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154 relations: Abbey Road Studios, Adolf Busch, Adolf Rebner, Alexander Schneider, Alfred Charles Hobday, American Federation of Musicians, Anthony Pini, Antonín Dvořák, Arnold Steinhardt, Artur Balsam, Artur Schnabel, Arturo Toscanini, Auschwitz concentration camp, Australia, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Bard College, Béla Bartók, Bedřich Smetana, Belgium, Benny Goodman, Bergen, Berlin, Berlin Philharmonic, Berlin University of the Arts, Bohemia, Bronisław Huberman, Budapest, Budapest Quartet (1886), California, Cello, Chamber music, Cincinnati, Claude Debussy, Clifford Curzon, Cluj-Napoca, Cologne, Columbia Records, David Oistrakh, David Oppenheim (clarinetist), David Popper, David Soyer, Dutch East Indies, Edgar Ortenberg, Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, Ellis Island, Emanuel Feuermann, Emerson String Quartet, Felix Mendelssohn, Fiorello H. La Guardia, Folke Bernadotte, ..., Frankfurt, Franz Schubert, Fritz Reiner, George Szell, Greenwich Village, Gregor Piatigorsky, Guarneri Quartet, Hamburg, His Master's Voice, HMV, Hoch Conservatory, Hugo Wolf, Hungary, International Committee of the Red Cross, Intonation (music), Israel, Italian Serenade (Wolf), Jascha Heifetz, Jean Sibelius, Jenő Hubay, Jerusalem, Johannes Brahms, John Dalley, Joseph Haydn, Joseph Joachim, Joseph Szigeti, Juilliard School, Juilliard String Quartet, Julius Klengel, Leipzig, Library of Congress, List of Cambridge Companions to Music, Lithuania, London, Ludwig van Beethoven, Marcel Moyse, Marlboro College, Marlboro Music School and Festival, Maurice Ravel, Michael Tree, Mieczysław Horszowski, Mills College, Milton Katims, Monowitz concentration camp, Munich Agreement, Nansen passport, Nathan Milstein, Netherlands, New York (state), New York Philharmonic, New Zealand, Norddeutscher Rundfunk, Norway, Novi Sad, Oakland, California, Odessa, Oregon, Pablo Casals, Paganini Quartet, Palestine (region), Paris, Philadelphia, Portland, Oregon, Portugal, Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales, Pro Arte Quartet, Puerto Rico, Pyotr Stolyarsky, Queen's Hall, Ralph Kirkpatrick, RCA Records, Robert Schumann, Romania, Rotterdam, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Rudolf Serkin, Russia, Russian Revolution, Saarbrücken, Sándor Végh, Settlement Music School, Sibelius Society of Finland, Sony Classical Records, Spanish Civil War, Spiccato, Stradivarius, String quartet, Sweden, Temple University, The New York Times, Tokyo, United States, Vermont, Victor Talking Machine Company, Vilnius, Viola, Violin, Voces intimae (Sibelius), Walter Trampler, Washington, D.C., Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, World War I, World War II, Zoltán Kodály. Expand index (104 more) »
Abbey Road Studios
Abbey Road Studios (formerly known as EMI Recording Studios) is a recording studio at 3 Abbey Road, St John's Wood, City of Westminster, London, England.
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Adolf Busch
Adolf Georg Wilhelm Busch (8 August 1891 – 9 June 1952) was a German-Swiss violinist, conductor, and composer.
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Adolf Rebner
Adolf Franklin Rebner (also Adolph Rebner) (21 November 1876 in Vienna, Austria – 19 June 1967 in Baden-Baden, Germany) was an Austrian violinist and violist.
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Alexander Schneider
Abraham Alexander Schneider (21 October 1908 – 2 February 1993) was a violinist, conductor, and educator.
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Alfred Charles Hobday
Alfred Charles Hobday (19 April 1870 in Faversham – 23 February 1942 in Tankerton) was an English viola player who made his career in England.
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American Federation of Musicians
The American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM/AFofM) is a 501(c)(5) labor union representing professional musicians in the United States and Canada.
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Anthony Pini
Carlos Antonio Pini OBE (15 April 1902 – 1 January 1989) was a cellist, known as a soloist, orchestral section leader and chamber musician.
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Antonín Dvořák
Antonín Leopold Dvořák (8 September 1841 – 1 May 1904) was a Czech composer.
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Arnold Steinhardt
Arnold Steinhardt (born 1937 in Los Angeles, California), is an American violinist, best known as the first violinist of the Guarneri String Quartet.
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Artur Balsam
Artur Balsam (February 8, 1906 in Warsaw, Poland – September 1, 1994 in New York) was a Polish-born American classical pianist and pedagogue.
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Artur Schnabel
Artur Schnabel (17 April 1882 – 15 August 1951) was an Austrian classical pianist, who also composed and taught.
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Arturo Toscanini
Arturo Toscanini (March 25, 1867 – January 16, 1957) was an Italian conductor.
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Auschwitz concentration camp
Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of concentration and extermination camps built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland during World War II.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Australian Broadcasting Corporation
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) founded in 1929 is Australia's national broadcaster, funded by the Australian Federal Government but specifically independent of Government and politics in the Commonwealth.
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Bard College
Bard College is a private liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, a hamlet in New York, United States.
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Béla Bartók
Béla Viktor János Bartók (25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist and an ethnomusicologist.
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Bedřich Smetana
Bedřich Smetana (2 March 1824 – 12 May 1884) was a Czech composer who pioneered the development of a musical style that became closely identified with his country's aspirations to independent statehood.
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Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
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Benny Goodman
Benjamin David "Benny" Goodman (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader known as the "King of Swing".
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Bergen
Bergen, historically Bjørgvin, is a city and municipality in Hordaland on the west coast of Norway.
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Berlin
Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.
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Berlin Philharmonic
The Berlin Philharmonic (Berliner Philharmoniker) is a German orchestra based in Berlin.
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Berlin University of the Arts
The Universität der Künste Berlin (UdK; Berlin University of the Arts), situated in Berlin, Germany, is the largest art school in Europe.
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Bohemia
Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.
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Bronisław Huberman
Bronisław Huberman (19 December 1882 – 16 June 1947) was a Jewish Polish violinist.
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Budapest
Budapest is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.
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Budapest Quartet (1886)
The Budapest Quartet was a string quartet established in Budapest, Hungary in 1886 by Jenő Hubay and David Popper.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Cello
The cello (plural cellos or celli) or violoncello is a string instrument.
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Chamber music
Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room.
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Cincinnati
No description.
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Claude Debussy
Achille-Claude Debussy (22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer.
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Clifford Curzon
Sir Clifford Michael Curzon CBE (né Siegenberg; 18 May 19071 September 1982) was an English classical pianist.
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Cluj-Napoca
Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg; Kolozsvár,; Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; and קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country.
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Cologne
Cologne (Köln,, Kölle) is the largest city in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth most populated city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich).
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Columbia Records
Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, the North American division of Japanese conglomerate Sony.
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David Oistrakh
David Fyodorovich Oistrakh (– 24 October 1974), PAU, was a renowned Soviet classical violinist and violist.
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David Oppenheim (clarinetist)
David Jerome Oppenheim (April 13, 1922 – November 14, 2007) was an American clarinetist, and classical music and television producer.
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David Popper
David Popper (June 16, 1843 – August 7, 1913) was a Bohemian cellist and composer.
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David Soyer
David Soyer (February 24, 1923February 25, 2010) was an American cellist.
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Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.
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Edgar Ortenberg
Edgar Ortenberg (born Eleazar Ortenberg, June 17, 1900 – May 16, 1996) was a violinist in the Budapest String Quartet and taught violin at the Settlement Music School and Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge
Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge aka Liz Coolidge (30 October 1864 – 4 November 1953), born Elizabeth Penn Sprague, was an American pianist and patron of music, especially of chamber music.
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Ellis Island
Ellis Island, in Upper New York Bay, was the gateway for over 12 million immigrants to the U.S. as the United States' busiest immigrant inspection station for over 60 years from 1892 until 1954.
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Emanuel Feuermann
Emanuel Feuermann (November 22, 1902May 25, 1942) was an internationally celebrated cellist in the first half of the 20th century.
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Emerson String Quartet
The Emerson String Quartet, also known as the Emerson Quartet, is a professional string ensemble – in residence at the Stony Brook University.
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Felix Mendelssohn
Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (3 February 1809 4 November 1847), born and widely known as Felix Mendelssohn, was a German composer, pianist, organist and conductor of the early romantic period.
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Fiorello H. La Guardia
Fiorello Henry La Guardia (born Fiorello Enrico La Guardia) (December 11, 1882September 20, 1947) was an American politician.
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Folke Bernadotte
Folke Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg (2 January 1895 – 17 September 1948) was a Swedish diplomat and nobleman.
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Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially the City of Frankfurt am Main ("Frankfurt on the Main"), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.
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Franz Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert (31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras.
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Fritz Reiner
Frederick Martin "Fritz" Reiner (December 19, 1888 – November 15, 1963) was a prominent conductor of opera and symphonic music in the twentieth century.
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George Szell
George Szell (June 7, 1897 – July 30, 1970), originally György Széll, György Endre Szél, or Georg Szell, was a Hungarian-born Jewish-American conductor and composer.
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Greenwich Village
Greenwich Village often referred to by locals as simply "the Village", is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan, New York City.
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Gregor Piatigorsky
Gregor Piatigorsky (Russian: Григо́рий Па́влович Пятиго́рский, Grigoriy Pavlovich Pyatigorskiy; August 6, 1976) was a Ukrainian-born American cellist.
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Guarneri Quartet
The Guarneri Quartet was an American string quartet founded in 1964 at the Marlboro Music School and Festival.
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Hamburg
Hamburg (locally), Hamborg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),Constitution of Hamburg), is the second-largest city of Germany as well as one of the country's 16 constituent states, with a population of roughly 1.8 million people. The city lies at the core of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region which spreads across four German federal states and is home to more than five million people. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. The city has repeatedly been beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, exceptional coastal flooding and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids. Historians remark that the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. Situated on the river Elbe, Hamburg is home to Europe's second-largest port and a broad corporate base. In media, the major regional broadcasting firm NDR, the printing and publishing firm italic and the newspapers italic and italic are based in the city. Hamburg remains an important financial center, the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, italic, italic, italic, and Unilever. The city is a forum for and has specialists in world economics and international law with such consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. In recent years, the city has played host to multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Former German Chancellor italic, who governed Germany for eight years, and Angela Merkel, German chancellor since 2005, come from Hamburg. The city is a major international and domestic tourist destination. It ranked 18th in the world for livability in 2016. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. Among its most notable cultural venues are the italic and italic concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's italic is among the best-known European entertainment districts.
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His Master's Voice
His Master's Voice (HMV) is a famous trademark in the recording industry and was the unofficial name of a major British record label.
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HMV
HMV Retail Ltd. is an entertainment retailing company (registered in England) operating in the United Kingdom.
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Hoch Conservatory
Dr.
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Hugo Wolf
Hugo Philipp Jacob Wolf (13 March 1860 – 22 February 1903) was an Austrian composer of Slovene origin, particularly noted for his art songs, or Lieder.
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Hungary
Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.
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International Committee of the Red Cross
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate.
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Intonation (music)
Intonation, in music, is a musician's realization of pitch accuracy, or the pitch accuracy of a musical instrument.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
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Italian Serenade (Wolf)
The Italian Serenade is a piece of music written by Hugo Wolf in 1887.
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Jascha Heifetz
Jascha Heifetz (10 December 1987) was a Russian-American violinist.
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Jean Sibelius
Jean Sibelius, born Johan Julius Christian Sibelius (8 December 186520 September 1957), was a Finnish composer and violinist of the late Romantic and early-modern periods.
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Jenő Hubay
Jenő Hubay, Jenő Hubay von Szalatna, szalatnai Hubay Jenő (15 September 185812 March 1937), also known by his German name Eugen Huber, was a Hungarian violinist, composer and music teacher.
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Jerusalem
Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.
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Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms (7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer and pianist of the Romantic period.
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John Dalley
John Dalley (born 3 March 1935 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American violinist.
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Joseph Haydn
(Franz) Joseph HaydnSee Haydn's name.
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Joseph Joachim
Joseph Joachim (Joachim József, 28 June 1831 – 15 August 1907) was a Hungarian violinist, conductor, composer and teacher.
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Joseph Szigeti
Joseph Szigeti (Szigeti József,; 5 September 189219 February 1973) was a Hungarian violinist.
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Juilliard School
The Juilliard School, informally referred to as Juilliard and located in the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is a performing arts conservatory established in 1905.
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Juilliard String Quartet
The Juilliard String Quartet is a classical music string quartet founded in 1946 at the Juilliard School in New York by William Schuman.
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Julius Klengel
Julius Klengel (24 September 1859 – 27 October 1933) was a German cellist who is most famous for his etudes and solo pieces written for the instrument.
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Leipzig
Leipzig is the most populous city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States.
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List of Cambridge Companions to Music
The Cambridge Companions to Music form a book series published by Cambridge University Press.
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Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 1770Beethoven was baptised on 17 December. His date of birth was often given as 16 December and his family and associates celebrated his birthday on that date, and most scholars accept that he was born on 16 December; however there is no documentary record of his birth.26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.
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Marcel Moyse
Marcel Moyse (pron. moh-EEZ; May 17, 1889 in St. Amour, France – November 1, 1984 in Brattleboro, Vermont, United States) was a French flutist.
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Marlboro College
Marlboro College is a small, private, academically rigorous liberal-arts college located in Marlboro, Vermont, United States, with an enrollment of 195 students.
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Marlboro Music School and Festival
The Marlboro Music School and Festival is a retreat for advanced classical training and musicianship held for seven weeks each summer in Marlboro, Vermont, in the United States.
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Maurice Ravel
Joseph Maurice Ravel (7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor.
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Michael Tree
Michael Tree (February 19, 1934 – March 30, 2018), born Michael Applebaum, was an American violist.
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Mieczysław Horszowski
Mieczysław Horszowski (June 23, 1892May 22, 1993) was a Polish-American pianist who had one of the longest careers in the history of the performing arts.
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Mills College
Mills College is a liberal arts and sciences college located in the San Francisco Bay Area.
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Milton Katims
Milton Katims (June 24, 1909February 27, 2006) was an American violist and conductor.
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Monowitz concentration camp
Monowitz (also called Monowitz-Buna or Auschwitz III) was initially established as a subcamp of Nazi Germany's Auschwitz concentration camp.
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Munich Agreement
The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined.
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Nansen passport
Nansen passports, originally and officially stateless persons passports, were internationally recognized refugee travel documents from 1922 to 1938, first issued by the League of Nations to stateless refugees.
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Nathan Milstein
Nathan Mironovich Milstein (– December 21, 1992) was a Ukrainian-born American virtuoso violinist.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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New York (state)
New York is a state in the northeastern United States.
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New York Philharmonic
The New York Philharmonic, officially the Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York, Inc., globally known as New York Philharmonic Orchestra (NYPO) or New York Philharmonic-Symphony Orchestra, is a symphony orchestra based in New York City in the United States.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
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Norddeutscher Rundfunk
Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR; Northern German Broadcasting) is a public radio and television broadcaster, based in Hamburg.
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Norway
Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.
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Novi Sad
Novi Sad (Нови Сад,; Újvidék; Nový Sad; see below for other names) is the second largest city of Serbia, the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina and the administrative center of the South Bačka District.
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Oakland, California
Oakland is the largest city and the county seat of Alameda County, California, United States.
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Odessa
Odessa (Оде́са; Оде́сса; אַדעס) is the third most populous city of Ukraine and a major tourism center, seaport and transportation hub located on the northwestern shore of the Black Sea.
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Oregon
Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States.
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Pablo Casals
Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan:; 29 December 187622 October 1973), usually known in English as Pablo Casals,, The New York Times, 1911-04-09, retrieved 2009-08-01 was a cellist, composer, and conductor from Catalonia, Spain.
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Paganini Quartet
The Paganini Quartet was a virtuoso string quartet founded by its first violinist, Henri Temianka, in 1946.
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Palestine (region)
Palestine (فلسطين,,; Παλαιστίνη, Palaistinē; Palaestina; פלשתינה. Palestina) is a geographic region in Western Asia.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.
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Portland, Oregon
Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County.
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Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.
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Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales
Prades is a commune and a sub-prefecture of the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.
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Pro Arte Quartet
The Pro Arte String Quartet is a string quartet founded in Belgium, which became affiliated with the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1941.
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.
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Pyotr Stolyarsky
Pyotr Solomonovich Stolyarsky (Пётр Соломонович Столярский, Петро Соломонович Столярський), (29 April 1944) was a Soviet violinist and eminent pedagogue, honored as People's Artist of UkSSR (Ukrainian SSR) (1939).
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Queen's Hall
The Queen's Hall was a concert hall in Langham Place, London, opened in 1893.
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Ralph Kirkpatrick
Ralph Leonard Kirkpatrick (June 10, 1911April 13, 1984) was an American musician, musicologist and harpsichordist.
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RCA Records
RCA Records (formerly legally traded as the RCA Records Label) is an American record label owned by Sony Music, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America.
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Robert Schumann
Robert Schumann (8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer and an influential music critic.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Rotterdam
Rotterdam is a city in the Netherlands, in South Holland within the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt river delta at the North Sea.
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Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra (Koninklijk Concertgebouworkest) is a symphony orchestra in the Netherlands, based at the Amsterdam Royal Concertgebouw (concert hall).
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Rudolf Serkin
Rudolf Serkin (28 March 1903 – 8 May 1991) was a Bohemian-born pianist.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917 which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the rise of the Soviet Union.
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Saarbrücken
Saarbrücken (Sarrebruck, Rhine Franconian: Saarbrigge) is the capital and largest city of the state of Saarland, Germany.
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Sándor Végh
Sándor Végh (17 May 19127 January 1997) was a Hungarian, later French, violinist and conductor.
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Settlement Music School
Settlement Music School is a community music school with branches in and around Philadelphia.
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Sibelius Society of Finland
The Sibelius Society of Finland (Sibelius-Seura ry, Sibelius-Samfundet rf) is a society in Finland dedicated to the music of the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.
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Sony Classical Records
Sony Classical Records (also known simply as Sony Classical) is an American record label founded in 1927 as Columbia Masterworks Records, a subsidiary of Columbia Records.
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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española),Also known as The Crusade (La Cruzada) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War (Cuarta Guerra Carlista) among Carlists, and The Rebellion (La Rebelión) or Uprising (Sublevación) among Republicans.
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Spiccato
Spiccato is a bowing technique for string instruments in which the bow appears to bounce lightly upon the string.
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Stradivarius
A Stradivarius is one of the violins, violas, cellos and other string instruments built by members of the Italian family Stradivari, particularly Antonio Stradivari (Latin: Antonius Stradivarius), during the 17th and 18th centuries.
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String quartet
A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string players – two violin players, a viola player and a cellist – or a piece written to be performed by such a group.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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Temple University
Temple University (Temple or TU) is a state-related research university located in the Cecil B. Moore neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Tokyo
, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Vermont
Vermont is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Victor Talking Machine Company
The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American record company and phonograph manufacturer headquartered in Camden, New Jersey.
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Vilnius
Vilnius (see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 574,221.
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Viola
The viola is a string instrument that is bowed or played with varying techniques.
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Violin
The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.
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Voces intimae (Sibelius)
Voces intimae (English translation: "Intimate voices" or "Inner voices"), Op.
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Walter Trampler
Walter Trampler (August 25, 1915 – September 27, 1997) was a German musician and teacher of the viola and viola d'amore.
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the classical era.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Zoltán Kodály
Zoltán Kodály (Kodály Zoltán,; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest_String_Quartet
