Centromere and Karyotype

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Difference between Centromere and Karyotype

Centromere vs. Karyotype

The centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids (a dyad). A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

Cell biology

Cell biology (also called cytology, from the Greek κυτος, kytos, "vessel") is a branch of biology that studies the structure and function of the cell, the basic unit of life.

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Cell division

Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

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Centromere

The centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids (a dyad).

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Chromosome

A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

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Chromosome 13

Chromosome 13 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.

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Chromosome 14

Chromosome 14 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.

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Chromosome 15

Chromosome 15 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.

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Chromosome 2

Chromosome 2 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.

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Chromosome 21

Chromosome 21 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.

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Chromosome 22

Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells.

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DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

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Eukaryote

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Heterochromatin

Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA or condensed DNA, which comes in multiple varieties.

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Human genome

The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.

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Locus (genetics)

A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).

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Mitosis

In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

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Ploidy

Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.

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Telomere

A telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes.

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X chromosome

The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes (allosomes) in many organisms, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome), and is found in both males and females.

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Y chromosome

The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals.

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