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203 relations: Aage Bohr, Accessible surface area, Ada Yonath, Aerospace engineering, Agronomy, Americans, Analytical chemistry, Anatomy, Andrew Donald Booth, Anthropology, Apparent magnitude, Ardipithecus, Arizona State University, Army ant, Aron Moscona, Artificial organ, Astronomer, Astrophysics, Australia, Bei Shizhang, Biochemist, Biochemistry, Bioinformatics, Biologist, Biophysics, Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, Breakthrough of the Year, Brian Harold Mason, British people, Carl Rettenmeyer, Carol W. Greider, Cerrejón, Charles K. Kao, Chemist, China, Civil engineer, Cloning, Coal mining, Colombia, Comet Lulin, Computer scientist, Cornell University, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Crystallography, Dartmouth College, Darwinius, David Medved, December 2009 lunar eclipse, Denmark, Deseret News, ..., Developmental biology, Diabetes mellitus, Don Beaven, Earth, Earthquake, Ecology, Edwin G. Krebs, Elizabeth Blackburn, Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station, Emil L. Smith, England, Entomology, Enzyme, Esophageal cancer, Exoplanet, Extinction, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, Fossil, France, Francis Muguet, Frederic M. Richards, Geochemistry, Geologist, George E. Smith, German Americans, History of molecular biology, Howard McKern, Hubble Space Telescope, Humanitarianism, Hypervelocity, Ignacio Ponseti, Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, International Cospas-Sarsat Programme, International Year of Astronomy, Iridium 33, Jack W. Szostak, Jacob T. Schwartz, Jean Dausset, John A. Eddy, John L. Harper, Kepler (spacecraft), Kosmos 2251, La Guajira Department, Laurel van der Wal, Léopold Reichling, Lemur, List of emerging technologies, List of near-parabolic comets, List of Nobel laureates, List of years in science, Low Earth orbit, Lung, Luxembourg, Mahlon Hoagland, Mathematician, Menorca, Mercury (planet), MESSENGER, Meteorite, Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov, Mineralogy, Monkey, NASA, National Institutes of Health, Natural history, Nature (journal), New York University, New Zealand, Nicole Grasset, Nina Etkin, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Norman Borlaug, Nuclear physics, Olgierd Zienkiewicz, Open access, Open-source model, Organic chemistry, Organic synthesis, Paleontology, Pathology, Patricia Bergquist, Paul Zamecnik, Physician, Physicist, Plant, PLOS One, Poles, Population biology, Protein, Pyrenean ibex, Quantum computing, Ralph F. Hirschmann, Remy Chauvin, Ribonuclease, Robert F. Furchgott, Robot, Rudolf Trümpy, Russia, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ruth L. Kirschstein, Samuel Victor Perry, Satellite, Saturn, Science (journal), Search and rescue, Sleeping Beauty, Solar eclipse of January 26, 2009, Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009, Soviet Union, Space Shuttle, STS-125, Swiss people, Taxonomy (biology), Tea, The Daily Telegraph, Theoretical physics, Thermonuclear weapon, Thomas A. Steitz, Titanoboa, Transfer RNA, United Nations, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Virology, Vitaly Ginzburg, Warren Lyford DeLano, Willard Boyle, Willem Johan Kolff, 1903 in science, 1911 in science, 1912 in science, 1913 in science, 1914 in science, 1916 in science, 1917 in science, 1918 in science, 1921 in science, 1922 in science, 1924 in science, 1925 in science, 1926 in science, 1927 in science, 1930 in science, 1931 in science, 1933 in science, 1948 in science, 1955 in science, 1972 in science, 2009 in spaceflight, 2009 satellite collision. Expand index (153 more) »
Aage Bohr
Aage Niels Bohr (19 June 1922 – 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Mottelson and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection".
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Accessible surface area
The accessible surface area (ASA) or solvent-accessible surface area (SASA) is the surface area of a biomolecule that is accessible to a solvent.
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Ada Yonath
Ada E. Yonath (עדה יונת.) (born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of the ribosome.
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Aerospace engineering
Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft.
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Agronomy
Agronomy (Ancient Greek ἀγρός agrós 'field' + νόμος nómos 'law') is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation.
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Americans
Americans are citizens of the United States of America.
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Analytical chemistry
Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods used to separate, identify, and quantify matter.
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Anatomy
Anatomy (Greek anatomē, “dissection”) is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.
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Andrew Donald Booth
Andrew Donald Booth (11 February 1918 – 29 November 2009), The Times, 12 January 2010.
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Anthropology
Anthropology is the study of humans and human behaviour and societies in the past and present.
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Apparent magnitude
The apparent magnitude of a celestial object is a number that is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth.
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Ardipithecus
Ardipithecus is a genus of an extinct hominine that lived during Late Miocene and Early Pliocene in Afar Depression, Ethiopia.
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Arizona State University
Arizona State University (commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area, and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona.
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Army ant
The name army ant (or legionary ant or marabunta) is applied to over 200 ant species, in different lineages, due to their aggressive predatory foraging groups, known as "raids", in which huge numbers of ants forage simultaneously over a certain area.
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Aron Moscona
Aron Arthur Moscona (July 4, 1921 – January 14, 2009) was an American developmental biologist who studied how embryos develop, and how the undifferentiated cells within the developing embryo interact with each other and form into the tissues and organs of a living entity.
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Artificial organ
An artificial organ is an engineered device or tissue that is implanted or integrated into a human — interfacing with living tissue — to replace a natural organ, to duplicate or augment a specific function or functions so the patient may return to a normal life as soon as possible.
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Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
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Astrophysics
Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space".
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Bei Shizhang
Bei Shizhang (also written Shi-Zhang Bei; October 10, 1903 – October 29, 2009) was a Chinese biologist and educator.
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Biochemist
Biochemists are scientists that are trained in biochemistry.
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Biochemistry
Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.
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Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data.
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Biologist
A biologist, is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of biology, the scientific study of life.
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Biophysics
Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies the approaches and methods of physics to study biological systems.
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Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease
Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, also often referred to as bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A or simply RNase A, is a pancreatic ribonuclease enzyme that cleaves single-stranded RNA.
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Breakthrough of the Year
The Breakthrough of the Year is an annual award made by the AAAS journal, Science, for the most significant development in scientific research.
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Brian Harold Mason
Brian Harold Mason (18 April 1917 – 3 December 2009) was a New Zealand geochemist and mineralogist who was one of the pioneers in the study of meteorites.
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British people
The British people, or the Britons, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.
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Carl Rettenmeyer
Carl W. Rettenmeyer (February 10, 1931 - April 9, 2009) was an American biologist who specialised in army ants.
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Carol W. Greider
Carolyn Widney "Carol" Greider (born April 15, 1961) is an American molecular biologist.
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Cerrejón
Cerrejón is a large open-pit coal mine in Colombia.
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Charles K. Kao
Sir Charles Kuen Kao, as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering for pioneering and sustained accomplishments towards the theoretical and practical realization of optical fiber communication systems.
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Chemist
A chemist (from Greek chēm (ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Civil engineer
A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructures while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing infrastructures that have been neglected.
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Cloning
Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially.
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Coal mining
Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground.
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Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.
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Comet Lulin
Comet Lulin (official designation C/2007 N3 (Lulin), Traditional Chinese:鹿林彗星) is a non-periodic comet.
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Computer scientist
A computer scientist is a person who has acquired the knowledge of computer science, the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their application.
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Cornell University
Cornell University is a private and statutory Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York.
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Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
The Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences (CIMS) is an independent division of New York University (NYU) under the Faculty of Arts & Science that serves as a center for research and advanced training in computer science and mathematics.
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Crystallography
Crystallography is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in crystalline solids (see crystal structure).
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Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States.
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Darwinius
Darwinius is a genus within the infraorder Adapiformes, a group of basal strepsirrhine primates from the middle Eocene epoch.
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David Medved
David Bernard Medved (February 1926 – March 11, 2009) was a physicist, entrepreneur, and trained astronaut.
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December 2009 lunar eclipse
A partial lunar eclipse was visible on New Year's Eve, December 31, 2009.
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Denmark
Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.
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Deseret News
The Deseret News is a newspaper published in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
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Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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Don Beaven
Sir Donald Ward Beaven (31 August 1924 – 4 November 2009) was a New Zealand medical researcher in the area of diabetes treatment and prevention.
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Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
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Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
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Ecology
Ecology (from οἶκος, "house", or "environment"; -λογία, "study of") is the branch of biology which studies the interactions among organisms and their environment.
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Edwin G. Krebs
Edwin Gerhard Krebs (June 6, 1918 – December 21, 2009) was an American biochemist.
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Elizabeth Blackburn
Elizabeth Helen Blackburn, (born 26 November 1948) is an Australian-American Nobel laureate who is currently the President of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
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Emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station
An emergency position-indicating radiobeacon station is a distress radiobeacon, a tracking transmitter that is triggered during an accident.
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Emil L. Smith
Emil L. Smith (July 5, 1911 – May 31, 2009) was an American biochemist who studied protein structure and function as well as biochemical evolution.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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Entomology
Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Esophageal cancer
Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagus—the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach.
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Exoplanet
An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside our solar system.
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Extinction
In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species.
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Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST), formerly called the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), is a space observatory being used to perform gamma-ray astronomy observations from low Earth orbit.
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Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin fossilis; literally, "obtained by digging") is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Francis Muguet
Francis Fabien Michel Muguet (1955–2009) was a French chemist who advocated open access to information.
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Frederic M. Richards
Frederic Middlebrook Richards (August 19, 1925 – January 11, 2009), commonly referred to as Fred Richards, was an American biochemist and biophysicist known for solving the pioneering crystal structure of the ribonuclease S enzyme in 1967 and for defining the concept of solvent-accessible surface.
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Geochemistry
Geochemistry is the science that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms behind major geological systems such as the Earth's crust and its oceans.
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Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes that shape it.
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George E. Smith
George Elwood Smith (born May 10, 1930) is an American scientist, applied physicist, and co-inventor of the charge-coupled device (CCD).
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German Americans
German Americans (Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.
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History of molecular biology
The history of molecular biology begins in the 1930s with the convergence of various, previously distinct biological and physical disciplines: biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, virology and physics.
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Howard McKern
Howard Hamlet George McKern (23 March 1917 - 8 June 2009) was an Australian analytical and organic chemist, museum administrator who was Deputy Director of the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences and President of the Royal Society of New South Wales.
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Hubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.
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Humanitarianism
Humanitarianism is an active belief in the value of human life, whereby humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans, in order to better humanity for moral, altruistic and logical reasons.
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Hypervelocity
Hypervelocity is very high velocity, approximately over 3,000 meters per second (6,700 mph, 11,000 km/h, 10,000 ft/s, or Mach 8.8).
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Ignacio Ponseti
Ignacio Ponseti (3 June 1914 – 18 October 2009) was a Spanish physician, specializing in orthopedics.
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Immunology
Immunology is a branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms.
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Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), focuses on biophysically oriented basic research in the life sciences.
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International Cospas-Sarsat Programme
The International Cospas-Sarsat Programme is a treaty-based, nonprofit, intergovernmental, humanitarian cooperative of 44 nations and agencies (see box on right) dedicated to detecting and locating radio beacons activated by persons, aircraft or vessels in distress, and forwarding this alert information to authorities that can take action for rescue.
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International Year of Astronomy
The International Year of Astronomy (IYA2009) was a year-long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by Galileo Galilei and the publication of Johannes Kepler's Astronomia nova in the 17th century.
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Iridium 33
Iridium 33 was a communications satellite launched by the United States for Iridium Communications.
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Jack W. Szostak
Jack William Szostak (born November 9, 1952) is a Canadian American biologist of Polish British descent, Nobel Prize laureate, Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School, and Alexander Rich Distinguished Investigator at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Jacob T. Schwartz
Jacob Theodore "Jack" Schwartz (January 9, 1930 – March 2, 2009) was an American mathematician, computer scientist, and professor of computer science at the New York University Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.
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Jean Dausset
Jean-Baptiste-Gabriel-Joachim Dausset (19 October 1916 – 6 June 2009) was a French immunologist born in Toulouse, France.
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John A. Eddy
John Allen "Jack" Eddy (March 25, 1931 – June 10, 2009) was an American astronomer who published professionally under the name John A. Eddy but much of the content referencing him can be found under his nickname Jack which he preferred to use.
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John L. Harper
John Lander Harper CBE FRS (27 May 1925 - 22 March 2009) was a British biologist, specializing in ecology and plant population biology.
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Kepler (spacecraft)
Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-size planets orbiting other stars.
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Kosmos 2251
Kosmos-2251, (Космос-2251 meaning Cosmos 2251), was a Russian Strela-2M communications satellite.
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La Guajira Department
La Guajira is a department of Colombia.
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Laurel van der Wal
Laurel van der Wal (September 22, 1924 – August 13, 2009) was an American aeronautical engineer who worked to solve the challenges of maintaining human life in space.
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Léopold Reichling
Léopold Reichling, (born March 11, 1921, in Luxembourg, died May 2, 2009) was a Luxembourg biologist and naturalist.
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Lemur
Lemurs are a clade of strepsirrhine primates endemic to the island of Madagascar.
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List of emerging technologies
Emerging technologies are those technical innovations which represent progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage.
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List of near-parabolic comets
The following is a list of comets with a very high eccentricity (generally 0.99 or higher) and a period of over 1,000 years that don't quite have a high enough velocity to escape the Solar System.
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List of Nobel laureates
The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset, Nobelprisen) are prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.
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List of years in science
The following entries cover events related to science or technology which occurred in the listed year.
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Low Earth orbit
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with an altitude of or less, and with an orbital period of between about 84 and 127 minutes.
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Lung
The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxembourg, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in western Europe.
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Mahlon Hoagland
Mahlon Bush Hoagland (October 5, 1921 – September 18, 2009) was an American biochemist who discovered transfer RNA (tRNA), the translator of the genetic code.
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Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his or her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
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Menorca
Menorca or Minorca (Menorca; Menorca; from Latin: Insula Minor, later Minorica "smaller island") is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain.
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Mercury (planet)
Mercury is the smallest and innermost planet in the Solar System.
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MESSENGER
Messenger (stylized as MESSENGER, whose backronym is "MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging", and which is a reference to the messenger of the same name from Roman mythology) was a NASA robotic spacecraft that orbited the planet Mercury between 2011 and 2015.
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Meteorite
A meteorite is a solid piece of debris from an object, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, that originates in outer space and survives its passage through the atmosphere to reach the surface of a planet or moon.
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Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov
Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; Михаи́л Леони́дович Гро́мов; born 23 December 1943), is a French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory.
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Mineralogy
Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts.
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Monkey
Monkeys are non-hominoid simians, generally possessing tails and consisting of about 260 known living species.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research, founded in the late 1870s.
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Natural history
Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms including animals, fungi and plants in their environment; leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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New York University
New York University (NYU) is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
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Nicole Grasset
Nicole Grasset (18 April 1927 – 29 August 2009) was a Swiss-French medical virologist and microbiologist-epidemiologist.
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Nina Etkin
Nina Lilian Etkin (June 13, 1948 – January 26, 2009) was an anthropologist and biologist.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish, Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes created by the Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.
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Nobel Prize in Chemistry
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.
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Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.
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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.
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Norman Borlaug
Norman Ernest Borlaug (March 25, 1914September 12, 2009) was an American agronomist and humanitarian who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution.
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Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions.
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Olgierd Zienkiewicz
Olgierd Cecil Zienkiewicz, CBE, FREng, FRS (18 May 1921 – 2 January 2009) was a British academic of Polish descent, mathematician, and civil engineer.
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Open access
Open access (OA) refers to research outputs which are distributed online and free of cost or other barriers, and possibly with the addition of a Creative Commons license to promote reuse.
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Open-source model
The open-source model is a decentralized software-development model that encourages open collaboration.
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Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
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Organic synthesis
Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the intentional construction of organic compounds.
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Paleontology
Paleontology or palaeontology is the scientific study of life that existed prior to, and sometimes including, the start of the Holocene Epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).
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Pathology
Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of pathos (πάθος), meaning "experience" or "suffering" and -logia (-λογία), "study of") is a significant field in modern medical diagnosis and medical research, concerned mainly with the causal study of disease, whether caused by pathogens or non-infectious physiological disorder.
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Patricia Bergquist
Dame Patricia Rose Bergquist (née Smyth, 10 March 1933 – 9 September 2009) was a New Zealand scientist who specialised in anatomy and taxonomy.
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Paul Zamecnik
Paul Charles Zamecnik (22 November 1912 – 27 October 2009) was an American scientist who played a central role in the early history of molecular biology.
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Physician
A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, or simply doctor is a professional who practises medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.
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Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.
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Plant
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
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PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
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Poles
The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.
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Population biology
Population biology is an interdisciplinary field combining the areas of ecology and evolutionary biology.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Pyrenean ibex
The Pyrenean ibex (Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica), Spanish common name bucardo, Catalan common name herc and French common name bouquetin was one of the four subspecies of the Iberian ibex or Iberian wild goat, a species endemic to the Pyrenees.
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Quantum computing
Quantum computing is computing using quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement.
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Ralph F. Hirschmann
Ralph Franz Hirschmann (May 6, 1922 – June 20, 2009) was a German American biochemist who led a team that was responsible for the first organic synthesis of an enzyme, a ribonuclease.
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Remy Chauvin
Remy Chauvin (10 October 1913 – 8 December 2009) at Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines, Haut-Rhin, was a biologist and entomologist, and a French Honorary Professor Emeritus at the Sorbonne, PhD, and a senior research fellow since 1946.
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Ribonuclease
Ribonuclease (commonly abbreviated RNase) is a type of nuclease that catalyzes the degradation of RNA into smaller components.
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Robert F. Furchgott
Robert Francis Furchgott (June 4, 1916 – May 19, 2009) was a Nobel Prize-winning American biochemist who contributed to the discovery of nitric oxide as a transient cellular signal in mammalian systems.
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Robot
A robot is a machine—especially one programmable by a computer— capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically.
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Rudolf Trümpy
Rudolf Trümpy (16 August 1921 – 30 January 2009) was a Swiss geologist, who was born in the small Swiss town of Glarus.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) Rossíiskaya akadémiya naúk) consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.
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Ruth L. Kirschstein
Ruth L. Kirschstein, M.D. (12 October 1926 – 6 October 2009) was a pathologist and science administrator at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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Samuel Victor Perry
Samuel Victor Perry FRS (16 July 1918 – 17 December 2009) was an English biochemist who was a pioneer in the field of muscle biochemistry.
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Satellite
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit.
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Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter.
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Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
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Search and rescue
Search and rescue (SAR) is the search for and provision of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger.
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Sleeping Beauty
Sleeping Beauty (La Belle au bois dormant), or Little Briar Rose (Dornröschen), also titled in English as The Sleeping Beauty in the Woods, is a classic fairy tale which involves a beautiful princess, a sleeping enchantment, and a handsome prince.
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Solar eclipse of January 26, 2009
An annular solar eclipse occurred on January 26, 2009.
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Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009
A total solar eclipse occurred on July 22, 2009.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Space Shuttle
The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program.
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STS-125
STS-125, or HST-SM4 (Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Mission 4), was the fifth and final space shuttle mission to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).
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Swiss people
The Swiss (die Schweizer, les Suisses, gli Svizzeri, ils Svizzers) are the citizens of Switzerland, or people of Swiss ancestry. The number of Swiss nationals has grown from 1.7 million in 1815 to 7 million in 2016. More than 1.5 million Swiss citizens hold multiple citizenship. About 11% of citizens live abroad (0.8 million, of whom 0.6 million hold multiple citizenship). About 60% of those living abroad reside in the European Union (0.46 million). The largest groups of Swiss descendants and nationals outside Europe are found in the United States and Canada. Although the modern state of Switzerland originated in 1848, the period of romantic nationalism, it is not a nation-state, and the Swiss are not usually considered to form a single ethnic group, but a confederacy (Eidgenossenschaft) or Willensnation ("nation of will", "nation by choice", that is, a consociational state), a term coined in conscious contrast to "nation" in the conventionally linguistic or ethnic sense of the term. The demonym Swiss (formerly in English also Switzer) and the name of Switzerland, ultimately derive from the toponym Schwyz, have been in widespread use to refer to the Old Swiss Confederacy since the 16th century.
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Taxonomy (biology)
Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
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Tea
Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.
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The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.
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Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena.
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Thermonuclear weapon
A thermonuclear weapon is a second-generation nuclear weapon design using a secondary nuclear fusion stage consisting of implosion tamper, fusion fuel, and spark plug which is bombarded by the energy released by the detonation of a primary fission bomb within, compressing the fuel material (tritium, deuterium or lithium deuteride) and causing a fusion reaction.
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Thomas A. Steitz
Thomas Arthur Steitz (born August 23, 1940) is a biochemist, a Sterling Professor of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale University, and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, best known for his pioneering work on the ribosome.
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Titanoboa
Titanoboa, is an extinct genus of snakes that is known to have lived in present-day La Guajira in northeastern Colombia.
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Transfer RNA
A transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA) is an adaptor molecule composed of RNA, typically 76 to 90 nucleotides in length, that serves as the physical link between the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Venkatraman "Venki" Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is an American and British structural biologist of Indian origin.
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Virology
Virology is the study of viruses – submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat – and virus-like agents.
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Vitaly Ginzburg
Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg, ForMemRS (Вита́лий Ла́заревич Ги́нзбург; 4 October 1916 – 8 November 2009) was a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate, a member of the Soviet and Russian Academies of Sciences and one of the fathers of the Soviet hydrogen bomb.
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Warren Lyford DeLano
Warren Lyford DeLano (June 21, 1972 – November 3, 2009) was an advocate for the increased adoption of open source practices in the sciences, and especially drug discovery, where advances which save time and resources can also potentially save lives.
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Willard Boyle
Willard Sterling Boyle, (August 19, 1924May 7, 2011) was a Canadian physicist, pioneer in the field of laser technology and co-inventor of the charge-coupled device.
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Willem Johan Kolff
Willem Johan "Pim" Kolff (February 14, 1911 – February 11, 2009) was a pioneer of hemodialysis as well as in the field of artificial organs.
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1903 in science
The year 1903 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1911 in science
The year 1911 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1912 in science
The year 1912 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1913 in science
The year 1913 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1914 in science
The year 1914 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1916 in science
The year 1916 involved a number of significant events in science and technology, some of which are listed below.
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1917 in science
The year 1917 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1918 in science
The year 1918 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1921 in science
The year 1921 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1922 in science
The year 1922 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1924 in science
The year 1924 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1925 in science
The year 1925 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1926 in science
The year 1926 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1927 in science
The year 1927 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1930 in science
The year 1930 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1931 in science
The year 1931 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1933 in science
The year 1933 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1948 in science
The year 1948 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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1955 in science
The year 1955 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed below.
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1972 in science
The year 1972 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
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2009 in spaceflight
Several significant events in spaceflight occurred in 2009, including Iran conducting its first indigenous orbital launch, the first Swiss satellite being launched and New Zealand launching its first sounding rocket.
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2009 satellite collision
The accidental 2009 satellite collision was the first time a hypervelocity collision occurred between two artificial satellites - until then, all accidental hypervelocity collisions happened between a satellite and a piece of space debris.
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Redirects here:
December 2009 in science, November 2009 in science, October 2009 in science.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_in_science
