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Table of Contents

1. 325 relations: Aerial warfare, Afghan conflict, Afghanistan, Ain Zara, Air force, Air raid shelter, Aircraft ordnance, Airship, Al-A'amiriya, Al-Bab, Al-Hasakah, Aleppo, Allies of World War I, Almería, Amiriyah shelter bombing, Antwerp, Area bombardment, Arthur Harris, Artillery, Asiatic-Pacific theater, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Attaché, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Aviazione Legionaria, Świnoujście, Baghdad, Ballistic missile, Balloon carrier, Barcelona, Barcelona Cathedral, Barrage (artillery), Barrel bomb, Basra, Battle of Dutch Harbor, Battle of France, Battle of Grozny (1994–1995), Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of Vukovar, BBC, Beijing, Beirut, Belfast, Belfast Blitz, Belgrade, Benito Mussolini, Bernd Wegner, Biplane, Blitzkrieg, Blockbuster bomb, ... Expand index (275 more) » « Shrink index

2. Aerial bombing
3. Airstrikes by populated place
4. Building bombings

Aerial warfare

Aerial warfare is the use of military aircraft and other flying machines in warfare.

See Aerial bombing of cities and Aerial warfare

Afghan conflict

The Afghan conflict (دافغانستان جنګونه; درگیری افغانستان) refers to the series of events that have kept Afghanistan in a near-continuous state of armed conflict since the 1970s.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.

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Ain Zara

Ain Zara is a town and oasis in western Libya, located in the region of Tripoli.

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Air force

An air force in the broadest sense is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare.

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Air raid shelter

Air raid shelters are structures for the protection of non-combatants as well as combatants against enemy attacks from the air.

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Aircraft ordnance

Aircraft ordnance or ordnance (in the context of military aviation) is any expendable weaponry (e.g. bombs, missiles, rockets and gun ammunition) used by military aircraft.

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Airship

An airship is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air flying under its own power.

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Al-A'amiriya

Al-A'amiriya (Arabic العامرية) is a neighborhood in the Mansour district of western Baghdad, Iraq, on the way to Anbar Province.

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Al-Bab

Al-Bab (الْبَاب / ALA-LC: al-Bāb) is a city, de jure administratively belonging to the Aleppo Governorate of the Syrian Arab Republic.

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Al-Hasakah

Al-Hasakah (al-Ḥasaka; Heseke/حەسەکە; ܚܣܝܟܐ Hasake) is the capital city of the Al-Hasakah Governorate, in the northeastern corner of Syria.

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Aleppo

Aleppo (ﺣَﻠَﺐ, ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous governorate of Syria.

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Allies of World War I

The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).

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Almería

Almería is a city and municipality of Spain, located in Andalusia.

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Amiriyah shelter bombing

The Amiriyah shelter bombing was an aerial bombing attack that killed at least 408 civilians on 13 February 1991 during the Gulf War, when an air-raid shelter ("Public Shelter No. 25") in the Amiriyah neighborhood of Baghdad, Iraq, was destroyed by the U.S. Air Force with two GBU-27 Paveway III laser-guided "smart bombs".

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Antwerp

Antwerp (Antwerpen; Anvers) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.

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Area bombardment

In military aviation, area bombardment or area bombing is a type of aerial bombardment in which bombs are dropped over the general area of a target. Aerial bombing of cities and area bombardment are aerial bombing.

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Arthur Harris

Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Arthur Travers Harris, 1st Baronet, (13 April 1892 – 5 April 1984), commonly known as "Bomber" Harris by the press and often within the RAF as "Butch" Harris, was Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C) RAF Bomber Command during the height of the Anglo-American strategic bombing campaign against Nazi Germany in the Second World War.

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Artillery

Artillery are ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms.

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Asiatic-Pacific theater

The Asiatic-Pacific Theater was the theater of operations of U.S. forces during World War II in the Pacific War during 1941–1945.

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Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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Attaché

In diplomacy, an attaché is a person who is assigned ("to be attached") to the diplomatic or administrative staff of a higher placed person or another service or agency.

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Attack on Pearl Harbor

The attack on Pearl HarborAlso known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, in the United States, just before 8:00a.m. (local time) on Sunday, December 7, 1941.

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Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Russian military have carried out deliberate attacks against civilian targets and indiscriminate attacks in densely-populated areas.

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Aviazione Legionaria

The Legionary Air Force (Aviazione Legionaria, Aviación Legionaria) was an expeditionary corps from the Italian Royal Air Force that was set up in 1936.

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Świnoujście

Świnoujście (Swinemünde; Swienemünn; all three meaning "Świna mouth"; Swina) is a city in Western Pomerania and seaport on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon, located in the extreme north-west of Poland.

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Baghdad

Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.

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Ballistic missile

A ballistic missile (BM) is a type of missile that uses projectile motion to deliver warheads on a target.

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Balloon carrier

A balloon carrier or balloon tender was a ship equipped with a balloon, usually tied to the ship by a rope or cable, and usually used for observation.

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Barcelona

Barcelona is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain.

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Barcelona Cathedral

The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia (Catedral de la Santa Creu i Santa Eulàlia), also known as Barcelona Cathedral, is the seat of the Archbishop of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain.

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Barrage (artillery)

In military usage, a barrage is massed sustained artillery fire (shelling) aimed at a series of points along a line.

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Barrel bomb

A barrel bomb is an improvised unguided bomb, sometimes described as a flying IED (improvised explosive device).

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Basra

Basra (al-Baṣrah) is a city in southern Iraq.

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Battle of Dutch Harbor

The Battle of Dutch Harbor took place on 3-4 June 1942, when the Imperial Japanese Navy launched two aircraft carrier raids on the Dutch Harbor Naval Operating Base and U.S. Army Fort Mears at Dutch Harbor on Amaknak Island, opening the Aleutian Islands campaign of World War II.

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Battle of France

The Battle of France (bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (German: Westfeldzug), the French Campaign (Frankreichfeldzug, campagne de France) and the Fall of France, during the Second World War was the German invasion of France, that notably introduced tactics that are still used.

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Battle of Grozny (1994–1995)

The First Battle of Grozny was the Russian Army's invasion and subsequent conquest of the Chechen capital, Grozny, during the early months of the First Chechen War.

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Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of StalingradSchlacht von Stalingrad see; p (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in southern Russia.

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Battle of Vukovar

The Battle of Vukovar was an 87-day siege of Vukovar in eastern Croatia by the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), supported by various paramilitary forces from Serbia, between August and November 1991.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.

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Beijing

Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.

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Beirut

Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

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Belfast

Belfast (from Béal Feirste) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel.

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Belfast Blitz

The Belfast Blitz consisted of four German air raids on strategic targets in the city of Belfast in Northern Ireland, in April and May 1941 during World War II, causing high casualties.

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Belgrade

Belgrade.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF).

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Bernd Wegner

Bernd Wegner (born 1949) is a German historian who specialises in military history and the history of Nazism.

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Biplane

A biplane is a fixed-wing aircraft with two main wings stacked one above the other.

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Blitzkrieg

Blitzkrieg (from Blitz "lightning" + Krieg "war") or Bewegungskrieg is a word used to describe a combined arms surprise attack using a rapid, overwhelming force concentration that may consist of armored and motorized or mechanized infantry formations; together with artillery, air assault, and close air support; with intent to break through the opponent's lines of defense, dislocate the defenders, unbalance the enemies by making it difficult to respond to the continuously changing front, and defeat them in a decisive Vernichtungsschlacht: a battle of annihilation.

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Blockbuster bomb

A blockbuster bomb or cookie was one of several of the largest conventional bombs used in World War II by the Royal Air Force (RAF).

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Boeing B-29 Superfortress

The Boeing B-29 Superfortress is an American four-engined propeller-driven heavy bomber, designed by Boeing and flown primarily by the United States during World War II and the Korean War.

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Bombardment

A bombardment is an attack by artillery fire or by dropping bombs from aircraft on fortifications, combatants, or cities and buildings.

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Bombing of Alicante

One of the worst bombing attacks on civilian population in Alicante during the Spanish civil war.

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Bombing of Barcelona

The Bombing of Barcelona was a series of airstrikes led by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany supporting the Franco-led Nationalist rebel army, which took place from 16 to 18 March 1938, during the Spanish Civil War.

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Bombing of Belgrade in World War II

The bombing of Belgrade in World War II may refer to.

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Bombing of Bucharest in World War II

The Bucharest World War II bombings were primarily Allied bombings of railroad targets and those of the Oil Campaign of World War II, but included a bombing by Nazi Germany after the 1944 coup d'état. Aerial bombing of cities and bombing of Bucharest in World War II are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Cabra

The bombing of Cabra (7 November, 1938) was a aerial bombing raid on the town of Cabra, Andalusia during the Spanish Civil War.

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Bombing of Cologne in World War II

The German city of Cologne was bombed in 262 separate air raids at www.koelnarchitektur.de "Internet portal for the architecture of Cologne". Aerial bombing of cities and Bombing of Cologne in World War II are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Darmstadt in World War II

Darmstadt was bombed a number of times during World War II. Aerial bombing of cities and Bombing of Darmstadt in World War II are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Darwin

The Bombing of Darwin, also known as the Battle of Darwin, on 19 February 1942 was the largest single attack ever mounted by a foreign power on Australia. Aerial bombing of cities and Bombing of Darwin are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Dresden

The bombing of Dresden was a joint British and American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II. Aerial bombing of cities and bombing of Dresden are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Durango

The Bombing of Durango took place on 31 March 1937, during the Spanish Civil War.

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Bombing of Granollers

The Bombing of Granollers took place during the Spanish Civil War in 1938.

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Bombing of Guernica

On 26 April 1937, the Basque town of Guernica (Gernika in Basque) was aerially bombed during the Spanish Civil War.

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Bombing of Hamburg in World War II

The Allied bombing of Hamburg during World War II included numerous attacks on civilians and civic infrastructure. Aerial bombing of cities and bombing of Hamburg in World War II are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Helsinki in World War II

Helsinki, the capital of Finland, was bombed repeatedly during World War II. Aerial bombing of cities and Bombing of Helsinki in World War II are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Jaén

The Bombing of Jaén was an aerial attack on the city of Jaén on 1 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, by the Condor Legion of Nazi Germany, who fought for the rebels.

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Bombing of Kassel in World War II

The Kassel World War II bombings were a set of Allied strategic bombing attacks which took place from February 1942 to March 1945.

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Bombing of Mandalay (1942)

The bombing of Mandalay was conducted as part of the Japanese conquest of Burma and was one of many Burmese cities, towns, and ports subject to air raids by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service and Thai Phayap Army Air Force during the Pacific theater of World War II. Aerial bombing of cities and bombing of Mandalay (1942) are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Pforzheim in World War II

During the latter stages of World War II, Pforzheim, a town in southwestern Germany, was bombed several times. Aerial bombing of cities and Bombing of Pforzheim in World War II are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Plaza de Mayo

The bombing of Plaza de Mayo was a massacre in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 16 June 1955.

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Bombing of Rangoon in World War II

The bombing of Rangoon was a series of air raids conducted by the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service that took place between December 1941 to March 1942 during the Burma Campaign of World War II. Aerial bombing of cities and bombing of Rangoon in World War II are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Singapore (1941)

The bombing of Singapore was an attack on 8 December 1941 by seventeen G3M ''Nell'' bombers of Mihoro Air Group (Mihoro Kaigun Kōkūtai), Imperial Japanese Navy, flying from Thu Dau Mot in southern Indochina.

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Bombing of Tokyo (10 March 1945)

On the night of 9/10 March 1945, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) conducted a devastating firebombing raid on Tokyo, the Japanese capital city. Aerial bombing of cities and Bombing of Tokyo (10 March 1945) are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bombing of Wieluń

The bombing of Wieluń is considered by many to be the first major act of World War II, and the September Campaign. Aerial bombing of cities and bombing of Wieluń are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Bremen

Bremen (Low German also: Breem or Bräm), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen), is the capital of the German state of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (Freie Hansestadt Bremen), a two-city-state consisting of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven.

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British Somaliland

British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate (Maxmiyadda Dhulka Soomaalida), was a protectorate of the United Kingdom in modern Somaliland.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.

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Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires, officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the capital and primate city of Argentina.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

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Burgos

Burgos is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Caen

Caen (Kaem) is a commune inland from the northwestern coast of France.

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Carpet bombing

Carpet bombing, also known as saturation bombing, is a large area bombardment done in a progressive manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected area of land. Aerial bombing of cities and Carpet bombing are aerial bombing.

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Casa Rosada

The Casa Rosada, literally the Pink House, is the president of the Argentine Republic's official workplace, located in Buenos Aires.

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Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar

The Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar (Nuestra Señora del Pilar) is a Catholic church in the city of Zaragoza, Aragon (Spain).

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Chechnya

Chechnya, officially the Chechen Republic, is a republic of Russia.

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Chemical weapon

A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Civilian casualties during Operation Allied Force

Many human rights groups criticised civilian casualties resulting from military actions of NATO forces in Operation Allied Force.

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Civilian casualties of strategic bombing

Strategic bombing is the use of airpower to destroy industrial and economic infrastructure—such as factories, oil refineries, railroads, or power stations—rather than just directly targeting military bases, supply depots, or enemy combatants.

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Civilian casualty

A civilian casualty occurs when a civilian is killed or injured by non-civilians, mostly law enforcement officers, military personnel, rebel group forces, or terrorists.

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Collateral damage

"Collateral damage" is a term for any incidental and undesired death, injury or other damage inflicted, especially on civilians, as the result of an activity.

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Cologne

Cologne (Köln; Kölle) is the largest city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and over 3.1 million people in the Cologne Bonn urban region.

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Combatant

Combatant is the legal status of a person entitled to directly participate in hostilities during an armed conflict, and may be intentionally targeted by an adverse party for their participation in the armed conflict.

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Condor Legion

The Condor Legion (Legion Condor) was a unit of military personnel from the air force and army of Nazi Germany’s Wehrmacht which served with the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War.

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Conflagration

A conflagration is a large fire.

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Contiguous United States

The contiguous United States (officially the conterminous United States) consists of the 48 adjoining U.S. states and the District of Columbia of the United States of America in central North America.

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Coventry Blitz

The Coventry Blitz (blitz: from the German word Blitzkrieg meaning "lightning war") was a series of bombing raids that took place on the British city of Coventry.

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Cristero War

The Cristero War (La Guerra Cristera), also known as the Cristero Rebellion or italics, was a widespread struggle in central and western Mexico from 3 August 1926 to 21 June 1929 in response to the implementation of secularist and anticlerical articles of the 1917 Constitution.

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Croatian War of Independence

The Croatian War of Independence was an armed conflict fought from 1991 to 1995 between Croat forces loyal to the Government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)—and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat operations in Croatia by 1992.

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Damascus

Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.

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Daniel Blatman

Daniel Blatman is an Israeli historian, specializing in history of the Holocaust.

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Daraa

Daraa (Darʿā, Levantine Arabic:, also Darʿā, Dara’a, Deraa, Dera'a, Dera, Derʿā and Edrei; means "fortress", compare Dura-Europos) is a city in southwestern Syria, located about north of the border with Jordan.

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Darayya

Darayya (Dārayyā) is a suburb of Damascus in Syria, the centre of Darayya lying south-west of the centre of Damascus.

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Düsseldorf

Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany.

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Deir ez-Zor

Deir ez-Zor (Dayru z-Zawr / Dayru z-Zūr; Syriac: ܕܝܪܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ, Dayrāʾ Zəʿōrtāʾ) is the largest city in eastern Syria and the seventh largest in the country.

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Democratic Republic of Afghanistan

The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA), renamed the Republic of Afghanistan in 1987, was the Afghan state during the one-party rule of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) from 1978 to 1992.

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Demoralization (warfare)

Demoralization is, in a context of warfare, national security, and law enforcement, a process in psychological warfare with the objective to erode morale among enemy combatants and/or noncombatants.

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Dervish movement (Somali)

The Dervish Movement (Dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiish) was an armed resistance movement between 1899 and 1920, which was led by the Salihiyya Sufi Muslim poet and militant leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, also known as Sayyid Mohamed, who called for independence from the British and Italian colonisers and for the defeat of Ethiopian forces.

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Distinction (law)

Distinction is a principle under international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict, whereby belligerents must distinguish between combatants and protected civilians.

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Edirne

Edirne, historically known as Adrianople (Adrianoúpolis), is a city in Turkey, in the northwestern part of the province of Edirne in Eastern Thrace.

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Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

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Essen

Essen is the central and, after Dortmund, second-largest city of the Ruhr, the largest urban area in Germany.

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.

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Factory

A factory, manufacturing plant or production plant is an industrial facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with machinery, where workers manufacture items or operate machines which process each item into another.

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Fallujah

Fallujah (ٱلْفَلُّوجَة) is a city in Al Anbar Governorate, Iraq.

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Firestorm

A firestorm is a conflagration which attains such intensity that it creates and sustains its own wind system.

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First Balkan War

The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro) against the Ottoman Empire.

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First Chechen War

Chechen resistance against Russian imperialism has its origins from 1785 during the time of Sheikh Mansur, the first imam (leader) of the Caucasian peoples.

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First Italian War of Independence

The First Italian War of Independence (Prima guerra d'indipendenza italiana.), part of the Italian Unification (Risorgimento), was fought by the Kingdom of Sardinia (Piedmont) and Italian volunteers against the Austrian Empire and other conservative states from 23 March 1848 to 22 August 1849 in the Italian Peninsula.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo.

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Francisco Goya

Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes (30 March 1746 – 16 April 1828) was a Spanish romantic painter and printmaker.

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Gaza City

Gaza, also called Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip.

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Geneva Conventions

language.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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German bombing of Rotterdam

In 1940, Rotterdam was subjected to heavy aerial bombardment by the Luftwaffe during the German invasion of the Netherlands during the Second World War. Aerial bombing of cities and German bombing of Rotterdam are world War II strategic bombing by populated place.

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Germany and the Second World War

Germany and the Second World War (Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg) is a 12,000-page, 13-volume work published by the Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt (DVA), that has taken academics from the military history centre of the German armed forces 30 years to finish.

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Gori, Georgia

Gori (გორი) is a city in eastern Georgia, which serves as the regional capital of Shida Kartli and is located at the confluence of two rivers, the Mtkvari and the Liakhvi.

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Granada

Granada is the capital city of the province of Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain.

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Great Yarmouth

Great Yarmouth, often called Yarmouth, is a seaside town which gives its name to the wider Borough of Great Yarmouth in Norfolk, England; it straddles the River Yare and is located east of Norwich.

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Group captain

Group captain (Gp Capt or G/C) is a senior officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from the Royal Air Force.

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Grozny

Grozny (Groznyy,; translit) is the capital city of Chechnya, Russia.

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Guernica (Picasso)

Guernica is a large 1937 oil painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso.

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Gulf War

The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States.

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Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907

The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherlands.

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Haifa

Haifa (Ḥēyfā,; Ḥayfā) is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in.

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Haiphong

Haiphong (Hải Phòng) is the third-largest city in Vietnam and is the principal port city of the Red River Delta.

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Halabja

Halabja (Helebce) is a city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the capital of Halabja Governorate, located about northeast of Baghdad and from the Iranian border.

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Halabja massacre

The Halabja massacre (کیمیابارانی ھەڵەبجە Kêmyabarana Helebce), also known as the Halabja chemical attack, was a massacre of Kurdish people that took place on 16 March 1988 that was led by Saddam Hussein's cousin Ali Hassan al-Majid, during the Iraqi–Kurdish conflict in the closing days of the Iran–Iraq War in Halabja, Iraq.

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Hama

Hama (حَمَاة,; lit; Ḥămāṯ) is a city on the banks of the Orontes River in west-central Syria.

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Hamas

Hamas, an acronym of its official name, Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya (lit), is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist militant resistance movement governing parts of the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip since 2007.

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Hanoi

Hanoi (Hà Nội) is the capital and second-most populous city of Vietnam.

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Harar

Harar (ሐረር; Harari: ሀረር; Adare Biyyo; Herer; هرر), known historically by the indigenous as Harar-Gey or simply Gey (Harari: ጌይ Gēy), is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia.

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Helicopter

A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors.

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Herat

Herāt (Pashto, هرات) is an oasis city and the third-largest city in Afghanistan.

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Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC; Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh), commonly referred to by its former name Saigon (Sài Gòn), is the most populous city in Vietnam, with a population of around 10 million in 2023.

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Homs

Homs (حِمْص / ALA-LC:; Levantine Arabic: حُمْص / Ḥomṣ), known in pre-Islamic Syria as Emesa (Émesa), is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate.

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Horst Boog

Horst Boog (5 January 1928 – 8 January 2016) was a German historian who specialised in the history of Nazi Germany and World War II.

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Huế

Huế is the capital of Thừa Thiên Huế province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam, located near the center of Vietnam.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 4 November 1956; 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was an attempted countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the policies caused by the government's subordination to the Soviet Union (USSR).

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Imperial Japanese Army Air Service

The Imperial Japanese Army Air Service (IJAAS) or Imperial Japanese Army Air Force (IJAAF; lit) was the aviation force of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).

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Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

The (IJNAS) was the air arm of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN).

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Incendiary balloon

An incendiary balloon (or balloon bomb) is a balloon inflated with a lighter-than-air gas such as hot air, hydrogen, or helium, that has a bomb, incendiary device, or Molotov cocktail attached.

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Incendiary kite

An Incendiary kite(also Firebomb kite, flaming kite, Fire Kite) is a kite with a bomb, incendiary device, or Molotov cocktail attached.

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Independent Air Force

The Independent Air Force (IAF), also known as the Independent Force or the Independent Bombing Force and later known as the Inter-Allied Independent Air Force, was a First World War strategic bombing force which was part of Britain's Royal Air Force and was used to strike against German railways, aerodromes, and industrial centres without co-ordination with the Army or Navy.

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International humanitarian law

International humanitarian law (IHL), also referred to as the laws of armed conflict, is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello).

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International Review of the Red Cross

The International Review of the Red Cross is a quarterly peer-reviewed international humanitarian law journal published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Iran–Iraq War

The Iran–Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War, was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988.

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Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

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Iraqi Air Force

The Iraqi Air Force (IQAF or IrAF) (Al Quwwat al Jawwiyah al Iraqiyyah) is the aerial warfare service branch of the Iraqi Armed Forces.

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Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)

An Iraqi insurgency began shortly after the 2003 American invasion deposed longtime leader Saddam Hussein.

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Iraqi Intelligence Service

The Iraqi Intelligence Service also known as the Mukhabarat, General Intelligence Directorate, or Party Intelligence, was an 8,000-man agency and the main state intelligence organization in Iraq under Saddam Hussein.

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Iraqi no-fly zones conflict

The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991.

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Iraqi Revolt

The Iraqi Revolt began in Baghdad in the summer of 1920 with mass demonstrations by Iraqis, including protests by embittered officers from the old Ottoman Army, against the British who published the new land ownership and the burial taxes at Najaf.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe.

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Isaaq

The Isaaq (Reer Sheekh Isxaaq, Arabic: Banu Ishaq) is a major Somali clan.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

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Italo-Turkish War

The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War (Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War", Guerra di Libia, "War of Libya") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from 29 September 1911, to 18 October 1912.

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Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

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Jeremy Bowen

Jeremy Francis John Bowen (born 6 February 1960) is a Welsh journalist and television presenter.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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Jijiga

Jijiga (ጅጅጋ, Jijiga) is the capital city of Somali Region, Ethiopia.

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Jordan

Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.

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Juan Perón

Juan Domingo Perón (8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine lieutenant general, politician and statesman who served as the 35th President of Argentina from 1946 to his overthrow in 1955, and again as the 45th President from October 1973 to his death in July 1974.

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Karaağaç, Edirne

Karaağaç is a neighbourhood of the city Edirne, Edirne District, Edirne Province, northwestern Turkey.

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Kármán line

The Kármán line (or von Kármán line) is a conventional definition of the edge of space.

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Khalq

Khalq (خلق) was a faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA).

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King's Lynn

King's Lynn, known until 1537 as Bishop's Lynn and colloquially as Lynn, is a port and market town in the borough of King's Lynn and West Norfolk in the county of Norfolk, England.

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Korean War

The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea; it began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea and ceased upon an armistice on 27 July 1953.

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Kurdistan

Kurdistan (lit), or Greater Kurdistan, is a roughly defined geo-cultural region in West Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based.

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Kuwait City

Kuwait City (مدينة الكويت) is the capital and largest city of Kuwait.

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Laser-guided bomb

A laser-guided bomb (LGB) is a guided bomb that uses semi-active laser guidance to strike a designated target with greater accuracy than an unguided bomb.

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Law of war

The law of war is a component of international law that regulates the conditions for initiating war (jus ad bellum) and the conduct of hostilities (jus in bello).

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League of Nations

The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

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Legitimate military target

A legitimate military target is an object, structure, individual, or entity that is considered to be a valid target for attack by belligerent forces according to the law of war during an armed conflict.

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Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the Wehrmacht before and during World War II.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.

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Mallorca

Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island of the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain, and the seventh largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Manchester University Press

Manchester University Press is the university press of the University of Manchester, England and a publisher of academic books and journals.

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Mannheim

Mannheim (Palatine German: Mannem or Monnem), officially the University City of Mannheim (Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's 21st-largest city, with a 2021 population of 311,831 inhabitants.

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Marco Polo Bridge incident

The Marco Polo Bridge incident, also known as the Lugou Bridge incident or the July 7 incident, was a battle during July 1937 in the district of Beijing between the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China's and the Imperial Japanese Army.

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Mariana Islands

The Mariana Islands (Manislan Mariånas), also simply the Marianas, are a crescent-shaped archipelago comprising the summits of fifteen longitudinally oriented, mostly dormant volcanic mountains in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, between the 12th and 21st parallels north and along the 145th meridian east.

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Mazatlán

Mazatlán is a city in the Mexican state of Sinaloa.

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Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920.

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Mexico

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.

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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23

The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 (Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-23; NATO reporting name: Flogger) is a variable-geometry fighter aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau in the Soviet Union.

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Milan

Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

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Military

A military, also known collectively as an armed forces, are a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare.

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Military base

A military base is a facility directly owned and operated by or for the military or one of its branches that shelters military equipment and personnel, and facilitates training and operations.

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Military necessity

Military necessity, along with distinction, and proportionality, are three important principles of international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict.

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Missile guidance

Missile guidance refers to a variety of methods of guiding a missile or a guided bomb to its intended target.

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Mosul

Mosul (al-Mawṣil,,; translit; Musul; Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate.

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Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan

Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الله حسن: Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan.; Osmanya: 𐒉𐒖𐒕𐒕𐒘𐒆 𐒑𐒙𐒔𐒖𐒑𐒑𐒗𐒆 𐒛𐒁𐒆𐒚𐒐𐒐𐒖𐒔 H𐒖𐒈𐒈𐒖𐒒: 7 April 1856 – 21 December 1920) was a Somali religious, political, and military leader who founded and headed the Dervish movement, which led a Holy war against British, Italian, and Ethiopian intrusions in the Horn of Africa.

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Mukden incident

The Mukden incident was a false flag event staged by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria.

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Naco, Arizona

Naco is a census-designated place (CDP) located in Cochise County, Arizona, United States.

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Naco, Sonora

Naco is a Mexican town in Naco Municipality located in the northeast part of Sonora state on the border with the United States.

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Najaf

Najaf or An-Najaf or Al-Najaf (ٱلنَّجَف) or An-Najaf al-Ashraf (ٱلنَّجَف ٱلْأَشْرَف), is the capital city of Najaf Governorate in central Iraq about 160 km (99 mi) south of Baghdad.

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National redoubt

A national redoubt or national fortress is an area to which the (remnant) military forces of a nation can be withdrawn if the main battle has been lost or even earlier if defeat is considered inevitable.

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NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

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NATO bombing of Novi Sad

During the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, aerial bombings were carried out against the second largest Yugoslav city of Novi Sad.

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NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) carried out an aerial bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Niš cluster bombing

The cluster bombings of Niš were events that occurred on 7 and 12 May 1999 during the coalition-led bombing of Yugoslavia.

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Non-combatant

Non-combatant is a term of art in the law of war and international humanitarian law to refer to civilians who are not taking a direct part in hostilities; persons, such as combat medics and military chaplains, who are members of the belligerent armed forces but are protected because of their specific duties (as currently described in Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions, adopted in June 1977); combatants who are placed hors de combat; and neutral persons, such as peacekeepers, who are not involved in fighting for one of the belligerents involved in a war.

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North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.

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Open city

In war, an open city is a settlement which has announced it has abandoned all defensive efforts, generally in the event of the imminent capture of the city to avoid destruction.

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Operation Rolling Thunder

Operation Rolling Thunder was a gradual and sustained aerial bombardment campaign conducted by the United States (U.S.) 2nd Air Division (later Seventh Air Force), U.S. Navy, and Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) against North Vietnam from 2 March 1965 until 2 November 1968, during the Vietnam War.

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Orkney

Orkney (Orkney; Orkneyjar; Orknøjar), also known as the Orkney Islands (archaically "The Orkneys"), is an archipelago off the north coast of Scotland.

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Pablo Picasso

Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France.

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Palestinians

Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.

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Patrick Murphy (pilot)

Patrick Murphy was an Irish-American pilot who mistakenly bombed the border town of Naco, Arizona in April 1929 during the Escobar Rebellion.

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Peter Strasser

Peter Strasser (1 April 1876 – 5 August 1918) was chief commander of German Imperial Navy Zeppelins during World War I, the main force operating bombing campaigns from 1915 to 1917.

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Phetracha

Phetracha (alternative spellings: Bedraja, P'etraja, Petraja, Petratcha; also called Phra Phetracha; เพทราชา,; 1632– 5 February 1703) was a king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, usurping the throne from his predecessor King Narai and originally settled in Phluluang Village.

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Precision-guided munition

A precision-guided munition (PGM), also called a smart weapon, smart munition, or smart bomb, is a guided munition intended to hit a specific target, to minimize collateral damage and increase lethality against intended targets.

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Presidential Palace, Grozny

The Presidential Palace in Grozny was a building in the center of the Chechen capital Grozny.

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Proportionality (law)

Proportionality is a general principle in law which covers several separate (although related) concepts.

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Protected persons

Protected persons is a legal term under international humanitarian law and refers to persons who are under specific protection of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, their 1977 Additional Protocols, and customary international humanitarian law during an armed conflict.

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Protocol I

Protocol I (also Additional Protocol I and AP I) is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions concerning the protection of civilian victims of international war, such as "armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination, alien occupation or racist regimes".

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RAF Bomber Command

RAF Bomber Command controlled the Royal Air Force's bomber forces from 1936 to 1968.

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Regia Aeronautica

The Royal Italian Air Force (Regia Aeronautica Italiana) (RAI) was the air force of the Kingdom of Italy.

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Roerich Pact

The Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments or Roerich Pact is an inter-American treaty.

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Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

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Rotterdam

Rotterdam (lit. "The Dam on the River Rotte") is the second-largest city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.

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Royal Naval Air Service

The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914 to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form the Royal Air Force (RAF), the world's first independent air force.

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Russo-Georgian War

The 2008 Russo-Georgian WarThe war is known by a variety of other names, including Five-Day War, August War and Russian invasion of Georgia.

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

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Second Chechen War

The Second Chechen War is also known as the Second Chechen Campaign (Втора́я чече́нская кампа́ния) or the Second Russian Invasion of Chechnya from the Chechen insurgents' point of view.

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Second Intifada

The Second Intifada (lit; האינתיפאדה השנייה), also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada, was a major uprising by Palestinians against the Israeli occupation, characterized by a period of heightened violence in the Palestinian territories and Israel between 2000 and 2005.

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Second Italo-Ethiopian War

The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, also referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, was a war of aggression waged by Italy against Ethiopia, which lasted from October 1935 to February 1937.

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Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931.

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Second Spanish Republic

The Spanish Republic, commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic, was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001.

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Serbia

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Southeast and Central Europe, located in the Balkans and the Pannonian Plain.

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Seville

Seville (Sevilla) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville.

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Shanghai

Shanghai is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China.

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Shenyang

Shenyang is a sub-provincial city in north-central Liaoning, China.

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Sheringham

Sheringham (population 7,367) is a seaside town and civil parish in the county of Norfolk, England.

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Shock and awe

Shock and awe (technically known as rapid dominance) is a military strategy based on the use of overwhelming power and spectacular displays of force to paralyze the enemy's perception of the battlefield and destroy their will to fight.

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Siege of Beirut

During the 1982 Lebanon War, the city of Beirut was besieged by Israel following the breakdown of the ceasefire that had been imposed by the United Nations amidst the Lebanese Civil War.

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Siege of Dubrovnik

The siege of Dubrovnik (опсада Дубровника) was a military engagement fought between the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and Croatian forces defending the city of Dubrovnik and its surroundings during the Croatian War of Independence.

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Siege of Leningrad

The Siege of Leningrad was a prolonged military siege undertaken by the Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) on the Eastern Front of World War II.

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Siege of Madrid

The Siege of Madrid was a two-and-a-half-year siege of the Republican-controlled Spanish capital city of Madrid by the Nationalist armies, under General Francisco Franco, during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939).

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Six-Day War

The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 June 1967.

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Somali Air Force

The Somali Air Force (SAF; Ciidamada Cirka Soomaaliyeed, Osmanya: 𐒋𐒕𐒆𐒖𐒑𐒖𐒆𐒖 𐒋𐒘𐒇𐒏𐒖 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒜𐒆, CCS; القوات الجوية الصومالية, Al-Qūwāt al-Gawwīyä as-Ṣūmālīyä) is the air force of Somalia.

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Somali National Movement

The Somali National Movement (Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed, الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) was one of the first and most important organized guerilla groups and Mujahideen groups that opposed the Siad Barre regime in the 1980s to the 1990s, as well as being the main anti-government faction during the Somaliland War of Independence.

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Somaliland campaign

The Somaliland Campaign, also called the Anglo-Somali War or the Dervish War, was a series of military expeditions that took place between 1900 and 1920 in modern-day Somalia.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

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South Vietnam

South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (RVN; Việt Nam Cộng hòa; VNCH, République du Viêt Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam.

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South Vietnam Air Force

The South Vietnam Air Force, officially the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF; Không lực Việt Nam Cộng hòa, KLVNCH; Force aérienne vietnamienne, FAVN) (sometimes referred to as the Vietnam Air Force or VNAF), was the aerial branch of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces, the official military of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) from 1955 to 1975.

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Soviet Air Forces

The Soviet Air Forces (r, VVS SSSR; literally "Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"; initialism VVS, sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force", were one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Service in 1917, and faced their greatest test during World War II.

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Soviet–Afghan War

The Soviet–Afghan War was a protracted armed conflict fought in the Soviet-controlled Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) from 1979 to 1989. The war was a major conflict of the Cold War as it saw extensive fighting between Soviet Union, the DRA and allied paramilitary groups against the Afghan mujahideen and their allied foreign fighters.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.

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Stanley Baldwin

Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a British statesman and Conservative politician who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars.

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Strategic bombing

Strategic bombing is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability. Aerial bombing of cities and strategic bombing are aerial bombing.

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Strategic bombing during World War II

World War II (1939–1945) involved sustained strategic bombing of railways, harbours, cities, workers' and civilian housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory. Strategic bombing as a military strategy is distinct both from close air support of ground forces and from tactical air power.

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Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.

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Svilengrad

Svilengrad (Свиленград; Σβίλενγκραντ; Cisr-i Mustafapaşa) is a town in Haskovo Province, south-central Bulgaria, situated at the tripoint of Bulgaria, Turkey, and Greece.

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Sylt

Sylt (Sild; Söl'ring North Frisian: Söl) is an island in northern Germany, part of Nordfriesland district, Schleswig-Holstein, well known for the distinctive shape of its shoreline.

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Syrian civil war

The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.

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Syrians

Syrians (سوريون) are the majority inhabitants of Syria, indigenous to the Levant, who have Arabic, especially its Levantine dialect, as a mother tongue.

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Taleh

Taleh (Taleex, تليح) is a historical town in the eastern Sool region of Somaliland.

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Target of opportunity

A target of opportunity is a target "visible to a surface or air sensor or observer, which is within range of available weapons and against which fire has not been scheduled or requested." A target of opportunity comes in two forms; "unplanned" and "unanticipated".

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Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv-Yafo (translit,; translit), usually referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel.

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Tet Offensive

The Tet Offensive was a major escalation and one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War.

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The Blitz

The Blitz was a German bombing campaign against the United Kingdom, in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War.

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The bomber will always get through

"The bomber will always get through" was a phrase used by Stanley Baldwin in a 1932 speech "A Fear for the Future" given to the British Parliament.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Thermobaric weapon

A thermobaric weapon, also called an aerosol bomb, or a vacuum bomb, is a type of explosive munition that works by dispersing an aerosol cloud of gas, liquid or powdered explosive.

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Tianjin

Tianjin is a municipality and metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea.

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Tripoli, Libya

Tripoli (translation) is the capital and largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.183 million people in 2023.

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Tskhinvali

Tskhinvali (ცხინვალი) or Tskhinval (Cxinval, Čreba,; r) is the capital of the disputed de facto independent Republic of South Ossetia, internationally considered part of Shida Kartli, Georgia (except by the Russian Federation and four other UN member states).

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Tulsa race massacre

The Tulsa race massacre, also known as the Tulsa race riot or the Black Wall Street massacre, was a two-day-long white supremacist terrorist massacre that took place between May 31 and June 1, 1921, when mobs of white residents, some of whom had been appointed as deputies and armed by city government officials, attacked black residents and destroyed homes and businesses of the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma.

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Turin

Turin (Torino) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.

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United States Air Force

The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States.

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United States Army Air Forces

The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and de facto aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II (1941–1947).

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.

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United States Strategic Bombing Survey

The United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) was a written report created by a board of experts assembled to produce an impartial assessment of the effects of the Anglo-American strategic bombing of Nazi Germany during the European theatre of World War II.

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V-2 rocket

The V2 (lit), with the technical name Aggregat 4 (A4), was the world's first long-range guided ballistic missile.

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V-weapons

V-weapons, known in original German as Vergeltungswaffen (German: "retaliatory weapons", "reprisal weapons"), were a particular set of long-range artillery weapons designed for strategic bombing during World War II, particularly strategic bombing and/or aerial bombing of cities.

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Valencia

Valencia (officially in Valencian: València) is the capital of the province and autonomous community of the same name in Spain.

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Valladolid

Valladolid is a municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Venustiano Carranza

José Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920) was a Mexican land owner and politician who served as President of Mexico from 1917 until his assassination in 1920, during the Mexican Revolution.

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Vickers Vernon

The Vickers Vernon was a British biplane troop carrier used by the Royal Air Force.

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Vietnam People's Air Force

The Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF; Không quân nhân dân Việt Nam (KQNDVN)), officially the Air Defence - Air Force Service (ADAF Service) or the Vietnam Air Force (Không quân Việt Nam (KQVN)), is the aerial and space service branch of Vietnam.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

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Volgograd

Volgograd (p), formerly Tsaritsyn (label) (1589–1925) and Stalingrad (label) (1925–1961), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia.

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Wafiq al-Samarrai

Wafiq Ajeel Homood al-Samarrai (وفيق عجيل حمود السامرائي; 1 July 1947 – 29 August 2022) was an Iraqi general who was chief of the country's general military intelligence.

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Walter de Milemete

Walter de Milemete was an English scholar who in his early twenties was commissioned by Queen Isabella of France to write a treatise on kingship for her son, the young prince Edward, later king Edward III of England called De nobilitatibus, sapientiis, et prudentiis regum in 1326.

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War

War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups.

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War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)

The War in Afghanistan was an armed conflict that took place from 2001 to 2021.

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War of the Cities

The War of the Cities was five series of air raids, missile attacks and artillery shellings on major cities and urban areas initiated by Saddam Hussein's Iraqi Air Force, with the aim of disrupting the morale of Iran during the Iran–Iraq War.

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Warsaw

Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland.

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Werner Rahn

Werner Rahn (9 June 1939 – 19 November 2022) was a German naval historian and naval officer.

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Wieluń

Wieluń (Velun) is a town in south-central Poland with 21,624 inhabitants (2021).

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Working class

The working class is a subset of employees who are compensated with wage or salary-based contracts, whose exact membership varies from definition to definition.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Yugoslav People's Army

The Yugoslav People's Army (JNA/ЈНА; Macedonian, Montenegrin and Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian and Jugoslavenska narodna armija; Jugoslovanska ljudska armada, JLA), also called the Yugoslav National Army, was the military of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its antecedents from 1945 to 1992.

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Yugoslav Wars

The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but relatedNaimark (2003), p. xvii.

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Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia (Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија) was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 to 1992.

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Zaragoza

Zaragoza also known in English as Saragossa,Encyclopædia Britannica is the capital city of the province of Zaragoza and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain.

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Zeppelin

A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Ferdinand von Zeppelin who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century.

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1948 Arab–Israeli War

The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War, followed the civil war in Mandatory Palestine as the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war.

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1979 Herat uprising

The Herat uprising (قیامهرات), locally known as the Uprising of 24th Hūt (قیامبیست و چهار حوت) was an insurrection that took place in and around the city of Herat in western Afghanistan, across several days in March 1979.

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1991 Iraqi uprisings

The 1991 Iraqi uprisings were ethnic and religious uprisings against Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq that were led by Shia Arabs and Kurds.

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2003 invasion of Iraq

The 2003 invasion of Iraq was the first stage of the Iraq War.

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2006 Lebanon War

The 2006 Lebanon War, also called the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War and known in Lebanon as the July War (حرب تموز, Ḥarb Tammūz) and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון השנייה, Milhemet Levanon HaShniya), was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon, northern Israel and the Golan Heights.

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See also

Aerial bombing

• Aerial bomb
• Aerial bombardment and international law
• Aerial bombing of cities
• Aerial bombs
• Air burst
• Anilite bomb
• Area bombardment
• Area bombing directive
• Armed helicopter
• Auschwitz bombing debate
• Basic Encyclopedia
• Battle for Caen
• Bomb damage assessment
• Bomber aircraft
• Carpet bombing
• Casablanca directive
• Creepback
• Drone warfare
• Firebombing
• Gaugefechtsstand Wien
• German Village (Dugway Proving Ground)
• Glasgow Army Airfield Norden Bombsight Storage Vault
• High level bombing
• Indiscriminate attack
• Japanese Village (Dugway Proving Ground)
• Laydown delivery
• Navigation and Bombing System
• Shuttle bombing
• Strategic bombing
• Tactical bombing
• Toss bombing

Airstrikes by populated place

• Aerial bombing of cities
• Chenagai airstrike
• Damadola airstrike
• Granai airstrike

Building bombings

• Aerial bombing of cities
• Pub bombing

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_bombing_of_cities

Also known as Aerial bombardment of cities, Bombing cities, Bombing of cities.

, Boeing B-29 Superfortress, Bombardment, Bombing of Alicante, Bombing of Barcelona, Bombing of Belgrade in World War II, Bombing of Bucharest in World War II, Bombing of Cabra, Bombing of Cologne in World War II, Bombing of Darmstadt in World War II, Bombing of Darwin, Bombing of Dresden, Bombing of Durango, Bombing of Granollers, Bombing of Guernica, Bombing of Hamburg in World War II, Bombing of Helsinki in World War II, Bombing of Jaén, Bombing of Kassel in World War II, Bombing of Mandalay (1942), Bombing of Pforzheim in World War II, Bombing of Plaza de Mayo, Bombing of Rangoon in World War II, Bombing of Singapore (1941), Bombing of Tokyo (10 March 1945), Bombing of Wieluń, Bremen, British Somaliland, Budapest, Buenos Aires, Bulgaria, Burgos, Caen, Carpet bombing, Casa Rosada, Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar, Chechnya, Chemical weapon, China, Civilian casualties during Operation Allied Force, Civilian casualties of strategic bombing, Civilian casualty, Collateral damage, Cologne, Combatant, Condor Legion, Conflagration, Contiguous United States, Coventry Blitz, Cristero War, Croatian War of Independence, Damascus, Daniel Blatman, Daraa, Darayya, Düsseldorf, Deir ez-Zor, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Demoralization (warfare), Dervish movement (Somali), Distinction (law), Edirne, Egypt, Essen, Ethiopia, Factory, Fallujah, Firestorm, First Balkan War, First Chechen War, First Italian War of Independence, Francisco Franco, Francisco Goya, Gaza City, Geneva Conventions, Georgia (country), German bombing of Rotterdam, Germany and the Second World War, Gori, Georgia, Granada, Great Yarmouth, Group captain, Grozny, Guernica (Picasso), Gulf War, Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, Haifa, Haiphong, Halabja, Halabja massacre, Hama, Hamas, Hanoi, Harar, Helicopter, Herat, Ho Chi Minh City, Homs, Horst Boog, Huế, Human Rights Watch, Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Imperial Japanese Army Air Service, Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, Incendiary balloon, Incendiary kite, Independent Air Force, International humanitarian law, International Review of the Red Cross, Iran, Iran–Iraq War, Iraq, Iraqi Air Force, Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011), Iraqi Intelligence Service, Iraqi no-fly zones conflict, Iraqi Revolt, Ireland, Isaaq, Israel, Italo-Turkish War, Italy, Jeremy Bowen, Jerusalem, Jijiga, Jordan, Juan Perón, Karaağaç, Edirne, Kármán line, Khalq, King's Lynn, Korean War, Kurdistan, Kuwait City, Laser-guided bomb, Law of war, League of Nations, Lebanon, Legitimate military target, Luftwaffe, Madrid, Mallorca, Manchester University Press, Mannheim, Marco Polo Bridge incident, Mariana Islands, Mazatlán, Mexican Revolution, Mexico, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23, Milan, Military, Military base, Military necessity, Missile guidance, Mosul, Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan, Mukden incident, Naco, Arizona, Naco, Sonora, Najaf, National redoubt, NATO, NATO bombing of Novi Sad, NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, Nazi Germany, Niš cluster bombing, Non-combatant, North Korea, Open city, Operation Rolling Thunder, Orkney, Pablo Picasso, Palestinians, Patrick Murphy (pilot), Peter Strasser, Phetracha, Precision-guided munition, Presidential Palace, Grozny, Proportionality (law), Protected persons, Protocol I, RAF Bomber Command, Regia Aeronautica, Roerich Pact, Romania, Rotterdam, Royal Air Force, Royal Naval Air Service, Russo-Georgian War, Saddam Hussein, Saint Petersburg, Second Chechen War, Second Intifada, Second Italo-Ethiopian War, Second Sino-Japanese War, Second Spanish Republic, September 11 attacks, Serbia, Seville, Shanghai, Shenyang, Sheringham, Shock and awe, Siege of Beirut, Siege of Dubrovnik, Siege of Leningrad, Siege of Madrid, Six-Day War, Somali Air Force, Somali National Movement, Somaliland campaign, Song dynasty, South Korea, South Vietnam, South Vietnam Air Force, Soviet Air Forces, Soviet–Afghan War, Spanish Civil War, Stanley Baldwin, Strategic bombing, Strategic bombing during World War II, Sub-Saharan Africa, Svilengrad, Sylt, Syrian civil war, Syrians, Taleh, Target of opportunity, Tel Aviv, Tet Offensive, The Blitz, The bomber will always get through, The New York Times, Thermobaric weapon, Tianjin, Tripoli, Libya, Tskhinvali, Tulsa race massacre, Turin, United Nations, United Nations Security Council, United States Air Force, United States Army Air Forces, United States Department of State, United States Strategic Bombing Survey, V-2 rocket, V-weapons, Valencia, Valladolid, Venustiano Carranza, Vickers Vernon, Vietnam People's Air Force, Vietnam War, Volgograd, Wafiq al-Samarrai, Walter de Milemete, War, War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), War of the Cities, Warsaw, Werner Rahn, Wieluń, Working class, World War I, World War II, Yugoslav People's Army, Yugoslav Wars, Yugoslavia, Zaragoza, Zeppelin, 1948 Arab–Israeli War, 1979 Herat uprising, 1991 Iraqi uprisings, 2003 invasion of Iraq, 2006 Lebanon War.

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