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Botulism

Index Botulism

Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. [1]

129 relations: Acetic acid, Acetylcholine, Acute (medicine), Alaska, Aluminium, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Anaerobic organism, Antibiotic, Antibody, Antigenic variation, Antitoxin, Aplysia, Asparagus, Augusta, Georgia, Bacteriophage, Bean, Beetroot, Bioassay, Black tar heroin, Bon viveur, Botulinum toxin, British Columbia, Bulbar palsy, California, Canada, Capsicum, Carrot juice, Case fatality rate, Castleberry's Food Company, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cerebrospinal fluid, Cetacean stranding, Chemical synapse, Chewing, Clostridium botulinum, Colonisation (biology), Consciousness, Constipation, Cooking oil, Cranial nerves, Diplopia, Disease, Dog, Drosophila, Drug injection, Dysarthria, Dysautonomia, Edrophonium, El Paso, Texas, Electrochemiluminescence, ..., Electromyography, ELISA, Endospore, Enema, Eye movement, Facial muscles, Fatigue, Fermented fish, Fever, First Nations, Flaccid paralysis, Food and Drug Administration, Garlic, Gas exchange, Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal tract, Gram-positive bacteria, Grass sickness, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Gut flora, Heptavalent botulism antitoxin, Home canning, Honey, Hospital-acquired infection, Hypercapnia, Hypersensitivity, Hypotonia, Immunoglobulin G, Infection, Inhalation, Inuit, Invertebrate, J. B. Lippincott & Co., Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Lancaster, Ohio, Latin, List of foodborne illness outbreaks, Maize, Mechanical ventilation, Medical emergency, Microgram, Muktuk, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Muscles of respiration, Myasthenia gravis, Nausea, Nerve, Neuroimaging, Neuromuscular junction, Neuromuscular-blocking drug, Neurotransmitter, Northern Europe, Nunavik, Orthostatic hypotension, Paralysis, Passive immunity, Peristalsis, Pontiac, Michigan, Proteolysis, Ptosis (eyelid), Respiration (physiology), Respiratory arrest, Respiratory failure, Serology, Serum sickness, Shortness of breath, Skin popping, Sodium, Somatic nervous system, Stool test, Stroke, Swallowing, Vaccine, Vertebrate, Vichyssoise, Vomiting, Whale meat, Xerostomia, 1971 Bon Vivant botulism case. Expand index (79 more) »

Acetic acid

Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is a colourless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H or C2H4O2).

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Acetylcholine

Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic chemical that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals, including humans, as a neurotransmitter—a chemical message released by nerve cells to send signals to other cells.

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Acute (medicine)

In medicine, describing a disease as acute denotes that it is of short duration and, as a corollary of that, of recent onset.

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Alaska

Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.

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Aluminium

Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neurone disease (MND), and Lou Gehrig's disease, is a specific disease which causes the death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles.

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Anaerobic organism

An anaerobic organism or anaerobe is any organism that does not require oxygen for growth.

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Antibiotic

An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.

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Antibody

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

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Antigenic variation

Antigenic variation refers to the mechanism by which an infectious agent such as a protozoan, bacterium or virus alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response.

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Antitoxin

An antitoxin is an antibody with the ability to neutralize a specific toxin.

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Aplysia

Aplysia is a genus of medium-sized to extremely large sea slugs, specifically sea hares, which are one clade of large sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks.

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Asparagus

Asparagus, or garden asparagus, folk name sparrow grass, scientific name Asparagus officinalis, is a spring vegetable, a flowering perennial plant species in the genus Asparagus.

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Augusta, Georgia

Augusta, officially Augusta–Richmond County, is a consolidated city-county on the central eastern border of the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Bacteriophage

A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within Bacteria and Archaea.

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Bean

A bean is a seed of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, which are used for human or animal food.

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Beetroot

The beetroot is the taproot portion of the beet plant, usually known in North America as the beet, also table beet, garden beet, red beet, or golden beet.

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Bioassay

A bioassay is an analytical method to determine concentration or potency of a substance by its effect on living cells or tissues.

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Black tar heroin

Black tar heroin is a form of heroin that is sticky like tar or hard like coal.

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Bon viveur

The phrase bon viveur is a pseudo-French phrase adopted in English in the mid 19th century, modelled on the French bon vivant "one who lives well", i.e. referring to a person who enjoys the good things of life.

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Botulinum toxin

Botulinum toxin (BTX) or Botox is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species.

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British Columbia

British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.

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Bulbar palsy

Bulbar palsy refers to a range of different signs and symptoms linked to impairment of function of the cranial nerves 9, 10, 11, 12, which occurs due to a lower motor neuron lesion in the medulla oblongata or from lesions of the lower cranial nerves outside the brainstem.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Capsicum

Capsicum (also known as peppers) is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae.

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Carrot juice

Carrot juice is juice produced from carrots.

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Case fatality rate

In epidemiology, a case fatality rate (CFR)—or case fatality risk, case fatality ratio or just fatality rate—is the proportion of deaths within a designated population of "cases" (people with a medical condition) over the course of the disease.

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Castleberry's Food Company

Castleberry's Food Company is an Augusta, Georgia-based canned food company founded in the 1920s by Clement Stewart Castleberry with the help of his father Clement Lamar Castleberry and closed in March 2008 by the United States Food and Drug Administration until Hanover Foods bought the rights to Castleberry's food and name.

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the leading national public health institute of the United States.

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Cerebrospinal fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.

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Cetacean stranding

Cetacean stranding, commonly known as beaching, is a phenomenon in which whales and dolphins strand themselves on land, usually on a beach.

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Chemical synapse

Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be exchanged to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands.

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Chewing

Chewing or mastication is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth.

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Clostridium botulinum

Clostridium botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce the neurotoxin botulinum.

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Colonisation (biology)

Colonisation or colonization is the process in biology by which a species spreads to new areas.

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Consciousness

Consciousness is the state or quality of awareness, or, of being aware of an external object or something within oneself.

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Constipation

Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass.

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Cooking oil

Cooking oil is plant, animal, or synthetic fat used in frying, baking, and other types of cooking.

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Cranial nerves

Cranial nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord).

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Diplopia

Diplopia, commonly known as double vision, is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally, vertically, diagonally (i.e., both vertically and horizontally), or rotationally in relation to each other.

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Disease

A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Drosophila

Drosophila is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.

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Drug injection

Drug injection is a method of introducing a drug into the bloodstream via a hollow hypodermic needle and a syringe, which is pierced through the skin into the body (usually intravenous, but also intramuscular or subcutaneous).

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Dysarthria

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder resulting from neurological injury of the motor component of the motor-speech system and is characterized by poor articulation of phonemes.

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Dysautonomia

Dysautonomia or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly.

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Edrophonium

Edrophonium is a readily reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.

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El Paso, Texas

El Paso (from Spanish, "the pass") is a city in and the seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States.

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Electrochemiluminescence

Electrochemiluminescence or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of luminescence produced during electrochemical reactions in solutions.

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Electromyography

Electromyography (EMG) is an electrodiagnostic medicine technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles.

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ELISA

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance.

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Endospore

An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum.

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Enema

An enema is the injection of fluid into the lower bowel by way of the rectum.

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Eye movement

Eye movement includes the voluntary or involuntary movement of the eyes, helping in acquiring, fixating and tracking visual stimuli.

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Facial muscles

The facial muscles are a group of striated skeletal muscles supplied by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) that, among other things, control facial expression.

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Fatigue

Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness that has a gradual onset.

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Fermented fish

Fermented fish is a traditional preservation of fish.

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Fever

Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.

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First Nations

In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.

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Flaccid paralysis

Flaccid paralysis is an illness characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma).

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Food and Drug Administration

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.

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Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.

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Gas exchange

Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface.

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Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology (MeSH heading) is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders.

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Gastrointestinal tract

The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.

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Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall.

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Grass sickness

Grass sickness, alternatively termed equine dysautonomia is a rare but predominantly fatal illness in horses.

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Guillain–Barré syndrome

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system.

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Gut flora

Gut flora, or gut microbiota, or gastrointestinal microbiota, is the complex community of microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of humans and other animals, including insects.

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Heptavalent botulism antitoxin

The Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) - (Equine) (BAT) – BAT, made by Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc. (formerly Cangene Corporation), – is a licensed, commercially available botulism anti-toxin that effectively neutralizes all seven known botulinum nerve toxin serotypes (types A, B, C, D, E, F and G).

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Home canning

Home canning or bottling, also known colloquially as putting up or processing, is the process of preserving foods, in particular, fruits, vegetables, and meats, by packing them into glass jars and then heating the jars to kill the organisms that would create spoilage.

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Honey

Honey is a sweet, viscous food substance produced by bees and some related insects.

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Hospital-acquired infection

A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection, is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care facility.

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Hypercapnia

Hypercapnia, also known as hypercarbia and CO2 retention, is a condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood.

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Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity.

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Hypotonia

Hypotonia, commonly known as floppy baby syndrome, is a state of low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength.

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Immunoglobulin G

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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Inhalation

Inhalation (also known as inspiration) happens when oxygen from the air enters the lungs.

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Inuit

The Inuit (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, "the people") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada and Alaska.

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Invertebrate

Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a backbone or spine), derived from the notochord.

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J. B. Lippincott & Co.

J.

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Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome

Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness of the limbs.

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Lancaster, Ohio

Lancaster is a city in Fairfield County, Ohio, United States.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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List of foodborne illness outbreaks

This is a list of foodborne illness outbreaks.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilation is the medical term for artificial ventilation where mechanical means is used to assist or replace spontaneous breathing. This may involve a machine called a ventilator or the breathing may be assisted by an anesthesiologist, certified registered nurse anesthetist, physician, physician assistant, respiratory therapist, paramedic, EMT, or other suitable person compressing a bag or set of bellows. Mechanical ventilation is termed "invasive" if it involves any instrument penetrating the trachea through the mouth, such as an endotracheal tube or the skin, such as a tracheostomy tube. There are two main types: positive pressure ventilation, where air (or another gas mix) is pushed into the trachea, and negative pressure ventilation, where air is, in essence, sucked into the lungs. There are many modes of mechanical ventilation, and their nomenclature has been revised over the decades as the technology has continually developed.

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Medical emergency

A medical emergency is an acute injury or illness that poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long-term health.

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Microgram

In the metric system, a microgram or microgramme (μg; the recommended symbol in the United States when communicating medical information is mcg) is a unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram.

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Muktuk

Muktuk is the traditional Inuit and Chukchi meal of frozen whale skin and blubber.

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, or mAChRs, are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells.

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Muscles of respiration

The muscles of respiration are those muscles that contribute to inhalation and exhalation, by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity.

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Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.

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Nausea

Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.

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Nerve

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (nerve fibers, the long and slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system.

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Neuroimaging

Neuroimaging or brain imaging is the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the nervous system.

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Neuromuscular junction

A neuromuscular junction (or myoneural junction) is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

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Neuromuscular-blocking drug

Neuromuscular-blocking drugs block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles.

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Neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.

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Northern Europe

Northern Europe is the general term for the geographical region in Europe that is approximately north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea.

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Nunavik

Nunavik (ᓄᓇᕕᒃ) comprises the northern third of the province of Quebec, Canada in Kativik, part of the Nord-du-Québec region.

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Orthostatic hypotension

Orthostatic hypotension, also known as postural hypotension, occurs when a person's blood pressure falls when suddenly standing up from a lying or sitting position.

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Paralysis

Paralysis is a loss of muscle function for one or more muscles.

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Passive immunity

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies.

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Peristalsis

Peristalsis is a radially symmetrical contraction and relaxation of muscles that propagates in a wave down a tube, in an anterograde direction.

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Pontiac, Michigan

Pontiac is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, located in Metro Detroit.

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Proteolysis

Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids.

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Ptosis (eyelid)

Ptosis (/ˈtoʊsɪs/) is a drooping or falling of the upper eyelid.

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Respiration (physiology)

In physiology, respiration is defined as the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.

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Respiratory arrest

Respiratory arrest is caused by apnea (cessation of breathing) due to failure of the lungs to function effectively.

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Respiratory failure

Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide or both cannot be kept at normal levels.

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Serology

Serology is the scientific study of serum and other bodily fluids.

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Serum sickness

Serum sickness in humans is a reaction to proteins in antiserum derived from a non-human animal source, occurring 5–10 days after exposure.

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Shortness of breath

Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.

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Skin popping

Skin popping is any of several routes of administration whereby street drugs are injected or deposited under the skin.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Somatic nervous system

The somatic nervous system (SNS or voluntary nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles.

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Stool test

A stool test involves the collection and analysis of fecal matter to diagnose the presence or absence of a medical condition.

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Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.

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Swallowing

Swallowing, sometimes called deglutition in scientific contexts, is the process in the human or animal body that allows for a substance to pass from the mouth, to the pharynx, and into the esophagus, while shutting the epiglottis.

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Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

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Vertebrate

Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones).

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Vichyssoise

Vichyssoise is a thick soup made of boiled and puréed leeks, onions, potatoes, cream, and chicken stock.

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Vomiting

Vomiting, also known as emesis, puking, barfing, throwing up, among other terms, is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.

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Whale meat

Whale meat, broadly speaking, may include all cetaceans (whales, dolphions, porpoises) and all parts of the animal: muscle (meat), organs (offal), and fat (blubber).

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Xerostomia

Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth and dry mouth syndrome, is dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva, or reduced salivary flow, or have no identifiable cause.

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1971 Bon Vivant botulism case

The 1971 Bon Vivant botulism case was one of the few cases of foodborne botulism to occur from commercial food processing.

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Redirects here:

ATC code J06AA04, Allantiasis, Botchalism, Botulinum Toxin A, Botulinum antitoxin, Botulinus, Infant botulism.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulism

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