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67 relations: ABO blood group system, Albinism, Alloenzyme, Antigen, Blood transfusion, Blood type, Carbohydrate, Chromosome, Color blindness, Cystic fibrosis, DNA methylation, Dominance (genetics), Drosophila melanogaster, Edith Rebecca Saunders, Epigenetics, Evolution, Eye color, Fragile X syndrome, Galactosemia, Gene, Genealogical DNA test, Genetic carrier, Genetic disorder, Genetics, Genotype, Greek language, Gregor Mendel, Haploinsufficiency, Hardy–Weinberg principle, HERC2, Heredity, Homologous chromosome, Huntington's disease, Iris (anatomy), Latin, Locus (genetics), Meiosis, Mendelian error, Mendelian inheritance, Mitosis, Multicellular organism, Mutant, Nucleic acid sequence, Null allele, OCA2, Oxford English Dictionary, Pea, Penetrance, Phenotype, Phenotypic trait, ..., Phenylketonuria, Pigment, Ploidy, Polygene, Polymorphism (biology), Punnett square, Quantitative trait locus, Scattering, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Species, Stroma of iris, Tay–Sachs disease, Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, Turbidity, Wild type, William Bateson, Zygosity. Expand index (17 more) »
ABO blood group system
The ABO blood group system is used to denote the presence of one, both, or neither of the A and B antigens on erythrocytes.
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Albinism
Albinism in humans is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes.
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Alloenzyme
Alloenzymes (or also called allozymes) are variant forms of an enzyme which differs structurally but not functionally from other allozymes coded for by different alleles at the same locus.
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Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.
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Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.
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Blood type
A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and also based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).
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Carbohydrate
A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).
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Chromosome
A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
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Color blindness
Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color.
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Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that affects mostly the lungs, but also the pancreas, liver, kidneys, and intestine.
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DNA methylation
DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.
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Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.
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Drosophila melanogaster
Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.
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Edith Rebecca Saunders
Edith Rebecca Saunders (14 October 1865 – 6 June 1945) was a British geneticist and plant anatomist.
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Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence.
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Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
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Eye color
Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.
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Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder.
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Galactosemia
Galactosemia (British galactosaemia, from Greek γαλακτόζη + αίμα, meaning galactose + blood, accumulation of galactose in blood) is a rare genetic metabolic disorder that affects an individual's ability to metabolize the sugar galactose properly.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Genealogical DNA test
A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based test which looks at specific locations of a person's genome in order to determine ancestral ethnicity and genealogical relationships.
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Genetic carrier
A hereditary carrier (or just carrier), is a person or other organism that has inherited a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation but usually does not display that trait or show symptoms of the disease.
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Genetic disorder
A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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Genotype
The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype).
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Gregor Mendel
Gregor Johann Mendel (Řehoř Jan Mendel; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) was a scientist, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno, Margraviate of Moravia.
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Haploinsufficiency
Haploinsufficiency is a mechanism of action to explain a phenotype when a diploid organism has lost one copy of a gene and is left with a single functional copy of that gene.
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Hardy–Weinberg principle
The Hardy–Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.
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HERC2
Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase HERC2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HERC2 gene.
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Heredity
Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
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Homologous chromosome
A couple of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, are a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during meiosis.
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Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an inherited disorder that results in death of brain cells.
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Iris (anatomy)
In humans and most mammals and birds, the iris (plural: irides or irises) is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Locus (genetics)
A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).
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Meiosis
Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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Mendelian error
A Mendelian error in the genetic analysis of a species, describes an allele in an individual which could not have been received from either of its biological parents by Mendelian inheritance.
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Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian inheritance is a type of biological inheritance that follows the laws originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866 and re-discovered in 1900.
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Mitosis
In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
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Multicellular organism
Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organisms.
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Mutant
In biology and especially genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is an alteration of the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of an organism.
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Nucleic acid sequence
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.
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Null allele
A null allele is a nonfunctional copy of a gene caused by a genetic mutation.
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OCA2
P protein, also known as melanocyte-specific transporter protein or pink-eyed dilution protein homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the oculocutaneous albinism II (OCA2) gene.
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Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the main historical dictionary of the English language, published by the Oxford University Press.
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Pea
The pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod of the pod fruit Pisum sativum.
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Penetrance
Penetrance in genetics is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant (or allele) of a gene (the genotype) that also express an associated trait (the phenotype).
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Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
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Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, or simply trait, is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.
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Phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.
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Pigment
A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.
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Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
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Polygene
A "polygene” or "multiple gene inheritance" is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait.
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Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
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Punnett square
The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
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Quantitative trait locus
A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a section of DNA (the locus) which correlates with variation in a phenotype (the quantitative trait).
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Scattering
Scattering is a general physical process where some forms of radiation, such as light, sound, or moving particles, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more paths due to localized non-uniformities in the medium through which they pass.
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Single-nucleotide polymorphism
A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).
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Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.
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Stroma of iris
The stroma of the iris is a fibrovascular layer of tissue.
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Tay–Sachs disease
Tay–Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.
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Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is the transmission of information from one generation of an organism to the next (i.e., parent–child transmission) that affects the traits of offspring without alteration of the primary structure of DNA (i.e., the sequence of nucleotides)—in other words, epigenetically.
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Turbidity
Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked eye, similar to smoke in air.
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Wild type
Wild type (WT) refers to the phenotype of the typical form of a species as it occurs in nature.
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William Bateson
William Bateson (8 August 1861 – 8 February 1926) was an English biologist who was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscovery in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns.
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Zygosity
Zygosity is the degree of similarity of the alleles for a trait in an organism.
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Alell, Alelle, Allel, Alleles, Allelic, Allelic distribution, Allelic spectrum, Allelle, Allelomorph, Epiallele, Genetic allele, Genovariation, Multiple Allelism, Multiple alleles, Multiple allelism.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allele
