States was held on Monday, March 5, 1821, in the House chamber of the U.S. Capitol.

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September 10

No description.

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September 14

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September 15

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September 18

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September 21

No description.

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September 23

It is frequently the day of the autumnal equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and the day of the vernal equinox in the Southern Hemisphere.

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September 27

No description.

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September 28

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September 4

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September 7

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Siege of Tripolitsa

The Siege of Tripolitsa or the Fall of Tripolitsa (Άλωση της Τριπολιτσάς, Álosi tis Tripolitsás,; Tripoliçe Katliamı) to revolutionary Greek forces in the summer of 1821 marked an early victory in the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire, which had begun earlier in that year.

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Simón Bolívar

Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830), generally known as Simón Bolívar and also colloquially as El Libertador, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who played a leading role in the establishment of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama as sovereign states, independent of Spanish rule.

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Société de géographie

The Société de Géographie (French, "Geographical Society"), is the world's oldest geographical society.

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South Orkney Islands

The South Orkney Islands are a group of islands in the Southern Ocean, about north-east of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula.

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Sudan

The Sudan or Sudan (السودان as-Sūdān) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan (جمهورية السودان Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa.

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The Saturday Evening Post

The Saturday Evening Post is an American magazine published six times a year.

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Theodoros Kolokotronis

Theodoros Kolokotronis (Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης; 3 April 1770 – 4 February 1843) was a Greek general and the pre-eminent leader of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) against the Ottoman Empire.

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Treaty of Córdoba

The Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence.

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Tripoli, Greece

Tripoli (Τρίπολη, Trípoli, formerly Τρίπολις, Trípolis; earlier Τριπολιτσά Tripolitsá) is a city in the central part of the Peloponnese, in Greece.

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Tudor Vladimirescu

Tudor Vladimirescu (c. 1780 –) was a Romanian revolutionary hero, the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and of the Pandur militia.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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Ukase

An ukase, or ukaz (указ, formally "imposition"), in Imperial Russia, was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader (patriarch) that had the force of law.

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Ukase of 1821

The Ukase of 1821 (Указ 1821 года) was a Russian proclamation (a ukase) of territorial sovereignty over northwestern North America, roughly present-day Alaska and most of the Pacific Northwest.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Venezuela

Venezuela, officially denominated Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela),Previously, the official name was Estado de Venezuela (1830–1856), República de Venezuela (1856–1864), Estados Unidos de Venezuela (1864–1953), and again República de Venezuela (1953–1999).

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Vice president

A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank.

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Vice President of the United States

The Vice President of the United States (informally referred to as VPOTUS, or Veep) is a constitutional officer in the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States as the President of the Senate under Article I, Section 3, Clause 4, of the United States Constitution, as well as the second highest executive branch officer, after the President of the United States.

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W. H. L. Wallace

William Hervey Lamme Wallace (July 8, 1821 – April 10, 1862), more commonly known as W.H.L. Wallace, was a lawyer and a Union general in the American Civil War, considered by Ulysses S. Grant to be one of the Union's greatest generals.

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William Becknell

William Becknell (1787 or 1788 – April 30, 1865) was an American soldier, politician, and freight operator who is credited with opening the Santa Fe Trail in 1821, which became an early major transportation route through central North America that connected Independence, Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico.

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William Henry Vanderbilt

William Henry "Billy" Vanderbilt (May 8, 1821 – December 8, 1885) was an American businessman and philanthropist.

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William IV of the United Kingdom

William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837.

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William Milligan

Rev Dr William Milligan DD (15 March 1821 – 11 December 1893) was a renowned Scottish theologian.

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William Poole

William Poole (July 24, 1821 – March 8, 1855), also known as Bill the Butcher, was a founder of the street gang the Bowery Boys and a leader of the Know Nothing political movement in mid-19th century New York City.

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1713

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1737

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1742

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1743

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1746

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1748

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1752

In the British Empire, it was the only year with 355 days, as 3–13 September were skipped when the Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar.

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1753

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1754

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1758

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1761

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1762

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1769

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1771

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1774

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1775

The American Revolution begins this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-epic ride.

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1780

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1782

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1785

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1795

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1797

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1820

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1822

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1854

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1855

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1861

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1862

This year was named by Mitchell Stephens as the greatest year to read newspapers.

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1867

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1868

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1874

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1875

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1877

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1880

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1881

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1883

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1885

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1887

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1891

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1892

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1893

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1894

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1895

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1896

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1897

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1898

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1900

As of March 1 (O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 (O.S. February 15), 2100.

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1902

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1904

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1905

As the second year of the massive Russo-Japanese War began, more than 100,000 died in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos lead to a revolution against the Tsar (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony is subtitled The Year 1905 to commemorate this).

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1906

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1907

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1908

According to NASA reports, 1908 was the coldest recorded year since 1880.

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1910

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1912

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1915

Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.

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Redirects here:

1821 (year), 1821 AD, 1821 CE, AD 1821, Births in 1821, Deaths in 1821, Events in 1821, Year 1821.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1821

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