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180 relations: Abdication, Adolf Eichmann, Adolf Hitler, Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Alexander Belev, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia, Anthony Eden, Anti-Defamation League, Arabakonak, Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen, Army Group Mackensen (Romania), Assisi, August von Mackensen, Axis powers, Balkan Wars, Benito Mussolini, Blue Division, Bogdan Filov, Bolsheviks, Borisova gradina, Bulgaria, Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934, Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Catholic Church, Chabad, Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, Charles II, Duke of Parma, Charles III, Duke of Parma, Colonel, Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf, Crown of thorns, Daniel Zion, Danube, Debar Municipality, Dimitar Peshev, Dobruja, East Prussia, Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Orthodox Church, Erich Ludendorff, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies, Ferencz József Koháry de Csábrág, Field marshal, Francis I of the Two Sicilies, Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Franz Joseph I of Austria, Giovanna of Italy, Grand Cross of the Iron Cross, ..., Greece, Hans Eppinger, History of Bulgaria, History of the Jews in Bulgaria, History of the Jews in France, Holy See, House of Bourbon-Parma, House of Habsburg, House of Hohenzollern, House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, House of Wettin, House of Wittelsbach, Howard Sachar, Hungary, Imperial Guard (Russia), Incident at Petrich, Ioannis Metaxas, Istanbul, Jews, Kętrzyn, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of Montenegro, Kingdom of Romania, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Kyustendil, Law for Protection of the Nation, League of Nations, Legion of Honour, Liaison officer, Lieutenant general, List of Bulgarian monarchs, List of Imperial German infantry regiments, Loris Francesco Capovilla, Louis Philippe I, Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans, Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois, Macedonia (region), Macedonian Front, Majdanek concentration camp, Majesty, Major general, María Isabella of Spain, Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág, Maria Antonia of Waldstein-Wartenberg, Maria Carolina of Austria, Maria Teresa of Savoy (1803–1879), Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867), Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchesse de Berry, National Guards Unit of Bulgaria, Nazi concentration camps, Nazi Germany, Nicholas II of Russia, Nuremberg Laws, Old Style and New Style dates, Order of Bravery, Order of Carol I, Order of Civil Merit (Bulgaria), Order of Karađorđe's Star, Order of Leopold (Belgium), Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria), Order of Prince Danilo I, Order of Saint Alexander (Bulgaria), Order of Saint Anna, Order of Saint Hubert, Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Order of St. Andrew, Order of the Red Eagle, Order of the White Eagle (Poland), Orders, decorations, and medals of Bulgaria, Palestine (region), Papal diplomacy, Petar Gabrovski, Plovdiv, Poland, Pope John XXIII, Prince August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Prince Kiril of Bulgaria, Princess Clémentine of Orléans, Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg, Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1849–1882), Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma, Princess Marie Louise of Bulgaria, Principality of Bulgaria, Quartermaster general, Rila Monastery, Robert I, Duke of Parma, Romania during World War I, Royal Air Force, Royal Victorian Order, Russian Empire, Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, Saint Petersburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Second Balkan War, Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Slovakia, Sofia, Sofia Airport, Soviet Union, St Nedelya Church assault, Stefan Toshev, Stephane Groueff, Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, Theodor Dannecker, Third Army (Bulgaria), Thrace, Time (magazine), Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Treaty of Versailles, Treblinka extermination camp, United States Army Air Forces, United States Congress, Vardar Macedonia, Vardar Offensive, Varna, Venice, Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Vrana Palace, Wehrmacht, Western Thrace, World War I, World War II, Yugoslavia, Zveno. Expand index (130 more) »
Abdication
Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority.
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Adolf Eichmann
Otto Adolf Eichmann (19 March 1906 – 1 June 1962) was a German Nazi SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) and one of the major organizers of the Holocaust.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
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Aleksandar Stamboliyski
Aleksandar Stamboliyski (Александър Стоименов Стамболийски, variously transliterated such as Aleksandar/Alexander Stamboliyski/Stamboliiski/Stamboliski) (March 1, 1879 – June 14, 1923) was the prime minister of Bulgaria from 1919 until 1923.
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Alexander Belev
Alexander Belev (Александър Белев) (1898, Lom, Bulgaria – 9 September 1944, Bulgaria) was the Bulgarian commissar of Jewish Affairs during World War II, famous with his antisemitic and strongly nationalistic views.
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Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, Sofia
The St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (Храм-паметник "Свети Александър Невски", Hram-pametnik "Sveti Aleksandar Nevski") is a Bulgarian Orthodox cathedral in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.
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Anthony Eden
Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, (12 June 1897 – 14 January 1977) was a British Conservative politician who served three periods as Foreign Secretary and then a relatively brief term as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1955 to 1957.
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Anti-Defamation League
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL; formerly known as the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith) is an international Jewish non-governmental organization based in the United States.
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Arabakonak
Arabakonak (Арабаконак) or Botevgrad Pass is a mountain pass through the Balkan Mountains connecting Sofia with Botevgrad and Northern Bulgaria.
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Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (German: Erzherzog Carl Ludwig Johann Joseph Laurentius von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen; 5 September 177130 April 1847) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of Emperor Leopold II and his wife, Maria Luisa of Spain.
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Army Group Mackensen (Romania)
The Army Group Mackensen (German: Heeresgruppe Mackensen) which operated against Romania between 28 August 1916 and 7 May 1918 during World War I under the command of Field Marshal Mackensen, was an Army Group of the German Army.
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Assisi
Assisi (from the Asisium) is a town and comune of Italy in the Province of Perugia in the Umbria region, on the western flank of Monte Subasio. It is generally regarded as the birthplace of the Latin poet Propertius, born around 50–45 BC. It is the birthplace of St. Francis, who founded the Franciscan religious order in the town in 1208, and St. Clare (Chiara d'Offreducci), the founder of the Poor Sisters, which later became the Order of Poor Clares after her death. The 19th-century Saint Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows was also born in Assisi.
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August von Mackensen
Anton Ludwig August von Mackensen (6 December 1849 – 8 November 1945), born August Mackensen, was a German field marshal.
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Axis powers
The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.
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Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars (Balkan Savaşları, literally "the Balkan Wars" or Balkan Faciası, meaning "the Balkan Tragedy") consisted of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in 1912 and 1913.
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Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF).
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Blue Division
The Blue Division (División Azul, Blaue Division), officially designated as División Española de Voluntarios by the Spanish Army and 250.
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Bogdan Filov
Bogdan Dimitrov Filov (Богдан Димитров Филов) (10 April 1883 – 1 February 1945) was a Bulgarian archaeologist, art historian and politician.
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Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
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Borisova gradina
Borisova gradina or Knyaz-Borisova gradina (Борисова градина or Княз-Борисова градина, translated as Boris' Garden or Knyaz Boris' Garden) is the oldest and best known park in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.
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Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934
The Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934, also known as the 19 May coup d'état (Деветнадесетомайски преврат, Devetnadesetomayski prevrat), was a coup d'état in the Kingdom of Bulgaria carried out by the Zveno military organization and the Military Union with the aid of the Bulgarian Army.
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Bulgarian Orthodox Church
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква, Balgarska pravoslavna tsarkva) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Chabad
Chabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch, is an Orthodox Jewish, Hasidic movement.
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Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
Charles Ferdinand d'Artois, Duke of Berry (24 January 1778 – 14 February 1820) was the third child and youngest son of the future King of France, Charles X, and his wife, Princess Maria Theresa of Savoy.
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Charles II, Duke of Parma
Charles Louis (Carlo Ludovico; 22 December 1799 – 16 April 1883) was King of Etruria (1803–1807; reigned as Louis II), Duke of Lucca (1824–1847; reigned as Charles I), and Duke of Parma (1847–1849; reigned as Charles II).
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Charles III, Duke of Parma
Charles III (Carlo III di Borbone, Duca di Parma e Piacenza; 14 January 1823 – 27 March 1854) was Duke of Parma from 1849 to 1854.
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Colonel
Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.
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Countess Augusta Reuss of Ebersdorf
Countess Augusta Caroline Sophie Reuss-Ebersdorf (19 January 1757 – 16 November 1831), was by marriage the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.
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Crown of thorns
According to three of the canonical Gospels, a woven crown of thorns was placed on the head of Jesus during the events leading up to the crucifixion of Jesus.
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Daniel Zion
Daniel S. Zion, (Tsion, Tzion or Ziyon), (דניאל ציון),(Salonika, 3 August 1883 – Jaffa, Israel, 13 November 1979), was an Orthodox rabbi, Kabbalist and a political activist.
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Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
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Debar Municipality
Debar (Дебар, Dibra) is a municipality in western part of Republic of Macedonia.
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Dimitar Peshev
Dimitar Peshev (Димитър Пешев) (25 June 1894 – 20 February 1973) was the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Bulgaria and Minister of Justice (1935-1936), before World War II.
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Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (Добруджа, transliterated: Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea or; Dobruca) is a historical region in Eastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.
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East Prussia
East Prussia (Ostpreußen,; Prusy Wschodnie; Rytų Prūsija; Borussia orientalis; Восточная Пруссия) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.
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Eastern Front (World War II)
The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Erich Ludendorff
Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German general, the victor of the Battle of Liège and the Battle of Tannenberg.
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Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand I (Фердинанд I; 26 February 1861 – 10 September 1948),Louda, 1981, ''Lines of Succession'', Table 149 born Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was the second monarch of the Third Bulgarian State, firstly as knyaz (ruling prince) from 1887 to 1908, and later as tsar (emperor) from 1908 until his abdication in 1918.
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Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand I (12 January 1751 – 4 January 1825), was the King of the Two Sicilies from 1816, after his restoration following victory in the Napoleonic Wars.
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Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Ferdinand II (Ferdinando Carlo; Ferdinannu Carlu; 12 January 1810 – 22 May 1859) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until his early death in 1859.
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Ferencz József Koháry de Csábrág
Ferenc József, 1st Prince Koháry de Csábrág et Szitnya (4 September 1767 in Vienna – 27 June 1826 in Oroszvár), was a Hungarian magnate and statesman.
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Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is a very senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks.
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Francis I of the Two Sicilies
Francis I of the Two Sicilies (Francesco Gennaro Giuseppe; 19 August 1777 – 8 November 1830) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1825 to 1830.
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Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (Coburg, 15 July 1750 – Coburg, 9 December 1806), was one of the ruling Thuringian dukes of the House of Wettin.
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Franz Joseph I of Austria
Franz Joseph I also Franz Josef I or Francis Joseph I (Franz Joseph Karl; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and monarch of other states in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death.
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Giovanna of Italy
Giovanna of Italy (Йоанна Савойска, Giovanna Elisabetta Antonia Romana Maria) (13 November 1907 – 26 February 2000) was the Tsaritsa of Bulgaria.
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Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
The Grand Cross of the Iron Cross was a decoration intended for victorious generals of the Prussian Army and its allies.
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Greece
No description.
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Hans Eppinger
Hans Eppinger Jr. (5 January 1879, Prague, Royal Bohemia, Austria-Hungary – 25 September 1946, Vienna) was an Austrian physician who performed experiments upon concentration camp prisoners.
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History of Bulgaria
The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin.
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History of the Jews in Bulgaria
Jews have had a continuous presence in historic Bulgarian lands since before the 2nd century CE, and have often played an important part in the history of Bulgaria.
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History of the Jews in France
The history of the Jews in France deals with the Jews and Jewish communities in France.
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Holy See
The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.
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House of Bourbon-Parma
The House of Bourbon-Parma (Casa di Borbone di Parma) is an Italian royal and ducal family and cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca.
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House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.
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House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a dynasty of former princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania.
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House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (German: Haus Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) is a German dynasty that ruled the duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was one of the Ernestine duchies.
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House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry
The House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry is the Catholic cadet branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, founded after the marriage of Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág.
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House of Wettin
The House of Wettin is a dynasty of German counts, dukes, prince-electors and kings that once ruled territories in the present-day German states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.
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House of Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria.
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Howard Sachar
Howard Morley Sachar (February 10, 1928 – April 18, 2018) was an American historian.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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Imperial Guard (Russia)
The Russian Imperial Guard, officially known as the Leib Guard (Лейб-гвардия leyb-gvardiya, from German Leib "Body"; cf. Life Guards / Bodyguard) were military units serving as personal guards of the Emperor of Russia.
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Incident at Petrich
The Incident at Petrich, or the War of the Stray Dog, was a Greek–Bulgarian crisis in 1925, in which there was a short invasion of Bulgaria by Greece near the border town of Petrich, after the killing of a Greek captain and a sentry by Bulgarian soldiers.
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Ioannis Metaxas
Ioannis Metaxas (Ιωάννης Μεταξάς; 12 April 1871 – 29 January 1941) was a Greek military officer and politician, serving as Prime Minister of Greece from 1936 until his death in 1941.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Kętrzyn
Kętrzyn (Rastenburg; former Polish name: Rastembork), is a town in northeastern Poland with 28,351 inhabitants (2004).
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Kingdom of Bulgaria
The Kingdom of Bulgaria (Царство България, Tsarstvo Bǎlgariya), also referred to as the Tsardom of Bulgaria and the Third Bulgarian Tsardom, was a constitutional monarchy in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908 when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a kingdom.
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Kingdom of Italy
The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic.
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Kingdom of Montenegro
The Kingdom of Montenegro (Serbian: Краљевина Црнa Горa / Kraljevina Crna Gora), was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present day Montenegro, during the tumultuous years on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Legally it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice.
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Kingdom of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe which existed from 1881, when prince Carol I of Romania was proclaimed King, until 1947, when King Michael I of Romania abdicated and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic.
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Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian, Slovene: Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; Кралство Југославија) was a state in Southeast Europe and Central Europe, that existed from 1918 until 1941, during the interwar period and beginning of World War II.
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Kyustendil
Kyustendil (Кюстендил) is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, the capital of the Kyustendil Province, a former bishopric and present Latin Catholic titular see.
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Law for Protection of the Nation
The Law for protection of the nation (Закон за защита на нацията — ЗЗН) was a Bulgarian law, effective from 23 January 1941 to 27 November 1944, which directed measures against Jews and others.
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League of Nations
The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
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Legion of Honour
The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.
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Liaison officer
A liaison officer is a person who liaises between two organizations to communicate and coordinate their activities.
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Lieutenant general
Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries.
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List of Bulgarian monarchs
The monarchs of Bulgaria ruled the country during three periods of its history as an independent country: from the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681 to the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria in 1018; from the Uprising of Asen and Peter that established the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185 to the annexation of the rump Bulgarian principality into the Ottoman Empire in 1422; and from the re-establishment of an independent Bulgaria in 1878 to the abolition of monarchy in a manipulated referendum held on 15 September 1946.
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List of Imperial German infantry regiments
This is a List of Imperial German infantry regiments before and during World War I. In peacetime, the Imperial German Army included 217 regiments of infantry (plus the instruction unit, ''Lehr'' Infantry Battalion).
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Loris Francesco Capovilla
Loris Francesco Capovilla (14 October 1915 – 26 May 2016) was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate and a cardinal.
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Louis Philippe I
Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 as the leader of the Orléanist party.
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Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans (13 April 17476 November 1793), most commonly known as Philippe, was born at the Château de Saint-Cloud.
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Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon-Penthièvre, Duchess of Orléans (13 March 1753 – 23 June 1821), was the daughter of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre and of Princess Maria Theresa Felicitas of Modena.
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Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois
Louise Marie Thérèse d'Artois (Louise Marie Thérèse; 21 September 1819 – 1 February 1864) was a duchess and later a regent of Parma.
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Macedonia (region)
Macedonia is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan peninsula in southeastern Europe.
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Macedonian Front
The Macedonian Front, also known as the Salonica Front (after Thessaloniki), was a military theatre of World War I formed as a result of an attempt by the Allied Powers to aid Serbia, in the fall of 1915, against the combined attack of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria.
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Majdanek concentration camp
Majdanek, or KL Lublin, was a German concentration and extermination camp built and operated by the SS on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.
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Majesty
Majesty (abbreviation HM, oral address Your Majesty) is an English word derived ultimately from the Latin maiestas, meaning greatness, and used as a style by many monarchs, usually kings or sultanss.
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Major general
Major general (abbreviated MG, Maj. Gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries.
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María Isabella of Spain
Maria Isabella of Spain (María Isabel de Borbón y Borbón-Parma 6 July 1789 – 13 September 1848) was an infanta of Spain and Queen consort of the Two Sicilies.
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Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily (Maria Amalia Teresa; 26 April 1782 – 24 March 1866) was a French queen by marriage to Louis Philippe I, King of the French.
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Maria Antonia Koháry de Csábrág
Princess Mária Antónia von Koháry (2 July 1797 – 25 September 1862) was a Hungarian noblewoman and the ancestor of several European monarchs.
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Maria Antonia of Waldstein-Wartenberg
Countess Maria Antoinetta Josefa Johanna Baptista of Waldstein-Wartenberg (Vienna, 29/31 March 1771 – Vienna, 17 January 1854) was a Bohemian noble and maternal grandmother of Ferdinand II of Portugal.
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Maria Carolina of Austria
Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Karolina Luise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV & III.
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Maria Teresa of Savoy (1803–1879)
Maria Teresa of Savoy, (Maria Teresa Fernanda Felicitas Gaetana Pia; 19 September 1803 – 16 July 1879) was Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza by marriage to Charles II, Duke of Parma (Duke Charles I of Lucca).
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Maria Theresa of Austria (1816–1867)
Maria Theresa of Austria (Maria Theresia Isabella; 31 July 1816 – 8 August 1867) was the second wife of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies.
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Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchesse de Berry
Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchesse de Berry (Maria Carolina Ferdinanda Luise; 5 November 1798 – 17 April 1870) was an Italian princess of the House of Bourbon who married into the French royal family, and was the mother of Henri, Count of Chambord.
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National Guards Unit of Bulgaria
The National Guards Unit of Bulgaria (Национална гвардейска част на България) is a unique Bulgarian military formation of regimental size, directly subordinated to the Minister of Defence.
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Nazi concentration camps
Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nicholas II of Russia
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (r; 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas II of Russia in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917.
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Nuremberg Laws
The Nuremberg Laws (Nürnberger Gesetze) were antisemitic and racial laws in Nazi Germany.
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Old Style and New Style dates
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) are terms sometimes used with dates to indicate that the calendar convention used at the time described is different from that in use at the time the document was being written.
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Order of Bravery
The Order of Bravery (Орден за Храброст) is a Bulgarian order during the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Republic of Bulgaria.
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Order of Carol I
The Order of Carol I (Romanian: Ordinul Carol I) was the highest ranking of the Romanian honours of the Kingdom of Romania until the abolition of the monarchy in 1947.
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Order of Civil Merit (Bulgaria)
The Order of Civil Merit was an Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
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Order of Karađorđe's Star
The Order of Karađorđe's Star (italic) is Serbia's highest civilian and military decoration.
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Order of Leopold (Belgium)
The Order of Leopold (Leopoldsorde, Ordre de Léopold) is one of the three current Belgian national honorary orders of knighthood.
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Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria)
The Order of Military Merit (Орден за Военна Заслуга) is a Bulgarian order during the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Republic of Bulgaria.
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Order of Prince Danilo I
The Order of Prince Danilo I of Montenegro (Montenegrin: Орден Књаза Данила I, Orden Knjaza Danila I) was an order of the Principality, and later Kingdom, of Montenegro.
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Order of Saint Alexander (Bulgaria)
The Order of St Alexander (Орден "Свети Александър") was the second highest Bulgarian order during the Kingdom of Bulgaria.
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Order of Saint Anna
The Order of Saint Anna (Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Ann" or "Order of Saint Anne") was established as a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia.
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Order of Saint Hubert
The Royal Order of Saint Hubert is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood founded in 1444 or 1445 by Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg.
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Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
The Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen (Magyar Királyi Szent István Iovagrend; Königlich Ungarischer Sankt-Stephans-Orden) was an order of knighthood founded by Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa in 1764.
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Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius
The Order of Saints Cyril and Methodius is an award conferred by the Republic of Bulgaria.
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Order of St. Andrew
The Order of St.
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Order of the Red Eagle
The Order of the Red Eagle (Roter Adlerorden) was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia.
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Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
The Order of the White Eagle (Order Orła Białego) is Poland's highest order awarded to both civilians and the military for their merits.
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Orders, decorations, and medals of Bulgaria
Orders, decorations and medals of Bulgaria are regulated by the law on the Orders and Medals of the Republic Of Bulgaria of 29 May 2003.
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Palestine (region)
Palestine (فلسطين,,; Παλαιστίνη, Palaistinē; Palaestina; פלשתינה. Palestina) is a geographic region in Western Asia.
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Papal diplomacy
Nuncio (officially known as an Apostolic nuncio and also known as a papal nuncio) is the title for an ecclesiastical diplomat, being an envoy or permanent diplomatic representative of the Holy See to a state or international organization.
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Petar Gabrovski
Petar Dimitrov Gabrovski (9 July 1898 – 1 February 1945) was a Bulgarian politician who briefly served as Prime Minister during the Second World War.
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Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Пловдив) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria, with a city population of 341,000 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Pope John XXIII
Pope John XXIII (Ioannes; Giovanni; born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,; 25 November 18813 June 1963) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014.
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Prince August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
August Victor Louis of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (August Viktor Ludwig; 13 June 1818 – 26 July 1881), was a German prince of the Catholic House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry.
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Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Ferdinand Georg August; 28 March 1785 – 27 August 1851) was a German prince of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and a general of cavalry in the Austrian Imperial and Royal Army during the Napoleonic Wars.
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Prince Kiril of Bulgaria
Prince Kyril of Bulgaria, Prince of Preslav (Kyril Heinrich Franz Ludwig Anton Karl Philipp; 17 November 1895 – 1 February 1945) was the second son of Ferdinand I of Bulgaria and his first wife Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma.
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Princess Clémentine of Orléans
Princess Clémentine of Orléans (Marie Clémentine Léopoldine Caroline Clotilde d'Orléans) (6 March 1817 – 16 February 1907), princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and duchess in Saxony, was the sixth child of ten and youngest daughter of Louis-Philippe I, King of the French, and his wife Maria Amalia of the Two Sicilies.
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Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg
Henrietta Alexandrine Friederike Wilhelmine of Nassau-Weilburg, then of Nassau (areas now part of Germany) (30 October 1797 Palace Ermitage, Bayreuth – 29 December 1829, Vienna) was the wife of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen.
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Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1849–1882)
Maria Pia of the Two Sicilies (2 August 1849 – 29 September 1882) was a Princess of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and titular Duchess consort of Parma as the wife of Robert I, Duke of Parma.
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Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma
Princess Maria Luisa of Bourbon-Parma (Marie Louise Pia Theresa Anna Ferdinanda Francisca Antonia Margaret Josepha Carolina Blanche Lucia Apollonia;17 January 1870 – 31 January 1899) was the eldest daughter of Robert I, the last reigning Duke of Parma.
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Princess Marie Louise of Bulgaria
Princess Maria Louise of Bulgaria (Княгиня Мария Луиза Българска; born 13 January 1932, Sofia) is the daughter of Tsar Boris III and Tsaritsa Ioanna and the older sister of Simeon II of Bulgaria.
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Principality of Bulgaria
The Principality of Bulgaria (Княжество България, Knyazhestvo Balgariya) was a de facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
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Quartermaster general
A quartermaster general is the staff officer in charge of supplies for a whole army.
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Rila Monastery
The Monastery of Saint Ivan of Rila, better known as the Rila Monastery (Рилски манастир, Rilski manastir) is the largest and most famous Eastern Orthodox monastery in Bulgaria.
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Robert I, Duke of Parma
Robert I (Italian: Roberto I Carlo Luigi Maria di Borbone, Duca di Parma e Piacenza; 9 July 1848 – 16 November 1907) was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 to 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the Risorgimento.
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Romania during World War I
The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the only oil fields in Europe, and Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. King Carol favored Germany but after his death in 1914, King Ferdinand and the nation's political elite favored the Entente. For Romania, the highest priority was taking Transylvania from Hungary, with its 3,000,000 Romanians. The Allies wanted Romania to join its side in order to cut the rail communications between Germany and Turkey, and to cut off Germany's oil supplies. Britain made loans, France sent a military training mission, and Russia promised modern munitions. The Allies promised at least 200,000 soldiers to defend Romania against Bulgaria to the south, and help it invade Austria. The Romanian campaign was part of the Balkan theatre of World War I, with Romania and Russia allied with Britain and France against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria, and Turkey. Fighting took place from August 1916 to December 1917 across most of present-day Romania, including Transylvania, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire at the time, as well as in southern Dobruja, which is currently part of Bulgaria. Despite initial successes, the Romanian forces (aided by Russia) suffered massive setbacks, and by the end of 1916 only Moldavia remained. After several defensive victories in 1917, with Russia's withdrawal from the war following the October Revolution, Romania, almost completely surrounded by the Central Powers, was also forced to drop out of the war; it signed the Treaty of Bucharest with the Central Powers in May 1918. On 10 November 1918, just one day before the German armistice and after all the other Central Powers had already capitulated, Romania re-entered the war after the successful Allied advances on the Macedonian Front.
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Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.
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Royal Victorian Order
The Royal Victorian Order (Ordre royal de Victoria) is a dynastic order of knighthood established in 1896 by Queen Victoria.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
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Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
The Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George (Sacro militare ordine costantiniano di San Giorgio) is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood founded 1520–1545 by two brothers belonging to the Angeli Comneni family.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha), or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, was an Ernestine duchy ruled by a branch of the House of Wettin, consisting of territories in the present-day states of Bavaria and Thuringia in Germany.
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Second Balkan War
The Second Balkan War was a conflict which broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 16 (O.S.) / 29 (N.S.) June 1913.
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Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
Simeon II of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Симеон Борисов Сакскобургготски, (transliteration: Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski) or Цар Симеон II (Tsar Simeon II); Wettin; Simeone di Sassonia-Coburgo-Gotha; born 16 June 1937) is the last reigning Bulgarian monarch and later served as Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 2001 to 2005.
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Slovakia
Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.
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Sofia
Sofia (Со́фия, tr.) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.
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Sofia Airport
Sofia Airport (Летище София, Letishte Sofiya) is the main international airport of Bulgaria located east from the centre of the capital city Sofia.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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St Nedelya Church assault
The St Nedelya Church assault was a terrorist attack on St Nedelya Church in Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Stefan Toshev
Stefan Toshev (Стефан Тошев) (18 December 1859 – 27 November 1924) was a Bulgarian general, from World War I. His mother was a teacher from the period of the National Revival.
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Stephane Groueff
Stephane Groueff (May 22, 1922 – May 2, 2006) May 22, 2006 was a writer, journalist and a political refugee, born in Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (French: Ordre suprême de la Très Sainte Annonciade, Italian: Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata) is a Roman Catholic order of knighthood, originating in Savoy.
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Theodor Dannecker
Theodor Dannecker (27 March 1913 – 10 December 1945) was an SS Hauptsturmführer (Captain), and an associate of Adolf Eichmann.
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Third Army (Bulgaria)
The Bulgarian Third Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II.
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Thrace
Thrace (Modern Θράκη, Thráki; Тракия, Trakiya; Trakya) is a geographical and historical area in southeast Europe, now split between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south and the Black Sea to the east.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine
The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine required Bulgaria to cede various territories, after Bulgaria had been one of the Central Powers defeated in World War I. The treaty was signed on 27 November 1919 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.
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Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.
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Treblinka extermination camp
Treblinka was an extermination camp, built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II.
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United States Army Air Forces
The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF), informally known as the Air Force, was the aerial warfare service of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II (1939/41–1945), successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force of today, one of the five uniformed military services.
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United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.
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Vardar Macedonia
Vardar Macedonia (Macedonian and Вардарска Македонија, Vardarska Makedonija) was the name given to the territory of Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Yugoslavia roughly corresponding to today's Republic of Macedonia.
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Vardar Offensive
The Vardar Offensive (Офанзива при Вардар) was a World War I military operation, fought between 15 and 29 September 1918.
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Varna
Varna (Варна, Varna) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.
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Venice
Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
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Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia; Vittorio Emanuele III, Viktor Emanueli III; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was the King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946.
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Vrana Palace
Vrana Palace (Дворец „Врана“, Dvorets „Vrana“) is a former royal palace, located on the outskirts of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria.
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Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".
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Western Thrace
Western Thrace (Θράκη, Thráki; Batı Trakya; Западна Тракия, Zapadna Trakiya or Беломорска Тракия, Belomorska Trakiya) is a geographic and historical region of Greece, between the Nestos and Evros rivers in the northeast of the country; Eastern Thrace, which lies east of the river Evros, forms the European part of Turkey, and the area to the north, in Bulgaria, is known as Northern Thrace.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija/Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија; Pannonian Rusyn: Югославия, transcr. Juhoslavija)Jugosllavia; Jugoszlávia; Juhoslávia; Iugoslavia; Jugoslávie; Iugoslavia; Yugoslavya; Югославия, transcr. Jugoslavija.
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Zveno
Zveno (Звено, "link") was a Bulgarian military and political organization, founded in 1927 by Bulgarian Army officers.
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Redirects here:
Boris III, Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver, Boris Xaver, Boris iii of bulgaria, Tsar Boris III.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_III_of_Bulgaria
