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224 relations: Aden, Adolf Hitler, Airplane, Aksel Airo, Allied Commission, Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany, Antti Hackzell, Asia, Askainen, Austria-Hungary, Ürümqi, Baghdad, Baron, Basra, Battle of Mukden, Battle of Tali-Ihantala, Beijing, Bolsheviks, Bourgeoisie, Cabinet (government), Cairo, Car, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (naturalist), Carl Robert Mannerheim, Charles XI of Sweden, Chennai, Chevalier Guard Regiment, Chief of Defence (Finland), Chuhuiv, Colonel, Commander-in-chief, Communism, Conservatism, Continuation War, Cornet (rank), Count, Crime against peace, Damals, Delhi, Denmark, Dictator, Douglas & McIntyre, Dunhuang, Entomology, Equestrian statue of Marshal Mannerheim, Equestrianism, Erik Heinrichs, Estonia, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland, ..., Far-right politics, February Revolution, Field marshal (Finland), Finland, Finnish Army, Finnish Civil War, Finnish Defence Forces, Finnish language, Finnish presidential election, 1919, Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic, Finns, Flag Day, France, Gangtok, Gansu, General officer, German Empire, Grand Duchy of Finland, Hami, Hamina Cadet School, Head of state, Helsinki, Hexi Corridor, Hietaniemi Cemetery, Hitler and Mannerheim recording, Honghuzi, Hotan, Hugo Österman, Imatra, Immola Airfield, Imperial Russian Army, India, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Iron Cross, Japan, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, Karelia, Karl Fredrik Wilkama, Kashgar, Kiasma, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Romania, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, Kolkata, Kyösti Kallio, Labrang Monastery, Lapland War, Lapua Movement, Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital, Legion of Honour, Lieutenant, Lieutenant colonel, Lieutenant general, List of Finnish monarchs and Heads of State, List of presidents of Finland, List of wars involving Finland, Lohja, London, Mahatma Gandhi, Major general, Manchuria, Mannerheim (family), Mannerheim Cross, Mannerheim Line, Mannerheim Museum, Mannerheimintie, Market economy, Marskin ryyppy, Mińsk Mazowiecki, Mikkeli, Military of the Grand Duchy of Finland, Montreux, Moscow Peace Treaty, Mumbai, Myanmar, National Coalition Party, Nazi Germany, Nazism, Nepal, Nicholas II of Russia, Non-commissioned officer, October Revolution, Officer (armed forces), Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary, Order of Michael the Brave, Order of Saint Anna, Order of Saint Stanislaus, Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, Order of Saint Vladimir, Order of St. George, Order of the British Empire, Order of the Cross of Liberty, Order of the Cross of the Eagle, Order of the Elephant, Order of the Estonian Red Cross, Order of the German Eagle, Order of the Lion of Finland, Order of the Rising Sun, Order of the Sword, Order of the White Rose of Finland, Parliament of Finland, Paul Pelliot, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Peptic ulcer disease, Portugal, President of Finland, Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse, Qing dynasty, Regent, Representative democracy, Right-wing politics, Risto Ryti, Romania, Royal Order of the Seraphim, Rudolf Walden, Russian Civil War, Russian Empire, Russo-Japanese War, Ryti–Ribbentrop Agreement, Saint Petersburg, Samarkand, Senate of Finland, Ship, Siege of Leningrad, Sikkim, Simón Bolívar, Sovereignty, Soviet Union, SS-Begleitkommando des Führers, Stallion, State funeral, Stockholm, Stud (animal), Suuret suomalaiset, Sweden, Swedish Empire, Swedish language, Swedish People's Party of Finland, Switzerland, The Great Game, The Marshal of Finland, Tian Shan, Tiger, Tribhuvan of Nepal, Turkestan, Turpan, Uhlan, United Kingdom, University of British Columbia Press, University of Minnesota Press, Urho Castrén, Uzbekistan, Vaasa, Venice, Vorschmack, Vyborg, War reparations, War-responsibility trials in Finland, Warsaw, White Guard (Finland), White movement, Whites (Finland), William R. Trotter, Winter War, World War I, World War II, Xenophobia, Xinjiang, Yangon, Yle, Yugur. Expand index (174 more) »
Aden
Aden (عدن Yemeni) is a port city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some east of Bab-el-Mandeb.
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Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was a German politician, demagogue, and revolutionary, who was the leader of the Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945.
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Airplane
An airplane or aeroplane (informally plane) is a powered, fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller or rocket engine.
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Aksel Airo
Aksel Fredrik Airo (1898, Turku – 1985) was a Finnish lieutenant general and main strategic planner during the Winter War and the Continuation War.
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Allied Commission
Following the termination of hostilities in World War II, the Allied Powers were in control of the defeated Axis countries.
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Anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany
After German doctors became the first to identify the link between smoking and lung cancer, Germany initiated a strong anti-tobacco movement and led the first public anti-smoking campaign in modern history.
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Antti Hackzell
Antti Verner Hackzell (September 20, 1881 – January 14, 1946) was a Finnish politician from the National Coalition Party and Prime Minister of Finland in 1944.
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Asia
Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.
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Askainen
Askainen (Villnäs) is a former municipality of Finland.
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Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.
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Ürümqi
Ürümqi (yengi; from Oirat "beautiful pasture") is the capital of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the far northwest of the People's Republic of China.
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Baghdad
Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq.
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Baron
Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary.
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Basra
Basra (البصرة al-Baṣrah), is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab between Kuwait and Iran.
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Battle of Mukden
The, one of the largest land battles to be fought before World War I and the last and the most decisive major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought from 20 February to 10 March 1905 between Japan and Russia near Mukden in Manchuria.
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Battle of Tali-Ihantala
The Battle of Tali-Ihantala (June 25 to July 9, 1944) was part of the Finnish-Soviet Continuation War (1941–1944), which occurred during World War II.
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Beijing
Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.
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Bolsheviks
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (p; derived from bol'shinstvo (большинство), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority"), were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
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Bourgeoisie
The bourgeoisie is a polysemous French term that can mean.
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Cabinet (government)
A cabinet is a body of high-ranking state officials, typically consisting of the top leaders of the executive branch.
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Cairo
Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.
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Car
A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation.
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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finnish military leader and statesman.
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Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (naturalist)
Count Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (August 10, 1797 in Askainen, Finland – October 9, 1854 in Stockholm, Sweden) was a Finnish entomologist and governor of the Viipuri province in the Grand Duchy of Finland.
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Carl Robert Mannerheim
Count Carl Robert Mannerheim (1835–1914) was a Finnish aristocrat and businessman.
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Charles XI of Sweden
Charles XI, also Carl (Karl XI; 24 November 1655old style – 5 April 1697old style), was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death in a period of Swedish history known as the Swedish Empire (1611–1718).
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Chennai
Chennai (formerly known as Madras or) is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
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Chevalier Guard Regiment
The Chevalier Guard Regiment (Кавалергардский полк) was a Russian heavy cavalry guard regiment, created in 1800 by the reformation of the Chevalier Guard corps, itself created in 1764 by Catherine the Great.
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Chief of Defence (Finland)
The Chief of Defence (puolustusvoimain komentaja; lit., kommendören för försvarsmakten) is the Chief of Defence and commander of the Finnish Defence Forces, under the authority of the President of Finland.
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Chuhuiv
Chuhuiv (Чугуїв, Čuhujiv) or Chuguev (Чугуев, Čugujev) is a Ukrainian city in Kharkiv Oblast.
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Colonel
Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.
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Commander-in-chief
A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Conservatism
Conservatism is a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of culture and civilization.
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Continuation War
The Continuation War was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany, as co-belligerents, against the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1941 to 1944, during World War II.
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Cornet (rank)
Cornet was originally the third and lowest grade of commissioned officer in a British cavalry troop, after captain and lieutenant.
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Count
Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility.
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Crime against peace
A crime against peace, in international law, is "planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing".
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Damals
Damals is a German monthly popular scientific history magazine.
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Delhi
Delhi (Dilli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.
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Denmark
Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.
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Dictator
A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power.
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Douglas & McIntyre
Douglas & McIntyre is an imprint of the Canadian book publishing firm Douglas and McIntyre (2013) Ltd.
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Dunhuang
Dunhuang is a county-level city in northwestern Gansu Province, Western China.
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Entomology
Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology.
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Equestrian statue of Marshal Mannerheim
A bronze equestrian statue of Marshal of Finland Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, by Aimo Tukiainen, stands in centre of Helsinki, Finland.
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Equestrianism
Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, horseman, horse), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.
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Erik Heinrichs
Axel Erik Heinrichs (21 July 1890 – 16 November 1965) was a Finnish military general.
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Estonia
Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.
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Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (Suomen evankelis-luterilainen kirkko; Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkan i Finland) is a national church of Finland.
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Far-right politics
Far-right politics are politics further on the right of the left-right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of more extreme nationalist, and nativist ideologies, as well as authoritarian tendencies.
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February Revolution
The February Revolution (p), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution, was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917.
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Field marshal (Finland)
In Finnish Defence Forces Field Marshal (Finnish: sotamarsalkka (lit. War Marshal), Swedish: fältmarskalk) is officially not an active military rank but an honorary rank that can be bestowed upon 'especially distinguished generals'.
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Finland
Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.
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Finnish Army
The Finnish Army (Finnish: Maavoimat, Swedish: Armén) is the land forces branch of the Finnish Defence Forces.
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Finnish Civil War
The Finnish Civil War was a conflict for the leadership and control of Finland during the country's transition from a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state.
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Finnish Defence Forces
The Finnish Defence Forces (Puolustusvoimat, Försvarsmakten) are responsible for the defence of Finland.
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Finnish language
Finnish (or suomen kieli) is a Finnic language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside Finland.
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Finnish presidential election, 1919
Indirect presidential elections were held for the first time in Finland in 1919.
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Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
The Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic, more commonly referred to as Red Finland, was a theoretical precursor of an unrecognized Finnish socialist state.
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Finns
Finns or Finnish people (suomalaiset) are a Finnic ethnic group native to Finland.
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Flag Day
A flag day is a flag-related holiday, a day designated for flying a certain flag (such as a national flag) or a day set aside to celebrate a historical event such as a nation's adoption of its flag.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Gangtok
Gangtok is a city, municipality, the capital and the largest town of the Indian state of Sikkim.
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Gansu
Gansu (Tibetan: ཀན་སུའུ་ Kan su'u) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northwest of the country.
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General officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the army, and in some nations' air forces or marines.
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German Empire
The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.
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Grand Duchy of Finland
The Grand Duchy of Finland (Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta, Storfurstendömet Finland, Великое княжество Финляндское,; literally Grand Principality of Finland) was the predecessor state of modern Finland.
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Hami
Hami, also known as Kumul, is a prefecture-level city in eastern Xinjiang, China.
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Hamina Cadet School
Finland Cadet school was the common name for the Fredrikshamn cadet school during the period 1819–1901.
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Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state.
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Helsinki
Helsinki (or;; Helsingfors) is the capital city and most populous municipality of Finland.
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Hexi Corridor
Hexi Corridor (Xiao'erjing: حْسِ ظِوْلاْ, IPA: /xɤ˧˥ɕi˥ tsoʊ˨˩˦lɑŋ˧˥/) or Gansu Corridor refers to the historical route in Gansu province of China.
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Hietaniemi Cemetery
The Hietaniemi cemetery (Hietaniemen hautausmaa, Sandudds begravningsplats) is located mainly in the Lapinlahti quarter and partly in the Etu-Töölö district of Helsinki, the capital of Finland.
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Hitler and Mannerheim recording
The Hitler and Mannerheim recording is a voice recording of a private conversation between Adolf Hitler, Führer of Nazi Germany, and Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces, during a secret visit honoring Mannerheim's 75th birthday on 4 June 1942 during the Continuation War.
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Honghuzi
Honghuzi were armed Chinese robbers and bandits in the areas of the eastern Russia-China borderland, comprising southeastern Siberia, the Russian Far East, and Northeast China (then known as Manchuria).
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Hotan
Hotan, also transliterated from Chinese as Hetian, is a major oasis town in southwestern Xinjiang, an autonomous region in western China.
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Hugo Österman
Hugo Viktor Österman (5 September 1892, Helsinki – 17 February 1975) was a Finnish Lieutenant-General during World War II.
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Imatra
Imatra is a town and municipality in eastern Finland.
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Immola Airfield
Immola Airfield is an airfield in Imatra, Finland, about northeast of Imatrankoski, the centre of Imatra.
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Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army (Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия) was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 17 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.
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Iron Cross
The Iron Cross (abbreviated EK) is a former military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (1871–1918) and Nazi Germany (1933–1945).
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Joachim von Ribbentrop
Ulrich Friedrich Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946), more commonly known as Joachim von Ribbentrop, was Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945.
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Juho Kusti Paasikivi
Juho Kusti Paasikivi (27 November 1870 – 14 December 1956) was the seventh President of Finland (1946–1956).
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Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg
Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg (28 January 1865 – 22 September 1952) was a Finnish jurist and academic, who played a central role in the drafting of the Constitution of Finland in 1919.
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Karelia
Karelia (Karelian, Finnish and Estonian: Karjala; Карелия, Kareliya; Karelen), the land of the Karelian peoples, is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Finland, Russia, and Sweden.
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Karl Fredrik Wilkama
Karl Fredrik Wilkama, born Wilkman, (27 March 1876 – 15 July 1947) was a Finnish General of the Infantry.
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Kashgar
Kashgar is an oasis city in Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Kiasma
Kiasma is a contemporary art museum located on Mannerheimintie in Helsinki, Finland.
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Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (1000–1946 with the exception of 1918–1920).
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Kingdom of Romania
The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe which existed from 1881, when prince Carol I of Romania was proclaimed King, until 1947, when King Michael I of Romania abdicated and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic.
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Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), or simply the Knight's Cross (Ritterkreuz), and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
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Kyösti Kallio
Kyösti Kallio (10 April 1873 – 19 December 1940) was the fourth President of Finland (1937–1940).
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Labrang Monastery
Labrang Monastery is one of the six great monasteries of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.
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Lapland War
The Lapland War (Lapin sota; Lapplandskriget; Lapplandkrieg) was fought between Finland and Nazi Germany effectively from September to November 1944 in Finland's northernmost region, Lapland, during World War II.
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Lapua Movement
The Lapua Movement (Lapuan liike, Lapporörelsen) was a Finnish radical nationalist and anti-communist political movement founded in and named after the town of Lapua.
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Lausanne
Lausanne (Lausanne Losanna, Losanna) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and the capital and biggest city of the canton of Vaud.
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Lausanne University Hospital
The Lausanne University Hospital (Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois, CHUV), in Lausanne, is one of the five university hospitals in Switzerland.
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Legion of Honour
The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.
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Lieutenant
A lieutenant (abbreviated Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a junior commissioned officer in the armed forces, fire services, police and other organizations of many nations.
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Lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel.
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Lieutenant general
Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries.
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List of Finnish monarchs and Heads of State
This is a list of the monarchs of Finland until it became a republic in 1919; that is, the Kings of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union, the Grand Dukes of Finland, a title used by most Swedish monarchs, up to the two-year Regent period following the independence in 1917, with a brief flirtation with a truly domestic monarchy.
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List of presidents of Finland
The President of Finland is Finland's head of state.
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List of wars involving Finland
This list only includes conflicts where Finnish forces took part in actual combat.
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Lohja
Lohja (Lojo) is a city and municipality in the Uusimaa region of Finland.
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London
London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.
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Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.
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Major general
Major general (abbreviated MG, Maj. Gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries.
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Manchuria
Manchuria is a name first used in the 17th century by Chinese people to refer to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia.
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Mannerheim (family)
Mannerheim is the surname of a well-known noble family registered in Finland, Sweden and Germany.
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Mannerheim Cross
The Mannerheim Cross of Liberty (Finnish: Mannerheim-risti, Swedish: Mannerheimkorset) is the most esteemed Finnish military decoration.
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Mannerheim Line
The Mannerheim Line (Mannerheim-linja, Mannerheimlinjen) was a defensive fortification line on the Karelian Isthmus built by Finland against the Soviet Union.
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Mannerheim Museum
The Mannerheim Museum is located in Helsinki, Finland.
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Mannerheimintie
Mannerheimintie (Mannerheimvägen), named after the Finnish military leader and statesman Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, is the main street of Helsinki, Finland.
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Market economy
A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.
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Marskin ryyppy
Marskin ryyppy (lit. The Marshal's drink/shot; Marskens snaps) is a strong alcoholic drink of Finnish origin, served as a schnapps.
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Mińsk Mazowiecki
Mińsk Mazowiecki "Masovian Minsk" is a town in central Poland with 40,211 inhabitants (2015).
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Mikkeli
Mikkeli (S:t Michel official writing, short for Sankt Michel) is a town and municipality in Finland.
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Military of the Grand Duchy of Finland
Between 1809 and 1917 Finland was an autonomous part of the Russian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Finland.
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Montreux
Montreux is a municipality in the district of Riviera-Pays-d'Enhaut in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.
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Moscow Peace Treaty
The Moscow Peace Treaty was signed by Finland and the Soviet Union on 12 March 1940, and the ratifications were exchanged on 21 March.
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Mumbai
Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
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Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.
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National Coalition Party
The National Coalition Party (NCP; Kansallinen Kokoomus; Kok.; Samlingspartiet; Saml.) is a centre-right political party in Finland considered to be liberal, and conservative, and liberal-conservative.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nazism
National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus), more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practices associated with the Nazi Party – officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) – in Nazi Germany, and of other far-right groups with similar aims.
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Nepal
Nepal (नेपाल), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल), is a landlocked country in South Asia located mainly in the Himalayas but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
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Nicholas II of Russia
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (r; 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas II of Russia in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 15 March 1917.
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Non-commissioned officer
A non-commissioned officer (NCO) is a military officer who has not earned a commission.
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October Revolution
The October Revolution (p), officially known in Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution (Вели́кая Октя́брьская социалисти́ческая револю́ция), and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising, the Bolshevik Revolution, or the Bolshevik Coup, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin that was instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Officer (armed forces)
An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority.
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Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary
The Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary (Magyar Érdemrend) was established on 14 June 1922 by Miklós Horthy the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary.
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Order of Michael the Brave
The Order of Michael the Brave (Ordinul Mihai Viteazul) is Romania's highest military decoration, instituted by King Ferdinand I during the early stages of the Romanian Campaign of the First World War, and was again awarded in the Second World War.
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Order of Saint Anna
The Order of Saint Anna (Орден Святой Анны; also "Order of Saint Ann" or "Order of Saint Anne") was established as a Holstein ducal and then Russian imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia.
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Order of Saint Stanislaus
The Order of Saint Stanislaus (Order św., Орден Святого Станислава), also spelled Stanislas, was a Polish order of knighthood founded in 1765 by King Stanisław August Poniatowski of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
The Royal Hungarian Order of Saint Stephen (Magyar Királyi Szent István Iovagrend; Königlich Ungarischer Sankt-Stephans-Orden) was an order of knighthood founded by Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa in 1764.
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Order of Saint Vladimir
The Order of Saint Vladimir (Орден Святого Владимира) was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II (r. 1762–1796) in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'.
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Order of St. George
The Order of Saint George (Орден «Святого Георгия») is today the highest purely military decoration of the Russian Federation.
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Order of the British Empire
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the Civil service.
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Order of the Cross of Liberty
The Order of the Cross of Liberty (Vapaudenristin ritarikunta; Frihetskorsets orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the White Rose of Finland and the Order of the Lion of Finland.
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Order of the Cross of the Eagle
The Order of the Cross of the Eagle (Kotkaristi teenetemärk; Ordre de la Croix de l'Aigle) was instituted in 1928 by the Estonian Defence League to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Estonian independence.
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Order of the Elephant
The Order of the Elephant (Elefantordenen) is a Danish order of chivalry and is Denmark's highest-ranked honour.
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Order of the Estonian Red Cross
The Order of the Estonian Red Cross (Eesti Punase Risti teenetemärk; Ordre de la Croix-Rouge Estonienne) was instituted in 1920 by the Estonian Red Cross Society.
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Order of the German Eagle
The Order of the German Eagle (Verdienstorden vom Deutschen Adler) was an award of the German Nazi regime, predominantly to foreign diplomats.
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Order of the Lion of Finland
The Order of the Lion of Finland (Suomen Leijonan ritarikunta; Finlands Lejons orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty and the Order of the White Rose of Finland.
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Order of the Rising Sun
The is a Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji of Japan.
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Order of the Sword
The Order of the Sword (officially: Royal Order of the Sword; Swedish: Kungliga Svärdsorden) is a Swedish order of chivalry and military decoration created by King Frederick I of Sweden on February 23, 1748, together with the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Polar Star.
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Order of the White Rose of Finland
The Order of the White Rose of Finland (Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland.
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Parliament of Finland
The Parliament of Finland, is the unicameral supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906.
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Paul Pelliot
Paul Eugène Pelliot (28 May 187826 October 1945) was a French Sinologist and Orientalist best known for his explorations of Central Asia and his discovery of many important Chinese texts among the Dunhuang manuscripts.
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Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad (15 December 1861 – 29 February 1944) was the third President of Finland from 1931 to 1937.
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Peptic ulcer disease
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small intestine or occasionally the lower esophagus.
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Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.
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President of Finland
The President of the Republic of Finland (Suomen tasavallan presidentti, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland.
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Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse
Frederick Charles Louis Constantine, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse (1 May 1868 – 28 May 1940), Friedrich Karl Ludwig Konstantin Prinz und Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel in German, was the brother-in-law of the German Emperor Wilhelm II.
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Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.
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Regent
A regent (from the Latin regens: ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated.
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Representative democracy
Representative democracy (also indirect democracy, representative republic or psephocracy) is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy.
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Right-wing politics
Right-wing politics hold that certain social orders and hierarchies are inevitable, natural, normal or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics or tradition.
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Risto Ryti
Risto Heikki Ryti (–) was the fifth president of Finland, from 1940 to 1944.
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Romania
Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.
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Royal Order of the Seraphim
The Royal Order of the Seraphim (Swedish: Kungliga Serafimerorden; Seraphim being a category of Angels) is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Polar Star.
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Rudolf Walden
Karl Rudolf Walden (December 1, 1878 in Helsinki – October 25, 1946) was a Finnish industrialist and a military leader.
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Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossiyi; November 1917 – October 1922) was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
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Russo-Japanese War
The Russo–Japanese War (Russko-yaponskaya voina; Nichirosensō; 1904–05) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea.
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Ryti–Ribbentrop Agreement
The Ryti–Ribbentrop letter of agreement (Ryti–Ribbentrop-sopimus) of June 26, 1944, was a personal letter from President Risto Ryti of Finland to German Führer Adolf Hitler whereby Ryti agreed not to reach a separate peace in the war with the Soviet Union without approval from Nazi Germany, in order to secure German military aid for Finland to stop the Soviet offensive.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Samarkand
Samarkand (Uzbek language Uzbek alphabet: Samarqand; سمرقند; Самарканд; Σαμαρκάνδη), alternatively Samarqand, is a city in modern-day Uzbekistan and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia.
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Senate of Finland
The Senate of Finland (Suomen senaatti) combined the functions of cabinet and supreme court in the Grand Duchy of Finland from 1816 to 1917 and in the independent Republic of Finland from 1917 to 1918.
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Ship
A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying passengers or goods, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing.
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Siege of Leningrad
The Siege of Leningrad (also known as the Leningrad Blockade (Блокада Ленинграда, transliteration: Blokada Leningrada) and the 900-Day Siege) was a prolonged military blockade undertaken from the south by the Army Group North of Nazi Germany and the Finnish Army in the north, against Leningrad, historically and currently known as Saint Petersburg, in the Eastern Front theatre of World War II.
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Sikkim
Sikkim is a state in Northeast India.
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Simón Bolívar
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco (24 July 1783 – 17 December 1830), generally known as Simón Bolívar and also colloquially as El Libertador, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who played a leading role in the establishment of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama as sovereign states, independent of Spanish rule.
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Sovereignty
Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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SS-Begleitkommando des Führers
SS-Begleitkommando des Führers ("SS Escort Command of the Führer"), later known as the Führerbegleitkommando (Führer Escort Command; FBK) was originally an eight-man SS squad formed from a twelve-man security squad (known as the SS-Begleitkommando) tasked with protecting the life of Adolf Hitler during the early 1930s.
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Stallion
A stallion is a male horse that has not been gelded (castrated).
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State funeral
A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance.
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Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 952,058 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area.
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Stud (animal)
A stud animal is a registered animal retained for breeding.
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Suuret suomalaiset
Suuret suomalaiset (Great Finns) was a 2004 television show broadcast in Finland by Yle (the Finnish Broadcasting Company), which determined the 100 greatest Finns of all time according to the opinions of its viewers.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire (Stormaktstiden, "Great Power Era") was a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries.
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Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language spoken natively by 9.6 million people, predominantly in Sweden (as the sole official language), and in parts of Finland, where it has equal legal standing with Finnish.
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Swedish People's Party of Finland
The Swedish People's Party of Finland (Svenska folkpartiet i Finland (SFP); Suomen ruotsalainen kansanpuolue (RKP)) is a liberal-centrist political party in Finland aiming to represent the interests of the minority Swedish-speaking population of Finland.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.
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The Great Game
"The Great Game" was a political and diplomatic confrontation that existed for most of the nineteenth century between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighbouring territories in Central and Southern Asia.
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The Marshal of Finland
The Marshal of Finland (Suomen Marsalkka) is a Finnish-Kenyan fictional film based on the life of Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.
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Tian Shan
The Tian Shan,, also known as the Tengri Tagh, meaning the Mountains of Heaven or the Heavenly Mountain, is a large system of mountain ranges located in Central Asia.
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Tiger
The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest cat species, most recognizable for its pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside.
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Tribhuvan of Nepal
Tribhuwan Bir Bikram Shah(त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह), (June 23, 1903 – March 13, 1955) was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his death (not considering his exile from 7 November 1950 to 18 February 1951).
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Turkestan
Turkestan, also spelt Turkistan (literally "Land of the Turks" in Persian), refers to an area in Central Asia between Siberia to the north and Tibet, India and Afghanistan to the south, the Caspian Sea to the west and the Gobi Desert to the east.
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Turpan
Turpan, also known as Turfan or Tulufan, is a prefecture-level city located in the east of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Uhlan
Uhlans (Polish: Ułan; German: Ulan) were Polish light cavalry armed with lances, sabres and pistols.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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University of British Columbia Press
The University of British Columbia Press (UBC Press) is a university press that is part of the University of British Columbia.
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University of Minnesota Press
The University of Minnesota Press is a university press that is part of the University of Minnesota.
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Urho Castrén
Urho Jonas Castrén (30 December 1886 in Jyväskylä – 8 March 1965 in Helsinki) was a judge, serving for 27 years as the President of the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland.
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Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan, officially also the Republic of Uzbekistan (Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi), is a doubly landlocked Central Asian Sovereign state.
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Vaasa
Vaasa (Vasa) is a city on the west coast of Finland.
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Venice
Venice (Venezia,; Venesia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
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Vorschmack
Vorschmack or forshmak (from archaic German Vorschmack, "foretaste"Gil Marks. Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2010. or "appetizer") is an originally East European dish made of salty minced fish or meat.
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Vyborg
Vyborg (p; Viipuri,; Viborg; Wiborg; Viiburi) is a town in, and the administrative center of, Vyborgsky District in Leningrad Oblast, Russia.
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War reparations
War reparations are payments made after a war by the vanquished to the victors.
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War-responsibility trials in Finland
The war-responsibility trials in Finland (Sotasyyllisyysoikeudenkäynti, Krigsansvarighetsprocessen) were trials of the Finnish wartime leaders held responsible for "definitely influencing Finland in getting into a war with the Soviet Union and United Kingdom in 1941 or preventing peace" during the Continuation War, 1941–1944.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.
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White Guard (Finland)
The White Guard or Civil Guard (lit. protection corps) was a voluntary militia that emerged victorious over the socialist Red Guard as a part of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War of 1918.
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White movement
The White movement (p) and its military arm the White Army (Бѣлая Армія/Белая Армия, Belaya Armiya), also known as the White Guard (Бѣлая Гвардія/Белая Гвардия, Belaya Gvardiya), the White Guardsmen (Белогвардейцы, Belogvardeytsi) or simply the Whites (Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War (1917–1922/3) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War.
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Whites (Finland)
The Whites (Valkoiset, De vita, Белофинны), or White Finland, was the name used to refer to the refugee government and forces under Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's first senate who opposed the "Reds", or the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic, during the Finnish civil war (1918).
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William R. Trotter
William R. (Bill) Trotter (July 15, 1943 - February 28, 2018) was an American author and historian.
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Winter War
The Winter War was a military conflict between the Soviet Union (USSR) and Finland.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Xenophobia
Xenophobia is the fear and distrust of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange.
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Xinjiang
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى; SASM/GNC: Xinjang Uyĝur Aptonom Rayoni; p) is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country.
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Yangon
Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့, MLCTS rankun mrui,; formerly known as Rangoon, literally: "End of Strife") was the capital of the Yangon Region of Myanmar, also known as Burma.
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Yle
Yleisradio Oy (Finnish), also known as Rundradion (Swedish) or the Finnish Broadcasting Company (English), abbreviated to Yle (pronounced /yle/; previously stylised as YLE before the 2012 corporate rebrand), is Finland's national public broadcasting company, founded in 1926.
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Yugur
The Yugurs, or Yellow Uyghurs, as they are traditionally known, are a Turkic and Mongolicgroup and one of China's 56 officially recognized nationalities, consisting of 13,719 persons according to the 2000 census.
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Redirects here:
Anastasia Mannerheim, Anastasia Nikolajevna Arapova, Anastasia Nikolajevna Mannerheim, Anastasie Arapova, Baron Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim, C. G. E. Mannerheim, C.G. Mannerheim, C.G.E. Mannerheim, Carl Gustaf Emil, Baron von Mannerheim, Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim, Carl Gustav Mannerheim, Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Gustaf Mannerheim, Gustav mannerheim, Mannerheim, Mannerheim, Carl von, Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Marshal Mannerheim, Sophie Mannerheim Jr., Suomen Marsalkka.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim
