Communication

288 relations: Abertzale, Abertzaleen Batasuna, Abraham Olano, Adour, Amaiur, Ancient Rome, Ander Herrera, Andoni Iraola, Andoni Zubizarreta, Anoeta Stadium, Aquitani, Aquitanian language, Aralar (Basque political party), Aritz Aduriz, Arrondissements of France, Asier Illarramendi, Association football, Athletic Bilbao, Athletic Bilbao signing policy, Autonomous communities of Spain, Autrigones, Aviron Bayonnais, Aviron Bayonnais FC, Aymeric Laporte, Azilian, Álava, Banu Qasi, Barakaldo CF, Basketball, Basque conflict, Basque Country (autonomous community), Basque Country national football team, Basque cuisine, Basque derby, Basque education system, Basque language, Basque mythology, Basque National Liberation Movement, Basque nationalism, Basque Nationalist Party, Basque Parliament, Basque pelota, Basque witch trials, Basques, Batasuna, Batzarre, Bay of Biscay, Bayonne, Benjamin of Tudela, Berones, ..., Biarritz, Biarritz Olympique, Bilbao, Bilbao Basket, Biscay, Bixente Lizarazu, Bohemian, CA Osasuna, Cagot, Camino de Santiago, Cantabria, Cantons of France, Caristii, Carlist Wars, Carlos Garaikoetxea, Carnivals from the Basque Country, Cascarots, Castile and León, Castilians, Catholic Church, César Azpilicueta, Christian democracy, Communes of France, Condado de Treviño, Constitution of Spain, Cortes Generales, County of Fézensac, County of Vasconia Citerior, Cycling team, David Etxebarria, Deba, Gipuzkoa, Department (country subdivision), Deportivo Alavés, Deusto, Didier Deschamps, Ebro, Edurne Pasaban, Egunkaria, EH Bildu, Eight-thousander, Enclave and exclave, End of Basque home rule in France, Erromintxela language, Esquiule, ETA (separatist group), Euro, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, European Rugby Champions Cup, Euskal Herritarrok, Euskaltel, Euskaltzaindia, Eusko Alkartasuna, FC Bayern Munich, FIFA World Cup, Forward (association football), France, Francisco Franco, Franco-Cantabrian region, Francoist Spain, Franks, French Basque Country, French language, Fueros of Navarre, Galicians, Garonne, Gascon language, Gascony, Geroa Bai, Gipuzkoa, Grade (climbing), Gramont, Tarn-et-Garonne, Greater Bilbao, Green Spain, Haimar Zubeldia, Hendaye, Henry IV of France, Hernani, Gipuzkoa, History of France, Hondarribia, House of Plantagenet, Howard Kendall, Hundred Years' War, Iban Mayo, Ikastola, Iker Muniain, Ikurriña, Imanol Harinordoquy, Institut géographique national, Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain), Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain), Izquierda-Ezkerra, Jai alai, Javi Martínez, Jews, Joan Perez de Lazarraga, Joanes Leizarraga, John Aldridge, Josune Bereziartu, Juanito Oiarzabal, Jupp Heynckes, Kalderash, Kévin Rodrigues, Kingdom of Castile, Kingdom of Navarre, La Liga, La Puebla de Arganzón, Labourd, Language policy, Larry Trask, Left-wing politics, Liga ACB, Lingua franca, List of Basques, List of Constitutions of Spain, Lists of active separatist movements, Literal translation, Liverpool F.C., Lower Navarre, Majority, Mauléon-Licharre, Mediterranean climate, Middle Ages, Miguel Induráin, Mikel Arteta, Mixed language, Mondragón, Mondragon Corporation, Mondragon University, Mountaineering, Mower, Mundaka, Muslim, Nation state, Nationalities and regions of Spain, Natural language, Navarre, Navarre autonomous football team, Navarrese People's Union, Nervión, Novempopulania, Oñati, Oceanic climate, Opus Dei, Paleolithic, Pamplona, Patxi Usobiaga, Pedro Agerre, People's Party (Spain), Petilla de Aragón, Pliny the Elder, Podemos (Spanish political party), Protohistory, Province of Burgos, Provinces of Spain, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Pyrenees, Quinqui jargon, Real Madrid C.F., Real Sociedad, Real tennis, Real Unión, Romani people, Romantic nationalism, Rugby league, Rugby union, Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port, Saint-Palais, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Samuel Sánchez, San Sebastián, San Sebastián Gipuzkoa BC, Saski Baskonia, Scythe, SD Eibar, Second Spanish Republic, Self-determination, Separatism, Serge Blanco, Social democracy, Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party of Navarre, Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left, Socialists' Party of Catalonia, Society of Jesus, Sortu, Soule, Southern Basque Country, Spain, Spain national football team, Spanish Civil War, Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre, Spanish football league system, Spanish language, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Squash (sport), Standard Basque, State school, Stéphane Ruffier, Strabo, Sub-Saharan Africa, Suburates, Surfing, Tarbelli, Tardets-Sorholus, Tour de France, Trail running, Treviño enclave, UCI Road World Championships, UCI WorldTeam, UEFA Champions League, UNESCO, Union for a Popular Movement, United Left (Spain), University of Deusto, University of Helsinki, University of Navarra, University of Nevada, Reno, University of Oñati, University of the Basque Country, University of Valladolid, Untranslatability, Ustaritz, Valle de Villaverde, Varduli, Vascones, Vichy France, Villava, Visigoths, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vuelta a España, War of the Bands, Xabi Alonso, Xining, Zazpiak Bat, Zegama, Zegama-Aizkorri, .eus, 1983–84 La Liga, 1998 FIFA World Cup. 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Abertzale

Abertzale (English: "patriot", literally "fond of the fatherland") is a Basque term usually referring to people or political groups who are associated with Basque nationalism.

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Abertzaleen Batasuna

Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB; Patriot's Union or Unity) is a Basque political party in France.

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Abraham Olano

Abraham Olano Manzano (born January 22, 1970, in Anoeta, Gipuzkoa) is a Spanish former professional road racing cyclist, who raced between 1992 and 2002.

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Adour

The Adour (Aturri, Ador) is a river in southwestern France.

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Amaiur

Amaiur is a left-wing Basque nationalist and separatist political coalition from the Basque Country and Navarre.

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Ancient Rome

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire.

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Ander Herrera

Ander Herrera Agüera (born 14 August 1989) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for English club Manchester United and the Spain national team.

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Andoni Iraola

Andoni Iraola Sagarna (born 22 June 1982) is a retired Spanish footballer who played as a right back, and is the manager of Cypriot club AEK Larnaca FC.

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Andoni Zubizarreta

Andoni Zubizarreta Urreta (born 23 October 1961) is a retired Spanish footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

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Anoeta Stadium

Anoeta is a multi-purpose stadium in San Sebastián, Basque Autonomous Community, Spain that was inaugurated in 1993.

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Aquitani

The Aquitanians (Latin: Aquitani) were a people living in what is now southern Aquitaine and southwestern Midi-Pyrénées, France, called Gallia Aquitania by the Romans in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic ocean, and the Garonne, present-day southwestern France.

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Aquitanian language

The Aquitanian language was spoken on both sides of the western Pyrenees in ancient Aquitaine (approximately between the Pyrenees and the Garonne, in the region later known as Gascony) and in the areas south of the Pyrenees in the valleys of the Basque Country before the Roman conquest.

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Aralar (Basque political party)

Aralar was a Basque socialist and separatist political party in Spain.

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Aritz Aduriz

Aritz Aduriz Zubeldia (born 11 February 1981) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Athletic Bilbao as a striker.

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Arrondissements of France

An arrondissement is a level of administrative division in France.

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Asier Illarramendi

Asier Illarramendi "Illarra" Andonegi (born 8 March 1990) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Real Sociedad as a defensive midfielder.

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Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

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Athletic Bilbao

Athletic Club, also commonly known as Athletic Bilbao (Bilboko Athletic Kluba / Athletic de Bilbao), is a professional football club, based in Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.

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Athletic Bilbao signing policy

Since 1912, Spain-based association football club Athletic Bilbao have had an unwritten rule whereby the club will only sign players who were born in the Basque Country, or who learned their football skills at a Basque club.

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Autonomous communities of Spain

In Spain, an autonomous community (comunidad autónoma, autonomia erkidegoa, comunitat autònoma, comunidade autónoma, comunautat autonòma) is a first-level political and administrative division, created in accordance with the Spanish constitution of 1978, with the aim of guaranteeing limited autonomy of the nationalities and regions that make up Spain.

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Autrigones

The Autrigones were a pre-Roman tribe that settled in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, in what today is the western Basque Country (western regions of Biscay and Álava) and northern Burgos, Spain.

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Aviron Bayonnais

Aviron Bayonnais (Baionako Arrauna) is a French rugby union club from Bayonne (Baiona, in Basque) in Pyrénées-Atlantiques which, for the 2016-17 season, competed in the top tier of the French league system, in the Top 14 competition.

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Aviron Bayonnais FC

Aviron Bayonnais Football Club (commonly referred to as simply Bayonne) is a French association football club based in Bayonne.

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Aymeric Laporte

Aymeric Jean Louis Gerard Alphonse Laporte (born 27 May 1994) is a French professional footballer who plays as a centre back for English club Manchester City.

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Azilian

The Azilian is a name given by archaeologists to an industry in the Franco-Cantabrian region of northern Spain and southern France.

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Álava

Álava (in Spanish) or Araba (in Basque, dialectal), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.

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Banu Qasi

The Banu Qasi, Banu Kasi, Beni Casi (بني قسي or بنو قسي, meaning "sons" or "heirs of Cassius") or Banu Musa were a Hispano-Roman Muwallad dynasty that ruled the upper Ebro valley in the 9th century, before being displaced in the first quarter of the 10th century.

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Barakaldo CF

Barakaldo Club de Fútbol is a Spanish football team based in Barakaldo, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country.

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Basketball

Basketball is a team sport played on a rectangular court.

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Basque conflict

The Basque conflict, also known as the Spain–ETA conflict, was an armed and political conflict from 1959 to 2011 between Spain and the Basque National Liberation Movement, a group of social and political Basque organizations which sought independence from Spain and France.

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Basque Country (autonomous community)

The Basque Country (Euskadi; País Vasco; Pays Basque), officially the Basque Autonomous Community (Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa, EAE; Comunidad Autónoma Vasca, CAV) is an autonomous community in northern Spain.

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Basque Country national football team

The Basque Country representative football team (officially, in Basque, 'Euskal selekzioa') represents the Basque Country in football.

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Basque cuisine

Basque cuisine refers to the cuisine of the Basque Country and includes meats and fish grilled over hot coals, marmitako and lamb stews, cod, Tolosa bean dishes, paprikas from Lekeitio, pintxos (Basque tapas), Idiazabal sheep's cheese, txakoli sparkling wine, and Basque cider.

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Basque derby

The Basque derby (in Basque Euskal Derbia, in Spanish derbi Vasco) is the name of the football local derby between Real Sociedad and Athletic Bilbao.

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Basque education system

Education in the Basque Autonomous Community is entirely free from the age of 3, and compulsory between 6 and 16 years.

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Basque language

Basque (euskara) is a language spoken in the Basque country and Navarre. Linguistically, Basque is unrelated to the other languages of Europe and, as a language isolate, to any other known living language. The Basques are indigenous to, and primarily inhabit, the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France. The Basque language is spoken by 28.4% of Basques in all territories (751,500). Of these, 93.2% (700,300) are in the Spanish area of the Basque Country and the remaining 6.8% (51,200) are in the French portion. Native speakers live in a contiguous area that includes parts of four Spanish provinces and the three "ancient provinces" in France. Gipuzkoa, most of Biscay, a few municipalities of Álava, and the northern area of Navarre formed the core of the remaining Basque-speaking area before measures were introduced in the 1980s to strengthen the language. By contrast, most of Álava, the western part of Biscay and central and southern areas of Navarre are predominantly populated by native speakers of Spanish, either because Basque was replaced by Spanish over the centuries, in some areas (most of Álava and central Navarre), or because it was possibly never spoken there, in other areas (Enkarterri and southeastern Navarre). Under Restorationist and Francoist Spain, public use of Basque was frowned upon, often regarded as a sign of separatism; this applied especially to those regions that did not support Franco's uprising (such as Biscay or Gipuzkoa). However, in those Basque-speaking regions that supported the uprising (such as Navarre or Álava) the Basque language was more than merely tolerated. Overall, in the 1960s and later, the trend reversed and education and publishing in Basque began to flourish. As a part of this process, a standardised form of the Basque language, called Euskara Batua, was developed by the Euskaltzaindia in the late 1960s. Besides its standardised version, the five historic Basque dialects are Biscayan, Gipuzkoan, and Upper Navarrese in Spain, and Navarrese–Lapurdian and Souletin in France. They take their names from the historic Basque provinces, but the dialect boundaries are not congruent with province boundaries. Euskara Batua was created so that Basque language could be used—and easily understood by all Basque speakers—in formal situations (education, mass media, literature), and this is its main use today. In both Spain and France, the use of Basque for education varies from region to region and from school to school. A language isolate, Basque is believed to be one of the few surviving pre-Indo-European languages in Europe, and the only one in Western Europe. The origin of the Basques and of their languages is not conclusively known, though the most accepted current theory is that early forms of Basque developed prior to the arrival of Indo-European languages in the area, including the Romance languages that geographically surround the Basque-speaking region. Basque has adopted a good deal of its vocabulary from the Romance languages, and Basque speakers have in turn lent their own words to Romance speakers. The Basque alphabet uses the Latin script.

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Basque mythology

The mythology of the ancient Basques largely did not survive the arrival of Christianity in the Basque Country between the 4th and 12th century AD.

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Basque National Liberation Movement

The Basque National Liberation Movement (Movimiento de Liberación Nacional Vasco, MLNV; Basque: Euskal Nazio Askapenerako Mugimendua, "ENAM") was an umbrella term that comprised all social, political and armed organizations orbiting around the ideas of the illegal armed organisation Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), proscribed internationally as a terrorist organisation.

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Basque nationalism

Basque nationalism (eusko abertzaletasuna) is a form of nationalism that asserts that Basques, an ethnic group indigenous to the western Pyrenees, are a nation, and promotes the political unity of the Basques.

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Basque Nationalist Party

The Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ; Partido Nacionalista Vasco, PNV; Parti Nationaliste Basque, PNB; EAJ-PNV) is a Christian democratic and Basque nationalist party.

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Basque Parliament

The Basque Parliament (Basque: Eusko Legebiltzarra, Spanish: Parlamento Vasco) is the legislative body of the Basque Autonomous Community of Spain and the elected assembly to which the Basque Government is responsible.

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Basque pelota

Basque pelota (pilota in the original Basque language also pelota vasca in Spanish, pelote basque in French) is the name for a variety of court sports played with a ball using one's hand, a racket, a wooden bat or a basket, against a wall (frontis or Fronton) or, more traditionally, with two teams face to face separated by a line on the ground or a net.

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Basque witch trials

The Basque witch trials of the 17th century represent the only serious attempt at rooting out witchcraft ever undertaken by the Spanish Inquisition, which was generally skeptical of such allegations.

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Basques

No description.

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Batasuna

Batasuna (Unity) was a Basque nationalist political party.

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Batzarre

Batzarre (Assembly) is a political party in Navarre, Spain.

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Bay of Biscay

The Bay of Biscay (Golfe de Gascogne, Golfo de Vizcaya, Pleg-mor Gwaskogn, Bizkaiko Golkoa) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea.

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Bayonne

Bayonne (Gascon: Baiona; Baiona; Bayona) is a city and commune and one of the two sub-prefectures of the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

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Benjamin of Tudela

Benjamin of Tudela (בִּנְיָמִין מִטּוּדֶלָה,; بنيامين التطيلي;‎ Tudela, Kingdom of Navarre, 1130Castile, 1173) was a medieval Jewish traveler who visited Europe, Asia, and Africa in the 12th century.

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Berones

The Berones were a pre-Roman Celtic people of ancient Spain, although they not were part of the Celtiberians, they lived north of the Celtiberians and close to the Cantabrian Conisci in the middle Ebro region between the Tirón and Alhama rivers.

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Biarritz

Biarritz (Biarritz or Miarritze; Gascon Biàrritz) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in Southwestern France.

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Biarritz Olympique

Biarritz Olympique Pays Basque, usually known simply as Biarritz, is a French professional rugby union team based in the Basque city of Biarritz, New Aquitaine which competes in the Rugby Pro D2, the second division of French rugby.

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Bilbao

Bilbao (Bilbo) is a city in northern Spain, the largest city in the province of Biscay and in the Basque Country as a whole.

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Bilbao Basket

Club Basket Bilbao Berri S.A.D., commonly known as Bilbao Basket and as RETAbet Bilbao Basket for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in Bilbao, Spain.

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Biscay

Biscay (Bizkaia; Vizcaya) is a province of Spain located just south of the Bay of Biscay.

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Bixente Lizarazu

Bixente Lizarazu, initially registered as Vincent Lizarazu, (born 9 December 1969) is a retired Basque-French footballer who played for Bordeaux and Bayern Munich, among other teams, as a left-back.

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Bohemian

A Bohemian is a resident of Bohemia, a region of the Czech Republic or the former Kingdom of Bohemia, a region of the former Crown of Bohemia (lands of the Bohemian Crown).

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CA Osasuna

Club Atlético Osasuna (Athletic Club Osasuna), or simply Osasuna, is a Spanish football team based in Pamplona, Navarre.

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Cagot

The Cagots were a persecuted and despised minority found in the west of France and northern Spain: the Navarrese Pyrenees, Basque provinces, Béarn, Aragón, Gascony and Brittany.

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Camino de Santiago

The Camino de Santiago (Peregrinatio Compostellana, "Pilgrimage of Compostela"; O Camiño de Santiago), known in English as the Way of Saint James among other names, is a network of pilgrims' ways serving pilgrimage to the shrine of the apostle Saint James the Great in the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia in northwestern Spain, where tradition has it that the remains of the saint are buried.

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Cantabria

Cantabria is a historic Spanish community and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city.

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Cantons of France

The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's arrondissements and departments.

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Caristii

The Caristii were a pre-Roman tribe settled in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, in what today are known as the historical territories of Biscay and Alava, in the Basque Country, northern Spain.

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Carlist Wars

The Carlist Wars were a series of civil wars that took place in Spain during the 19th century.

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Carlos Garaikoetxea

Carlos Garaikoetxea Urriza (born 2 June 1938) is a former Spanish politician from the Basque Country.

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Carnivals from the Basque Country

Carnivals in the Basque Country are celebrated in eleven different villages and cities and they are usually lively and colourful celebrations.

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Cascarots

The Cascarots (Kaskarotuak) are an ethnic group found in the Northern Basque Country.

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Castile and León

Castile and León (Castilla y León; Leonese: Castiella y Llión; Castela e León) is an autonomous community in north-western Spain.

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Castilians

Castilians (Spanish: castellanos) are certain inhabitants in regions of central Spain including at least the eastern part of Castile and León, Castile-La Mancha excluding Albacete, and the Community of Madrid, who are the source of the Spanish language (Castilian) among other aspects of cultural identity.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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César Azpilicueta

César Azpilicueta Tanco (born 28 August 1989) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for club Chelsea and the Spain national team primarily as a full back but also as a central defender.

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Christian democracy

Christian democracy is a political ideology that emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching, as well as Neo-Calvinism.

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Communes of France

The commune is a level of administrative division in the French Republic.

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Condado de Treviño

Condado de Treviño ("County of Treviño") is a municipality in the province of Burgos, autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.

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Constitution of Spain

The Spanish Constitution (Constitución Española; Espainiako Konstituzioa; Constitució Espanyola; Constitución Española; Constitucion espanhòla) is the democratic law that is supreme in the Kingdom of Spain.

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Cortes Generales

The Cortes Generales (General Courts) are the bicameral legislature of the Kingdom of Spain, consisting of two chambers: the Congress of Deputies (the lower house) and the Senate (the upper house).

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County of Fézensac

The County of Fézensac was an 8th-century creation on the north-eastern fringes of the Duchy of Gascony following Charlemagne's policy of feudalisation and Frankish colonisation.

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County of Vasconia Citerior

The County of Vasconia Citerior (literally, the "nearer Basque country") was a medieval domain attested as of 824.

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Cycling team

A cycling team is a group of cyclists who join a team or are acquired and train together to compete in bicycle races whether amateur or professional – and the supporting personnel.

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David Etxebarria

David Etxebarria Alkorta (23 July 1973, Abadiño, Basque Country) is a Spanish professional road racing cyclist.

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Deba, Gipuzkoa

Deba is a town located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, in the North of Spain.

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Department (country subdivision)

A department is an administrative or political subdivision in many countries.

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Deportivo Alavés

Deportivo Alavés, S.A.D.; (Sporting Alavés), usually abbreviated to Alavés, is a Spanish football club based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country.

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Deusto

Deusto (or Deustu) is a district of the city of Bilbao (Biscay), in the Spanish Basque Country on the right bank of the Estuary of Bilbao.

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Didier Deschamps

Didier Claude Deschamps (born 15 October 1968) is a French retired footballer and current manager of the France national team.

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Ebro

The Ebro in English (also in Spanish, Aragonese and Basque: 'Ebre') is one of the most important rivers on the Iberian Peninsula.

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Edurne Pasaban

Edurne Pasaban Lizarribar (born August 1, 1973) is a Basque Spanish mountaineer.

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Egunkaria

Egunkaria (Basque for The Daily) for thirteen years was the only fully Basque language newspaper in circulation until it was closed down on 20 February 2003 by the Spanish authorities due to allegations of an illegal association with ETA, the armed Basque separatist group.

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EH Bildu

EH Bildu, short for Euskal Herria Bildu (date or Basque Country Gather) is a leftist, Basque nationalist and pro-independence political coalition active in the Spanish autonomous communities of Basque Country and Navarre.

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Eight-thousander

The eight-thousanders are the 14 independentIn making any "highest mountains" list, one needs to use a criterion to exclude subpeaks and only list independent mountains.

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Enclave and exclave

An enclave is a territory, or a part of a territory, that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state.

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End of Basque home rule in France

The end of Basque home rule or foruak/fors in France was an event putting an end to the secular Basque native institutional and legal system during the French revolutionary period (1790-1795).

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Erromintxela language

Erromintxela is the distinctive language of a group of Romani living in the Basque Country, who also go by the name Erromintxela.

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Esquiule

Esquiule is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

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ETA (separatist group)

ETA, an acronym for Euskadi Ta Askatasuna ("Basque Homeland and Liberty"), was an armed leftist Basque nationalist and separatist organization in the Basque Country (in northern Spain and southwestern France).

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Euro

The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the European Union.

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European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe.

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European Rugby Champions Cup

The European Rugby Champions Cup (known as the Heineken Champions Cup for sponsorship reasons) is an annual rugby union tournament organised by European Professional Club Rugby (EPCR).

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Euskal Herritarrok

Euskal Herritarrok (Basque Citizens, EH) was a Basque independentist and socialist political party in the Basque Country.

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Euskaltel

Euskaltel, S.A. is a Spanish telecommunications company based in Derio, Basque Country.

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Euskaltzaindia

Euskaltzaindia (literally, "group of keepers of the Basque language"; often translated Royal Academy of the Basque Language) is the official academic language regulatory institution which watches over the Basque language.

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Eusko Alkartasuna

Eusko Alkartasuna (Basque Solidarity; Solidaridad Vasca; Solidarité basque) is a Basque nationalist and social-democratic political party operating in Spain and France.

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FC Bayern Munich

Fußball-Club Bayern München e.V., commonly known as FC Bayern München, FCB, Bayern Munich, or FC Bayern, is a German sports club based in Munich, Bavaria (Bayern).

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FIFA World Cup

The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.

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Forward (association football)

Forwards are the players on an association football team who play nearest to the opposing team's goal, and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a military dictator from 1939, after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War, until his death in 1975.

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Franco-Cantabrian region

The Franco-Cantabrian region (also Franco-Cantabric region) is a term applied in archaeology and history to refer to an area that stretches from Asturias, in northern Spain, to Aquitaine and Provence in southern France.

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Francoist Spain

Francoist Spain (España franquista) or the Franco regime (Régimen de Franco), formally known as the Spanish State (Estado Español), is the period of Spanish history between 1939, when Francisco Franco took control of Spain after the Nationalist victory in the Spanish Civil War establishing a dictatorship, and 1975, when Franco died and Prince Juan Carlos was crowned King of Spain.

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Franks

The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum) were a collection of Germanic peoples, whose name was first mentioned in 3rd century Roman sources, associated with tribes on the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, on the edge of the Roman Empire.

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French Basque Country

The French Basque Country, or Northern Basque Country (Iparralde (i.e. 'the Northern Region'), Pays basque français, País Vasco francés) is a region lying on the west of the French department of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Fueros of Navarre

The Fueros of Navarre (Fuero General de Navarra, Nafarroako Foru Orokorra, meaning in English General Charter of Navarre) were the laws of the Kingdom of Navarre up to 1841, tracing its origins to the Early Middle Ages and issued from Basque consuetudinary law prevalent across the (western) Pyrenees.

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Galicians

Galicians (galegos, gallegos) are a national, cultural and ethnic group whose historic homeland is Galicia, in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Garonne

The Garonne (Garonne,; in Occitan, Catalan, and Spanish: Garona; Garumna or Garunna) is a river in southwest France and northern Spain, with a length of.

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Gascon language

Gascon is a dialect of Occitan.

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Gascony

Gascony (Gascogne; Gascon: Gasconha; Gaskoinia) is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution.

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Geroa Bai

Geroa Bai (Yes to the Future) is a regional political coalition in the Navarre constituency, created for the 2011 election to the Cortes Generales.

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Gipuzkoa

Gipuzkoa (in Guipúzcoa) is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the autonomous community of the Basque Country.

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Grade (climbing)

In rock climbing, mountaineering, and other climbing disciplines, climbers give a grade to a climbing route or boulder problem, intended to describe concisely the difficulty and danger of climbing it.

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Gramont, Tarn-et-Garonne

Gramont is a commune in the Tarn-et-Garonne department in the Occitanie region in southern France.

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Greater Bilbao

Greater Bilbao (Basque: Bilboaldea, Spanish: Gran Bilbao) is an administrative division of the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, Spain.

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Green Spain

Green Spain (direct translation into English of the Spanish España Verde) is the name given to a lush natural region in Northern Spain, stretching along the Atlantic coast from the border with Portugal to the border with France.

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Haimar Zubeldia

Haimar Zubeldia Agirre (born 1 April 1977) is a Spanish former road racing cyclist from the Basque Country, who competed professionally between 1998 and 2017 for the,, and teams.

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Hendaye

Hendaye (Basque: Hendaia) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of southwestern France.

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Henry IV of France

Henry IV (Henri IV, read as Henri-Quatre; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.

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Hernani, Gipuzkoa

Hernani is a town and municipality located in the province of Gipuzkoa, Basque Autonomous Community, Spain.

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History of France

The first written records for the history of France appeared in the Iron Age.

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Hondarribia

Hondarribia (Hondarribia; Fuenterrabía; Fontarrabie) is a town situated on the west shore of Bidasoa river's mouth, in Gipuzkoa, in Basque Country, Spain.

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House of Plantagenet

The House of Plantagenet was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France.

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Howard Kendall

Howard Kendall (22 May 1946 – 17 October 2015) was an English footballer and manager.

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Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, over the right to rule the Kingdom of France.

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Iban Mayo

Iban Mayo Diez (born August 19, 1977, in Igorre, Basque Country, Spain) is a former professional road bicycle racer.

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Ikastola

An Ikastola (plural ikastolak) is a type of primary and secondary school in the Basque Autonomous Community, Navarre and (to a much lesser extent) the French Basque Country (see Basque Country) in which pupils are taught either entirely or predominantly in the Basque language.

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Iker Muniain

Iker Muniain Goñi (born 19 December 1992) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Athletic Bilbao mainly as a left winger.

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Ikurriña

The ikurrina flag (in Basque)Euskaltzaindia:, retrieved 2010-10-04.

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Imanol Harinordoquy

Imanol Harinordoquy (born 20 February 1980) is a French-Basque rugby union player who typically plays as a number 8 for Stade Toulousain at club level in the Top 14 and for France internationally.

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Institut géographique national

The Institut national de l’information géographique et forestière (National Institute of Geographic and Forest Information), previously Institut géographique national (National Geographic Institute) or IGN is a French public state administrative establishment founded in 1940 to produce and maintain geographical information for France and its overseas departments and territories.

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Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain)

The Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN), or National Geographic Institute is a Spanish government agency, dependent on the Spanish Ministry of Public Works.

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Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)

The National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, INE) is the official organisation in Spain that collects statistics about demography, economy, and Spanish society.

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Izquierda-Ezkerra

Izquierda-Ezkerra (I-E) is a progressive coalition in the constituency of Navarre, Spain.

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Jai alai

Jai alai (Basque) is a sport involving a ball bounced off a walled space by accelerating it to high speeds with a hand-held device (cesta).

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Javi Martínez

Javier "Javi" Martínez Aginaga (born 2 September 1988) is a Spanish footballer who plays for German club FC Bayern Munich as a defensive midfielder or a central defender.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Joan Perez de Lazarraga

Joan Perez de Lazarraga, Lord of Larrea Tower (1548? – April 11, 1605) was a Basque writer, who was born and died in Larrea, Álava.

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Joanes Leizarraga

Joanes Leizarraga (1506–1601) was a 16th-century Basque priest.

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John Aldridge

John William "Aldo" Aldridge (born 18 September 1958 in Liverpool, England) is a former Republic of Ireland international footballer and football manager.

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Josune Bereziartu

Josune Bereziartu, also known as Josune Bereciartu Urruzola (born January 19, 1972) is a Spanish rock climber.

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Juanito Oiarzabal

Juan Eusebio Oiarzabal Urteaga (born 30 March 1956) commonly known as Juanito Oiarzabal is a noted Spanish Basque mountaineer and has written four books on the subject.

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Jupp Heynckes

Josef "Jupp" Heynckes (born 9 May 1945) is a German retired professional footballer and manager.

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Kalderash

The Kalderash are a subgroup of the Romani people.

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Kévin Rodrigues

Kévin Manuel Rodrigues (born 5 March 1994) is a Portuguese footballer who plays for Spanish club Real Sociedad and the Portugal national team.

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Kingdom of Castile

The Kingdom of Castile (Reino de Castilla, Regnum Castellae) was a large and powerful state on the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.

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Kingdom of Navarre

The Kingdom of Navarre (Nafarroako Erresuma, Reino de Navarra, Royaume de Navarre, Regnum Navarrae), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona (Iruñeko Erresuma), was a Basque-based kingdom that occupied lands on either side of the western Pyrenees, alongside the Atlantic Ocean between present-day Spain and France.

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La Liga

The Primera División, commonly known as La Liga and as La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons with Santander, is the men's top professional football division of the Spanish football league system.

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La Puebla de Arganzón

La Puebla de Arganzón (also written Lapuebla de Arganzón); is a municipality located in the province of Burgos, Castile and León, Spain.

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Labourd

Labourd (Lapurdi in Basque; Lapurdum in Latin; Labord in Gascon) is a former French province and part of the present-day Pyrénées Atlantiques département.

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Language policy

Many countries have a language policy designed to favor or discourage the use of a particular language or set of languages.

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Larry Trask

Robert Lawrence "Larry" Trask (November 10, 1944 – March 27, 2004) was an American–British professor of linguistics at the University of Sussex, and an authority on the Basque language and field of historical linguistics.

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Left-wing politics

Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.

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Liga ACB

The Liga ACB,; "ACB League" known as Liga Endesa; "Endesa League" for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system.

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Lingua franca

A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vernacular language, or link language is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.

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List of Basques

This is a list of notable Basque people.

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List of Constitutions of Spain

Spain has proclaimed a number of Constitutions.

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Lists of active separatist movements

Presented below is a list of lists of active, separatist movements.

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Literal translation

Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the rendering of text from one language to another one word at a time (Latin: "verbum pro verbo") with or without conveying the sense of the original whole.

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Liverpool F.C.

Liverpool Football Club is a professional football club in Liverpool, England, that competes in the Premier League, the top tier of English football.

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Lower Navarre

Lower Navarre (Nafarroa Beherea/Baxenabarre, Gascon/Bearnese: Navarra Baisha, Basse-Navarre, Baja Navarra) is a traditional region of the present-day French département of Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

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Majority

A majority is the greater part, or more than half, of the total.

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Mauléon-Licharre

Mauléon-Licharre or simply Mauléon is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France.

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Mediterranean climate

A Mediterranean climate or dry summer climate is characterized by rainy winters and dry summers.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.

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Miguel Induráin

Miguel Induráin Larraya (born 16 July 1964) is a retired Spanish road racing cyclist.

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Mikel Arteta

Mikel Arteta Amatriain (born 26 March 1982) is a retired Spanish professional footballer who played as a midfielder.

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Mixed language

Although every language is mixed to some extent, by virtue of containing loanwords, it is a matter of controversy whether a term mixed language can meaningfully distinguish the contact phenomena of certain languages (such as those listed below) from the type of contact and borrowing seen in all languages.

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Mondragón

Mondragón (Arrasate or Mondragoe), officially known as Arrasate/Mondragón is a town and municipality in Gipuzkoa province, Basque Country, Spain.

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Mondragon Corporation

The Mondragon Corporation is a corporation and federation of worker cooperatives based in the Basque region of Spain.

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Mondragon University

Mondragon University (officially in Mondragon Unibertsitatea, MU) is a non-profit cooperative private university in the Basque Country, officially established and recognised in 1997.

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Mountaineering

Mountaineering is the sport of mountain climbing.

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Mower

A mower is a person or machine that cuts (mows) grass or other plants that grow on the ground.

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Mundaka

Mundaka (Mundaca) is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the autonomous community of Basque Country, northern Spain.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Nation state

A nation state (or nation-state), in the most specific sense, is a country where a distinct cultural or ethnic group (a "nation" or "people") inhabits a territory and have formed a state (often a sovereign state) that they predominantly govern.

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Nationalities and regions of Spain

Spain is a diverse country integrated by different contrasting entities that show varying economic and social structures, as well as different languages and historical, political and cultural traditions.

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Natural language

In neuropsychology, linguistics, and the philosophy of language, a natural language or ordinary language is any language that has evolved naturally in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation.

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Navarre

Navarre (Navarra, Nafarroa; Navarra), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre (Spanish: Comunidad Foral de Navarra; Basque: Nafarroako Foru Komunitatea), is an autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and Nouvelle-Aquitaine in France.

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Navarre autonomous football team

The Navarre autonomous football team is the regional football team for Navarre, Spain.

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Navarrese People's Union

The Navarrese People's Union (Unión del Pueblo Navarro), abbreviated to UPN, is a regional conservative political party in Navarre, Spain.

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Nervión

The Nervión river (Nerbioi) runs through the city of Bilbao, Spain into the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).

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Novempopulania

Novempopulania (Latin for "country of the nine peoples") was one of the provinces created by Diocletian (Roman emperor from 284 to 305) out of Gallia Aquitania, being also called Aquitania Tertia.

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Oñati

Oñati (Oñati, Oñate, Ognate) is a town located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, in the north of Spain.

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Oceanic climate

An oceanic or highland climate, also known as a marine or maritime climate, is the Köppen classification of climate typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, and generally features cool summers (relative to their latitude) and cool winters, with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature, with the exception for transitional areas to continental, subarctic and highland climates.

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Opus Dei

Opus Dei, formally known as The Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei (Praelatura Sanctae Crucis et Operis Dei), is an institution of the Roman Catholic Church which teaches that everyone is called to holiness and that ordinary life is a path to sanctity.

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Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.

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Pamplona

Pamplona (Pampelune) or Iruña (alternative spelling: Iruñea) is the historical capital city of Navarre, in Spain, and of the former Kingdom of Navarre.

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Patxi Usobiaga

Patxi Usobiaga Lakunza (born September 7, 1980), best known as Patxi Usobiaga, is a Spanish professional rock climber, sports climber and boulderer.

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Pedro Agerre

Pedro Agerre, best known as Axular, was one of the main Basque writers of the 17th century.

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People's Party (Spain)

The People's Party (Partido Popular; known mostly by its acronym, PP) is a conservative and Christian democratic political party in Spain.

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Petilla de Aragón

Petilla de Aragón is a town and municipality of the autonomous community of Navarra, northern Spain.

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Pliny the Elder

Pliny the Elder (born Gaius Plinius Secundus, AD 23–79) was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, a naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and friend of emperor Vespasian.

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Podemos (Spanish political party)

Podemos (translated in English as "We can") is a political party in Spain founded in March 2014 by political scientist Pablo Iglesias in the aftermath of the 15-M Movement protests against inequality and corruption.

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Protohistory

Protohistory is a period between prehistory and history, during which a culture or civilization has not yet developed writing but other cultures have already noted its existence in their own writings.

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Province of Burgos

The province of Burgos is a province of northern Spain, in the northeastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

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Provinces of Spain

Spain and its autonomous communities are divided into fifty provinces (provincias,; sing. provincia).

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Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Pyrénées-Atlantiques (Gascon: Pirenèus-Atlantics; Pirinio Atlantiarrak or Pirinio Atlantikoak) is a department in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, in southwestern France.

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Pyrenees

The Pyrenees (Pirineos, Pyrénées, Pirineus, Pirineus, Pirenèus, Pirinioak) is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between Spain and France.

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Quinqui jargon

Quinqui jargon is associated with quincalleros (tinkers), a semi-nomadic group who live mainly in the northern half of Spain.

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Real Madrid C.F.

Real Madrid Club de Fútbol ("Royal Madrid Football Club"), commonly known as Real Madrid, or simply as Real, is a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain.

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Real Sociedad

Real Sociedad de Fútbol, S.A.D., more commonly referred to as Real Sociedad (Royal Society) or La Real, is a Spanish football club based in the city of San Sebastián, Basque Country, founded on 7 September 1909.

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Real tennis

Real tennis – one of several games sometimes called "the sport of kings" – is the original racquet sport from which the modern game of tennis (originally called "lawn tennis") is derived.

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Real Unión

Real Unión Club de Irún, S.A.D. is a Spanish football club based in Irun, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, in the province of Gipuzkoa, near the border with France.

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Romani people

The Romani (also spelled Romany), or Roma, are a traditionally itinerant ethnic group, living mostly in Europe and the Americas and originating from the northern Indian subcontinent, from the Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and Sindh regions of modern-day India and Pakistan.

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Romantic nationalism

Romantic nationalism (also national romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of nationalism in which the state derives its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs.

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Rugby league

Rugby league football is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field.

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Rugby union

Rugby union, commonly known in most of the world as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century.

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Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port

Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port (literally "Saint John Foot of Pass"; Donibane Garazi; San Juan Pie de Puerto) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France close to Ostabat in the Pyrenean foothills.

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Saint-Palais, Pyrénées-Atlantiques

Saint-Palais is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

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Samuel Sánchez

Samuel "Samu" Sánchez González (born 5 February 1978) is a Spanish professional road bicycle racer, provisionally suspended from the sport after a positive doping test.

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San Sebastián

San Sebastián or Donostia is a coastal city and municipality located in the Basque Autonomous Community, Spain.

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San Sebastián Gipuzkoa BC

San Sebastián Gipuzkoa Basket Club, S.A.D., shortly known as Gipuzkoa Basket or as Delteco GBC for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball club based in San Sebastián, Spain.

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Saski Baskonia

Club Deportivo Saski-Baskonia, S.A.D., commonly known as Saski Baskonia and as Kirolbet Baskonia for sponsorship reasons, is a professional basketball team that is based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.

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Scythe

A scytheOxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1933: Scythe is an agricultural hand tool for mowing grass or reaping crops.

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SD Eibar

Sociedad Deportiva Eibar (in Eibar Kirol Elkartea) is a Spanish football club based in Eibar, Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous Basque Country.

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Second Spanish Republic

The Spanish Republic (República Española), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (Segunda República Española), was the democratic government that existed in Spain from 1931 to 1939.

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Self-determination

The right of people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a jus cogens rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms.

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Separatism

A common definition of separatism is that it is the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group.

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Serge Blanco

Serge Blanco (born 31 August 1958) is a former rugby union footballer who played fullback for Biarritz Olympique and the French national side, gaining 93 caps, 81 of them at fullback.

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Social democracy

Social democracy is a political, social and economic ideology that supports economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal democratic polity and capitalist economy.

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Socialist Party (France)

The Socialist Party (Parti socialiste, PS) is a social-democratic political party in France, and the largest party of the French centre-left.

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Socialist Party of Navarre

The Socialist Party of Navarre (official Spanish language name: Partido Socialista de Navarra) is a regional branch of the mainstream Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), main centre-left party in Spain since the 1970s.

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Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left

The Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (Euskadiko Alderdi Sozialista – Euskadiko Ezkerra, Partido Socialista de Euskadi – Euskadiko Ezkerra, PSE-EE) is a social-democratic political party in the Basque country that acts as the regional affiliate of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

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Socialists' Party of Catalonia

The Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC–PSOE official acronym) is a social-democratic political party in Catalonia, Spain resulting from the merger of two parties Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping led by Josep Pallach i Carolà and Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress and also the Catalan Federation of the PSOE.

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Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.

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Sortu

Sortu (Create) is a Basque socialist political party.

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Soule

Soule (Basque: Zuberoa; Zuberoan Basque: Xiberoa or Xiberua; Gascon: Sola) is a former viscounty and French province and part of the present day Pyrénées-Atlantiques département.

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Southern Basque Country

The Southern Basque Country (Hegoalde, Hego Euskal Herria; Hegoalde, País Vasco y Navarra, País Vasco peninsular) is a term used to refer to the Basque territories within Spain as a unified whole.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spain national football team

The Spain national football team (Selección de fútbol de España) represents Spain in men's International association football and is controlled by the Royal Spanish Football Federation, the governing body for football in Spain.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.

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Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre

Spanish conquest of the Iberian part of Navarre was commenced by Ferdinand II of Aragon and completed by Charles V in a series of military campaigns extending from 1512 to 1524, while the war lasted until 1528 in the Navarre to the north of the Pyrenees.

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Spanish football league system

The football league system in Spain consists of several leagues bound together hierarchically by promotion and relegation.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Spanish Socialist Workers' Party

The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español; PSOE) is a social-democraticThe PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources.

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Squash (sport)

Squash is a ball sport played by two (singles) or four players (doubles squash) in a four-walled court with a small, hollow rubber ball.

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Standard Basque

Standard Basque (euskara batua or simply batua) is a standardised version of the Basque language, developed by the Basque Language Academy in the late 1960s, which nowadays is the most widely and commonly spoken Basque-language version throughout the Basque Country.

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State school

State schools (also known as public schools outside England and Wales)In England and Wales, some independent schools for 13- to 18-year-olds are known as 'public schools'.

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Stéphane Ruffier

Stéphane Ruffier (born 27 September 1986) is a French football player who plays as a goalkeeper for Ligue 1 club AS Saint-Étienne.

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Strabo

Strabo (Στράβων Strábōn; 64 or 63 BC AD 24) was a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in Asia Minor during the transitional period of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.

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Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.

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Suburates

The Suburates (also named Sibulates) were a pre-Roman tribe of the Aquitani, settled in what today is the historical territory of Soule (in Basque Xiberoa), in the Northern Basque Country.

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Surfing

Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.

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Tarbelli

The Tarbelli were an Aquitani pre-Roman tribe settled in what today is southwestern France, in the region between the river Adour and the Pyrenees.

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Tardets-Sorholus

Tardets-Sorholus is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

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Tour de France

The Tour de France is an annual male multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.

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Trail running

Trail running is a sport/activity which consists of running and hiking over trails.

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Treviño enclave

The Treviño Enclave (Trebiñuko Barrendegia Enclave de Treviño) in northern Spain is part of the territory of the province of Burgos (part of Castile and León), but is completely surrounded by the territory of the Basque Country province of Álava.

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UCI Road World Championships

The UCI Road World Championships are the annual world championships for bicycle road racing organized by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI).

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UCI WorldTeam

A UCI WorldTeam (2015–present), previously UCI ProTeam (2005–2014), is the term used by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) to name a cycling team of the highest category in professional road cycling, the UCI World Tour or UCI ProTour, respectively.

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UEFA Champions League

The UEFA Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and contested by top-division European clubs.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Union for a Popular Movement

The Union for a Popular Movement (Union pour un mouvement populaire; UMP) was a centre-right political party in France that was one of the two major contemporary political parties in France along with the centre-left Socialist Party (PS).

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United Left (Spain)

United Left (Izquierda Unida, IU) is a political coalition that was organized in 1986, bringing together several left-wing and far-left political organizations.

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University of Deusto

The University of Deusto (Universidad de Deusto; Deustuko Unibertsitatea) is a Spanish private university owned by the Society of Jesus, with campuses in Bilbao and San Sebastián, and the Deusto Business School branch in Madrid.

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University of Helsinki

The University of Helsinki (Helsingin yliopisto, Helsingfors universitet, Universitas Helsingiensis, abbreviated UH) is a university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but was founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish Åbo) in 1640 as the Royal Academy of Åbo, at that time part of the Swedish Empire.

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University of Navarra

The University of Navarra is a private not-for-profit university located on the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain.

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University of Nevada, Reno

The University of Nevada, Reno (also referred to as Nevada, the University of Nevada or UNR) is a public research university located in Reno, Nevada.

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University of Oñati

The University of Oñati (in Basque Oñatiko Unibertsitatea; in Spanish Universidad de Oñate), the official name being the University of the Holy Spirit (Sancti Spiritus), was a University founded in 1540 and located in the Basque town of Oñati in Spain.

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University of the Basque Country

The University of the Basque Country (Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, EHU; Universidad del País Vasco, UPV; UPV/EHU) is the public university of the Basque Autonomous Community.

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University of Valladolid

The University of Valladolid is a public university in the city of Valladolid, province of Valladolid, in the autonomous region of Castile and Leon, Spain.

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Untranslatability

Untranslatability is a property of a text, or of any utterance, in one language, for which no equivalent text or utterance can be found in another language when translated.

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Ustaritz

Ustaritz (Uztaritze) is a town in the traditional Basque province of Labourd, now a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

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Valle de Villaverde

Valle de Villaverde (also, until 2005, Villaverde de Trucíos, cantabria102municipios.com. Accessed online 2010-01-04.) is a town and municipality located in the autonomous community of Cantabria, Spain.

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Varduli

The Varduli were a pre-Roman tribe settled in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, in what today is the eastern region of the autonomous community of the Basque Country and western Navarre, in northern Spain.

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Vascones

The Vascones (singular Vasco, in the Spanish-language Auñamendi Encyclopedia. from Latin gens Vasconum) were a pre-Roman tribe who, on the arrival of the Romans in the 1st century, inhabited a territory that spanned between the upper course of the Ebro river and the southern basin of the western Pyrenees, a region that coincides with present-day Navarre, western Aragon and northeastern La Rioja, in the Iberian Peninsula.

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Vichy France

Vichy France (Régime de Vichy) is the common name of the French State (État français) headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.

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Villava

Villava (Atarrabia) is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

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Visigoths

The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, Wisi; Visigoti) were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths.

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Vitoria-Gasteiz

Vitoria-Gasteiz is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Autonomous Community and of the province of Araba/Álava in northern Spain.

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Vuelta a España

The Vuelta a España (Tour of Spain) is an annual multi-stage bicycle race primarily held in Spain, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries.

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War of the Bands

The War of the Bands (Bando gerrak, Guerra de los Bandos) was a civil war, really an extended series of blood feuds, in the western Basque Country, Gascony, and Navarre in the Late Middle Ages.

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Xabi Alonso

Xabier "Xabi" Alonso Olano (born 25 November 1981) is a Spanish former footballer who played as a central midfielder.

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Xining

Xining (Xīníng; ཟི་ལིང་། Ziling) is the capital of Qinghai province in western China, and the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau.

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Zazpiak Bat

Zazpiak Bat is a heraldic nickname for the Basque coat of arms which includes the arms of the seven provinces mentioned, stressing their unity.

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Zegama

Zegama, popularly known as "The shadow of Aizkorri", is a town and municipality in the Goierri region of the province of Gipuzkoa, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country, northern Spain.

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Zegama-Aizkorri

The Zegama-Aizkorri (also known a Zegama-Aizkorri Maratoia or Maratòn Alpina Zegama-Aizkorri) is an international skyrunning competition held for the first time in 2002.

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.eus

.eus is the top-level domain for the Basque language.

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1983–84 La Liga

The 1983–84 La Liga season, the 53rd since its establishment, started on September 3, 1983, and finished on April 29, 1984.

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1998 FIFA World Cup

The 1998 FIFA World Cup was the 16th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national association football teams.

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Redirects here:

Basque Country (greater area), Basque Country (historical territory), Basque regions, Basqueland, Euskal Herria, Euskal herria, The Basque Country.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)

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