Faster access than browser!Similarities between Calque and Exonym and endonym
Calque and Exonym and endonym have 27 things in common (in Unionpedia): Arabic, Bulgarian language, Catalan language, Chinese language, Cognate, Czech language, Dutch language, Finnish language, French language, German language, Greek language, Hungarian language, Icelandic language, Irish language, Italian language, Latin, Persian language, Polish language, Portuguese language, Romanian language, Russian language, Slavic languages, Slovak language, Slovene language, Spanish language, Turkish language, Ukrainian language.
Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
Arabic and Calque · Arabic and Exonym and endonym ·
Bulgarian language
No description.
Bulgarian language and Calque · Bulgarian language and Exonym and endonym ·
Catalan language
Catalan (autonym: català) is a Western Romance language derived from Vulgar Latin and named after the medieval Principality of Catalonia, in northeastern modern Spain.
Calque and Catalan language · Catalan language and Exonym and endonym ·
Chinese language
Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
Calque and Chinese language · Chinese language and Exonym and endonym ·
Cognate
In linguistics, cognates are words that have a common etymological origin.
Calque and Cognate · Cognate and Exonym and endonym ·
Czech language
Czech (čeština), historically also Bohemian (lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group.
Calque and Czech language · Czech language and Exonym and endonym ·
Dutch language
The Dutch language is a West Germanic language, spoken by around 23 million people as a first language (including the population of the Netherlands where it is the official language, and about sixty percent of Belgium where it is one of the three official languages) and by another 5 million as a second language.
Calque and Dutch language · Dutch language and Exonym and endonym ·
Finnish language
Finnish (or suomen kieli) is a Finnic language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside Finland.
Calque and Finnish language · Exonym and endonym and Finnish language ·
French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
Calque and French language · Exonym and endonym and French language ·
German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
Calque and German language · Exonym and endonym and German language ·
Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
Calque and Greek language · Exonym and endonym and Greek language ·
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and several neighbouring countries. It is the official language of Hungary and one of the 24 official languages of the European Union. Outside Hungary it is also spoken by communities of Hungarians in the countries that today make up Slovakia, western Ukraine, central and western Romania (Transylvania and Partium), northern Serbia (Vojvodina), northern Croatia, and northern Slovenia due to the effects of the Treaty of Trianon, which resulted in many ethnic Hungarians being displaced from their homes and communities in the former territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is also spoken by Hungarian diaspora communities worldwide, especially in North America (particularly the United States). Like Finnish and Estonian, Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family branch, its closest relatives being Mansi and Khanty.
Calque and Hungarian language · Exonym and endonym and Hungarian language ·
Icelandic language
Icelandic (íslenska) is a North Germanic language, and the language of Iceland.
Calque and Icelandic language · Exonym and endonym and Icelandic language ·
Irish language
The Irish language (Gaeilge), also referred to as the Gaelic or the Irish Gaelic language, is a Goidelic language (Gaelic) of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people.
Calque and Irish language · Exonym and endonym and Irish language ·
Italian language
Italian (or lingua italiana) is a Romance language.
Calque and Italian language · Exonym and endonym and Italian language ·
Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Calque and Latin · Exonym and endonym and Latin ·
Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
Calque and Persian language · Exonym and endonym and Persian language ·
Polish language
Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.
Calque and Polish language · Exonym and endonym and Polish language ·
Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating from the regions of Galicia and northern Portugal in the 9th century.
Calque and Portuguese language · Exonym and endonym and Portuguese language ·
Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.
Calque and Romanian language · Exonym and endonym and Romanian language ·
Russian language
Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
Calque and Russian language · Exonym and endonym and Russian language ·
Slavic languages
The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) are the Indo-European languages spoken by the Slavic peoples.
Calque and Slavic languages · Exonym and endonym and Slavic languages ·
Slovak language
Slovak is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages (together with Czech, Polish, and Sorbian).
Calque and Slovak language · Exonym and endonym and Slovak language ·
Slovene language
Slovene or Slovenian (slovenski jezik or slovenščina) belongs to the group of South Slavic languages.
Calque and Slovene language · Exonym and endonym and Slovene language ·
Spanish language
Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.
Calque and Spanish language · Exonym and endonym and Spanish language ·
Turkish language
Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).
Calque and Turkish language · Exonym and endonym and Turkish language ·
Ukrainian language
No description.
Calque and Ukrainian language · Exonym and endonym and Ukrainian language ·
The list above answers the following questions
- What Calque and Exonym and endonym have in common
- What are the similarities between Calque and Exonym and endonym
Calque and Exonym and endonym Comparison
Calque has 101 relations, while Exonym and endonym has 223. As they have in common 27, the Jaccard index is 8.33% = 27 / (101 + 223).
References
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