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Brown bear

Index Brown bear

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear native to Eurasia and North America. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 280 relations: Acorn, Afghanistan, Agriculture, Ainu people, Alaska, Alberta, Alexander Archipelago, American black bear, Amphitheatre, Andorra, Animal Diversity Web, Anno Domini, Arbutus unedo, Arctic, Arctic ground squirrel, Army cutworm, Asian black bear, Asturias, Atlas bear, Atlas Mountains, Bald eagle, BBC News, Bear, Bear attack, Bear spray, Bear worship, Beehive, Beekeeping, Beringia, Berkeley, California, Bern, Berry, Black Sea Region, Boreas (journal), Bounty hunter, British Columbia, British Isles, Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?, Bulb, Bulgaria, California grizzly bear, California State Library, Caniformia, Canine distemper, Canine tooth, Cantabria, Captivity, Carex, Carl Linnaeus, Carnivora, ... Expand index (230 more) »

  2. Brown bears
  3. Extant Middle Pleistocene first appearances
  4. Holarctic fauna
  5. Mammals of East Asia
  6. Mammals of North America
  7. Mammals of the Arctic
  8. National symbols of Finland
  9. National symbols of Russia
  10. Pleistocene bears
  11. Scavengers
  12. Ursus (mammal)

Acorn

The acorn, or oaknut, is the nut of the oaks and their close relatives (genera Quercus and Lithocarpus, in the family Fagaceae).

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.

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Agriculture

Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.

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Ainu people

The Ainu are an ethnic group who reside in northern Japan, including Hokkaido and Northeast Honshu, as well as the land surrounding the Sea of Okhotsk, such as Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, the Kamchatka Peninsula, and the Khabarovsk Krai; they have occupied these areas known to them as "Ainu Mosir" (lit), since before the arrival of the modern Yamato and Russians.

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Alaska

Alaska is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America.

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Alberta

Alberta is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada.

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Alexander Archipelago

The Alexander Archipelago (Архипелаг Александра) is a long archipelago (group of islands) in North America lying off the southeastern coast of Alaska.

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American black bear

The American black bear (Ursus americanus), also known as the black bear, is a species of medium-sized bear endemic to North America. Brown bear and american black bear are mammals of North America, Scavengers and Ursus (mammal).

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Amphitheatre

An amphitheatre (British English) or amphitheater (American English; both) is an open-air venue used for entertainment, performances, and sports.

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Andorra

Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked country on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south.

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Animal Diversity Web

The Animal Diversity Web (ADW) is a non-profit group that hosts an online database site that collects natural history, classification, species characteristics, conservation biology, and distribution information on species of animals.

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Anno Domini

The terms anno Domini. (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars.

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Arbutus unedo

Arbutus unedo, commonly known as strawberry tree, or chorleywood in the United Kingdom, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Western Europe.

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Arctic

The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.

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Arctic ground squirrel

The Arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii) (Inuktitut: ᓯᒃᓯᒃ, siksik) is a species of ground squirrel native to the Arctic and Subarctic of North America and Asia. Brown bear and Arctic ground squirrel are Arctic land animals, Holarctic fauna and mammals of the Arctic.

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Army cutworm

The army cutworm is the immature form of Euxoa auxiliaris.

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Asian black bear

The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), also known as the Indian black bear, Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle. Brown bear and Asian black bear are mammals of East Asia and Ursus (mammal).

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Asturias

Asturias (Asturies) officially the Principality of Asturias, (Principado de Asturias; Principáu d'Asturies; Galician–Asturian: Principao d'Asturias) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain.

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Atlas bear

The Atlas bear or North African bearBryden, H. A. (ed.) (1899).

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Atlas Mountains

The Atlas Mountains are a mountain range in the Maghreb in North Africa.

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Bald eagle

The bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is a bird of prey found in North America. Brown bear and bald eagle are Scavengers.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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Bear

Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae.

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Bear attack

A bear attack is an attack by a bear on another animal, although it usually refers to a bear attacking a human or domestic pet.

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Bear spray

Bear spray is a specific aerosol spray bear deterrent, whose active ingredients are highly irritant capsaicin and related capsaicinoids, that is used to deter aggressive or charging bears.

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Bear worship

Bear worship is the religious practice of the worshipping of bears found in many North Eurasian ethnic religions such as among the Sami, Nivkh, Ainu, Basques, Germanic peoples, Slavs and Finns.

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Beehive

A beehive is an enclosed structure in which some honey bee species of the subgenus Apis live and raise their young.

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Beekeeping

Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in artificial beehives.

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Beringia

Beringia is defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72° north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

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Berkeley, California

Berkeley is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States.

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Bern

Bern, or Berne,Bärn; Bèrna; Berna; Berna.

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Berry

A berry is a small, pulpy, and often edible fruit.

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Black Sea Region

The Black Sea Region (Karadeniz Bölgesi) (sometimes referred to as Pontus or Pontos) is a geographical region of Turkey.

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Boreas (journal)

Boreas is a peer-reviewed academic journal that has been published on behalf of the Collegium Boreas since 1972.

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Bounty hunter

A bounty hunter is a private agent working for a bail bondsman who captures fugitives or criminals for a commission or bounty.

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British Columbia

British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada.

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British Isles

The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles (Orkney and Shetland), and over six thousand smaller islands.

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Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?

Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? is a children's picture book published in 1967 by Henry Holt and Company, Inc.

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Bulb

In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy.

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Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

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California grizzly bear

The California grizzly bear (Ursus arctos californicus), also known as the California golden bear, is an extinct population of the brown bear, generally known (together with other North American brown bear populations) as the grizzly bear.

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California State Library

The California State Library is the state library of the State of California, founded in 1850 by the California State Legislature.

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Caniformia

Caniformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "dog-like" carnivorans.

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Canine distemper

Canine distemper virus (CDV) (sometimes termed "footpad disease") is a viral disease that affects a wide variety of mammal families, including domestic and wild species of dogs, coyotes, foxes, pandas, wolves, ferrets, skunks, raccoons, and felines, as well as pinnipeds, some primates, and a variety of other species.

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Canine tooth

In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth.

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Cantabria

Cantabria (also) is an autonomous community and province in northern Spain with Santander as its capital city.

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Captivity

Captivity, or being held captive, is a state wherein humans or other animals are confined to a particular space and prevented from leaving or moving freely.

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Carex

Carex is a vast genus of over 2,000 species of grass-like plants in the family Cyperaceae, commonly known as sedges (or seg, in older books).

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Carl Linnaeus

Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.

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Carnivora

Carnivora is an order of placental mammals that have specialized in primarily eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans.

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Carrion

Carrion, also known as a carcass, is the decaying flesh of dead animals.

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Cattle

Cattle (Bos taurus) are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus Bos. Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls. Young female cattle are called heifers, young male cattle are oxen or bullocks, and castrated male cattle are known as steers. Brown bear and cattle are mammals described in 1758.

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Cave bear

The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) is a prehistoric species of bear that lived in Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene and became extinct about 24,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Maximum. Brown bear and cave bear are Pleistocene bears and Ursus (mammal).

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Central Asia

Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.

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Cestoda

Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes).

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Charismatic megafauna

Charismatic megafauna are animal species that are large—in the relevant category that they represent—with symbolic value or widespread popular appeal, and are often used by environmental activists to gain public support for environmentalist goals.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Chinese cuisine

Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from China, as well as from Chinese people from other parts of the world.

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Cinnamon bear

The cinnamon bear (Ursus americanus cinnamomum) is both a highly variable color morph and a subspecies of the American black bear, native to the United States and Canada.

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Circus

A circus is a company of performers who put on diverse entertainment shows that may include clowns, acrobats, trained animals, trapeze acts, musicians, dancers, hoopers, tightrope walkers, jugglers, magicians, ventriloquists, and unicyclists as well as other object manipulation and stunt-oriented artists.

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Clam

Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve molluscs.

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Climate change

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.

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Common raven

The common raven (Corvus corax) is a large all-black passerine bird.

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Conifer cone

A conifer cone or pinecone (strobilus,: strobili in formal botanical usage) is a seed-bearing organ on gymnosperm plants.

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Conservation Biology (journal)

Conservation Biology is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Society for Conservation Biology, published by Wiley-Blackwell and established in May 1987.

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Copulation (zoology)

In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body, especially directly into her reproductive tract.

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Cougar

The cougar (Puma concolor) (KOO-gər), also known as the panther, mountain lion, catamount and puma, is a large cat native to the Americas. Brown bear and cougar are extant Middle Pleistocene first appearances.

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Crepuscular animal

In zoology, a crepuscular animal is one that is active primarily during the twilight period, being matutinal, vespertine/vespertinal, or both.

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Croatian kuna

The kuna (sign: kn; code: HRK) was the currency of Croatia from 1994 until 2023, when it was replaced by the euro.

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Cryptozoology

Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience and subculture that searches for and studies unknown, legendary, or extinct animals whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated, particularly those popular in folklore, such as Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, Yeti, the chupacabra, the Jersey Devil, or the Mokele-mbembe.

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Culture

Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.

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Current Biology

Current Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.

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Denali National Park and Preserve

Denali National Park and Preserve, formerly known as Mount McKinley National Park, is a national park and preserve located in Interior Alaska, United States, centered on Denali, the highest mountain in North America.

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Dietary biology of the brown bear

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is one of the most omnivorous animals in the world and has been recorded to consume the greatest variety of foods of any bear. Brown bear and Dietary biology of the brown bear are brown bears.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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Doctor of Philosophy

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or DPhil; philosophiae doctor or) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research.

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Dominance hierarchy

In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system.

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East Cree

East Cree, also known as James Bay (Eastern) Cree, and East Main Cree, is a group of Cree dialects spoken in Quebec, Canada on the east coast of lower Hudson Bay and James Bay, and inland southeastward from James Bay.

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Egg

An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches.

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Elk

The elk (elk or elks; Cervus canadensis), or wapiti, is the second largest species within the deer family, Cervidae, and one of the largest terrestrial mammals in its native range of North America and Central and East Asia. Brown bear and elk are Holarctic fauna and mammals of East Asia.

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Embryonic diapause

Embryonic diapause (delayed implantation in mammals) is a reproductive strategy used by a number of animal species across different biological classes.

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Eurasia

Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.

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Eurasian brown bear

The Eurasian brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) is one of the most common subspecies of the brown bear, and is found in much of Eurasia.

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Fable

Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying.

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Fairy tale

A fairy tale (alternative names include fairytale, fairy story, magic tale, or wonder tale) is a short story that belongs to the folklore genre.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

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Flower

A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae).

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Folklore

Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture.

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Food energy

Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from their food to sustain their metabolism, including their muscular activity.

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Forb

A forb or phorb is an herbaceous flowering plant that is not a graminoid (grass, sedge, or rush).

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Forest

A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense community of trees.

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Free-ranging dog

A free-ranging dog is a dog that is not confined to a yard or house.

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Fur

Fur is a thick growth of hair that covers the skin of almost all mammals.

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Galicia (Spain)

Galicia (Galicia (officially) or Galiza; Galicia) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.

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Gallbladder

In vertebrates, the gallbladder, also known as the cholecyst, is a small hollow organ where bile is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine.

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Genetic testing

Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure.

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Genetics (journal)

Genetics is a monthly scientific journal publishing investigations bearing on heredity, genetics, biochemistry and molecular biology.

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Gladiator

A gladiator (gladiator, "swordsman", from gladius, "sword") was an armed combatant who entertained audiences in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire in violent confrontations with other gladiators, wild animals, and condemned criminals.

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Gland, Switzerland

Gland is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

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Goldilocks and the Three Bears

"Goldilocks and the Three Bears" is a 19th-century English fairy tale of which three versions exist.

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Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) is one of the last remaining large, nearly intact ecosystems in the northern temperate zone of the Earth.

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Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

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Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology.

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Ground squirrel

Ground squirrels are rodents of the squirrel family (Sciuridae) that generally live on the ground or in burrows, rather than in trees like the tree squirrels.

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Growling

Growling is a low, guttural vocalization produced by animals as an aggressive warning but can also be found in other contexts such as playful behaviors or mating.

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Gull

Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari.

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Guttural

Guttural speech sounds are those with a primary place of articulation near the back of the oral cavity, where it is difficult to distinguish a sound's place of articulation and its phonation.

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Habitat destruction

Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species.

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Habitat fragmentation

Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and ecosystem decay.

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Haida people

The Haida (X̱aayda, X̱aadas, X̱aad, X̱aat) are an Indigenous group who have traditionally occupied italic, an archipelago just off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, for at least 12,500 years.

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Hibernation

Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression undergone by some animal species.

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Himalayan brown bear

The Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus), also known as the Himalayan red bear or isabelline bear, is a subspecies of the brown bear occurring in the western Himalayas.

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Himalayas

The Himalayas, or Himalaya.

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Hokkaido

is the second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region.

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Holocene

The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.

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Honey bee

A honey bee (also spelled honeybee) is a eusocial flying insect within the genus Apis of the bee clade, all native to mainland Afro-Eurasia.

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Human–wildlife conflict

Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) refers to the negative interactions between humans and wild animals, with undesirable consequences both for people and their resources on the one hand, and wildlife and their habitats on the other.

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Hunting license

A hunting license or hunting permit is a regulatory or legal mechanism to control hunting, both commercial and recreational.

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Hyperphagia (ecology)

In behavioral ecology, hyperphagia is a short-term increase in food intake and metabolization in response to changing environmental conditions.

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Illinoian (stage)

The Illinoian Stage is the name used by Quaternary geologists in North America to designate the Penultimate Glacial Period c.191,000 to c.130,000 years ago, during the late Middle Pleistocene (Chibanian), when sediments comprising the Illinoian Glacial Lobe were deposited.

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Incisor

Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals.

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India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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Infanticide (zoology)

In animals, infanticide involves the intentional killing of young offspring by a mature animal of the same species.

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International Union for Conservation of Nature

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.

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International Wolf Center

The International Wolf Center (IWC) is a research and educational organization based near Ely, Minnesota, United States, that, in its own words, "advances the survival of wolf populations by teaching about wolves, their relationship to wildlands and the human role in their future." The Wolf Center operates an interpretive center in Ely open to the public, where visitors can view captive "ambassador wolves" in natural surroundings through large windows, and can learn about wolves through a variety of exhibits and programs.

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Introgression

Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species.

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Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

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Kasaya (clothing)

Kāṣāya are the robes of fully ordained Buddhist monks and nuns, named after a brown or saffron dye.

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Kentucky

Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States.

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Kodiak Archipelago

The Kodiak Archipelago (translit) is an archipelago (group of islands) south of the main land-mass of the state of Alaska (United States), about by air south-west of Anchorage in the Gulf of Alaska.

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Kodiak bear

The Kodiak bear (Ursus arctos middendorffi), also known as the Kodiak brown bear, sometimes the Alaskan brown bear, inhabits the islands of the Kodiak Archipelago in southwest Alaska. Brown bear and Kodiak bear are fur trade.

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Kodiak Island

Kodiak Island (Qikertaq, Кадьяк) is a large island on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska, separated from the Alaska mainland by the Shelikof Strait.

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Koyukon

The Koyukon, Dinaa, or Denaa (Denaakk'e: Tl’eeyegge Hut’aane) are an Alaska Native Athabascan people of the Athabascan-speaking ethnolinguistic group.

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Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.

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Labrador Peninsula

The Labrador Peninsula, also known as the Quebec-Labrador Peninsula, is a large peninsula in eastern Canada.

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Larva

A larva (larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage.

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Lasso

A lasso or lazo, also called in Mexico reata and la reata, and in the United States riata or lariat (from Mexican Spanish, lasso for roping cattle), is a loop of rope designed as a restraint to be thrown around a target and tightened when pulled.

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Last Glacial Maximum

The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), also referred to as the Last Glacial Coldest Period, was the most recent time during the Last Glacial Period where ice sheets were at their greatest extent 26,000 and 20,000 years ago.

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Least-concern species

A least-concern species is a species that has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as evaluated as not being a focus of wildlife conservation because the specific species is still plentiful in the wild.

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Lemming

A lemming is a small rodent, usually found in or near the Arctic in tundra biomes. Brown bear and lemming are Arctic land animals.

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Literature

Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, plays, and poems.

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Livestock

Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting in order to provide labour and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.

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Local extinction

Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.

See Brown bear and Maize

Mallophaga

The Mallophaga are a possibly paraphyletic section of lice, known as chewing lice, biting lice, or bird lice, containing more than 3000 species.

See Brown bear and Mallophaga

Malnutrition

Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems.

See Brown bear and Malnutrition

Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

See Brown bear and Mammal

Marine Isotope Stage 5

Marine Isotope Stage 5 or MIS 5 is a marine isotope stage in the geologic temperature record, between 130,000 and 80,000 years ago.

See Brown bear and Marine Isotope Stage 5

Marmot

Marmots are large ground squirrels in the genus Marmota, with 15 species living in Asia, Europe, and North America.

See Brown bear and Marmot

Marsican brown bear

The Marsican brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos, formerly Ursus arctos marsicanus), also known as the Apennine brown bear, and orso bruno marsicano in Italian, is a critically endangered population of the Eurasian brown bear, with a range restricted to the Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise, and the surrounding region in Italy. Brown bear and marsican brown bear are mammals of Europe.

See Brown bear and Marsican brown bear

Maternity den

In the animal kingdom, a maternity den is a lair where a mother gives birth and nurtures her young when they are in a vulnerable life stage.

See Brown bear and Maternity den

Mating

In biology, mating is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms for the purposes of sexual reproduction.

See Brown bear and Mating

Mexican grizzly bear

The Mexican grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis, formerly Ursus arctos nelsoni) is an extinct population of the grizzly bear in the Southwestern United States and Mexico.

See Brown bear and Mexican grizzly bear

Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

See Brown bear and Middle Ages

Middle Dutch

Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects whose ancestor was Old Dutch.

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Middle English

Middle English (abbreviated to ME) is a form of the English language that was spoken after the Norman Conquest of 1066, until the late 15th century.

See Brown bear and Middle English

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

See Brown bear and Mitochondrial DNA

Molecular ecology

Molecular ecology is a field of evolutionary biology that is concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and more recently genomics to traditional ecological questions (e.g., species diagnosis, conservation and assessment of biodiversity, species-area relationships, and many questions in behavioral ecology).

See Brown bear and Molecular ecology

Monogamy

Monogamy is a relationship of two individuals in which they form an exclusive intimate partnership.

See Brown bear and Monogamy

Montana

Montana is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

See Brown bear and Montana

Moose

The moose ('moose'; used in North America) or elk ('elk' or 'elks'; used in Eurasia) (Alces alces) is the world's tallest, largest and heaviest extant species of deer and the only species in the genus Alces. Brown bear and moose are Holarctic fauna, mammals described in 1758, mammals of Asia, mammals of Europe and mammals of North America.

See Brown bear and Moose

Moss

Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta sensu stricto.

See Brown bear and Moss

Moth

Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies.

See Brown bear and Moth

Mouse

A mouse (mice) is a small rodent.

See Brown bear and Mouse

Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue, one of the four basic types of animal tissue.

See Brown bear and Muscle

Mushroom

A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground, on soil, or on its food source.

See Brown bear and Mushroom

Musician

A musician is one who composes, conducts, or performs music.

See Brown bear and Musician

Muskox

The muskox (Ovibos moschatus, in Latin "musky sheep-ox"), also spelled musk ox and musk-ox, plural muskoxen or musk oxen (in translit; in translit, label), is a hoofed mammal of the family Bovidae. Brown bear and muskox are Arctic land animals, Holarctic fauna, mammals of Europe and mammals of the Arctic.

See Brown bear and Muskox

Myth

Myth is a genre of folklore consisting primarily of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society.

See Brown bear and Myth

National personification

A national personification is an anthropomorphic personification of a state or the people(s) it inhabits.

See Brown bear and National personification

Native American jewelry

Native American jewelry refers to items of personal adornment, whether for personal use, sale or as art; examples of which include necklaces, earrings, bracelets, rings and pins, as well as ketohs, wampum, and labrets, made by one of the Indigenous peoples of the United States.

See Brown bear and Native American jewelry

Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, sometimes called American Indians, First Americans, or Indigenous Americans, are the Indigenous peoples native to portions of the land that the United States is located on.

See Brown bear and Native Americans in the United States

Nematode

The nematodes (or; Νηματώδη; Nematoda), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda.

See Brown bear and Nematode

Nepal

Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.

See Brown bear and Nepal

North Africa

North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.

See Brown bear and North Africa

North America

North America is a continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.

See Brown bear and North America

North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.

See Brown bear and North Korea

Northern Europe

The northern region of Europe has several definitions.

See Brown bear and Northern Europe

Northwest Territories

The Northwest Territories (abbreviated NT or NWT; Territoires du Nord-Ouest; formerly North-West Territories) is a federal territory of Canada.

See Brown bear and Northwest Territories

Numen (journal)

Numen: International Review for the History of Religions is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of religions of any regions and times.

See Brown bear and Numen (journal)

Obesity

Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health.

See Brown bear and Obesity

Ohio

Ohio is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

See Brown bear and Ohio

Omnivore

An omnivore is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter.

See Brown bear and Omnivore

Ontario

Ontario is the southernmost province of Canada.

See Brown bear and Ontario

Overexploitation

Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns.

See Brown bear and Overexploitation

Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest (PNW), sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in Western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east.

See Brown bear and Pacific Northwest

Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

See Brown bear and Pakistan

Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.

See Brown bear and Paleolithic

Panthera leo melanochaita

Panthera leo melanochaita is a lion subspecies in Southern and East Africa.

See Brown bear and Panthera leo melanochaita

Paraspecies

A paraspecies (a paraphyletic species) is a species, living or fossil, that gave rise to one or more daughter species without itself becoming extinct.

See Brown bear and Paraspecies

Paw

A paw is the soft foot-like part of a mammal, generally a quadruped, that has claws.

See Brown bear and Paw

Peptide

Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

See Brown bear and Peptide

Picos de Europa

The Picos de Europa ("Peaks of Europe", also the Picos) are a mountain range extending for about, forming part of the Cantabrian Mountains in northern Spain.

See Brown bear and Picos de Europa

Pleistocene

The Pleistocene (often referred to colloquially as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations.

See Brown bear and Pleistocene

PLOS Genetics

PLOS Genetics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal established in 2005 and published by the Public Library of Science.

See Brown bear and PLOS Genetics

Poaching

Poaching is the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights.

See Brown bear and Poaching

Polar bear

The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a large bear native to the Arctic and nearby areas. Brown bear and polar bear are Holarctic fauna, mammals of the Arctic, Pleistocene bears and Ursus (mammal).

See Brown bear and Polar bear

Population fragmentation

Population fragmentation is a form of population segregation.

See Brown bear and Population fragmentation

Proteomics

Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins.

See Brown bear and Proteomics

Province of León

León is a province of northwestern Spain in the northern part of the Region of León and in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León.

See Brown bear and Province of León

Pseudorabies

Aujeszky's disease, usually called pseudorabies in the United States, is a viral disease in swine that is endemic in most parts of the world.

See Brown bear and Pseudorabies

Pyrenees

The Pyrenees are a mountain range straddling the border of France and Spain.

See Brown bear and Pyrenees

Railway track

A railway track (British English and UIC terminology) or railroad track (American English), also known as a train track or permanent way (often "perway" in Australia), is the structure on a railway or railroad consisting of the rails, fasteners, railroad ties (sleepers, British English) and ballast (or slab track), plus the underlying subgrade.

See Brown bear and Railway track

Red fox

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe and Asia, plus parts of North Africa. Brown bear and red fox are Arctic land animals, extant Middle Pleistocene first appearances, Holarctic fauna, mammals described in 1758 and mammals of the Arctic.

See Brown bear and Red fox

Reindeer

The reindeer or caribou (Rangifer tarandus) is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. Brown bear and reindeer are Arctic land animals, Holarctic fauna, mammals described in 1758, mammals of Asia, mammals of Europe and mammals of the Arctic.

See Brown bear and Reindeer

Reynard the Fox

Reynard the Fox is a literary cycle of medieval allegorical Dutch, English, French and German fables.

See Brown bear and Reynard the Fox

Rifle

A rifle is a long-barreled firearm designed for accurate shooting and higher stopping power, with a barrel that has a helical or spiralling pattern of grooves (rifling) cut into the bore wall.

See Brown bear and Rifle

Roar (vocalization)

A roar is a type of animal vocalization that is loud, deep and resonating.

See Brown bear and Roar (vocalization)

Rodent

Rodents (from Latin rodere, 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.

See Brown bear and Rodent

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

See Brown bear and Roman Empire

Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

See Brown bear and Romania

Root

In vascular plants, the roots are the organs of a plant that are modified to provide anchorage for the plant and take in water and nutrients into the plant body, which allows plants to grow taller and faster.

See Brown bear and Root

Russian Bear

The Russian Bear (Russkiy medved') is a widespread symbol (generally of a Eurasian brown bear) for Russia, used in cartoons, articles, and dramatic plays since as early as the 16th century, and relating alike to the Russian Empire, the Russian Provisional Government and Russian Republic, the Soviet Union, and the present-day Russian Federation. Brown bear and Russian Bear are national symbols of Russia.

See Brown bear and Russian Bear

Russian Far East

The Russian Far East (p) is a region in North Asia.

See Brown bear and Russian Far East

Safari park

A safari park, sometimes known as a wildlife park, is a zoo-like commercial drive-in tourist attraction where visitors can drive their own vehicles or ride in vehicles provided by the facility to observe freely roaming animals.

See Brown bear and Safari park

Salmon

Salmon (salmon) is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus of the family Salmonidae, native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (Salmo) and North Pacific (Oncorhynchus) basins. Brown bear and Salmon are Holarctic fauna.

See Brown bear and Salmon

Sankebetsu brown bear incident

The, also known as the or the, was a series of bear attacks which took place 9-15 December 1915, at the beginning of the Taishō era, in a remote area of Hokkaido, Japan.

See Brown bear and Sankebetsu brown bear incident

Scientific Reports

Scientific Reports is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific mega journal published by Nature Portfolio, covering all areas of the natural sciences.

See Brown bear and Scientific Reports

Sclera

The sclera, also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber.

See Brown bear and Sclera

Seasonal breeder

Seasonal breeders are animal species that successfully mate only during certain times of the year.

See Brown bear and Seasonal breeder

Sex hormone-binding globulin

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or sex steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to androgens and estrogens.

See Brown bear and Sex hormone-binding globulin

Sexual dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.

See Brown bear and Sexual dimorphism

Shoot (botany)

In botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages like leaves, lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds.

See Brown bear and Shoot (botany)

Siberian tiger

The Siberian tiger or Amur tiger is a population of the tiger subspecies Panthera tigris tigris native to the Russian Far East, Northeast China and possibly North Korea.

See Brown bear and Siberian tiger

Slovakia

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovenská republika), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

See Brown bear and Slovakia

Slovenia

Slovenia (Slovenija), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene), is a country in southern Central Europe.

See Brown bear and Slovenia

Smithsonian Institution

The Smithsonian Institution, or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, education and research centers, the largest such complex in the world, created by the U.S. government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge." Founded on August 10, 1846, it operates as a trust instrumentality and is not formally a part of any of the three branches of the federal government.

See Brown bear and Smithsonian Institution

Smokey Bear

Smokey Bear is an American campaign and advertising icon of the U.S. Forest Service in the Wildfire Prevention Campaign, which is the longest-running public service announcement campaign in United States history.

See Brown bear and Smokey Bear

Snow-White and Rose-Red

"Snow-White and Rose-Red" (Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot) is a German fairy tale.

See Brown bear and Snow-White and Rose-Red

Sociality

Sociality is the degree to which individuals in an animal population tend to associate in social groups (gregariousness) and form cooperative societies.

See Brown bear and Sociality

Sorghum

Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the grass genus Sorghum cultivated for its grain.

See Brown bear and Sorghum

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Brown bear and Soviet Union

Spawn (biology)

Spawn is the eggs and sperm released or deposited into water by aquatic animals.

See Brown bear and Spawn (biology)

Stereotypy

A stereotypy is a repetitive or ritualistic movement, posture, or utterance.

See Brown bear and Stereotypy

Subspecies of brown bear

Formerly or currently considered subspecies or populations of brown bears have been listed as follows. Brown bear and subspecies of brown bear are brown bears.

See Brown bear and Subspecies of brown bear

Sun bear

The sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) is a species in the family Ursidae (the only species in the genus Helarctos) occurring in the tropical forests of Southeast Asia.

See Brown bear and Sun bear

Syrian brown bear

The Syrian brown bear (Ursus arctos syriacus or Ursus arctos arctos) is a medium-sized and endangered subspecies of Eurasian brown bear native to the Middle East and West-Central Asia, particularly around the Caucasus Mountains.

See Brown bear and Syrian brown bear

Systema Naturae

(originally in Latin written with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy.

See Brown bear and Systema Naturae

Tame bear

A tame bear, often called a dancing bear, is a wild bear captured when young, or born and bred in captivity, and used to entertain people in streets or taverns.

See Brown bear and Tame bear

Temperate forest

A temperate forest is a forest found between the tropical and boreal regions, located in the temperate zone.

See Brown bear and Temperate forest

Territory (animal)

In ethology, territory is the sociographical area that an animal consistently defends against conspecific competition (or, occasionally, against animals of other species) using agonistic behaviors or (less commonly) real physical aggression.

See Brown bear and Territory (animal)

The arts

The arts or creative arts are a vast range of human practices of creative expression, storytelling, and cultural participation.

See Brown bear and The arts

The Brown Bear of Norway

The Brown Bear of Norway is an Irish fairy tale collected by Patrick Kennedy which appeared in his Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts (1866).

See Brown bear and The Brown Bear of Norway

Tick

Ticks are parasitic arachnids of the order Ixodida.

See Brown bear and Tick

Tomamae, Hokkaido

is a town located in Rumoi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

See Brown bear and Tomamae, Hokkaido

Tool use by non-humans

Tool use by non-humans is a phenomenon in which a non-human animal uses any kind of tool in order to achieve a goal such as acquiring food and water, grooming, combat, defence, communication, recreation or construction.

See Brown bear and Tool use by non-humans

Trematoda

Trematoda is a class of flatworms known as flukes or trematodes.

See Brown bear and Trematoda

Turkey

Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.

See Brown bear and Turkey

U.S. state

In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50.

See Brown bear and U.S. state

Ungava brown bear

The Ungava brown bear is an extinct population of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) that inhabited the forests of northern Quebec and Labrador until the early 20th century. Brown bear and Ungava brown bear are Arctic land animals and mammals of the Arctic.

See Brown bear and Ungava brown bear

Ungulate

Ungulates are members of the diverse clade Euungulata ("true ungulates"), which primarily consists of large mammals with hooves.

See Brown bear and Ungulate

United States Forest Service

The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands covering of land.

See Brown bear and United States Forest Service

University of California Press

The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.

See Brown bear and University of California Press

Ursid hybrid

An ursid hybrid is an animal with parents from two different species or subspecies of the bear family (Ursidae).

See Brown bear and Ursid hybrid

Ursinae

Ursinae is a subfamily of Ursidae (bears) named by Swainson (1835).

See Brown bear and Ursinae

Ursus (journal)

Ursus is a biannual peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all topics about or related to bears.

See Brown bear and Ursus (journal)

Ursus etruscus

Ursus etruscus (the Etruscan bear) is an extinct species of bear, endemic to Europe, Asia and North Africa during the Early Pleistocene, living from approximately 2.2 million to around 1.4-1.2 million years ago. Brown bear and Ursus etruscus are Pleistocene bears and Ursus (mammal).

See Brown bear and Ursus etruscus

Ussuri black bear

The Ussuri black bear (Ursus thibetanus ussuricus), also known as the Manchurian black bear, is a large subspecies of the Asian black bear native to the Far East, including the Korean Peninsula.

See Brown bear and Ussuri black bear

Ussuri brown bear

The Ussuri brown bear (Ursus arctos lasiotus), also known as the Ezo brown bear, Russian grizzly bear, or the black grizzly bear, is a subspecies of the brown bear or a population of the Eurasian brown bear (U. a. arctos). Brown bear and Ussuri brown bear are mammals of Asia.

See Brown bear and Ussuri brown bear

Utah State University

Utah State University (USU or Utah State) is a public land-grant research university with its main campus in Logan, Utah.

See Brown bear and Utah State University

Uterus

The uterus (from Latin uterus,: uteri) or womb is the organ in the reproductive system of most female mammals, including humans, that accommodates the embryonic and fetal development of one or more embryos until birth.

See Brown bear and Uterus

Vehicle

A vehicle is a machine designed for self-propulsion, usually to transport people, cargo, or both.

See Brown bear and Vehicle

Violin

The violin, colloquially known as a fiddle, is a wooden chordophone, and is the smallest, and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in regular use in the violin family.

See Brown bear and Violin

Vole

Voles are small rodents that are relatives of lemmings and hamsters, but with a stouter body; a longer, hairy tail; a slightly rounder head; smaller eyes and ears; and differently formed molars (high-crowned with angular cusps instead of low-crowned with rounded cusps).

See Brown bear and Vole

Vorbis

Vorbis is a free and open-source software project headed by the Xiph.Org Foundation.

See Brown bear and Vorbis

Western literature

Western literature, also known as European literature, is the literature written in the context of Western culture in the languages of Europe, and is shaped by the periods in which they were conceived, with each period containing prominent western authors, poets, and pieces of literature.

See Brown bear and Western literature

Western United States

The Western United States, also called the American West, the Western States, the Far West, and the West, is the region comprising the westernmost U.S. states.

See Brown bear and Western United States

Wild boar

The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. Brown bear and wild boar are mammals described in 1758, mammals of Asia, mammals of East Asia and mammals of Europe.

See Brown bear and Wild boar

Wildfire

A wildfire, forest fire, or a bushfire is an unplanned, uncontrolled and unpredictable fire in an area of combustible vegetation.

See Brown bear and Wildfire

Wildlife Monographs

The Wildlife Monographs is a peer-reviewed scientific journal devoted to the ecology of non-domesticated animal species.

See Brown bear and Wildlife Monographs

Wiley (publisher)

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.

See Brown bear and Wiley (publisher)

William Caxton

William Caxton was an English merchant, diplomat and writer.

See Brown bear and William Caxton

Withers

Withers are the ridge between the shoulder blades of an animal, typically a quadruped.

See Brown bear and Withers

Wolf

The wolf (Canis lupus;: wolves), also known as the gray wolf or grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America. Brown bear and wolf are extant Middle Pleistocene first appearances, habitats Directive species, Holarctic fauna, mammals described in 1758, mammals of Asia, mammals of Europe, mammals of North America and Scavengers.

See Brown bear and Wolf

Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park is a national park located in the western United States, largely in the northwest corner of Wyoming and extending into Montana and Idaho.

See Brown bear and Yellowstone National Park

Zanclean

The Zanclean is the lowest stage or earliest age on the geologic time scale of the Pliocene.

See Brown bear and Zanclean

Zoo

A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes.

See Brown bear and Zoo

Zoological Society of London

The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats.

See Brown bear and Zoological Society of London

Zygomatic arch

In anatomy, the zygomatic arch, or cheek bone, is a part of the skull formed by the zygomatic process of the temporal bone (a bone extending forward from the side of the skull, over the opening of the ear) and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone (the side of the cheekbone), the two being united by an oblique suture (the zygomaticotemporal suture); the tendon of the temporal muscle passes medial to (i.e.

See Brown bear and Zygomatic arch

See also

Brown bears

Extant Middle Pleistocene first appearances

Holarctic fauna

Mammals of East Asia

Mammals of North America

Mammals of the Arctic

National symbols of Finland

National symbols of Russia

Pleistocene bears

Scavengers

Ursus (mammal)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_bear

Also known as American brown bear, Broan Bear, Brown bears, Coastal brown bear, Evolution of brown bears, Mating behavior of brown bears, Sexual behavior of brown bears, Social behavior of brown bears, U arctos, U. arctos, Ursos arctos, Ursus arctos, Wild bear.

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