Cell wall and Peptidoglycan

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Difference between Cell wall and Peptidoglycan

Cell wall vs. Peptidoglycan

A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall.

Amino acid

Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.

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Archaea

Archaea (or or) constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

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Cell wall

A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane.

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Cross-link

A cross-link is a bond that links one polymer chain to another.

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Gram-negative bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation.

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Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their cell wall.

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Lysozyme

Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system.

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N-Acetylglucosamine

N-Acetylglucosamine (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, or GlcNAc, or NAG) is a monosaccharide and a derivative of glucose.

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N-Acetylmuramic acid

N-Acetylmuramic acid, or MurNAc, is the ether of lactic acid and ''N''-acetylglucosamine with a chemical formula of C11H19NO8.

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N-Acetyltalosaminuronic acid

N-Acetyltalosaminuronic acid is a uronic acid.

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Penicillin

Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use).

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Polymer

A polymer (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits.

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Pseudopeptidoglycan

Pseudopeptidoglycan (also known as pseudomureinWhite, David. (1995) The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, pages 6, 12-21. (Oxford: Oxford University Press)..) is a major cell wall component of some Archaea that differs from bacterial peptidoglycan in chemical structure, but resembles bacterial peptidoglycan in function and physical structure.

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S-layer

An S-layer (surface layer) is a part of the cell envelope found in almost all archaea, as well as in many types of bacteria.

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Turgor pressure

Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.

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