Alabama

Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. ^[1]

Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools

The Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS) is a non-profit education corporation that is recognized by the United States Department of Education as an independent and autonomous national accrediting body.

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Adams–Onís Treaty

The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty,Weeks, p.168.

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ADTRAN

ADTRAN, Inc. is a provider of telecommunications networking equipment and internetworking products.

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Aerospace

Aerospace is the human effort in science, engineering and business to fly in the atmosphere of Earth (aeronautics) and surrounding space (astronautics).

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African Americans

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.

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Agnosticism

Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable.

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Airbus

Airbus SE is a European corporation, registered in the Netherlands and trading shares in France, Germany and Spain.

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Airbus A320 family

The Airbus A320 family consists of short- to medium-range, narrow-body, commercial passenger twin-engine jet airliners manufactured by Airbus.

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Airbus LPGA Classic

The Airbus LPGA Classic was a women's professional golf tournament on the LPGA Tour, played in Mobile, Alabama from 2008 to 2014.

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Alabama

Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Alabama (state song)

The song "Alabama" is the official state song for the State of Alabama.

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Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine

The Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine is a private, non-profit medical school for osteopathic medicine located in the city of Dothan in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Alabama Commission on Higher Education

The Alabama Commission on Higher education, a statewide 12-member lay board appointed by the Governor of Alabama, Lieutenant Governor, and Speaker of the House and confirmed by the Senate, is the state agency responsible for the overall statewide planning and coordination of higher education in Alabama, the administration of various student aid programs, and the performance of designated regulatory functions.

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Alabama Crimson Tide

The Alabama Crimson Tide refers to the 21 men and women varsity teams that represent the University of Alabama.

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Alabama Democratic Party

The Alabama Democratic Party is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the state of Alabama.

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Alabama Department of Archives and History

The Alabama Department of Archives and History (ADAH) is the official repository of archival records for the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Alabama Fever

Alabama Fever was the land rush that occurred after 1817 as settlers and speculators moved in to establish land claims in the territory and U.S. State of Alabama as Native American tribes ceded territory.

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Alabama High School Athletic Association

The Alabama High School Athletic Association (AHSAA), based in Montgomery, is the governing body for interscholastic athletics and activities programs for public schools in Alabama.

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Alabama Historical Association

The Alabama Historical Association (est. 1947) of Alabama, United States, is an historical society that aims to "discover, procure, preserve, and diffuse whatever may relate to the natural, civil, literary, cultural, economic, ecclesiastical, and political history of the state of Alabama." James Frederick Sulzby (1905-1988) served as president of the organization from 1947 through 1949.

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Alabama House of Representatives

The Alabama House of Representatives is the lower house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Alabama in the American Civil War

The State of Alabama was central to the Civil War, with the secession convention at Montgomery, birthplace of the Confederacy, inviting other states to form a Southern Republic, during January-March 1861, and develop constitutions to legally run their own affairs.

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Alabama Indian Affairs Commission

Alabama Indian Affairs Commission (AIAC) was created by a legislative act in 1984 and represents more than 38,000 American Indian families who are residents of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Alabama language

Alabama (also known as Alibamu) is a Native American language, spoken by the Alabama-Coushatta tribe of Texas.

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Alabama Legislature

The Alabama Legislature is the legislative branch of the state government of Alabama.

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Alabama people

The Alabama or Alibamu (Albaamaha) are a Southeastern culture people of Native Americans, originally from Alabama.

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Alabama Political Reporter

The Alabama Political Reporter is a website that covers Alabama politics.

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Alabama Public Television

Alabama Public Television is a state network of PBS member television stations serving the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Alabama red-bellied cooter

The Alabama red-bellied cooter (Pseudemys alabamensis) or Alabama red-bellied turtle, is native to Alabama.

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Alabama Republican Party

The Alabama Republican Party is the state affiliate of the Republican Party in Alabama.

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Alabama River

The Alabama River, in the U.S. state of Alabama, is formed by the Tallapoosa and Coosa rivers, which unite about north of Montgomery, near the suburb of Wetumpka.

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Alabama Senate

The Alabama State Senate is the upper house of the Alabama Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Alabama State Board of Education

The Alabama State Board of Education is a nine-member body which authorizes the education policy for the state of Alabama.

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Alabama State Capitol

The Alabama State Capitol, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the First Confederate Capitol, is the state capitol building for Alabama.

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Alabama State Treasurer

The Alabama State Treasurer acts as the head banker for the State of Alabama, handling deposits, withdrawals, redemptions of state warrants, and investments of state funds.

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Alabama Territory

The Territory of Alabama (sometimes Alabama Territory) was an organized incorporated territory of the United States.

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Alabaster, Alabama

Alabaster is a city and southern suburb of Birmingham in Shelby County, Alabama, United States.

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Albertville, Alabama

Albertville is a city in Marshall County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.

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Alcoholic beverage control state

Alcoholic beverage control states, generally called control states, are 17 states in the United States that, as of 2016, have state monopoly over the wholesaling or retailing of some or all categories of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits.

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Alexander Beaufort Meek

Alexander Beaufort Meek (July 17, 1814 (Columbia, South Carolina) – November 30, 1865 (Columbus, Mississippi) was an American politician, lawyer, judge, chess player, writer and poet. He served as Alabama's Attorney General in 1836.

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Alexander City, Alabama

Alexander City, known to locals as "Alex City", is a city in Tallapoosa County, Alabama, United States, with a population of some 14,875.

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American black bear

The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is a medium-sized bear native to North America.

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American Broadcasting Company

The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of Disney–ABC Television Group, a subsidiary of the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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American football

American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada and also known as gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.

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American Independent Party

The American Independent Party (AIP) is a far-right political party in the United States that was established in 1967.

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American Revolution

The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.

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Amphibian

Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.

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AmSouth Bancorporation

AmSouth Bancorporation was a banking company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, and operated for its final year in existence as a bank holding company (subsidiary) of Regions Financial Corporation after a merger between the two banks.

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Amtrak

The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak, is a passenger railroad service that provides medium- and long-distance intercity service in the contiguous United States and to three Canadian cities.

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Anniston Army Depot

Anniston Army Depot (ANAD) is a major United States Army facility for the production and repair of ground combat vehicles, overhaul of Small Arms Weapon Systems and the storage of chemical weapons, a.k.a. the Anniston Chemical Activity.

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Anniston station

Anniston is an Amtrak train station at 126 West 4th Street in Anniston, Alabama.

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Anniston, Alabama

Anniston is a city in Calhoun County in the state of Alabama.

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Anniston–Oxford metropolitan area

The Anniston–Oxford metropolitan statistical area is the most populated metropolitan area in Northeast Alabama next to Huntsville. At the 2000 census, it had a population of 112,249. The MSA is anchored by significant jobs at Jacksonville State University, the Northeast Alabama Regional Medical Center, Stringfellow Hospital, the Anniston Army Depot, and the Department of Homeland Security at McClellan. McClellan has transitioned from being a closed military base, to becoming the home of hundreds of residents, new retail growth such as a Lowe's Home Improvement Store, and now more than 3,000 jobs spread out over more than 20 employers. Anniston remains strong in health care, legal, financial services and manufacturing. Oxford, with Interstate 20 running right through it, has developed a number of retail and restaurant establishments including the Oxford Exchange which is anchored by Target. Jacksonville is an important city in the region due to its student population and education resources at Jacksonville State University. The other cities surrounding Anniston–Oxford are Piedmont, Ohatchee, Hobson City, and Weaver.

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Appalachian Mountains

The Appalachian Mountains (les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.

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Appalachian Plateau

The Appalachian Plateau is a series of rugged, high plains located on the western side of the Appalachian Highlands.

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Appellate court

An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court, court of appeals (American English), appeal court (British English), court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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ArcelorMittal

ArcelorMittal S.A. is a Luxembourgish multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg.

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Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Artifact (archaeology)

An artifact, or artefact (see American and British English spelling differences), is something made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest.

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Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or simply Ashkenazim (אַשְׁכְּנַזִּים, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation:, singular:, Modern Hebrew:; also), are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium.

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Ashville, Alabama

Ashville is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States.

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Asian Americans

Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent.

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Assemblies of God

The Assemblies of God (AG), officially the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, is a group of over 140 autonomous but loosely associated national groupings of churches which together form the world's largest Pentecostal denomination.

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Association for Biblical Higher Education

The Association for Biblical Higher Education (ABHE), formerly The Accrediting Association of Bible Colleges (AABC) is a nationally recognized accrediting agency in the United States.

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AT&T

AT&T Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered at Whitacre Tower in Downtown Dallas, Texas.

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At-large

At-large is a designation for members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body (for example, a city, state or province, nation, club or association), rather than a subset of that membership.

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Atheism

Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Atlanta

Atlanta is the capital city and most populous municipality of the state of Georgia in the United States.

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Atlantic tarpon

The Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) inhabits coastal waters, estuaries, lagoons, and rivers.

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ATP Birmingham

The ATP Birmingham was a men's tennis tournament played in Birmingham, Alabama, United States, from 1973 until 1980.

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Attorney General of Alabama

The Attorney General of Alabama is an elected, constitutional officer of the State of Alabama.

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Auburn metropolitan area, Alabama

The Auburn Metropolitan Area—officially the Auburn-Opelika, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area—is a metro area in east-central Alabama with a 2016 population of 158,991.

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Auburn Tigers

The Auburn Tigers are the athletic teams representing Auburn University, a public four-year coeducational university located in Auburn, Alabama, United States.

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Auburn University

Auburn University (AU or Auburn) is a public research university in Auburn, Alabama, United States.

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Auburn, Alabama

Auburn is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States.

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Audemus jura nostra defendere

Audemus jura nostra defendere — Latin for "We Dare Defend Our Rights" or "We Dare Maintain Our Rights" — is the state motto of Alabama and is depicted on the official Coat of arms of Alabama.

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Autauga County, Alabama

Autauga County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Avocent

Avocent, a business of Vertiv, is an information-technology products manufacturer headquartered in Huntsville, Alabama.

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B.L. Harbert International

B.L. Harbert International, LLC, based in Birmingham, Alabama, is a construction company that began operations in 2000 under the leadership of Billy L. Harbert.

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Bahá'í Faith

The Bahá'í Faith (بهائی) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.

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Baker v. Carr

Baker v. Carr,, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that decided that redistricting (attempts to change the way voting districts are delineated) issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide redistricting cases.

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Baldwin County, Alabama

Baldwin County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Bama (soil)

Bama is the official state soil of Alabama.

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Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria

Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. (BBVA) (is a multinational Spanish banking group. It was formed from a merger of Banco Bilbao Vizcaya and Argentaria in 1999, and is the second largest bank in Spain. The company is a constituent of the IBEX 35 and Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. In 2007, the firm started an initiative to digitally transform the bank. Following implementation, it saw a 19% year-on-year increase in new customers. As of 2015, the total number of these clients stood at 14.8 million.

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Barbasol Championship

The Barbasol Championship is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour that was played for the first time in 2015 as an alternate event to The Open Championship.

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Barber Motorsports Park

The Barber Motorsports Park is a multi-purpose racing facility located in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Basilosaurus

Basilosaurus ("king lizard") is a genus of prehistoric cetacean that existed during the Late Eocene, 40 to 35 million years ago (mya).

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Bay Minette, Alabama

Bay Minette is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama.

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Bayou La Batre, Alabama

Bayou La Batre is a town in Mobile County, Alabama, United States.

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BBVA Compass

BBVA Compass Bancshares, Inc. (formerly Compass Bancshares) is a bank holding company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama.

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BE&K

BE&K, Inc., based in Birmingham, Alabama, is a global engineering and construction company.

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BellSouth

BellSouth, LLC (stylized as BELLSOUTH and formerly known as BellSouth Corporation) is an American telecommunications holding company based in Atlanta, Georgia.

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Benjamin S. Turner

Benjamin Sterling Turner (March 17, 1825, Weldon, North Carolina – March 21, 1894, Selma, Alabama) was an American businessman and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives representing Alabama's 1st congressional district in the 42nd United States Congress.

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Bible Belt

The Bible Belt is an informal region in the Southern United States in which socially conservative evangelical Protestantism plays a strong role in society and politics, and Christian church attendance across the denominations is generally higher than the nation's average.

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Bicameralism

A bicameral legislature divides the legislators into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Birmingham Barons

The Birmingham Barons are a Minor League Baseball team based in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Birmingham Bowl

The Birmingham Bowl is a post-season NCAA-sanctioned Division I-A college football bowl game approved in April 2006 and plays annually at the 71,594-seat Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Birmingham City Schools

Birmingham City Schools is a public school district that serves the US city of Birmingham, Alabama.

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Birmingham Hammers

The Birmingham Hammers are an American soccer club based in Birmingham, Alabama, but playing in Vestavia Hills, Alabama.

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Birmingham metropolitan area, Alabama

The Birmingham metropolitan area, sometimes known as Greater Birmingham, is a metropolitan area in north central Alabama centered on Birmingham, Alabama.

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Birmingham School of Law

The Birmingham School of Law is a state-accredited law school located in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Birmingham station (Alabama)

Birmingham is a train station in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Birmingham, Alabama

Birmingham is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama and the seat of Jefferson County.

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Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport

Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport, formerly Birmingham Municipal Airport and later Birmingham International Airport, is a joint civil-military airport serving the city of Birmingham, Alabama and its metropolitan area, including Tuscaloosa, in the United States.

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Black Belt (region of Alabama)

The Black Belt is a region of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Black church

The term black church or African-American church refers to Protestant churches that currently or historically have ministered to predominantly black congregations in the United States.

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Black Warrior River

The Black Warrior River is a waterway in west-central Alabama in the southeastern United States.

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Blackberry

The blackberry is an edible fruit produced by many species in the genus Rubus in the family Rosaceae, hybrids among these species within the subgenus Rubus, and hybrids between the subgenera Rubus and Idaeobatus.

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Blaine Amendment

The term Blaine Amendment refers to either a failed amendment to the U.S. Constitution or actual constitutional provisions in 38 of the 50 state constitutions in the United States that forbid direct government aid to educational institutions that have a religious affiliation.

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Bob Riley

Robert Renfroe Riley (born October 3, 1944) is an American politician and a member of the Republican Party who served as the 52nd Governor of Alabama from 2003 to 2011.

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Boeing

The Boeing Company is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide.

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Boll weevil

The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) is a beetle which feeds on cotton buds and flowers.

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Bradley Byrne

Bradley Roberts Byrne (born February 16, 1955) is an American business attorney and Republican congressman for Alabama's 1st congressional district.

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Brasfield & Gorrie

Brasfield & Gorrie, LLC is one of the United States’s largest privately held construction firms, providing general contracting, design-build, and construction management services for a wide variety of markets.

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Bridgeport, Alabama

Bridgeport is a city in Jackson County, Alabama, United States.

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Brown v. Board of Education

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Bureau of Economic Analysis

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the United States Department of Commerce is a U.S. government agency that provides official macroeconomic and industry statistics, most notably reports about the gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States and its various units—states, cities/towns/townships/villages/counties and metropolitan areas.

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Cahaba, Alabama

Cahaba, also spelled Cahawba, was the first permanent state capital of Alabama from 1820 to 1825, and the county seat of Dallas County, Alabama until 1866.

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Cahokia

The Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (11 MS 2) is the site of a pre-Columbian Native American city (circa 1050–1350 CE) directly across the Mississippi River from modern St. Louis, Missouri.

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Calhoun County, Alabama

Calhoun County is a county in the east central part of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Calvert, Alabama

Calvert is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Mobile and Washington counties, Alabama, United States.

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Camellia

Camellia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae.

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Canebrake (region of Alabama)

The Canebrake refers to a historical region of west-central Alabama that was once dominated by thickets of Arundinaria, a type of bamboo, or cane, native to North America.

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Capital punishment in Alabama

Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Capshaw, Alabama

Capshaw, also known as Lux, is an unincorporated community in eastern Limestone County, Alabama, United States.

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Carbon steel

Carbon steel is a steel with carbon content up to 2.1% by weight.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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CBS

CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation.

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Center of population

In demographics, the center of population (or population center) of a region is a geographical point that describes a centerpoint of the region's population.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.

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Centerville, Alabama

Centerville is an unincorporated community in Conecuh County, Alabama, United States, located near the communities of Battleground, Westpoint, and Longview.

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Central Time Zone

The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

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Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area

The Chattanooga–Cleveland–Dalton, TN–GA–AL Combined Statistical Area covers a total of thirteen counties – seven in southeast Tennessee, five in northwest Georgia, and one in northeast Alabama.

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Cheaha Mountain

Cheaha Mountain, often called Mount Cheaha, is the highest natural point in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Cherokee

The Cherokee (translit or translit) are one of the indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama

The Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama (CTNEAL) is a state-recognized Native American tribe of about 3,000 members.

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Chickasaw

The Chickasaw are an indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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Chief Justice

The Chief Justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in any of many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Bangladesh, the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the High Court of Australia, the Supreme Court of the United States, and provincial or state supreme courts.

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Chilton County, Alabama

Chilton County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Choctaw

The Choctaw (in the Choctaw language, Chahta)Common misspellings and variations in other languages include Chacta, Tchakta and Chocktaw.

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Choctaw language

The Choctaw language, traditionally spoken by the Native American Choctaw people of the southeastern United States, is a member of the Muskogean family.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Churches of Christ

Churches of Christ are autonomous Christian congregations associated with one another through distinct beliefs and practices.

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Cinram

Cinram International is a Toronto, Canada-based manufacturer of pre-recorded Blu-ray Discs, DVDs, CD-Audio, CD-ROMs, VHS tapes and audio cassettes.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Civil rights movement

The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.

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Clarke County, Alabama

Clarke County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Clothing

Clothing (also known as clothes and attire) is a collective term for garments, items worn on the body.

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Coat of arms of Alabama

The coat of arms of Alabama depicts a shield upon which is carried the symbols of the five nations which have at various times held sovereignty over a part or the whole of what is now Alabama.

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Colonial Bancgroup

Colonial BancGroup Inc. was a bank holding company headquartered in Montgomery, Alabama, United States that failed in 2009.

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Columbiana, Alabama

Columbiana is a city in Shelby County, Alabama, United States.

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Columbus, Georgia

Columbus is a consolidated city-county in the west central U.S. state of Georgia.

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Columbus–Auburn–Opelika, GA–AL CSA

The Columbus–Auburn–Opelika, GA–AL Combined Statistical Area is a trading and marketing area made up of four counties in Georgia and three in Alabama.

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Comma-separated values

In computing, a comma-separated values (CSV) file is a delimited text file that uses a comma to separate values.

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Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional

Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) is the second major steel-maker company in Brazil.

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Conecuh County, Alabama

Conecuh County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Conecuh National Forest

The Conecuh National Forest in southern Alabama covers, along the Alabama - Florida line in Covington and Escambia counties.

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Conecuh Ridge Whiskey

Conecuh Ridge Whiskey is a type of whiskey produced and officially marketed as "Clyde May's Alabama Style Whiskey" by Conecuh Ridge Distillery Inc.

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Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

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Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim (Mobile, Alabama)

Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim is the oldest Jewish congregation in the state of Alabama and one of the oldest Reform Jewish congregations in the United States.

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Conservative Judaism

Conservative Judaism (known as Masorti Judaism outside North America) is a major Jewish denomination, which views Jewish Law, or Halakha, as both binding and subject to historical development.

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Constitution of Alabama

The Constitution of the State of Alabama is the basic governing document of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Container port

A container port or container terminal is a facility where cargo containers are transshipped between different transport vehicles, for onward transportation.

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Coordinated Universal Time

No description.

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Coosa River

The Coosa River is a tributary of the Alabama River in the U.S. states of Alabama and Georgia.

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Corn production in the United States

The production of corn (Zea mays mays, also known as "maize") plays a major role in the economy of the United States.

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Cotton

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

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Cotton production in the United States

Cotton production is an important economic factor in the United States as the country leads, worldwide, in cotton exportation.

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Council on Occupational Education

The Council on Occupational Education (COE) is a national accrediting agency of higher education institutions recognized by the U.S. Department of Education.

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County (United States)

In the United States, an administrative or political subdivision of a state is a county, which is a region having specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority.

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Coushatta

---- The Coushatta (Koasati) are a Muskogean-speaking Native American people now living primarily in the U.S. states of Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas.

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Crayfish

Crayfish, also known as crawfish, crawdads, crawldads, freshwater lobsters, mountain lobsters, mudbugs or yabbies, are freshwater crustaceans resembling small lobsters, to which they are related; taxonomically, they are members of the superfamilies Astacoidea and Parastacoidea.

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Crescent (train)

The Crescent is a passenger train operated by Amtrak in the eastern United States.

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Cumberland Presbyterian Church

The Cumberland Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian Christian denomination spawned by the Second Great Awakening.

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Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America

The Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America is a Historically African-American denomination which developed from the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in 1874.

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Cumberland School of Law

Cumberland School of Law is an ABA accredited law school at Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.

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Dallas County, Alabama

Dallas County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Daphne, Alabama

Daphne is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, on the eastern shoreline of Mobile Bay.

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Decatur metropolitan area, Alabama

The Decatur, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area is a moderately urban region of North-Central Alabama.

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Decatur, Alabama

Decatur is a city in Morgan and Limestone counties in the State of Alabama.

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Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (nicknamed the GOP for Grand Old Party).

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Demopolis, Alabama

Demopolis is the largest city in Marengo County, Alabama, United States.

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Desegregation

Desegregation is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races.

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Dharma centre

A Dharma centre is a non-monastic Buddhist centre in a community.

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Diabetes mellitus type 2

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.

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Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era

Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era in the United States of America was based on a series of laws, new constitutions, and practices in the South that were deliberately used to prevent black citizens from registering to vote and voting.

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Dixie

Dixie (otherwise known as Dixieland) is a nickname for the Southern United States, especially those states that composed the Confederate States of America.

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Dixie Alley

Dixie Alley is a nickname sometimes given to areas of the southern United States that are particularly vulnerable to strong or violent tornadoes.

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Dollar General Bowl

The Dollar General Bowl is a postseason NCAA-sanctioned Division I FBS college football bowl game that has been played annually at Ladd Peebles Stadium in Mobile, Alabama, since 1999.

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Dothan metropolitan area, Alabama

The Dothan Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of Geneva, Henry, and Houston counties in southeastern Alabama, anchored by the city of Dothan, county seat of Houston County.

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Dothan Regional Airport

Dothan Regional Airport is a public airport in Dale County, Alabama, United States.

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Dothan, Alabama

Dothan is a city in Dale, Henry, and Houston counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Dothan–Enterprise–Ozark Combined Statistical Area

The Dothan–Enterprise–Ozark Combined Statistical Area is a CSA made up of five counties in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Doug Jones (politician)

Gordon Douglas Jones (born May 4, 1954) is an American attorney and politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Alabama since January 3, 2018.

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Dozier, Alabama

Dozier is a town in Crenshaw County, Alabama, United States.

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Dry county

A dry county is a county in the United States whose government forbids the sale of any kind of alcoholic beverages.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.

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Eastern Time Zone

The Eastern Time Zone (ET) is a time zone encompassing 17 U.S. states in the eastern part of the contiguous United States, parts of eastern Canada, the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico, Panama in Central America, and the Caribbean Islands.

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Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama

The Echota Cherokee "Tribe" of Alabama is a state-recognized Native American heritage group based in northern Alabama.

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Edgewater Presbyterian Church

Edgewater Presbyterian Church is a Christian church and member of the Presbyterian Church USA.

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Elections in Alabama

Elections in Alabama are authorized under the Alabama State Constitution, which establishes elections for the state level officers, cabinet, and legislature, and the election of county-level officers, including members of school boards.

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Electronics

Electronics is the discipline dealing with the development and application of devices and systems involving the flow of electrons in a vacuum, in gaseous media, and in semiconductors.

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Elmore County, Alabama

Elmore County is a county of the State of Alabama.

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English Americans

English Americans, also referred to as Anglo-Americans, are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England, a country that is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

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Enhanced Fujita scale

The Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) rates the intensity of tornadoes in the United States and Canada based on the damage they cause.

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Ernest C. Hornsby

Ernest C. Hornsby also known as Sonny Hornsby (born October 8, 1936) was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama from 1989 to 1995.

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Etowah County, Alabama

Etowah County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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European colonization of the Americas

The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by most of the naval powers of Europe.

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Evangelicalism

Evangelicalism, evangelical Christianity, or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, crossdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity which maintains the belief that the essence of the Gospel consists of the doctrine of salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ's atonement.

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Executive (government)

The executive is the organ exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state.

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Exeter, Maine

Exeter is a town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.

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Fabrice Brégier

Fabrice Brégier (born 16 July 1961) is a French business executive.

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Fairhope, Alabama

Fairhope is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States, on a sloping plateau, along the cliffs and shoreline of Mobile Bay.

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Fauna

Fauna is all of the animal life of any particular region or time.

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Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax

The Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) is a United States federal payroll (or employment) contribution directed towards both employees and employers to fund Social Security and Medicare—federal programs that provide benefits for retirees, disabled people, and children of deceased workers.

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Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude".

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Five Civilized Tribes

The term "Five Civilized Tribes" derives from the colonial and early federal period in the history of the United States.

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Flag of Alabama

The current flag of the state of Alabama (the second in Alabama state history) was adopted by Act 383 of the Alabama state legislature on February 16, 1895: The cross of St.

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Flora

Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life.

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Florence, Alabama

Florence is a city in, and the county seat of, Lauderdale County, Alabama, United States, in the state's northwest corner.

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Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area

The Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area, commonly known as The Shoals, is a metropolitan statistical area in northwestern Alabama including the cities of Florence, Muscle Shoals, Tuscumbia, and Sheffield, and the counties of Lauderdale and Colbert.

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Florida

Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.

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Fort Payne, Alabama

Fort Payne is a city in and county seat of DeKalb County, Alabama, United States.

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Fox Broadcasting Company

The Fox Broadcasting Company (often shortened to Fox and stylized as FOX) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of Fox Entertainment Group, a subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.

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Free people of color

In the context of the history of slavery in the Americas, free people of color (French: gens de couleur libres, Spanish: gente libre de color) were people of mixed African and European descent who were not enslaved.

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Freedman

A freedman or freedwoman is a former slave who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means.

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Freedom Riders

Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional.

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Freshwater fish

Freshwater fish are those that spend some or all of their lives in fresh water, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%.

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Gadsden, Alabama

Gadsden is a city in and the county seat of Etowah County in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Gary Palmer (politician)

Gary James Palmer (born May 14, 1954) is an American politician from the state of Alabama.

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George Wallace

George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998) was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.

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German Americans

German Americans (Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.

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Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries.

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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is an American multinational tire manufacturing company founded in 1898 by Frank Seiberling and based in Akron, Ohio.

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Gospel

Gospel is the Old English translation of Greek εὐαγγέλιον, evangelion, meaning "good news".

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Great Awakening

The Great Awakening refers to a number of periods of religious revival in American Christian history.

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Great Migration (African American)

The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970.

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Gross regional domestic product

Gross regional domestic product (GRDP) or gross domestic product of region (GDPR) is a subnational gross domestic product for measuring the size of that region's economy.

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Gulf Coastal Plain

The Gulf Coastal Plain extends around the Gulf of Mexico in the Southern United States and eastern Mexico.

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Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.

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Gulf Shores, Alabama

Gulf Shores is a resort city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States.

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Guntersville Lake

Guntersville Lake (generally referred to locally as Lake Guntersville) is located in north Alabama between Bridgeport and Guntersville.

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Guntersville, Alabama

Guntersville (previously known as Gunter's Ferry and later Gunter's Landing) is a city in Marshall County, Alabama, United States.

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Hail

Hail is a form of solid precipitation.

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Haleyville, Alabama

Haleyville is a city in Winston and Marion counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Hank Aaron Stadium

Hank Aaron Stadium is a baseball park in Mobile, Alabama.

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Harbert Management Corporation

Harbert Management Corporation, based in Birmingham, Alabama, is a U.S. investment management company founded in 1993 by Raymond J. Harbert.

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Hematite

Hematite, also spelled as haematite, is the mineral form of iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides.

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Hernando de Soto

Hernando de Soto (1495 – May 21, 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first Spanish and European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States (through Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and most likely Arkansas).

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

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Hispanic and Latino Americans

Hispanic Americans and Latino Americans (Estadounidenses hispanos) are people in the United States who are descendants of people from countries of Latin America and Spain.

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History of slavery in Alabama

During the colonial era, the Indian slavery in Alabama soon became surpassed by industrial-scale plantation slavery.

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Hoar Construction

Hoar Construction is a privately held heavy construction company specializing in commercial and industrial buildings, health care, and retail construction.

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Home rule

Home rule is government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens.

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Homewood, Alabama

Homewood is a city in southeastern Jefferson County, Alabama, United States.

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Honda Manufacturing of Alabama

Honda Manufacturing of Alabama (HMA) is an automobile factory located in Lincoln, Alabama.

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Honda Ridgeline

The Honda Ridgeline is a sport utility truck (SUT) by American Honda Motor Company, Inc., Honda Canada Finance Inc., dated 22 March 2005, last accessed 18 January 2018 and is categorized by some as a lifestyle pickup.

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Hoover, Alabama

Hoover is a city in Jefferson and Shelby counties in north central Alabama, United States.

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Hopkinsville, Kentucky

Hopkinsville is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of Christian County, Kentucky, United States.

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Horseshoe Bend National Military Park

Horseshoe Bend National Military Park is a U.S. national military park managed by the National Park Service that is the site of the last battle of the Creek War on March 27, 1814.

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Houston County, Alabama

Houston County is a county located in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Humanistic Judaism

Humanistic Judaism (Yahdut Humanistit) is a Jewish movement that offers a nontheistic alternative in contemporary Jewish life.

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Humid subtropical climate

A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild to cool winters.

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Hunt Refining Company

Hunt Refining Co. was founded by oilman H.L. Hunt as an asphalt refining company in 1946.

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Huntsville City Schools

Huntsville City Schools is the school district serving Huntsville, Alabama.

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Huntsville Havoc

The Huntsville Havoc are a professional ice hockey team in the Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL).

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Huntsville Hospital System

The Huntsville Hospital Health System, also known as Huntsville Hospital, is a public, not-for-profit hospital organization consisting of several sites and buildings originating in the downtown area of Huntsville, Alabama.

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Huntsville International Airport

Huntsville International Airport (Carl T. Jones Field) is a public airport ten miles southwest of downtown Huntsville, in Madison County, Alabama, United States.

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Huntsville metropolitan area

The Huntsville metropolitan area is a metropolitan statistical area on the northern border of Alabama.

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Huntsville, Alabama

Huntsville is a city located primarily in Madison County in the Appalachian region of northern Alabama.

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Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area

The Huntsville–Decatur–Albertville, AL Combined Statistical Area is the most populated sub-region of North Alabama, and is the second fastest growing region in the State of Alabama, with 774,480 living within the CSA.

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Hydrangea quercifolia

Hydrangea quercifolia, commonly known by its translation oakleaf hydrangea or oak-leaved hydrangea, is a species of flowering plant native to the Southeastern United States, in woodland habitats from North Carolina west to Tennessee, and south to Florida and Louisiana.

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Hyundai Elantra

The Hyundai Elantra (현대 엘란트라), or Hyundai Avante (현대 아반떼) in South Korea, is a compact car produced by the South Korean manufacturer Hyundai since 1990.

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Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama

Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama (commonly called HMMA) is an automobile factory in Montgomery, Alabama.

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Ice hockey

Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Immigration to the United States

Immigration to the United States is the international movement of individuals who are not natives or do not possess citizenship in order to settle, reside, study, or work in the country.

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Inca Garcilaso de la Vega

Garcilaso de la Vega (12 April 1539 – 23 April 1616), born Gómez Suárez de Figueroa and known as El Inca or Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, was a chronicler and writer born in the Spanish Empire's Viceroyalty of Peru.

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Income tax in the United States

Income taxes in the United States are imposed by the federal, most state, and many local governments.

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Independent Women's Football League

The Independent Women's Football League (IWFL) is a full-contact Women's American football league that was founded in 2000 and began play in 2001.

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Index of Alabama-related articles

The following is an alphabetical list of articles related to the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Indian people

No description.

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Indian removal

Indian removal was a forced migration in the 19th century whereby Native Americans were forced by the United States government to leave their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River, specifically to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, modern Oklahoma).

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Indian Removal Act

The Indian Removal Act was signed by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830.

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Indigenous (ecology)

In biogeography, a species is defined as indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural process, with no human intervention.

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Indigenous languages of the Americas

Indigenous languages of the Americas are spoken by indigenous peoples from Alaska and Greenland to the southern tip of South America, encompassing the land masses that constitute the Americas.

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Indigenous peoples

Indigenous peoples, also known as first peoples, aboriginal peoples or native peoples, are ethnic groups who are the pre-colonial original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently.

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Indochina refugee crisis

The Indochina refugee crisis was the large outflow of people from the former French colonies of Indochina, comprising the countries of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, after communist governments were established in 1975.

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IndyCar Series

The IndyCar Series, currently known as the Verizon IndyCar Series for title sponsorship reasons, is the premier level of open-wheel racing in North America.

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Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture

The Institute for the Study of Secularism in Society and Culture (ISSSC) is located at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut.

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Insurgency

An insurgency is a rebellion against authority (for example, an authority recognized as such by the United Nations) when those taking part in the rebellion are not recognized as belligerents (lawful combatants).

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Intergraph

Intergraph Corporation is an American software development and services company.

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Interstate 10 in Alabama

Interstate 10 (I-10) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Santa Monica, California, to Jacksonville, Florida.

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Interstate 165 (Alabama)

Interstate 165 (I-165) is a spur from I-65 that provides access to Mobile, Alabama.

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Interstate 20 in Alabama

In Alabama, Interstate 20 (I-20) travels through the center of the state.

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Interstate 22

Interstate 22 (I-22) is an Interstate Highway that follows the U.S. Route 78 (US 78) corridor on a route from Byhalia, Mississippi south of Memphis, Tennessee, to Birmingham, Alabama.

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Interstate 359

Interstate 359 (I-359) is a part of the Interstate Highway System in the US state of Alabama.

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Interstate 422

Interstate 422, Corridor X-1, or the Birmingham Northern Beltline is a proposed northern bypass route around Birmingham, Alabama, through northern and western Jefferson county that is projected to be completed by 2047.

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Interstate 459

Interstate 459 (I-459) is a bypass highway of I-59 that is an alternate Interstate Highway around the southern sides of Birmingham, Bessemer, and several other cities and towns in Jefferson County, Alabama.

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Interstate 565

Interstate 565 (I-565) is a Interstate spur that connects I-65 in Decatur with U.S. Route 72 (US-72) in Huntsville, in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Interstate 59

Interstate 59 (I-59) is an Interstate Highway located in the southeastern United States.

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Interstate 65 in Alabama

Interstate 65 (I-65) meanders across of the Alabama countryside linking six of the state's ten largest cities.

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Interstate 685

Interstate 685 (I-685), is the designation for a future Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Interstate 759

Interstate 759 (I-759) is a part of the Interstate Highway System in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Interstate 85 in Alabama

Interstate 85 (I-85) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from Montgomery, Alabama, to Petersburg, Virginia.

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Irish Americans

Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánaigh) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics.

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Iroquoian languages

The Iroquoian languages are a language family of indigenous peoples of North America.

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Irreligion

Irreligion (adjective form: non-religious or irreligious) is the absence, indifference, rejection of, or hostility towards religion.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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James T. Rapier

James Thomas Rapier (November 13, 1837 – May 31, 1883) was an African-American politician from Alabama during the Reconstruction Era.

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Jefferson County Schools (Alabama)

The Jefferson County School System is the second-largest public school system in Alabama.

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Jefferson County, Alabama

Jefferson County is the most populous county in the state of Alabama in the United States.

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Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity.

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Jemison, Alabama

Jemison is a city in Chilton County, Alabama, United States.

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Jeremiah Haralson

Jeremiah Haralson (April 1, 1846 – 1916), was a politician from Alabama who was among the first ten African-American Congressmen elected in the United States.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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John Pope (military officer)

John Pope (March 16, 1822 – September 23, 1892) was a career United States Army officer and Union general in the American Civil War.

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Judaism

Judaism (originally from Hebrew, Yehudah, "Judah"; via Latin and Greek) is the religion of the Jewish people.

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Judiciary

The judiciary (also known as the judicial system or court system) is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state.

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JVC

,, usually referred to as JVC or The Japan Victor Company, is a Japanese international professional and consumer electronics corporation based in Yokohama.

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Kay Ivey

Kay Ellen Ivey (born October 15, 1944) is an American politician serving as the 54th and current Governor of Alabama since 2017.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Kentucky

Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States.

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Knights of the White Camelia

The Knights of the White Camelia was an American political terrorist organization that operated in the southern United States in the 19th century, similar to and associated with the Ku Klux Klan, supporting white supremacy and opposing freedmen's rights.

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Korean language

The Korean language (Chosŏn'gŭl/Hangul: 조선말/한국어; Hanja: 朝鮮말/韓國語) is an East Asian language spoken by about 80 million people.

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Ku Klux Klan

The Ku Klux Klan, commonly called the KKK or simply the Klan, refers to three distinct secret movements at different points in time in the history of the United States.

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Ladd–Peebles Stadium

Ladd–Peebles Stadium (formerly Ernest F. Ladd Memorial Stadium) is a stadium located in Mobile, Alabama.

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Languages of Africa

The languages of Africa are divided into six major language families.

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Largemouth bass

The largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is a freshwater gamefish in the Centrarchidae (sunfish) family, a species of black bass native to North America.

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Lauderdale County, Alabama

Lauderdale County is a county located in the northwestern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Lee County, Alabama

Lee County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Legislature

A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city.

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Life imprisonment

Life imprisonment (also known as imprisonment for life, life in prison, a life sentence, a life term, lifelong incarceration, life incarceration or simply life) is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted persons are to remain in prison either for the rest of their natural life or until paroled.

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Lightning

Lightning is a sudden electrostatic discharge that occurs typically during a thunderstorm.

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Limestone County, Alabama

Limestone County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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List of demonyms for U.S. states and territories

This is a list of official and notable unofficial terms used to designate the citizens of specific states and territories of the United States.

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List of Governors of Alabama

The Governor of Alabama is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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List of lieutenant governors of Alabama

The Lieutenant Governor of Alabama is the president and presiding officer of the Alabama Senate, and is elected to serve a four-year term.

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List of place names of Native American origin in Alabama

Many places throughout Alabama take their names from the languages of the indigenous Native American/American Indian tribes.

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List of plantations in Alabama

This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Alabama that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design.

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List of states and territories of the United States

The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, a federal district (Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States), five major territories, and various minor islands.

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List of U.S. state and territory flowers

This is a list of U.S. state and territory flowers.

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List of U.S. state and territory nicknames

The following is a table of U.S. state and territory nicknames, including officially adopted nicknames, and other traditional nicknames for individual states and territories of the United States (and the District of Columbia).

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List of U.S. state and territory trees

This is a list of U.S. state and territory trees, including official trees of the following states and U.S. territories (and the District of Columbia).

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List of U.S. state birds

Below is a list of U.S. state birds as designated by each state's legislature.

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List of U.S. states and territories by area

This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area.

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List of U.S. states and territories by population

As of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population.

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List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

A state of the United States is one of the 50 constituent entities that shares its sovereignty with the federal government.

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Literacy

Literacy is traditionally meant as the ability to read and write.

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Literacy test

A literacy test assesses a person's literacy skills: their ability to read and write.

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Little River Canyon National Preserve

Little River Canyon National Preserve is a United States National Preserve located on top of Lookout Mountain near Fort Payne, Alabama, and DeSoto State Park.

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Louisiana

Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Louisiana (New France)

Louisiana (La Louisiane; La Louisiane française) or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France.

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Louisville, Alabama

Louisville is a town in Barbour County, Alabama, United States.

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Lowndes County, Alabama

Lowndes County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Loyalist (American Revolution)

Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often called Tories, Royalists, or King's Men at the time.

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LPGA

The Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) is an American organization for female professional golfers.

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Lumber

Lumber (American English; used only in North America) or timber (used in the rest of the English speaking world) is a type of wood that has been processed into beams and planks, a stage in the process of wood production.

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Lyn Stuart

Lyn Stuart (born c. 1955) is an American jurist.

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Lynching

Lynching is a premeditated extrajudicial killing by a group.

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Mabila

The town of Mabila (or Mavila, Mavilla, Mauvilla) was a small fortress town known to Chief Tuskaloosa in 1540, in a region of present-day central Alabama.

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Madison County, Alabama

Madison County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Madison, Alabama

Madison is a city located primarily in Madison County, near the northern border of the State of Alabama.

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Maine

Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Mainline Protestant

The mainline Protestant churches (also called mainstream Protestant and sometimes oldline Protestant) are a group of Protestant denominations in the United States that contrast in history and practice with evangelical, fundamentalist, and charismatic Protestant denominations.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Marble

Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.

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Marengo County, Alabama

Marengo County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Marshall County, Alabama

Marshall County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Marshall Space Flight Center

The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), located in Huntsville, Alabama, is the U.S. government's civilian rocketry and spacecraft propulsion research center.

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Martha Roby

Martha Roby (née Dubina; born July 26, 1976) is the U.S. Representative for.

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Maxwell Air Force Base

Maxwell Air Force Base, officially known as Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base, is a United States Air Force (USAF) installation under the Air Education and Training Command (AETC).

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Memphis, Tennessee

Memphis is a city located along the Mississippi River in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee.

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Mercedes-Benz GL-Class

The Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class is a full-size luxury SUV produced by the German carmaker Mercedes-Benz since 2006.

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Mercedes-Benz U.S. International

Mercedes-Benz U.S. International (MBUSI) is a Mercedes-Benz automobile manufacturing plant near Vance, Alabama.

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Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Metal fabrication

Metal fabrication is the building of metal structures by cutting, bending, and assembling processes.

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Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2").

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Mike Rogers (Alabama politician)

Michael Dennis Rogers (born July 16, 1958), is the U.S. Representative for, serving since 2003.

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Miles Law School

Miles Law School is a law school located in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Milton Frank Stadium

Milton Frank Stadium is a 12,000-seat multi-purpose stadium in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Minor League Baseball

Minor League Baseball is a hierarchy of professional baseball leagues in the Americas that compete at levels below Major League Baseball (MLB) and provide opportunities for player development and a way to prepare for the major leagues.

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Mississippi

Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.

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Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.

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Mississippi Territory

The Territory of Mississippi was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from April 7, 1798, until December 10, 1817, when the western half of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Mississippi and the eastern half became the Alabama Territory until its admittance to the Union as the State of Alabama on December 14, 1819.

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Mississippian culture

The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American civilization archeologists date from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, varying regionally.

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Mobile Aeroplex at Brookley

The Mobile Aeroplex at Brookley is an industrial complex and airport in Mobile, Alabama which lies adjacent to the western shore of Mobile Bay.

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Mobile Bay

Mobile Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, lying within the state of Alabama in the United States.

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Mobile BayBears

The Mobile BayBears are a Minor League Baseball team based in Mobile, Alabama, United States.

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Mobile County Public School System

Mobile County Public School System (MCPSS) is a school district based in unincorporated Mobile County, Alabama, United States.

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Mobile County, Alabama

Mobile County is the second most-populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Mobile metropolitan area

Metropolitan Mobile has a population of 412,992 within Mobile County Alabama in the southwestern tip of Alabama.

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Mobile Regional Airport

Mobile Regional Airport is a combined public/military airport 13 miles west of the city of Mobile, in Mobile County, Alabama.

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Mobile, Alabama

Mobile is the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States.

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Mollusca

Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.

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Monarch butterfly

The monarch butterfly or simply monarch (Danaus plexippus) is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae.

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Montgomery Advertiser

The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily newspaper and news website located in Montgomery, Alabama.

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Montgomery Biscuits

The Montgomery Biscuits are a Minor League Baseball team based in Montgomery, Alabama.

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Montgomery bus boycott

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.

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Montgomery County, Alabama

Montgomery County is a county in the State of Alabama.

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Montgomery metropolitan area

The Montgomery, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area (commonly known as the Tri-Counties or the River Region) is a metropolitan statistical area in central Alabama.

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Montgomery Public Schools

Montgomery Public Schools is a school district headquartered in Montgomery, Alabama, United States.

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Montgomery Regional Airport

Montgomery Regional Airport (Dannelly Field) is a civil-military airport seven miles southwest of Montgomery, the capital of Alabama.

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Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium

Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium is the home of the Montgomery Biscuits of the Southern League.

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Montgomery, Alabama

Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County.

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Morgan County, Alabama

Morgan County is a county in the north central part of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Mormons

Mormons are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism, the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement of Restorationist Christianity, initiated by Joseph Smith in upstate New York during the 1820s.

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Moundville Archaeological Site

Moundville Archaeological Site, also known as the Moundville Archaeological Park, is a Mississippian culture site on the Black Warrior River in Hale County, near the city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

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Moundville, Alabama

Moundville is a town in Hale and Tuscaloosa counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians

This area of frontier Alabama had been inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous cultures. The Mississippian culture is believed to have been ancestral to the historical tribes of the Muskogean-speaking Choctaw and later the Creek, when the entire State of Alabama was dominated by the Choctaw Indians in historic times. The Mobile and Washington County Choctaw Indians are direct descendants of the tribes shown on the Plan Figure Des Villages Chikachas (Chickasaw) Attaque Par Les Francois Le Vingt Six May in 1736 (Map of the Villages of the Chickasaw attacked by the French on May 26, 1736). The first European settlers in Mobile and southern Alabama in the 18th century were Roman Catholic French and later Spanish. The area was governed by nationals of these two countries before the British took it over. English and Scots traders arrived before the American Revolutionary War and were followed by settlers arriving in the early 19th century. During the American Revolution, the Galvez conquered Mobile in 1780 and Pensacola in 1781 took control of Mobile/Pensacola from the capital of Louisiana at Orleans only a few miles down river from the present day site of the Alabama Power Plant and the DuPont Power Plant are located on State of Alabama Highway 43 today. Galvez was surrendered the city of Mobile and welcomed by various prominent citizens and Zenon Orso was amongst them. Zenon Orso is a progenitor of many of today's Choctaw Indians of the MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians. Although Zeno(n) Orso is recorded to be from New Orleans it is often forgotten that the capital of the Louisiana Territory under the French was at present-day Axis or Bucks Alabama where the Alabama Power Plant is located today. This is even more notable that this same property was deeded from the Juzan(called Juhan) in the deed to the DuPont family who own a nearby Chemical Plant within a mile of the Alabama Power Plant. The Natchez Indians referred to the area as the Juzlin's (Juzan) Nigra or Walnut Hills. In fact, many of the MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians are prominent families like that of John Andry(Andre/Andrews) who still has a road in the area, the Lofton's (called Lofton/Loftin/Loftus's Heights in Mississippi along that river), however, ancient land deeds of Mobile will reveal that Lofton's Road is almost directly across from the Alabama Power Plant and about 4 miles up the road and across the Mobile River one will find an Island which also once belonged to the Lofton/Loftis families, the Krepes, and the Mims (as in the Fort Mims Massacre of August 30, 1813), etc. The frauds committed against the Choctaw Indians of Mobile and Washington Counties of Alabama, the Mississippi Choctaw, and the Choctaw of Louisiana are both incredible and famous, but there is a reference for any who need to know more about this atrocity of how one larger tribe or at least two tribes would spare little expense to deprive the Choctaw Nation of the East from their own Native American Birthright. The Choctaw Commission of the Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana would eventually be recognized Federally in 1945 largely by the efforts of an Alabama Choctaw named Wesley Johnson who was the first Chief of the Choctaw Nation East of the Mississippi River since the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1830, however, the Mississippi Choctaw would quietly remove the Alabama and the Louisiana Choctaw from their own rolls in order to obtain a larger settlement of land and cash from the Indian Claims Commission. The same Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians who were denied by the Choctaw Nation of the West (Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma as of 1975) and fought by the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations of Oklahoma rather that be required to pay any claims due the Choctaw Nation of the East in accordance with the 1881 United States Court of Claims Decision and the United States Supreme Court decisions in Choctaw Nation vs. United States now sought to actively deny the other remnants of the Choctaw Nation of the East of the Mississippi River. The Choctaw Indians of Alabama (formerly Mississippi/Indian Territory) (Mobile and Washington Band of Choctaw Indians) is composed of Choctaw who refused removal to the "WEST" in 1830. By their treaty, they were guaranteed the right to retain both Choctaw and United States Citizenship and retain their Sovereignty as Choctaw Citizens but if they should ever remove to take a 640-acre reservation in Oklahoma, then they would never be allowed to take part of the financial incentive Annuity. These same Choctaws were provided for under Article XVIII of the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit, in which, the land of the Choctaws were not to be "SOLD" until the Choctaw shall "REMOVE" and that the money to be provided for the Choctaw to Remove shall be obtained from the lands of the Choctaw "SOLD", thereby creating a nullity, whereby the Choctaw did not have to remove until their lands were sold and at the same forcing the removal language of the Preamble of the Treaty to be itself not ratified by Congress. It was a clever stroke of the pen by the Choctaw Nation of Indians in 1830, which protected the Sovereignty of the Choctaw provided for under Article VI of the Treaty and the Citizenship of the Choctaw provided for under Article XIV, and then the Treaty Proviso, that in cases of well-founded doubt arising from the Treaty, that the Treaty should prejudice the Choctaw. The Choctaw Nation of Red People or Indians did not have to Remove and nor did they. However the other groups of Choctaw did remove, the first group of about 960 Choctaw self-removed between the years of 1831 and 1833, under the pretense of the requirement to remove. The next large groups removed in the 1850's. Those Choctaw called the Bay Indians under John Johnston chose to remain. The Choctaw group under William Fisher, who applied for removal in 1851 or 1852 removed and later "FISHER" was accused of fraud in 1854 when he returned the Choctaws to their home in Alabama. The Chiefs of the Choctaw Nation up to at least 1871 are noted to be buried in the "OLD INDIAN TERRITORY" and their wills are recorded in Mobile, Alabama; near where the various Treaties were previously entered upon by the United States and the Choctaw Nation, typically near the Tombigbee River and Mobile Rivers located in Mobile and Washington Counties as known today. The State of Alabama has under the Color of Law maintained a Legal Fiction whereby the Alabama Legislative Act of 1832 is superior to the United States Constitution, Treaties, Federal Acts, and Federal Court Decree all in favor of the Choctaw. It is under this Legal Fiction that the greatest secret of Alabama lies. The Treaty of (D)Oaks Stand in 1820 traded the lands East of the Tombigbee River in the OLD Choctaw lands called the "OLD FIELDS" for the State of Oklahoma and was later attempted to be corrected in the Treaty of 1825 when 5 million acres were taken from the Choctaw Nation from the lands ceded by the United States to the Choctaw Nation. The Choctaw Nation of Indians under the leadership of Chief Robert Cole Father of Chief Coleman Cole, Peter Cole (Ashi or Hoshi Homma), Charles, Cole, Charles Frazier, etc. did not cede their lands as suggested by the United States but instead required compensation for the 6000+ settlers who settled along the Arkansas boundary with Oklahoma aka the Red River. The Treaty of 1820 was a treaty which is commonly understood to have conveyed or ceded the lands West of the Mississippi from the United States then in possession of the Nation of Spain to the Choctaw Nation of Indians and in exchange for the Choctaw Lands East of the Tombigbee River (present day Clarke and Monroe Counties) this act was done in 1820, not 1830 as is commonly misunderstood to be the case. According to Peter Pitchlynn, only one Choctaw took advantage of the Treaty of 1820, Captain Fulsom (the son in law of the "One Weaver"). However, the Treaty of 1820 did render any and all previous Treaties null and void, in Article I of the said Treaty, reverting all Choctaw Land ownership back to the Choctaw Nation of Indians. The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek of 1830 guaranteed the Sovereignty of those who would remove to those lands in the West such as Oklahoma to the Choctaw Nation of Indians forever but did not convey title, covenant or any other term that was intended to diminish from the Right of Possession, Usage, and Occupancy of the Choctaw Nation of Indians under the leadership of Peter Cole (Hoshi or Ashi Homma aka Red Bird), John Johnston, and Tom Gibson (Elah Tubbee) who remained along the Tombigbee and Mobile Rivers Mobile, Washington, and Choctaw, Baldwin, Clarke, Sumter, and Monroe Counties of Alabama Alabama near their own sacred mound at Indian Graves Creek and Indian Springs at what is today known as Cedar Creek behind the old Jackson's Barracks which is called the Mount Vernon Arsenal or Barracks and was last known as the Searcy Hospital for the Insane. It was also once known for the Battle of the Horseshoe - which an aerial view will reveal the true nature of the heavily stockaded fort which was said to be encountered by Jackson during the Creek War of 1814–1815. The Horseshoe was surrounded by cannons which were used to attack the fortification which is situated on a higher elevation and was virtually impregnable. In 1835 the federal government built the Weaver Indian school at Mount Vernon, Alabama, with labor supplied by the Choctaw. The Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Cherokee sometimes but rarely intermarried with European Americans. John Johnston Jr. testified in 1842 to being threatened for his property rights before the Congress of the United States, he is a progenitor of some of the Choctaw Indians of Alabama (known as the MOWA - Choctaws Indians of Mobile and Washington County) today and a road named after him is one of the main roads in McIntosh as a legacy to his leadership of the Choctaw Indians of the East John Johnston Jr. was notable for being the Tribal Leader of the Choctaw group known as the "Bay Indians". The main group of Choctaw Indians in Washington County live on or immediately parallel to the John Johnston Road near the Reed Settlement which leads by way of Citronelle (Neshoba Church and Mt.

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Multiracial Americans

Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races".

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Muscle Shoals, Alabama

Muscle Shoals is the largest city in Colbert County, Alabama, United States.

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Muscogee

The Muscogee, also known as the Mvskoke, Creek and the Muscogee Creek Confederacy, are a related group of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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Muskogean languages

Muskogean (also Muskhogean, Muskogee) is an indigenous language family of the Southeastern United States.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

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NASCAR

National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is an American auto racing sanctioning and operating company that is best known for stock-car racing.

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Natchez Trace Parkway

The Natchez Trace Parkway (also known as the Natchez Trace or simply the Trace) is a National Parkway in the southeastern United States that commemorates the historic Old Natchez Trace and preserves sections of the original trail.

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Nathan Bedford Forrest

Nathan Bedford Forrest (July 13, 1821 – October 29, 1877), called Bedford Forrest in his lifetime, was a cotton farmer, slave owner, slave trader, Confederate Army general during the American Civil War, first leader of the Ku Klux Klan, and president of the Selma, Marion, & Memphis Railroad.

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National Climatic Data Center

The United States National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), previously known as the National Weather Records Center (NWRC), in Asheville, North Carolina was the world's largest active archive of weather data.

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National Park Service

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.

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National Premier Soccer League

The National Premier Soccer League (NPSL) is an American soccer league commonly recognized as being a fourth tier league although it has been given no official designation by US Soccer.

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National Register of Historic Places

The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance.

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.

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Native Hawaiians

Native Hawaiians (Hawaiian: kānaka ʻōiwi, kānaka maoli, and Hawaiʻi maoli) are the aboriginal Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands or their descendants.

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Natural arch

A natural arch, natural bridge, or (less commonly) rock arch is a natural rock formation where an arch has formed with an opening underneath.

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Natural Bridge, Alabama

Natural Bridge is a town at the southwest edge of Winston County, Alabama, United States, located near the intersection of U.S. Highway 278 and Alabama Highway 13.

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Navigability

A body of water, such as a river, canal or lake, is navigable if it is deep, wide and slow enough for a vessel to pass or walk.

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NBC

The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast.

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New Market, Alabama

New Market is a census-designated place (CDP) in Madison County, Alabama, United States, and is included in the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.

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New Year's Eve 1963 snowstorm

The New Year's Eve 1963 snowstorm was a significant winter storm occurring from December 31, 1963 to January 1, 1964 over most of the Southern United States.

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Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal

(), was formed in 2012 with the merger of Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal.

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No Child Left Behind Act

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001(NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students.

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Non-Hispanic whites

Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin (commonly referred to as Anglo-Americans)Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of Anglo in English: It is defined as a synonym for Anglo-American--Page 86 are European Americans who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity, as defined by the United States Census Bureau.

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Nondenominational Christianity

Nondenominational (or non-denominational) Christianity consists of churches which typically distance themselves from the confessionalism or creedalism of other Christian communities by calling themselves non-denominational.

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North Alabama

North Alabama is a region of the U.S. state of Alabama, generally considered to include 16 counties: Blount, Cherokee, Colbert, Cullman, DeKalb, Etowah, Franklin, Jackson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Morgan, and Winston, with a combined population of 1,000,985, or 20.94% of the state's population as of 2010 Census.

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North American Vertical Datum of 1988

The North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) is the vertical control datum of orthometric height established for vertical control surveying in the United States of America based upon the General Adjustment of the North American Datum of 1988.

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Northern flicker

The northern flicker (Colaptes auratus) is a medium-sized bird of the woodpecker family.

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Northwest Alabama Regional Airport

Northwest Alabama Regional Airport is located east of Muscle Shoals, in Colbert County, Alabama, United States.

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Nucor

Nucor Corporation is a producer of steel and related products headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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Ohio River

The Ohio River, which streams westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Old Mobile Site

The Old Mobile Site was the location of the French settlement La Mobile and the associated Fort Louis de La Louisiane, in the French colony of New France in North America, from 1702 until 1712.

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One man, one vote

One man, one vote (or one person, one vote) is a slogan used by advocates of political equality through various electoral reforms such as universal suffrage, proportional representation, or the elimination of plurality voting, malapportionment, or gerrymandering.

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Opelika, Alabama

Opelika (pronounced) is a city in and the county seat of Lee County in the east central part of the State of Alabama.

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Optical disc

In computing and optical disc recording technologies, an optical disc (OD) is a flat, usually circular disc which encodes binary data (bits) in the form of pits (binary value of 0 or off, due to lack of reflection when read) and lands (binary value of 1 or on, due to a reflection when read) on a special material (often aluminium) on one of its flat surfaces.

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Orange Beach, Alabama

Orange Beach is a city in Baldwin County, Alabama, United States.

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Orthodox Judaism

Orthodox Judaism is a collective term for the traditionalist branches of Judaism, which seek to maximally maintain the received Jewish beliefs and observances and which coalesced in opposition to the various challenges of modernity and secularization.

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Outline of Alabama

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Alabama: Alabama – 22nd U.S. state to be admitted to the Union, which is located in the South.

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Outokumpu

Outokumpu Oyj is a group of companies headquartered in Helsinki, Finland, producing stainless steel, employing 10,785 employees in more than 30 countries.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.

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Ozark, Alabama

Ozark is a city in and the county seat of Dale County, Alabama, United States.

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Pacific Islander

Pacific Islanders or Pasifikas are the peoples of the Pacific Islands.

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Paddle (spanking)

A spanking paddle is an implement used to strike a person on the buttocks.

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Papilio glaucus

Papilio glaucus, the eastern tiger swallowtail, is a species of swallowtail butterfly native to eastern North America.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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Peach

The peach (Prunus persica) is a deciduous tree native to the region of Northwest China between the Tarim Basin and the north slopes of the Kunlun Mountains, where it was first domesticated and cultivated.

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Pecan

The pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is a species of hickory native to Mexico and the Southern United States.

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Pelham, Alabama

Pelham is a city in Shelby County, Alabama, United States.

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Pell City, Alabama

Pell City is a city in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States.

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Pensacola, Florida

Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, approximately from the border with Alabama, and the county seat of Escambia County, in the U.S. state of Florida.

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Perry County, Alabama

Perry County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Perry O. Hooper Sr.

Perry Oliver Hooper Sr. (April 8, 1925 – April 24, 2016) was an American jurist who served as the twenty-seventh Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court from 1995 to 2001.

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PGA Championship

The PGA Championship (often referred to as the U.S. PGA Championship or U.S. PGA outside the United States) is an annual golf tournament conducted by the Professional Golfers' Association of America.

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PGA Tour

The PGA Tour (stylized in all capital letters as PGA TOUR by its officials) is the organizer of the main professional golf tours played primarily by men in the United States and North America.

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PGA Tour Champions

PGA Tour Champions (formerly the Senior PGA Tour and the Champions Tour) is a men's professional senior golf tour, administered as a branch of the PGA Tour.

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Phenix City, Alabama

Phenix City is a city in Lee and Russell counties in the State of Alabama, and the county seat of Russell County.

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.

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Pickwick Lake

Pickwick Lake is the reservoir created by Pickwick Landing Dam as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority.

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Piedmont (United States)

The Piedmont is a plateau region located in the eastern United States.

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Pinus palustris

Pinus palustris, commonly known as the longleaf pine, is a pine native to the Southeastern United States, found along the coastal plain from East Texas to southern Maryland, extending into northern and central Florida.

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Plantation complexes in the Southern United States

Plantation complexes in the Southern United States refers to the built environment (or complex) that was common on agricultural plantations in the American South from the 17th into the 20th century.

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Poarch Band of Creek Indians

The Poarch Band of Creek Indians is the only federally recognized tribe of Native Americans in Alabama.

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Poll taxes in the United States

A poll tax is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual.

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Port of Decatur

The Port of Decatur is a transshipment port on the Tennessee River, in the city of Decatur, Alabama, United States of America.

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Port of Mobile

The Port of Mobile is a deep-water port in Mobile, Alabama, United States.

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Prattville, Alabama

Prattville is a city in Autauga and Elmore counties in the State of Alabama.

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Presbyterian Church (USA)

The Presbyterian Church (USA), or PC (USA), is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination in the United States.

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Presbyterian Church in America

The Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) is the second largest Presbyterian church body (second to Presbyterian Church (USA)) and the largest conservative Reformed denomination in the United States.

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Presbyterianism

Presbyterianism is a part of the reformed tradition within Protestantism which traces its origins to Britain, particularly Scotland, and Ireland.

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Press-Register

The Press-Register (known from 1997 to 2006 as the Mobile Register) is a thrice-weekly newspaper serving the southwest Alabama counties of Mobile and Baldwin.

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Primary election

A primary election is the process by which the general public can indicate their preference for a candidate in an upcoming general election or by-election, thus narrowing the field of candidates.

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Property tax

A property tax or millage rate is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property, usually levied on real estate.

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Proportional representation

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems by which divisions into an electorate are reflected proportionately into the elected body.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Province of Georgia

The Province of Georgia (also Georgia Colony) was one of the Southern colonies in British America.

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Pteridophyte

A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that disperses spores (and lacks seeds).

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Quartz

Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO2.

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R.E. "Bob" Woodruff Lake

R.E. "Bob" Woodruff Lake is a lake on the Alabama River in central Alabama.

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Race and ethnicity in the United States Census

Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are of Hispanic or Latino origin (the only categories for ethnicity).

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Racial segregation

Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.

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Racking Horse

The Racking Horse is a horse breed derived from the Tennessee Walking Horse, recognized by the USDA in 1971.

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Reconstruction era

The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 (the Presidential Proclamation of December 8, 1863) to 1877.

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Red Hills salamander

The Red Hills salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti) is a fairly large, terrestrial salamander growing to about.

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Red Shirts (United States)

The Red Shirts or Redshirts of the Southern United States were white supremacist paramilitary groups that were active in the late 19th century in the last years and after the end of the Reconstruction era of the United States.

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Redeemers

In United States history, the Redeemers were a political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction Era that followed the Civil War.

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Redstone Arsenal

Redstone Arsenal (RSA) is a United States Army post and a census-designated place (CDP) adjacent to Huntsville in Madison County, Alabama, United States and is part of the Huntsville-Decatur Combined Statistical Area.

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Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism (also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism) is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of the faith, the superiority of its ethical aspects to the ceremonial ones, and a belief in a continuous revelation not centered on the theophany at Mount Sinai.

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Regions Field

Regions Field is the name of a minor league baseball park in the Southside community of Birmingham, Alabama, USA.

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Regions Financial Corporation

Regions Financial Corporation is a bank and financial services company headquartered in the Regions Center in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Republic of West Florida

The Republic of West Florida (República de Florida Occidental, République de Floride occidentale) was a short-lived republic in the western region of Spanish West Florida for several months during 1810.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

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Reynolds v. Sims

Reynolds v. Sims, was a United States Supreme Court case that ruled that unlike in the election of the United States Senate, in the election of any chamber of a state legislature the electoral districts must be roughly equal in population (thus negating the traditional function of a State Senate, which was to allow rural counties to counterbalance large towns and cities).

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Richard Shelby

Richard Craig Shelby (born May 6, 1934) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Alabama.

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Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians

The Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, also called the Ridge and Valley Province or the Valley and Ridge Appalachians, are a physiographic province of the larger Appalachian division and are also a belt within the Appalachian Mountains extending from southeastern New York through northwestern New Jersey, westward into Pennsylvania and southward into Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama.

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Robert Aderholt

Robert Brown Aderholt (born July 22, 1965) is the U.S. Representative for, serving since 1997.

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Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America.

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Rolex Sports Car Series

The Rolex Sports Car Series was the premier series run by the Grand American Road Racing Association.

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Rosenwald Fund

The Rosenwald Fund (also known as the Rosenwald Foundation, the Julius Rosenwald Fund, and the Julius Rosenwald Foundation) was established in 1917 by Julius Rosenwald and his family for "the well-being of mankind." Rosenwald became part-owner of Sears, Roebuck and Company in 1895, serving as its president from 1908 to 1922, and chairman of its Board of Directors until his death in 1932.

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Rosenwald School

In informal usage, a Rosenwald School was any of the over five thousand schools, shops, and teachers' homes in the United States which were built primarily for the education of African-American children in the South in the early 20th century.

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Russell Cave National Monument

The Russell Cave National Monument is a U.S. National Monument in northeastern Alabama, United States, close to the town of Bridgeport.

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Russell County, Alabama

Russell County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Samford University

Samford University is a private, coeducational, Christian university located in Homewood, Alabama, a suburb of Birmingham.

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Scaphella junonia

Scaphella junonia, common names the junonia, or Juno's volute, is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Volutidae, the volutes.

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School corporal punishment

School corporal punishment refers to causing deliberate pain or discomfort in response to undesired behaviour by students in schools.

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Scotch-Irish Americans

Scotch-Irish (or Scots-Irish) Americans are American descendants of Presbyterian and other Ulster Protestant Dissenters from various parts of Ireland, but usually from the province of Ulster, who migrated during the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Seal of Alabama

The Great Seal of the State of Alabama is the state seal of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Seating capacity

Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law.

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Secession in the United States

In the context of the United States, secession primarily refers to the withdrawal of one or more States from the Union that constitutes the United States; but may loosely refer to leaving a State or territory to form a separate territory or new State, or to the severing of an area from a city or county within a State.

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Secretary of State of Alabama

The Secretary of State of Alabama is one of the constitutional officers of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Selma to Montgomery marches

The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches, held in 1965, along the 54-mile (87 km) highway from Selma, Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery.

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Selma, Alabama

Selma is a city in and the county seat of Dallas County, in the Black Belt region of south central Alabama and extending to the west.

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Senior Bowl

The Senior Bowl is a post-season college football all-star game played each January in Mobile, Alabama, which showcases the best NFL Draft prospects of those players who have completed their college eligibility.

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Sephardi Jews

Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (סְפָרַדִּים, Modern Hebrew: Sefaraddim, Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm; also Ye'hude Sepharad, lit. "The Jews of Spain"), originally from Sepharad, Spain or the Iberian peninsula, are a Jewish ethnic division.

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Settler

A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established a permanent residence there, often to colonize the area.

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Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.

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Shawnee

The Shawnee (Shaawanwaki, Ša˙wano˙ki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki) are an Algonquian-speaking ethnic group indigenous to North America. In colonial times they were a semi-migratory Native American nation, primarily inhabiting areas of the Ohio Valley, extending from what became Ohio and Kentucky eastward to West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland; south to Alabama and South Carolina; and westward to Indiana, and Illinois. Pushed west by European-American pressure, the Shawnee migrated to Missouri and Kansas, with some removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. Other Shawnee did not remove to Oklahoma until after the Civil War. Made up of different historical and kinship groups, today there are three federally recognized Shawnee tribes, all headquartered in Oklahoma: the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, and Shawnee Tribe.

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Shelby County, Alabama

Shelby County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Shoal Creek Club

Shoal Creek G&CC |lat.

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Sikhism

Sikhism (ਸਿੱਖੀ), or Sikhi,, from Sikh, meaning a "disciple", or a "learner"), is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent about the end of the 15th century. It is one of the youngest of the major world religions, and the fifth-largest. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them (20 million) living in Punjab, the Sikh homeland in northwest India, and about 2 million living in neighboring Indian states, formerly part of the Punjab. Sikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Guru (1469–1539), and the nine Sikh gurus that succeeded him. The Tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, terminating the line of human Gurus and making the scripture the eternal, religious spiritual guide for Sikhs.Louis Fenech and WH McLeod (2014),, 3rd Edition, Rowman & Littlefield,, pages 17, 84-85William James (2011), God's Plenty: Religious Diversity in Kingston, McGill Queens University Press,, pages 241–242 Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth. The Sikh scripture opens with Ik Onkar (ੴ), its Mul Mantar and fundamental prayer about One Supreme Being (God). Sikhism emphasizes simran (meditation on the words of the Guru Granth Sahib), that can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through Nam Japo (repeat God's name) as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to transform the "Five Thieves" (lust, rage, greed, attachment, and ego). Hand in hand, secular life is considered to be intertwined with the spiritual life., page.

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Single-member district

A single-member district or single-member constituency is an electoral district that returns one officeholder to a body with multiple members such as a legislature.

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Solid South

The Solid South or Southern bloc was the electoral voting bloc of the states of the Southern United States for issues that were regarded as particularly important to the interests of Democrats in the southern states.

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Sorghum

Sorghum is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family Poaceae.

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Southeastern Ceremonial Complex

The Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (formerly the Southern Cult), aka S.E.C.C., is the name given to the regional stylistic similarity of artifacts, iconography, ceremonies, and mythology of the Mississippian culture that coincided with their adoption of maize agriculture and chiefdom-level complex social organization from 1200 to 1650 CE.

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Southeastern Conference

The Southeastern Conference (SEC) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the Southern part of the United States.

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Southeastern United States

The Southeastern United States (Sureste de Estados Unidos, Sud-Est des États-Unis) is the eastern portion of the Southern United States, and the southern portion of the Eastern United States.

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Southern American English

Southern American English or Southern U.S. English is a large collection of related American English dialects spoken throughout the Southern United States, though increasingly in more rural areas and primarily by white Americans.

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Southern Association of Colleges and Schools

The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) is one of the six regional accreditation organizations recognized by the United States Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.

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Southern Baptist Convention

The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.

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Southern League (baseball)

The Southern League is a Minor League Baseball league that operates in the Southern United States.

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Southern Professional Hockey League

The Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL) is a professional ice hockey league based in Huntersville, North Carolina, with teams located primarily in the southeastern United States as well as Illinois and Indiana in the midwestern United States.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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SouthTrust

SouthTrust Corporation was a banking company headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Soybean

The soybean (Glycine max), or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.

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Spanish West Florida

Spanish West Florida (Spanish: Florida Occidental) was a province of the Spanish Empire from 1783 until 1821, when both it and East Florida were ceded to the United States.

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Species

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.

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Spermatophyte

The spermatophytes, also known as phanerogams or phenogamae, comprise those plants that produce seeds, hence the alternative name seed plants.

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Spring Hill College

Spring Hill College is a private, Roman Catholic, Jesuit, liberal arts college in the Spring Hill neighborhood of Mobile, Alabama, United States.

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Square dance

A square dance is a dance for four couples (eight dancers in total) arranged in a square, with one couple on each side, facing the middle of the square.

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SSAB

SSAB AB, earlier Svenskt Stål AB (English: Swedish Steel), is a Swedish-Finnish company, formed in 1978 and specialised in processing raw material to steel.

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St. Clair County, Alabama

St.

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St. Stephens, Alabama

St.

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Stainless steel

In metallurgy, stainless steel, also known as inox steel or inox from French inoxydable (inoxidizable), is a steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content by mass.

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Standard deduction

Under United States tax law, the standard deduction is a dollar amount that non-itemizers may subtract from their income before income tax is applied.

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State Auditor of Alabama

The State Auditor of Alabama is constitutionally required to make a full and complete report to the Governor of Alabama showing the receipts and disbursement of every character, all claims audited and paid out, and all taxes and revenues collected and paid into the treasury.

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State income tax

Most individual U.S. states collect a state income tax in addition to federal income tax.

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State supreme court

In the United States, a state supreme court (known by other names in some states) is the ultimate judicial tribunal in the court system of a particular state (i.e., that state's court of last resort).

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State-recognized tribes in the United States

State-recognized tribes are Native American Indian tribes, Nations, and Heritage Groups that have been recognized by a process established under assorted state laws for varying purposes.

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Stephen Decatur Button

Stephen Decatur Button (June 15, 1813, Preston, Connecticut — January 7, 1897, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was an American architect and a pioneer in the use of metal-frame construction for masonry buildings.

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Subsistence agriculture

Subsistence agriculture is a self-sufficiency farming system in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their entire families.

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Superior Bancorp

Superior Bancorp, and its principal subsidiary Superior Bank, was a southeastern community thrift with approximately $3.2 billion in assets in 2010.

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Supreme Court of Alabama

The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama.

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Sweet Home Alabama

"Sweet Home Alabama" is a song by Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd that first appeared in 1974 on their second album, Second Helping.

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Talladega National Forest

The Talladega National Forest is located in the U.S. state of Alabama and covers 392,567 acres (613.39 sq mi, or 1,588.66 km2) at the southern edge of the Appalachian Mountains.

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Talladega Superspeedway

Talladega Superspeedway, formerly named Alabama International Motor Speedway (AIMS), is a motorsports complex located north of Talladega, Alabama.

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Tallapoosa River

The Tallapoosa River runs U.S. Geological Survey.

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Tennessee

Tennessee (translit) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Tennessee River

The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River.

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Tennessee Valley

The Tennessee Valley is the drainage basin of the Tennessee River and is largely within the U.S. state of Tennessee.

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Tennessee Valley Tigers

The Tennessee Valley Tigers is a women's American football team located in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway

The Tennessee–Tombigbee Waterway (popularly known as the Tenn-Tom) is a man-made waterway that extends from the Tennessee River to the junction of the Black Warrior-Tombigbee River system near Demopolis, Alabama, United States.

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Terri Sewell

Terrycina Andrea Sewell (born January 1, 1965) is an American politician of the Democratic Party serving as the U.S. Representative for since 2011.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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The Birmingham News

The Birmingham News is the principal newspaper for Birmingham, Alabama, United States, and the largest newspaper in Alabama.

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The CW

The CW Television Network (commonly referred to as just The CW) is an American English-language broadcast television network that is operated by the CW Network, LLC, a limited liability joint venture between CBS Corporation, the former owners of United Paramount Network (UPN), and Warner Bros. Entertainment, former majority owner of The WB.

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The Mitchell Company Tournament of Champions

The Mitchell Company Tournament of Champions was a golf tournament for professional female golfers on the LPGA Tour.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Rosenwald School Building Fund and Associated Buildings Multiple Property Submission

The Rosenwald School Building Fund and Associated Buildings Multiple Property Submission is a multiple property submission of historic Rosenwald Schools in Alabama that were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places.

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The Tradition

The Tradition (known as the Regions Tradition for sponsorship reasons) is an event on the PGA Tour Champions tour.

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Theravada

Theravāda (Pali, literally "school of the elder monks") is a branch of Buddhism that uses the Buddha's teaching preserved in the Pāli Canon as its doctrinal core.

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Third Military District

The Third Military District of the U.S. Army was a temporary administrative unit of the U.S. War Department that existed in the American South.

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Thomas Goode Jones School of Law

The Thomas Goode Jones School of Law, also known as FaulknerLaw, Jones Law, JLS or JSL, is one of the professional graduate schools of Faulkner University, located in Montgomery, Alabama.

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Thunderstorm

A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm, lightning storm, or thundershower, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder.

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ThyssenKrupp

thyssenkrupp AG is a German multinational conglomerate with focus on industrial engineering and steel production.

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Time in Alabama

All of the U.S. state of Alabama is in the Central Time Zone (UTC−06:00, DST UTC−05:00) and observes daylight saving time.

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Timothy Montler

Timothy Montler is an American academic and linguist.

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Tombigbee District

The Tombigbee District, also known as the Tombigbee settlements, was one of two areas, the other being the Natchez District, that were the first in what was West Florida to be colonized by British subjects from the Thirteen Colonies and elsewhere.

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Tombigbee River

The Tombigbee River is a tributary of the Mobile River, approximately 200 mi (325 km) long, in the U.S. states of Mississippi and Alabama.

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Tornado Alley

Tornado Alley is a colloquial term for the area of the United States (or by some definitions extending into Canada) where tornadoes are most frequent.

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Toyota Motor Manufacturing Alabama

Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Alabama, Inc. (commonly called TMMAL) is a car and truck engine factory near Huntsville, Alabama, United States.

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Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American peoples from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States, to areas to the west (usually west of the Mississippi River) that had been designated as Indian Territory.

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Transliteration

Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus trans- + liter-) in predictable ways (such as α → a, д → d, χ → ch, ն → n or æ → e).

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Trauma center

A trauma center (or trauma centre) is a hospital equipped and staffed to provide care for patients suffering from major traumatic injuries such as falls, motor vehicle collisions, or gunshot wounds.

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Trial court

A trial court or court of first instance is a court having original jurisdiction, in which trials take place.

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Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain.

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Troy University

Troy University is a comprehensive public university that is located in Troy, Alabama, United States.

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Troy, Alabama

Troy is a city in Pike County, Alabama, United States.

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Tuscaloosa County, Alabama

Tuscaloosa County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Tuscaloosa station

Tuscaloosa is an Amtrak intercity rail station located at 2105 Greensboro Avenue one mile south of downtown Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

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Tuscaloosa, Alabama

Tuscaloosa is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west central Alabama (in the southeastern United States).

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Tuscaloosa, Alabama metropolitan area

The Tuscaloosa metropolitan area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of three counties in west central Alabama, anchored by the city of Tuscaloosa.

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Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site

Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site, at Moton Field in Tuskegee, Alabama, commemorates the contributions of African American airmen in World War II.

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Tuskegee National Forest

The Tuskegee National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located in Macon County, Alabama, just north of Tuskegee and west of Auburn.

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Tuskegee University

Tuskegee University is a private, historically black university (HBCU) located in Tuskegee, Alabama, United States.

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Tuskegee, Alabama

Tuskegee is a city in Macon County, Alabama, United States.

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U.S. News & World Report

U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis.

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U.S. Route 11

U.S. Route 11 (US 11) is a signed north–south (while physically generally northeast-southwest) highway United States highway extending 1,645 miles (2,647 km) across the eastern United States.

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U.S. Route 231

U.S. Route 231 is a parallel route of U.S. Route 31.

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U.S. Route 278 in Alabama

U.S. Route 278 (US 278), mostly internally designated by the Alabama Department of Transportation as State Route 74 (SR 74), is a major east–west U.S. highway across the northern part of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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U.S. Route 280

U.S. Route 280 is a spur of U.S. Highway 80.

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U.S. Route 29 in Alabama

U.S. Highway 29 (US 29), internally designated by the Alabama Department of Transportation as State Route 15 (SR 15), is a southwest-northeast state highway across the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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U.S. Route 31

U.S. Route 31 or U.S. Highway 31 (US 31) is a major north–south highway connecting southern Alabama to northern Michigan.

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U.S. Route 331

U.S. Route 331 (US 331) is a spur of U.S. Route 31.

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U.S. Route 411

U.S. Route 411 (US 411) is an alternate parallel-highway associated with US 11.

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U.S. Route 43

U.S. Route 43 (US 43) is a north–south United States Highway in the East South Central States of Alabama and Tennessee.

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U.S. Route 431 in Alabama

U.S. Highway 431 (US-431), internally designated by the Alabama Department of Transportation as State Route 1 (SR-1), is a major north–south state highway across the eastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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U.S. Route 45 in Alabama

In the U.S. state of Alabama, U.S. Route 45 (US 45) is a north–south United States Highway in the east south central state of Alabama.

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U.S. Route 72

U.S. Route 72 (US 72) is an east–west United States highway that travels for from southwestern Tennessee, North Mississippi, North Alabama, and southeastern Tennessee.

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U.S. Route 78

U.S. Highway 78 is an east–west United States highway that runs for 715 miles (1,151 km) from Memphis, Tennessee, to Charleston, South Carolina.

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U.S. Route 80

U.S. Route 80 (US 80) is an east–west United States Numbered Highway, much of which was once part of the early auto trail known as the Dixie Overland Highway.

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U.S. Route 82

U.S. Route 82 is an east–west United States highway in the Southern United States.

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U.S. Route 84

U.S. Route 84 (US 84) is an east–west U.S. Highway.

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U.S. Route 90

U.S. Route 90 is an east–west United States highway.

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U.S. Route 98

U.S. Route 98 is an east–west United States highway that runs from western Mississippi to southern Florida.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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U.S. Steel

United States Steel Corporation, more commonly known as U.S. Steel, is an American integrated steel producer headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with production operations in the United States, Canada, and Central Europe.

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UAB Blazers

The UAB Blazers are the varsity intercollegiate athletic programs of the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

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UAB Hospital

UAB Hospital is a Level I trauma center hospital located in Birmingham, Alabama.

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UAB School of Dentistry

The University of Alabama School of Dentistry is the public dental school located at the University of Alabama at Birmingham in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.

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Union (American Civil War)

During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4 border and slave states (some with split governments and troops sent both north and south) that supported it.

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Unitarian Universalism

Unitarian Universalism (UU) is a liberal religion characterized by a "free and responsible search for truth and meaning".

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United Methodist Church

The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant denomination and a major part of Methodism.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Army Materiel Command

The U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC) is the primary provider of materiel to the United States Army.

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United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (USCB; officially the Bureau of the Census, as defined in Title) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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United States Constitution

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.

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United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber.

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United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama, 2010

The 2010 congressional elections in Alabama were held on November 2, 2010, to determine will represent the state of Alabama in the United States House of Representatives.

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United States National Forest

National Forest is a classification of protected and managed federal lands in the United States.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1960

The United States presidential election in Alabama, 1960 was held on November 8, 1960, as part of that year's national presidential election.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1964

The 1964 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 3, 1964.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1968

The United States presidential election in Alabama, 1968 was held on November 5, 1968.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1972

The 1972 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 7, 1972.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1976

The 1976 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 2, 1976, as part of the 1976 United States presidential election.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1980

The United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 4, 1980.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1984

No description.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1988

The 1988 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 8, 1988.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1992

The 1992 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 1996

The 1996 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 5, 1996, as part of the 1996 United States presidential election.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 2000

The 2000 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 7, 2000, and was part of the 2000 United States presidential election.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 2004

The 2004 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 2, 2004.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 2008

The 2008 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 4, 2008, and was part of the 2008 United States presidential election.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 2012

The 2012 United States presidential election in Alabama took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated.

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United States presidential election in Alabama, 2016

The 2016 United States presidential election in Alabama was held on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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University of Alabama

The University of Alabama (Alabama or UA) is a public research university located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, and the flagship of the University of Alabama System.

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University of Alabama at Birmingham

The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) is a public research university in Birmingham in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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University of Alabama in Huntsville

The University of Alabama in Huntsville (also known as UAHuntsville or UAH) is a state-supported, public, coeducational research university in Huntsville, Alabama, United States.

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University of Alabama School of Law

The University of Alabama School of Law (also known as Alabama Law) located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama is a nationally ranked top-tier law school (First Tier) and the only public law school in the state.

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University of Alabama School of Medicine

The University of Alabama School of Medicine at UAB is a public medical school located in Birmingham, Alabama with branch campuses in Huntsville, Montgomery, and at the University of Alabama College of Community Health Sciences in Tuscaloosa.

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University of North Alabama

The University of North Alabama (UNA) is a coeducational university located in Florence, Alabama.

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University of South Alabama

The University of South Alabama (USA), officially nicknamed "South", is a public, national research university in Mobile, Alabama, United States.

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Upland South

The terms Upland South and Upper South refer to the northern section of the Southern United States, in contrast to the Lower South or Deep South.

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URS Corporation

URS Corporation (formerly United Research Services) was an engineering, design, and construction firm and a U.S. federal government contractor.

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UTC−04:00

UTC−04:00 is a time offset that subtracts 4 hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

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UTC−05:00

UTC−05:00 is a time offset that subtracts five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

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UTC−06:00

UTC−06:00 is a time offset that subtracts six hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

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Vance, Alabama

Vance is a town in Tuscaloosa and Bibb counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Vestavia Hills, Alabama

Vestavia Hills is a city in Jefferson and Shelby counties in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Vietnamese language

Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt) is an Austroasiatic language that originated in Vietnam, where it is the national and official language.

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Von Braun Center

The Von Braun Center (VBC), known as the Von Braun Civic Center (VBCC) until 1997, is a multi-purpose indoor arena, meeting, and performing arts complex, with a maximum arena seating capacity of 10,000, located in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

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WAAY-TV

WAAY-TV is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Huntsville, Alabama, United States and serving North Alabama's Tennessee Valley.

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WABM

WABM, virtual channel 68 (UHF digital channel 36), is a MyNetworkTV-affiliated television station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama, United States.

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Wachovia

Wachovia (former NYSE ticker symbol WB) was a diversified financial services company based in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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WAFF (TV)

WAFF is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Huntsville, Alabama, United States and serving North Alabama's Tennessee Valley.

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WAKA

WAKA is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Selma, Alabama, United States, serving the Black Belt and River Region of central Alabama, including Montgomery.

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WALA-TV

WALA-TV, virtual channel 10 (VHF digital channel 9), is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Mobile, Alabama, United States and also serving Pensacola, Florida.

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Walmart

Walmart Inc. (formerly branded as Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.

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Washington County, Alabama

Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Washington Group International

Washington Group International was an American corporation which provided integrated engineering, construction, and management services to businesses and governments around the world.

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WBMA-LD

WBMA-LD, virtual channel 58 (UHF digital channel 40), is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama, United States.

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WBMM

WBMM is a CW-affiliated television station licensed to Tuskegee, Alabama, United States, serving the Black Belt and River Region of central Alabama, including Montgomery.

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WBRC

WBRC, virtual channel 6 (UHF digital channel 50), is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama, United States.

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WCOV-TV

WCOV-TV is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Montgomery, Alabama, United States, serving the Black Belt and River Region of central Alabama.

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WDFX-TV

WDFX-TV is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Ozark, Alabama, United States and serving the Wiregrass Region of southeastern Alabama, including Dothan.

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WDHN

WDHN is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Dothan, Alabama, United States and serving the Wiregrass Region of southeastern Alabama.

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WEAR-TV

WEAR-TV, virtual channel 3 (UHF digital channel 17), is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Pensacola, Florida, United States, that also serves Mobile, Alabama.

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Wells Fargo

Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with central offices throughout the country.

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West Florida

West Florida (Florida Occidental) was a region on the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico that underwent several boundary and sovereignty changes during its history.

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Wetumpka crater

The Wetumpka impact crater is the only confirmed impact crater in Alabama, United States.

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Wetumpka, Alabama

Wetumpka is a city in and the county seat of Elmore County, Alabama, United States.

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WFNA (TV)

WFNA, virtual channel 55 (UHF digital channel 25), is a CW-affiliated television station serving Mobile, Alabama and Pensacola, Florida, United States that is licensed to Gulf Shores, Alabama.

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WHDF

WHDF is a CW-affiliated television station licensed to Florence, Alabama, United States and serving Huntsville and North Alabama's Tennessee Valley.

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Wheeler Lake

Wheeler Lake is located in the northern part of the United States state of Alabama, between Rogersville and Huntsville.

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White Americans

White Americans are Americans who are descendants from any of the white racial groups of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, or in census statistics, those who self-report as white based on having majority-white ancestry.

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White Hispanic and Latino Americans

In the United States, a White Hispanic is an American citizen or resident who is racially white and of Hispanic descent.

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White League

The White League, also known as the White Man's League, was an American white paramilitary organization started in 1874 to kick Republicans out of office and intimidate freedmen from voting and politically organizing.

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WHNT-TV

WHNT-TV is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Huntsville, Alabama, United States and serving North Alabama's Tennessee Valley.

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WIAT

WIAT, virtual channel 42 (UHF digital channel 30), is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama, United States.

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Wild turkey

The wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is an upland ground bird native to North America and is the heaviest member of the diverse Galliformes.

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William B. Bankhead National Forest

The William B. Bankhead National Forest is one of Alabama's four National Forests, covering.

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WKRG-TV

WKRG-TV, virtual channel 5 (UHF digital channel 27), is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Mobile, Alabama, United States and also serving Pensacola, Florida.

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WNCF

WNCF is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Montgomery, Alabama, United States, serving the Black Belt and River Region of central Alabama.

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World Championship Tennis

World Championship Tennis (WCT) was a tour for professional male tennis players established in 1968 (the first players signed a contract at the end of 1967) and lasted until the emergence of the ATP Tour in 1990.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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WPMI-TV

WPMI-TV, virtual and UHF digital channel 15, is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Mobile, Alabama, United States and also serving Pensacola, Florida.

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WRGX-LD

WRGX-LD is a low-powered, NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Dothan, Alabama, United States and serving the Wiregrass Region of southeastern Alabama.

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WSFA

WSFA is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Montgomery, Alabama, United States, serving the Black Belt and River Region of central Alabama.

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WTTO

WTTO, virtual channel 21 (UHF digital channel 28), is a CW-affiliated television station serving Birmingham, Alabama, United States that is licensed to the suburb of Homewood.

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WTVY (TV)

WTVY is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Dothan, Alabama, United States and serving the Wiregrass Region of southeastern Alabama.

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WVTM-TV

WVTM-TV, virtual and VHF digital channel 13, is an NBC-affiliated television station licensed to Birmingham, Alabama, United States.

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WZDX

WZDX is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Huntsville, Alabama, United States and serving North Alabama's Tennessee Valley.

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Yazoo land scandal

The Yazoo land scandal, Yazoo fraud, Yazoo land fraud, or Yazoo land controversy was a massive real-estate fraud perpetrated, in the mid-1790s, by Georgia governor George Mathews and the Georgia General Assembly.

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Yazoo lands

The Yazoo lands were the sparsely populated, central and western regions of the U.S. state of Georgia, when its western border stretched back to the Mississippi River.

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Yellowhammer News

Yellowhammer News is an American conservative website that publishes news and political commentary pertaining to Alabama.

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Yokohama Tire LPGA Classic

The Yokohama Tire LPGA Classic is a women's professional golf tournament on the LPGA Tour.

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1974 Super Outbreak

The 1974 Super Outbreak was the second-largest tornado outbreak on record for a single 24-hour period, just behind the 2011 Super Outbreak.

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1993 Storm of the Century

The 1993 Storm of the Century (also known as the 93 Superstorm, The No Name Storm, or the Great Blizzard of 1993) was a large cyclonic storm that formed over the Gulf of Mexico on March 12, 1993.

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2010 United States Census

The 2010 United States Census (commonly referred to as the 2010 Census) is the twenty-third and most recent United States national census.

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2011 Super Outbreak

The 2011 Super Outbreak was the largest, costliest, and one of the deadliest tornado outbreaks ever recorded, affecting the Southern, Midwestern, and Northeastern United States and leaving catastrophic destruction in its wake.

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Redirects here:

22nd State, Ala., Alabahmu, Alabama (U.S. state), Alabama (state), Alabama, United States, Alabaman, Alabaman people, Alabamian, Alabamians, Alabmama, Art of Alabama, Christianity in Alabama, Culture of Alabama, Economy of Alabama, Flora and fauna of Alabama, Healthcare in Alabama, Politics of Alabama, Religion in Alabama, State of Alabama, The Yellowhammer State, Transport in Alabama, Twenty-Second State, Twenty-second State, US-AL, Yellowhammer State.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama

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